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MOSEPH RUZtCKA!
BOOWBINDERS
BAt'T^MfGRE, MD-J
FOR USE ONLY IN
THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLECTION
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
http://archive.org/details/historyofunivers02batt
Kemp P. Battle
George T. Winston
Edwin A. Aldi
Francis P. Venable
HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
By
KEMP P. BATTLE
Professor Emeritus of History
VOLUME II
From 1868 to 1912
RALEIGH:
Edwards & Broughton Printing Company
1912
Copyright, 1912
By Kemp P. Battle
1 3
_
Library, Univ. of
North Carolina
TO MY WIFE
who for nearly threescore tears
has journeyed with me over the smooth ways
and the rough ways op life,
an ever ready help and wise counselor,
this book is lovingly dedicated.
Kemp Plummer Battle.
PREFACE
After unexpected and regretted delays the second volume
of my History of the University of North Carolina is issued
from the press. It embraces the period from the suspension
of exercises in 1868 to the close of the Summer School in
1912. My aim has been to give a clear and truthful pen pic-
ture of the revival of the institution from its moribund state,
its struggles and its final rise to rank with the first insti-
tutions of America. To record all the items of the numerous
facts and incidents of forty-four years is manifestly impos
ble. I have selected such as in my judgment make the narra-
tive both distinct and accurate. The students who attended
the University from time to time will doubtless be able to
point out omissions. I assure them that such omissions were
essential in order to prevent the book from having excessive
bulkiness.
The Faculty in recent years has been larger than that of the
old University, and the changes more frequent. I have endeav-
ored to give engravings of all the professors. Where the face
of a new professor is not found the deficiency came from ina-
bility to procure his photograph.
The first volume met with a reception which greatly surprised
and gratified me. I can not hope that similar favor will be
extended to the second. The former chronicled events on
which the haze of oblivion had settled or was then settling.
The removal of this haze and bringing them again into the
light, brought, it seems, to the readers, both interest and
instruction.
The second volume tells of things and persons which have
not passed from memory. They are almost contemporary.
My readers have shaken hands with the actors. They will not
have the pleasure of reviving happy memories half forgotten.
Distance, in time as well as in space, "lends enchantment to
the view."
I have, however, aimed higher than merely giving an agree-
able hour to my readers. I venture to hope that this minute
vi Preface
and faithful narrative of the struggles of the University from
seven teachers and sixty-nine students to over eight hundred
matriculates and over eighty teachers, will be of permanent
value to students of education and to students of State Gov-
ernment. I think it will be seen that in a large degree the
University has created its own success, by the constant advo-
cacy of higher education in all the counties by its Presidents
and Professors; by the excellence of its training; by the culture
and energy of the teachers it has sent forth as educational
missionaries, like Mclver, Alderman, Noble, Joyner, Walker;
by the high conduct of its sons in religious, legislative, execu-
tive, and judicial functions and in business pursuits. I do not
think that I boast too much in claiming that the University has
been an influential factor in creating the present high appre-
ciation of education among our people.
I must express my obligations to Professor Collier Cobb for
his assistance in procuring the numerous engravings in my
book, often photographing the subjects with his own camera.
Also to my sons, K. P., Thos. H., and W. J. Battle, especially
Dr. Kemp P. Battle, Junior, for valuable assistance in prepar-
ing the manuscript and reading proof.
CONTENTS
Chapter I.
Failure of efforts to continue exercises of the University — Liti-
gation and its results — New Trustees elected by General Assembly.
Chapter II.
Interest on Land Scrip Fund — New Professors elected — Reopen-
ing in 1875 — Curriculum.
Chapter III.
Commencement of 1876 — Election of President Battle — Com-
mencement of 1877 — Vance's address on Swain.
Chapter IV.
Normal School of 1877— Commencements of 1878, '79, '80, '81, '82,
'83— Normal Schools of 1878, '79, '80, '81, '82, '83— Alumni Banquet
in Raleigh — Speeches — $5,000 annual appropriation — Railroad fin-
ished.
Chapter V.
Commencements of 1884 and 1885 — Normal School of 1884 —
Breaches of Discipline — $15,000 additional appropriation — Memorial
Hall — Tablets — Dedication service — New Professors — Hazing — Post-
Graduate Courses.
Chapter VI.
Industrial School— Commencements of 1886, '87 and '88— Klepto-
mania— A. and M. College — Loss of $7,500 a year — Charter Cen-
tennial of ' 1889 — Banquet — Speeches — Commencement and banquet
of 1890— History Chair.
Chapter VII.
President Battle resigns — Dr. Winston succeeds — Inauguration —
Commencements of 1891, '92, '93, '94 — Attacks on University —
2
viii Contents
Winston's argument — Alumni Quarterly — Centennial of 1895 — Com-
mencements of 1896, '97, '98, '99 — Election and inauguration of
Alderman — Quarter Centennial of 1900 — Resignation of Dr. Alder-
man.
Chapter VIII.
Inauguration of President Venable — First Report — Commence-
ment of 1901, of 1902, 1903, 1904, 1905— Bynum Gymnasium— Com-
mencement of 1906 — University Day — Commencement of 1907 —
Resignations of Dr. K. P. Battle and Dr. Thos. Hume — Memorial
services for Professor Gore and Mrs. Spencer — Commencement of
1908, of 1909, 1910— The University Council— Reunions of 1860,
1870, and 1885 — University Day 1910 — Reunion of War Classes in
1911 — Commencements of 1911, 1912 — Dedication of Medical Build-
ing— Death of Richard H. Battle and Dr. Thomas Hume — Publica-
tions of the Faculty — University Athletics.
Chapter IX.
Walks About Chapel Hill. Poem of Rev. Mark John Levy.
Corrigenda et Addenda. Errata.
Appendix.
The First Trustees under the Constitution of 1868 — Trustees of
the University Since the Reopening — Supporters of the University
in the General Assembly at Critical Times — Donations to the Li-
brary—The University Chair of History — General University and
Society Catalogues — Faculty of 1911-'12 — Degrees Conferred in Course
from the Reopening to 1912, inclusive— Portraits in the University
Library — Portraits in the Dialectic Society Hall — Portraits in the
Philanthropic Society Hall — Specimens of the Dramatic and Musi-
cal Efforts of the Students — Specimen Program Confederate Me-
morial Exercises — List of the Alumni in the University of North
Carolina, in Addition to Those Named in the Appendix to Volume I,
Who Have Held or Now Hold (1912) High Positions.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Presidents of the University
Kemp P. Battle
George T. Winston
Edwin A. Alderman
Francis P. Venable
Facing
Portraits— Page
Alexander, Eben 334
Atkinson, G. F 238
Bain, C. W 706
Ball, F. K 600
Baskerville, Charles 600
Battle, Richard H 96
Bell, J. M 728
Bernard, W. S 694
Booker, JVM 706
Brown, W.'H 728
Bruner, J. D 616
Cain, William 334
Chase, H. W 662
Cobb, Collier 562
Cobb, Palmer 636
Coker, W. C 694
Dabney, C. W 138
Daggett, P. H 728
Dey, W. M 636
Gore, J. W ;... 238
Graham, E. K 694
Grandy, CD 104
Graves, R. H 104
Hall, R. A 728
Hamilton, J. G. deR 706
Harrington, K. P 334
Harris, T. W 104
Henderson, Archibald 728
Herty, C. H 662
Hickerson, T. F 728
Holmes, J. A 238
Howe, George 616
Howell, E. V 562
Hume, Thomas 238
Jarvis, Thomas J 96
Latta, J. E 616
Lawson, R. B 706
Ledoux, A. R 138
Linscott, H. F 600
Love, J. L 238
MacNider, W. de B 662
MacRae, J. C 562
McGehee, L. P 636
Mcintosh, A. C 636
Mclver, Alexander 104
McKie, G. M 662
Mangum, A. W 104
Mangum, C. S 562
Manning, I. H 636
Manning, John 104
Mills, J. E 616
Mims, Edwin 694
Noble, M. C. S 600
Patterson, A. H 694
Patterson, W. T 334
.Frontispiece
Facing
Portraits — Page
Phillips, W. B 238
Pool, Solomon 8
Pratt, J. H 694
Raper, C. L 600
Royster, Hubert 616
Royster, J. F 636
Ruffln, Thomas 616
Saunders, William L 96
Shepherd, J. E 562
Simonds, F. W 104
Smith, C. Alphonso. 616
Spencer, Mrs. Cornelia Phillips. 96
Stacy, M. H 662
Tolnian, H. C 562
Towles, Oliver 706
Toy, W. D 334
Venable, F. P 238
Viles, G. B 662
Wagstaff, H. M 706
Walker, N. W €36
Wheeler, A. S 600
Whitehead, R. H 334
Williams, H. H 334
Wilson, H. V 562
Wilson, L. R , 662
Wilson, T. J 600
Winston, P. H 694
Woollen, C. T 728
Woltz, A. E 706
University Buildings and
Scenes — ■
Alumni Hall 524
Arboretum 764
Baptist Church 178
Bynum Gymnasium 644
Caldwell Hall 730
Carr Building 448
Chapel of the Cross, Episcopal. . 764
Chemistry Hall 448
Davie Hall 730
First President's House 740
Home of Dr. Brown 672
Home of Kemp P. Battle 460
Mary Ann Smith Building 524
Memorial Hall 316
Methodist Church *. . . . 178
Presbyterian Church 178
President's Home 672
President's Walk 460
Professor Bain's Home 740
Raleigh Road 624
South Building and Well 316
University Library 644
Y. M. C. A. Building 624
History of the University of North Carolina
Volume II
CHAPTER I.
Election of Trustees — 1789 to i
In my first volume I brought the History of the University
to the death of President Swain, August 29, 1868. This period
covers the life of the Old University. The changes in courses
of instruction, in scholastic degrees, in modes of discipline,
in buildings and apparatus, the habits and aspirations of stu-
dents, now make appropriate the name of the New University.
There is, however, a substantial connection between the Old
and the New. The New is the Old modernized, responding to
changed conditions of social life, to new demands of rapidly
advancing discoveries, to invention and ever varying phases of
scientific, political, industrial, and even theological thought.
The New, however, has pride in the history of the past, espe-
cially in the great alumni, who have been leaders in all the
walks of life, while the survivors, joyful over the continued
progress of their Alma Mater and ever ready to applaud its
further advancement, have in their hearts an ever increasing
love for the University as they knew it. There has been no
destruction of the Old. When closed for a season it only
slumbered. It was not dead. The influences that awakened it
were put into motion by the old alumni, who had eagerly
watched for the opportunity. But for those influences an
Agricultural and Mechanical College would have taken its
place — the application of science to industrial pursuits exalted
and literary departments subordinated. The Old University
would have died, leaving only a memory of past achievements.
By the University charter of 1789 its Trustees filled the
vacancies which occurred from time to time. As those named
2 History of University of North Carolina.
in the charter were mostly of the Federalist party, it naturally
came to pass that when Jeffersonian Democracy was trium-
phant in the General Assembly, the Board of Trustees was
strongly of the adversary party. The University for this and
other reasons became very unpopular. Hostile legislation re-
sulted. It became necessary to give the election of Trustees to
the General Assembly. From 1804 down to 1868 the choice
was by that body, the term of office being for life.
■ The University kept its doors open in all the hardships of
the war, but it was left in desperate circumstances. The en-
dowment was gone. Professors for the payment of their sala-
ries depended on tuition receipts and, owing to the general
paralysis of business, students were few in number, and some
of them on the beneficiary list. Professors Martin, Hepburn,
and Kimberly, for want of a support, went elsewhere. The
Faculty was reduced to five.
The Trustees adopted a scheme, reported in 1867 by a com-
mittee, of which K. P. Battle was chairman and Wm. A. Gra-
ham and S. F. Phillips were members, under which Professors
were to be supported partly by small salaries paid by the Uni-
versity, the residue by fees paid by students in the respective
departments. In order to relieve the Trustees of all embar-
rassment, the President and Professors in the Fall of 1867 ten-
dered their resignations, which were accepted, but, as the new
scheme was not to go into operation until the Commencement of
1868, they by request continued in their chairs until then.
When that date arrived it was evident that the old Board
would shortly be superseded. It was impossible for them to
carry into practical effect the contemplated reorganization. It
seemed good to them therefore to reelect the President and
Professors, so that responsible men should be in office to pro-
tect the public property and take effectual means for receiving
students at the beginning of the following session* These
reflections were duly accepted by the incumbents.
By the Constitution of 1868 the election of Trustees was
taken from the General Assembly and given to the Board of
Education, its members being ex officio Trustees. The others
were apportioned in the State, one to each county. This ar
Election of Trustees, i
rangement was faulty in several particulars. In the first place
all the members of the Board of Education, except the Super-
intendent of Public Instruction, were political officers, with no
special interest" in the cause of education. Secondly, as many
of the counties are remote from the seat of government and it
has never been the practice to pay the expenses of Trustees,
many of them never attend meetings. And as the members
of the Educational Board live in Raleigh, they would usually
be the controlling element in the Board of Trustees. Thirdly,
it so happened that in 1868 Governor Holden controlled the
Board of Education and so dominated the University.
Since 1835 the practical management of the University has
been in the hands of the Executive Committee, prior to 1868
chosen annually by the Trustees, always with special reference
to their interest in the University and proximity to Raleigh.
The Constitution of 1868 totally changed this salutary arrange-
ment. The Executive Committee was so constituted as no
longer to be the helpful servants of the Trustees, but to be
under the control of a political body, namely, the Board of
Education, then eight in number, the State officers — politicians
of course. To these were added the President of the Univer-
sity and three Trustees elected by the Board, the politicians
being in a majority of seven to four. The Governor was
chairman both of the Board and of the Executive Committee.
In the Appendix is the list of the first elected Trustees under
the Constitution of 1868.
Eight of those appointed, R. Don Wilson, C. C. Jones, R. S.
Abrams, George W. Brooks, J. H. Bowditch, J. A. Maultsby,
Anderson Mitchell, and F. J. Kron refused to accept the office,
some for private reasons, others because they did not reside in
the counties from which they were appointed. Mr. F. J. Kron,
of Stanly, in his letter of refusal, said, "The institution as it
stood heretofore had no warmer friend than myself. My best
wishes for such a Faculty, such as it possessed from its foun-
dation, and such thorough scholarship as will command the
gratitude of the State and admiration of the world."
Judge Starbuck, in agreeing to act, showed considerable acri-
mony. He said "the University's prosperity is well-nigh de-
4 History of University of North Carolina.
stroyed by the hand of misrule and treason. Instead of being,
as she is accused of late years, a nursery of narrow-minded,
bigoted, and sectional ideas she may become the nursery of
patriotism, loyalty, love of country, and devotion to this great
Union."
Notwithstanding this censure those who knew the President
and Professors of the old University could testify that they
accepted the results of the defeat of the South with as much
resignation and determination thenceforward to be loyal to the
Union, as those of any institution in the land. This was shown
by the words and actions of President Swain, by the concilia-
tory address of Governor Vance in 1866, by the hearty recep-
tion accorded to President Johnson, Secretary Seward, and
other Northern men in 1867, and by the general attitude of
authorities and students.
The members of the Board of Education owed their places
to the influence of the Governor, so that he controlled and vir-
tually appointed the Board of Trustees. Being a strong party
man he quite naturally appointed Republicans, and a few whom
he hoped to win over.
This Board was composed of many substantial and some
prominent men. There were in it eighteen alumni of the
University, but it was a grave defect, that, scattered as they
were over the State, one in each county, it was difficult to
secure continuity of management. And composed as it was
almost entirely of members of the Republican party, at a time
when party spirit was virulent, naturally their conduct was
watched by censorious eyes and the patronage of the institu-
tion was necessarily curtailed.
The new Board contained only five of the old. These were
Rev. Dr. Neill McKay, Thomas Settle, John Pool, Montfort
McGehee, a Democrat, who owed his appointment to his
brother-in-law, Richard C. Badger, and Governor Holden, who
had resigned his place in 1867.
At the first meeting of the Board, July 23, 1868, the follow-
ing were present : Governor Holden, Lt. -Governor Caldwell,
Secretary Menninger, Auditor Adams, Superintendent Harris,
Superintendent Ashley, Treasurer Jenkins, Attorney-General
Meeting of the New Board. 5
Coleman, on the part of the Board of Education ; Hon. D. L.
Swain, and ex-Governor Manly by invitation; and on the part
of the Trustees, Messrs. Tourgee, Ingram, Rodman, John Pool,
Russell, V. Barringer, M. Taylor, Thomas, Howze, Lehman,
Buxton, Etheridge, Henderson, Wynne, Lassiter, Grimsley,
Bynum, Gahagan, Miller, Cantwell, Robinson, Cloud, J. F.
Taylor, E. W. Jones, Badham, McDonald, S. Pool, Hayes,
Settle, Downing, Reade, Brogden, Long. Total, 41.
The Executive Committeemen elected by Trustees were Wm.
B. Rodman, James F. Taylor, and Thomas Settle, to whom
were added by the Constitution Holden, Caldwell, Menninger,
Jenkins, Adams, Ashley, Harris, and Coleman.
The first action of the Board of Trustees was to distribute
by lot the counties of the State into four classes. The Trustees
from the first class were to hold their office for two years ; of
the second class for four years ; of the thi^d, six years, and of
the fourth for eight years.
Then President Swain, erroneously thinking that he was
recognized as President by the new Constitution and therefore
entitled to a seat in the Board, moved that the old Secre-
tary and Treasurer, ex-Governor Manly, read his report. This
he did with much feeling, closing by a pathetic statement of
his pain and suffering from parting with books and papers
which had been his companions for 47 years. A resolution was
passed thanking him for his efficient services.
President Swain was then called on to "deliver his address,"
the mover being too astute to call it a report. It proved to be
not a recital of the work of the University or of his own actings
for the past year, or of recommendations for the future, but a
statement of the progress of the institution, the increase in
numbers of students and of buildings, during the thirty-three
years of his Presidency. He closed by the assertion that "never
had his services been more zealous, faithful and unintermitting."
He gave no plan of reconstruction of the institution. His re-
port was identical with that submitted to the old Board in 1867.
The Board elected Robert W. Lassiter, a member of the
Granville bar, Secretary and Treasurer, with a salary of $500
yearly. The most important action, which bears the appearance
6 History of University of North Carolina.
of a "snap judgment," was, on motion of Wm, F. Henderson,
the appointment of a committee of five to report some plan for
the continuance of the University. The names of the commit-
tee were Wm. F. Henderson, Victor C. Barringer, John Pool,
Thomas Settle, and Richard I. Wynne. The Superintendent of
Public Instruction, Samuel S. Ashley, was added.
On the next day. in order to negative finally the claim of
President Swain that he was still in office, the Board voted to
accept the resignations of the President and Professors, made
in 1867, and that the chairs be abolished. The reelection of
those officers in June, 1868, were thus ignored as nullities.
On the report of Henderson's committee it was ordered that
the Executive Committee should put into operation a "thorough
and efficient organization of the University upon the proper and
liberal basis contemplated by the Constitution."- They were to
have the extraordinary power of electing a President and Pro-
fessors, devise a system of government, and resume the exer-
cises at the earliest practicable moment, the salaries of Presi-
dent and Professors to be the same as in i860. They were
likewise charged with the duty of inquiring into the state of the
funds of the University, with special attention to the mortgage
of its property and disposition made of the Land Scrip, and
settle the accounts of the late Treasurer Manly. These were
subsequently reported as correct. They allowed his claim of
$750 for balance of salary as Escheator-General. This over-
ruled the action of the old Board which considered the duties
of Escheator-General as appertaining to the office of Secretary
and Treasurer, and that the salary of Secretary-Treasurer was
sufficient to cover all duties.
President Swain endeavored in vain to secure a reversal of
the decision that he was no longer in office. He claimed his
resignation in 1867 was cancelled by his reelection in 1868. He
further contended he held the office legally ; that he could not be
removed except for "misbehavior, inability, or neglect of duty,"
grounds mentioned in the charter. No attention was paid to
this protest, and further action, if he contemplated any, was
prevented by his death. The other members of the old Faculty
made no resistance and soon engaged in other fields of labor.
Second Meeting of the Board. 7
In the choice of a President the Board adopted a limitation
that no one should be elected who had not an "established
national reputation as a scholar and educator." There is no evi-
dence that such a person was sought for, but if the search was
made it was inevitably ineffectual on account of the impossi-
bility of paying an adequate salary.
The unprecedented power to elect all the officers, which had
never before been exercised by any Executive Committee, did
not meet with the approval of many thoughtful Trustees.
Chief Justice Pearson, for example, not to mention others, con-
tended that a matter of so great importance should be passed
upon by the whole Board.
The elections, however, were not then held, although the
Presidency was offered to Mr. L. P. Olds, a son-in-law of the
Governor. As there was no treasury in sight from which a
salary could be drawn, Mr. Olds wisely declined.
The second meeting of the Board was held November 19,
1868. There were 32 in attendance, so that it appears that
there was no lack of interest on the part of the new Trustees.
In truth, considering the distance traveled by most of those
present, at their own charges, the punctuality was most praise-
worthy. There was no diminution of interest for some
months. At the January meeting 37 answered to their names,
but in June, 1869, they dwindled to 12, mostly State officers.
The Committee further recommended that the General As-
sembly be requested to authorize the appointment by the Gov-
ernor and Council of one student for each Member of the Gen-
eral Assembly, the tuition and College expenses for not exceed-
ing two years to be paid by the State. These students were to
be bound to teach in the public schools the length of time they
should be at the University. Judge Rodman, Superintendent
Ashley, and Senator John Pool were instructed to bring this to
the attention of the Legislature. What action, if any, they took,
does not appear. Certainly there was no favorable response on
the part of the law-making power. The public treasury con-
tinued sealed against the University.
The Governor and Board of Education were requested to
protect the property of the institution until the arrival of the
Faculty. Under this authority W. N. Harris was employed
8 History of University of North Carolina.
with a salary of $120 per month as Superintendent. The
Superintendent of Public Works, Ceburn L. Harris, cared for
repairs, there being paid to him from time to time $2,394.19, the
account not stating to what objects the money was applied. It
is certainly not excessive.
The Executive Committee also reported the names of the
Faculty whom they had selected, a description of whom will be
presently given. They were to be supported out of tuition
money, but afterwards, as students did not come in, tuition was
made free.
The Committee declared for co-education, but the Board re-
fused to admit females as students. Judges Tourgee and Rod-
man moved that the appointment of the President and Profes-
sors should be provisional only, but the motion was promptly
voted down. A motion of Curtis H. Brogden to place the
duties of University Treasurer on the Treasurer of the State,
and of the Secretary of the University on the Superintendent of
Public Instruction, shared the same fate.
Mr. Victor C. Barringer moved that a school should be estab-
lished near Raleigh for the instruction of the colored, of equal
value as that at the University. Judge Tourgee followed this
with a motion which was agreed to that it should be a branch
of the University. On motion of Tod R. Caldwell not less
than 100 acres was to be bought. It may be as well to state
that there never was any proposal to admit the colored youth
into the University at Chapel Hill, nor to have co-education of
the races in any way. Barringer's proposal, and one afterwards
made to give one-third of the Land Scrip money to the colored,
were never carried into effect.
In November (1868) the new Treasurer made his first re-
port. The stay laws and general loss of property, he said, had
prevented collection of moneys loaned to individuals and the
cash available was only $1,541.08. There was $32,389 due by
individuals, most of whom were insolvent, and some municipal
bonds, already pledged by the old Board.
The Treasurer further reported that the debts were about
$60,000, including that for $35,712.68 to the Bank of North
Carolina. The deed of trust of April 30. 1867, conveyed all
Solomon Pool
President Pool. 9
the property of the University, including about 1,000 acres at
Chapel Hill and a tract of land in Buncombe County acquired
by escheat, the extent of which was unknown.
The land grant of 240,000 acres contracted to be sold by the
former Board for fifty cents an acre to G. F. Lewis and his
associates, Fisher, Boothe & Co., could not be used to pay debts.
Congress had forbidden the location of this land until the State
should be admitted into the Union by Act of Congress. By
the terms of the contract, if the location should not be allowed
by the 4th March, 1869, the sale would be void, in which event
it was thought a better price, probably one dollar an acre, could
be obtained.
I will now describe the several members of the Faculty,
appointed by the Executive Committee in pursuance of author-
ity granted by the Board.
The New Faculty.
In filling up the Faculty the Executive Committee looked
first for a President. It was clear that the question of party
must be a primary consideration. Rev. Mr. Doherty alleged
his loyalty to the Union and to Republican principles, and his
services, in the Union Army, in addition to his scholarship, as
qualifications for a Professorship, or the Presidency. The
choice fell on Rev. Solomon Pool, afterwards D.D.
Solomon Pool, born in Elizabeth City, the new President, and
Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, was a second
honor graduate of this University in 1853. He was then Tutor
of Mathematics until 1861, when he was made Adjunct Profes-
sor. In 1866 he obtained leave of absence in order to accept the
more lucrative post of Deputy Appraiser, the Trustees stipulat-
ing 'that they would not be bound to reemploy him when this
office should end. He was a brother of Senator John Pool. Mr.
Pool's political animus was shown in a letter written January
23, 1868, transmitting a draft of a proposed Article in the Con-
stitution on Public Education. He charged the University with
being governed by the aristocracy and family influence. He
urged that "it should be thoroughly loyalized. Better close it
than have it a nursery of treason, to foster and perpetuate the
io History of University of North Carolina.
feeling's of disloyalty. Let the present Board of Trustees be
superseded by a loyal Board, and the University will be a bless-
ing, instead of a curse.'' Although narrow in his views he was
a man of decided ability and a good writer. His reports and
an article published in the newspapers, entitled "The University
and the Public Schools," show thoughtfulness and literary
power, but at the time of his election he had no State reputation.
The Professor of Mathematics, Alexander Mclver, a native
of Moore County, was a first honor graduate from this Univer-
sity in 1853. After serving as Tutor of Mathematics in his
Alma Mater for a few months he distinguished himself as a
Principal of an Academy in Wadesboro, and then as Professor
of Mathematics at Davidson College. In his application he
laid stress on the fact that he was the only Republican at that
College and was virtually threatened with dismissal if he should
vote for President Grant. He was a hard-working, able and
upright man. He was afterwards honored with the post of
State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
The Professor of the Greek Language and Literature, Fisk
P. Brewer, was in the Class of 1852, one of the best scholars at
Yale LJniversity ; was, when elected, Principal of a school for
the colored at Raleigh, founded by Northern charity. He had
studied in Athens, Greece, was Tutor of Greek at Yale, had
strongest testimonials from President Woolsey, Professor
Dana, and others. Was for one year a Professor in Beloit
College. He was a brother of Judge Brewer, of the Supreme
Court of the United States. His father was Rev. Josiah
Brewer, missionary to Turkey, and his mother was sister to
David Dudley Field and other eminent men. A contemporary
letter to the newspaper says that he ruined his usefulness by
boarding with a negro for a short while after reaching Chapel.
Hill. It was alleged too that he invited negroes to his house
when teaching a colored school in Raleigh.
David Settle Patrick, nephew of Judge Settle, a native of
Rockingham County, had been Principal of a school in
Arkansas. He was a graduate of this University in 1856. His
title was Professor of the Latin Language and Literature. He
bad not gained reputation as a classical scholar.
The New Faculty. i i
James A. Martling, Professor of the English Language and
Literature, was a resident of Missouri, a brother-in-law of Su-
perintendent Ashley, and was recommended by him. He seemed
to have been a man of good parts, but made no permanent im-
pression while in North Carolina. He graduated at the best
colleges in Ohio and had been Principal of high schools.
George Dixon, Professor of Agriculture, was from York-
shire, in England, a Quaker. He lectured on Chemistry,
Botany, and Theoretical Farming and undertook to prepare a
model farm. He was elected in consequence of the duty of the
University to carry into effect the Land Grant Act of 1862 and
seemed to be proficient in his department. He obtained leave
in 1869 to visit his native land, the North of England, and
promised to bring chemical tables such as are used in that
country in agricultural institutions, of one of which he was
President. He wished, he said, to promote the immigration of
capital to North Carolina. He never returned to Chapel Hill.
Professor Patrick was Bursar, Professor Martling Secretary
of the Faculty, and Professor Brewer Librarian.
The President and Professors were all Republicans. It was
generally understood that applications from those not Republi-
cans need not be sent in. Rev. C. S. Alexander requested a
place on the Faculty, but withdrew his application when he
found that the treasury was empty. He wrote that he had
always been loyal to the Union, and asserted that to his knowl-
edge the soldiers in Barringer's Brigade were for peace, not-
withstanding that under compulsion they had passed resolu-
tions breathing war. He was probably a chaplain in the
brigade and gave this information in order to ingratiate him-
self with Governor Holden, to whom his letter was addressed.
A communication was read from Rev. William H. Doherty,
embodying a scheme of reorganization. He was educated at
Belfast Institute and had very high recommendations from its
professors. He preached for several years in Ireland as a
Presbyterian. Embracing Unitarian principles he resigned his
pulpit and emigrated to the Umited States. He was at one time
a chaplain in the United States Army and then Assistant Quar-
termaster and obtained the rank of Captain. He was for
12 History of University of North Carolina.
awhile Principal of Graham College. His scheme was elab-
orate, drawn up in excellent style, but required generous ex-
penditures of money.
An application from an alumnus of the University, who
thought to make himself acceptable to Governor Holden by
proving, so to speak, that he was a follower of the Vicar of
Bray, is on file. When at school he had notions of politics, but
now he sees it all is foolishness. He would be willing for any
party to rule, provided the country prospered. He was a
Methodist but tolerated all other denominations much more
than formerly. During the war he was Principal of a High
School and was befriended by Republicans and Democrats. "I
was considered simply a literary man, belonging to no party.
The same may be said of me regarding religion." He then
naively asks that in case he can not get a Professorship, the
Governor will get him a place in the Revenue Department.
Never was a character so thoroughly misunderstood. Governor
Holden was an uncompromising party man. No "Doubting
Thomas" could please him. The bitterest political enemy could
become his friend by joining his party.
It was not long before there was great unrest in the Faculty.
It was the old quarrel which in the Acts of the Apostles divided
the pure blood and the Grecian Jews. The Professors from
abroad complained that they were neglected in the distribution
of the Treasurer's checks. They went further and opined that
being strangers they should have the preference, but this claim
was decided to have no merit. On the contrary President Pool
was paid $1,500 for the first year and the others, some a
fourth, others a fifth, of that amount.
Resources and Lawsuits.
The funds to make these payments came from a loan nego-
tiated with the Board of Public Instruction mainly on pledge
of bonds belonging to the Land Scrip Fund. Of course this
was illegal, but was overlooked by the General Assembly as
the Faculty were really suffering. Moreover there was a bare
chance that the University might have a windfall in the shape
of an escheat, or a State appropriation.
Litigation. 13
On motion of Judge Cantwell a committee of three was ap-
pointed to inquire into the legality of the debts secured by the
deed of trust of April, 1868, and all other alleged debts, with
power to employ counsel. The committee was composed of the
mover and Judges Reade and Tourgee.
Ex-Judge Cantwell, chairman, reported that in the opinion
of the committee the University was not legally or equitably
bound to pay the debt due the bank, for the reason that the
University was a corporation of specified powers and that,
while it could subscribe for the bank stock if possessed of the
cash, as an investment, it could not buy on credit. Such pur-
chase was mere speculation and therefore void. The Cameron
and Swain debts should be scaled according to the Act of the
Assembly, establishing a scale of depreciation for the settlement
of debts contracted during the war. These debts really were
incurred in 1859.
The strange argument too was suggested but not pressed,
that the University debts were contracted before the Civil War
and due to those who had the status of public enemies. The
laws of war declare such debts were the subjects of seizure and
condemnation. The University with all its properties was
seized and appropriated by the conqueror, and the Constitution
of 1868 divested the title of the former owners and vested them,
free of incumbrance, in the new State authorities. The chair-
man (Cantwell) suggested as worthy of inquiry how far the
present Board of Trustees are bound by these debts any more
than other engagements of their predecessors. He then stated
that the question was not before the committee and they
offered no opinion on this question. I add that the debts of the
"University were incurred before there was any depreciation.
It is difficult to see why the question was not before the com-
mittee. The chairman was evidently unable to procure the
assent of the committee to this enormous extension of the laws
of war to Southern institutions.
It was further resolved that the Executive Committee report
whether any teacher will rent the University buildings and
grounds for five years, on condition that the State shall pay
tuition for countv students. This came to naught. No one
14 History of University of North Carolina.
offered to rent the buildings and the General Assembly failed to
make any appropriation. Indeed it is noticeable that even the
extravagant Legislature of 1868- '69 showed no disposition to
aid the University in any way, although spending money with
lavish profuseness in other directions.
On motion of Judge Tourgee the General Assembly was
asked to amend the charter of the University so as to have two
departments mutually equivalent in all educational facilities,
having the same schools, teachers of equal grade and merit, as
near as may be conferring the same degrees, subject to the same
rules and under the control of the same Board, one for the
whites and one for the colored. Also that there should be
Normal and Preparatory Schools for both colors.
Counsel to defend the University against the claim of the
bank were also authorized. Under this the chairman, ex-Judge
Edward Cant well, and Ed. Graham Haywood were appointed.
The opinion of these counselors that the University was not
legally bound by her subscription to the capital stock of the
bank was ordered to be printed.
With regard to the sale of the Land Scrip, the committee re-
ported that it was fraudulent and should be rescinded. The old
Board of Trustees, as appears from papers on file, desired to
use part of the purchase money for payment of salaries of the
Faculty and other objects. G. F. Lewis, the purchaser, knew
of this illegality and could not enforce a contract tainted with
this fraud. The committee looked on prices with larger eyes
than did the Treasurer. Their claim was that the Scrip was
worth $1.40 per acre, as against $1.00 reported by him ; whereas
50 cents was the value at the time of the sale to the LTniversity.
Before detailing the organization and work of the University
in instruction it is convenient to trace the progress of the liti-
gation under the attorneys, Cantwell and Haywood. They had
reported, as has been said, in an elaborate paper prepared
by Mr. Haywood, that the University was not bound to
pay the bank, because the debt was incurred contrary to law.
To sustain this it was pointed out that under the bank-
charter the stock was to be paid for in gold and silver, and
the bank was prohibited from discounting any paper to
Litigation. 15
which a subscriber's name should be either as principal
or surety, until the whole of such subscriber's stock shall
have been paid. It was contended tbat this mandate of
the General Assembly had been disobeyed because certain citi-
zens, not connected with the University, borrowed the necessary
funds from the bank and lent them to the University. With
this money the University paid for its stock in full. Then the
University borrowed of the bank the same amount, giving the
stock as collateral security and paid off the note signed by the
individuals. This transaction, it was urged, was a plain
evasion of the law.
The attorneys conceived the idea that the proper way to
attack the mortgage of its property to the bank by the Uni-
versity, was for the State of North Carolina to bring suit in
the United States Court. This was instituted, but the Court,
after full argument, decided that it had no jurisdiction, and the
suit was dismissed. The attorneys urged an appeal to the Fed-
eral Supreme Court, but the Trustees declined to prosecute it.
On motion of Chief Justice Pearson, Judges Bond and
Brooks were requested to give their reasons in writing for
their dismissing the suit, and the attorney, E. G. Haywood, was
requested to give to the Board his reasons for considering the
opinion erroneous ; further that the Attorney-General and Jus-
tices Reade and Rodman be requested to examine the subject
and report as to the propriety of taking an appeal.
At the meeting of July 20, 1871, there was no quorum, but
the only Trustees present. Chief Justice Pearson, Justices
Reade, Rodman, and Dick of the Supreme Court, Judge Cloud,
of the Superior Court, and Secretary-Treasurer Lassiter, con-
curred in the advice to take no appeal.
It is presumable that the counsel of the University were of
the erroneous opinion that the Federal Court would take cog-
nizance of the case under the bankrupt law, but lawyers gen-
erally thought the decision against this view correct. Although
the court expressed judicially no opinion as to the validity of
the subscription to the capital stock of the bank, it was under-
stood the learned judges thought the objection was not valid.
It is unreasonable that the University should receive the stock
16 History of University of North Carolina.
which she paid for and then repudiate the debt voluntarily con-
tracted to obtain means of payment. The corporations, if their
charters were broken, might have been punished under quo
warranto, and their officers punished for acting contrary to
law, but certainly innocent stockholders ought not to suffer.
Another objection, that the University did not pay for the
stock in gold and silver but in a draft on New York, was held
untenable, as the draft was equivalent to specie. Nor was the
objection fatal that by borrowing money to pay for the stock
the University was speculating, the charter conferring no privi-
lege to speculate. It was an ordinary business transaction.
The effort by the Secretary and Treasurer, R. W. Lassiter,
to break up the contract with G. F. Lewis, made in 1867, for
the purchase of the Land Scrip, proved equally abortive. Fifty
cents an acre was the true market price at the time of the sale.
Several Northern States sold at the same price, and one for
less. The Secretary of the Interior, Gen. J. D. Cox, of Ohio,,
decided that all Avas regular. The postponement of the loca-
tion by Congress did not deprive the University of the power
of sale. Secretary Lassiter visited Lewis in Detroit, employed
counsel, and spent some time in New York but accomplished
nothing. The fruitless efforts to break up the contract for the
sale cost the University over $500 in counsel fees, besides a
very liberal sum for the expenses of the Treasurer.
By virtue of authority conferred by the Board of Trustees
Mr. Lassiter purchased $40,000 of old North Carolina Railroad
State bonds, $40,000 in new State bonds, not special tax, and
$160,000 in special tax bonds. The old bonds he bought at 51
cents in the dollar, the new bonds 46 cents, and the special tax
50 cents, amounting in the total to $1 19,000. There was much
criticism of the purchase of the special tax bonds as the market
price began to sink at once and went rapidly down until it
became equal to near zero under the Repudiation Act of 8th
March, 1870. As the total amount in the Land Scrip Fund was
$125,000, there was left $6,000 to be subsequently disposed of
by the Board. No interest was paid by the State on either
class of bonds.
Another lawsuit in which the LTniversity was interested was
Litigation. 17
the application by Charles Dewey addressed to the Court in
Bankruptcy for the sale of the University property. The re-
sult of this suit will be shown in narrating the happenings of
the year when the decree was made.
The Trustees were induced by the advice of counsel to bring
suit for lands located in West Tennessee under escheated Rev-
olutionary land warrants granted to the University. As fully
described in Volume I of this history, the Secretary and Treas-
urer (Charles Manly), in conjunction with Samuel Dickens,
and under instruction of the Executive Committee, had sold all
the residue of these real estate interests to Edward Orme and
Alden Gifford, agents of a Boston land company, and reported
the same to the Board, which confirmed their action. The
result of the suit was a signal defeat to the University, the
payment of over $400 in fees and costs and the ill name of
bringing a false claim, contrary to her solemn agreement.
This cost, however, was paid by the Trustees elected in 1874.
The chief attorney of the University in this case was ex-
Judge Robert R. Heath, who emigrated to Tennessee after the
Civil War. He agreed to accept a contingent fee of one-half
the recovery. After this was discovered by his associate
counsel, S. W. Cochran, he called Judge Heath's attention to
the fact that such fees were illegal under the laws of Tennessee
and subjected the offender to being disbarred — the offense be-
ing called champerty. The Judge was greatly troubled, as
was shown by his repeated and urgent requests that all his let-
ters in relation to this suit should be sent to him, and by earn-
est arguments to show that his action did not come within the
purview of the law. It was in his favor that the evidence was
in North Carolina, among the University papers. At any rate
he was not prosecuted and died soon afterwards.
There was afterwards much consultation about bringing
other suits, but it was wisely concluded that, whatever difficul-
ties there were in the titles of many tracts, the University had
no claim, having parted with its rights.
1 8 History of University of North Carolina.
We will now see how the University prospered under the
new regime.
Mr. Lewis P. Olds, who declined the Presidency, recom-
mended that there be six Professors to be paid $9,500 per
annum. He predicted that "grown gray with years and sacred
by the genius of numberless alumni the University halls should
speedily resound with the step and voice of youths — and the
fountain now dry be made to send out refreshing streams of
other days." But alas ! the $9,500 was not obtainable. Even
if it had been poured into the University treasury, the inten-
sity of disapproval of the new organization on the part of
parents able to send students to the University, would have
caused a failure.
There was no income for the first year from the $125,000
Land Scrip money because of the futile efforts to rescind the
contract, and the nonpayment of interest by the State, such
payment enjoined by the Act of Congress of 1862.
Owing to the empty treasury a new scheme was devised.
The President and Professors were to trust to tuition receipts
for their salaries. Promise was held out to apply to the Gen-
eral Assembly for relief. The Faculty heretofore described
was made up on this slender foundation.
The State Geologist, Dr. W. C. Kerr, was looked to for
Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology.
Government and Curriculum.
The old plan of government was adopted for the present but
a committee of the Faculty was appointed to examine the re-
ports of institutions of this country and Europe and suggest
changes.
The salary of the President was fixed at $2,000 a year, and
$120 house rent, that of the Professors at $1,500 per annum and
house rent.
The committee reported that in order to constitute a Uni-
versity in reality, as well as in name, there should be "the
University system," viz. : (1) Instruction by lectures ; (2) Free
choice of studies; (3) Liberty to graduate in any school; (4)
Independent character of the Schools. The following chairs
Government and Curriculum, 1868. 19
or departments of instruction were recommended, the chairs to
be filled when the income would justify it:
1. Department of Latin Language and Literature.
2. Department of Greek Language and Literature.
3. Department of Modern Languages.
4. Department of Logic, Rhetoric, Political Economy,
History, Ancient and Modern.
5. Department of Mathematics.
6. Department of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology.
7. Department of Natural and Mental Philosophy.
8. Department of Applied Sciences.
9. Department of Law.
The Faculty agreed to deliver by turns lectures on Mental
and Moral Philosophy, Astronomy, Physiology, Agricultural
Chemistry, and Botany, to be open to members of the Uni-
versity and to graduate students. A Preparatory Department
was constituted, running over four years. It was agreed that
a mark of 75 should pass the student, but the Professor had
power to pass on a less mark. The President was to appoint
a student to take general supervision of the buildings. The
first bell for prayers should ring twenty minutes before sun-
rise. The second at sunrise and should be continued five
minutes.
On June 10, 1869, a report was made of the work of the
first term. The term ran from March 3. There were three
students ranking as Sophomores and seven as Freshmen. The
Sophomores passed examination in Algebra through Equa-
tions of the first degree, 600 lines of the Iliad, nine pages of
Herodotus, sixty-four Odes (2 1-2 books) of Horace and
ninety-two pages of Whately's Rhetoric.
The Freshmen passed on Elementary Algebra through Equa-
tions of the first degree, and the first book of Milton's "Para-
dise Lost." Nothing is said of any other Freshman work. If
they did any the report is lost.
Two other students read six -chapters of Xenophon's Anab-
asis and 844 pages of Georgics. Five studied Bingham's
Latin Grammar through the third declension and four pages of
Whitson's Greek Exercises. All prepared declamations and
essays, and read through the Gospel of Luke, whether in the
20 History of University of North Carolina.
Greek does not appear. The President adds "such labor,
though not an occasion of boasting, is evidence of industry."
The value and interest of the examinations, it was stated,
were greatly enhanced by the presence of Superintendent Ash-
ley. All Trustees were desired to imitate his example.
The degree of Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) was conferred on
Abdel Kader Tenny ; of Master of Arts {A.M.) on James B.
Mason, Prof. D. S. Patrick, Judge Wm. A. Moore, and Judge
Samuel W. Watts. That of Doctor of Divinity on Revs. Neill
McKay and Samuel M. Frost.
Tenney was a student of i863-'6s ; Mason of the Class of
1867- '68, State Senator; Patrick, an A.B. of 1856; Moore, a
student of i848-'5i, a Judge and Speaker of the House of Rep-
resentatives of this State ; Watts a Judge of the Reconstruc-
tion period; Dr. McKay a prominent and influential Presby-
terian minister of Harnett County, and Frost an able and
esteemed preacher of Davie County and then of Pennsylvania —
an A.B. of 1852.
It will be seen from inspection of the report that a consider-
able portion of the students were in the Preparatory Depart-
ment. In Mathematics at least the Sophomores were not equal
to the Freshmen of the present day. A formal order adopted
by the Faculty at the beginning of the next term shows the
heterogeneous character of the attendance. "Students now
reciting with College students may continue work." Also
there were "nineteen entries and no college charges."
At this time the President presented a complete plan for the
reorganization of the University, in order to comply with the
Land Scrip Act of 1862. It was as follows:
I. College of Literature and the Arts.
II. College of Philosophy, Chemistry and Natural
History.
III. College of Science and the Arts.
IV. College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts.
V. Business and Commercial College.
VI. Normal College.
VII. Law.
VIII. Medicine.
Government and Curriculum, 1868. 21
There were no Juniors or Seniors, though to them were
assigned Engineering, Modern Languages, Astronomy, Natu-
ral Philosophy, Rhetoricals ; to Seniors were assigned Engi-
neering, Modern Languages, Intellectual Philosophy, Optionals
and Rhetoricals.
The last word, used as a noun, is new in our University
language. It probably means Rhetoric as taught in the books,
and also theses, declamations, and the like.
For the Normal Department were prescribed : First Year,
Advanced Geography, Chemistry, Natural History, Algebra,
Geometry, Rhetoricals, including Elocution. The other years
are not given.
A plan of discipline was adopted which was a revival of
ancient and obsolete methods. Every Friday afternoon the
Professors reported publicly infractions of the rules. All but
the guilty were ordered to retire. Excuses were then heard
and the offenses graded. Tardiness was marked 1, absences
2, visiting other students or going to the village in study hours
1, being out of one's room after 8 o'clock p. m. 1, scribbling
on the walls 1, spitting on the floor or disorder in the recitation
room 1, indecorum at prayers 2, improper or boisterous noise
in study hours or after prayers 2, other offenses not specified
1 to 10. Offenses repeated or glaring, double or triple the
above penalties. The perfect deportment grade was 100. the
demerits to be taken from this. If there should be 20 demerits
the parent to be notified of the downward steps of his son. if
30 his removal to be requested.
The Monitors were not bound to report other delinquencies
than absences. Each student on entering was bound to sign a
pledge not to disobey but to comply with all the rules, regula-
tions and laws of the University, so far as he was capable,
during his connection with the institution.
We have a report of delinquencies which shows that they
were principally from absences, one charged with eight, two
others with six each, and so on.
Notwithstanding meager numbers there were cases needing
discipline. The old joke of ringing the bell contrary to the
regulations was perpetrated. Four offenders were arraigned.
22 History of University of North Carolina.
There being a deficiency of evidence, a student was called on
as a witness. At first he declined to answer, but, being as-
sured that no penalties would be inflicted, he disclosed the
names of the offenders. These were at once pledged and
pardoned.
Other troubles ensued. One student did "not wish to live
with Yankees," nor pursue the study of Greek. Guthrie
shared this odium towards the divine language and irreverently
affirmed that he had not learned three cents worth the whole
session. Another announced his dislike of Greek though he
did not measure the worth of the language in current coin.
The disaffected were allowed to change to Chemistry, taught
by Professor Mclver.
President Pool reported a new curriculum, as follows :
School of Literature and the Arts : Freshman — Latin,
Greek, Mathematics, and Rhetoricals. Sophomore — Latin,
Greek, Mathematics, Rhetoric, and Rhetoricals. Juniors — His-
tory, optional, Mixed Mathematics, and Rhetoricals. Seniors —
Political Economy.
For the College of Science and the Arts, the Freshmen had
Chemistry, Natural History, Mathematics, and Rhetoricals ;
the Sophomores, Chemistry, Natural History, Mathematics,
and Rhetoric.
The second session, or academic year, opened in the middle
of August, 1869. The number of those entitled to be called
University students was still small.
In January. 1870, there were reported, Sophomores in the
Literature and Art Department, 2 ; Freshmen, 3 ; Senior Preps
(preparatory students), 5 ; Junior Preps, 8.
In the College of Science and the Arts, Freshmen, 3, of whom
one was on probation in Mathematics; Preparatory, 1. In the
Normal Department there were Freshmen 1, and Preparatory
1, and one irregular. It thus appears that there were claimed
to be 9 University students, and 15 Preparatory, with one
irregular. A resolution prohibiting from joining the Univer-
sity those under twelve years of age throws a sidelight on the
proficiency of those whose names were printed. But, while
undoubtedlv a number of these could not rank with Universitv
Some Students of 1869. 25
students there were some good men, whose careers since have
shed honor on their Alma Mater. I instance Col. F. A. Olds,
editor ; Wm. C. Fields, Senator from Alleghany ; Isaac E.
Emerson, wealthy druggist ; Walter H. Guthrie, machinist in
Boston ; George W. Mclver, Captain in the U. S. Army ;
Walter F. Pool, Member of the Legislature ; George W. Pure-
foy, physician at Asheville.
In his report made November 12, 1869, Professor Patrick
complains that the former Bursar, Professor Fetter, had not
turned over to him any of the books or records of his office,
the omission caused admittedly, not by delinquency, but by
careless bookkeeping. He gave a sad account of the depreda-
tions of late on University property. He says that he has been
informed that at the time of the suspension of exercises the
opinion prevailed in Chapel Hill that the University property
belonged to the people. Books were taken from the libraries
and all working utensils abstracted. Some have returned their
borrowing with the request that "no questions be asked," while
others still retain their spoliations under the impression that
"something may turn up."
The efforts to procure Commencement orators were quite
discouraging. Gen. S. C. Abbott, then a Senator of the United
States, one of the officers of the Union Army who made this
State their home, was secured ; Dr. S. S. Satchwell, who always
talked good sense on medical and allied subjects, was invited
but declined. Rev. Dr. Thomas H. Pritchard agreed to preach
a serman before the University, Judge Wm. B. Rodman to
make an address before the two literary societies. Governor
Caldwell, Gen. M. W. Ransom, Attorney-General Coleman, A.
Haywood Merritt, R. W. York, Capt. C. B. Denson, and Rev.
Dr. Willis M. Miller, found it not their duty to prop up the
struggling institution.
An effort was made to give the University a potential influ-
ence among the educational forces of the State by inviting the
teachers to exchange views with regard to having a Normal
Institution at the University. President Pool appointed a
Committee of Correspondence to invite speakers on the subject.
The Convention was not held.
24 History of University of North Carolina.
It is recorded that "it be placed on record that an invitation
to deliver an address had been given to Judge A. W. Tourgee,
which seems to imply that the Judge, or his friends, deemed
that he had been neglected in the distribution of oratorical
opportunities.
President Pool seems to have found one or more members
of the Faculty too free with University property. He there-
fore procured from the Executive Committee an order that no
member of the Faculty can bind the University, and no Pro-
fessor use part of the University property except what has
been assigned him. Professor Patrick protested against the
order.
A catalogue of 1869-^70 was issued. Nominally the students
were fifty-five in number, but it is impossible to ascertain the
facts in regard to their proficiency. The names are in a list in
alphabetical order, those more advanced appearing in the same
column with those in the Preparatory Department. There is
no differentiation of classes. The tradition is that small boys
were accorded places and thus swelled the number. The public
evidently did not accept the number as indicating the pros-
perity of the institution. The catalogue did not delay the
closing of the exercises.
It was stated that lectures had been given to all the students
on the Theory and Practice of Teaching, on the Constitution
of the United States, Astronomy, Philosophy, Physiology,
Botany, and Chemistry. On the whole, doubtless, the Profes-
sors performed their duties as faithfully as the difficulties of
their position allowed.
An entry in the minutes seems to imply that there was some
friction between the President and his staff. This was that
the President may question any member of the Faculty indi-
vidually. This privilege, since the beginning of the University,
has always been exercised without question by the Presidents
as appertaining to their office.
A peculiar arrangement was adopted in the practical work
of instruction. A class was assigned solely to each member of
the Faculty. The President was responsible for the recita-
tions and discipline of the Junior class ; Professor Patrick of
President's Annual Report, 1870. 25
the Sophomores; Professor Brewer of the Freshmen; Profes-
sor Mclver of the Preparatory. Each member of the Faculty
was the medium of communication between his class and the
Faculty as a body.
On November 15, 1870, President Pool submitted his annual
report. He gives the number as 36 who have received instruc-
tion in the Junior, Sophomore, Freshman, and Preparatory
classes of the University. The Juniors had studied three books
of Juvenal, Tacitus, Ancient History, Trigonometry, Analytical
Geometry, Differential and Integral Calculus, and Chemistry.
The Sophomores were engaged in the study of the Odes of
Horace, Homer's Iliad, and Geometry. The Freshmen devoted
their time to Vergil's Georgics and the ^Eneid, Xenophon's
Anabasis, and Algebra. The Preparatory classes studied
Caesar's Commentaries, Bingham's Latin Grammar, Rhetoric,
Whitson's Greek Lessons, English Grammar, Arithmetic, and
Algebra.
Bible instruction was given each Sunday afternoon and occa-
sional lectures on literary and scientific subjects were deliv-
ered before all the students.
Two prizes of $20 in gold were offered to the best students,
but were not to be awarded until the Commencement of 1871,
which was never held. The scholarship of the Collegiate
classes was stated to be good as a rule, as was also of the Pre-
paratory Department. The frequent rumors circulated by the
enemies of the institution were asserted to be not only untrue
but tended to distract the attention of the students, impede
their progress, and render discipline more difficult.
It is noticeable that this report does not give the numbers
in each class. It was generally understood at the time that
there were very few genuine College students, the majority
being what are known as "school boys," or Preparatory stu-
dents.
Professor Brewer's report on the Library was scholarly.
Extracts from it were given in the first volume. The pam-
phlets, about 1,000 in number, were classified and tied into
bundles. Donations were solicited. The whole number of
books added as gifts amounted to over 300.
26 History of University of North Carolina.
On the i st December, 1870, President Pool submitted a plan
for continuing the University, ambitious but impracticable, pro-
viding that a Committee of Trustees confer with the authori-
ties of the colleges of the State, with the view of bringing
them under the State University, they retaining their present
chartered rights and to receive such aid as Colleges of the Uni-
versity as may be agreed upon.
It was further provided that the property of the University
at Chapel Hill be leased, the lessee to give bond for its security
and its safe return at the expiration of the lease. Free tuition
to be given to fifty youths of the State. The leading religious
sects of the State to have representation and party politics to be
excluded. The affiliating colleges to submit reports of their
operations to the Trustees of the University when called on.
The Board of Trustees appointed a committee of three to
carry out the recommendation as to the proposed lease and a
committee of five to confer with the colleges and report to a
subsequent meeting.
The first committee were Rev. James Reed and Messrs.
James B. Mason and Henderson Adams. The committee to
confer with the colleges were President Pool, and Messrs. R.
P. Dick, S. F. Phillips, John Pool, and S. S. Ashley.
The committee on the lease reported on the 1st February that
they doubted the propriety of carrying out the plan under the
laws in regard to the University, and at their request were dis-
charged.
President Pool, on behalf of the Committee on Affiliations,
reported that he had not called the committee together, be-
cause that on the lease had done nothing. (It thus appears that
be had in mind probably the leasing of the University to a
combination of the colleges.') The scheme, however intended,
was plainly chimerical, as the denominational colleges were
wedded to their independent spheres, and it was impossible to
induce them to enter into entangling alliances.
At this meeting was chronicled the donation of a thousand
pamphlets and periodicals by Rev. Josiah Brewer, Missionary
to Turkey, through Rev. Fisk P. Brewer, his son.
On October 5, 1870, Mr. Martling obtained leave of absence.
Financial Condition. 27
Although he hinted at a possible return it was generally felt,
and so it proved, that the leave was perpetual. The entry
on the records was, that "in view of the financial difficulties
we can not refuse consent to any application." It is stated as
late in the session as October 10th that Mr. Martling had not
heard any class during the entire term except the Junior Pre-
paratory in English Grammar ; that he met his classes, assigned
lessons and then left the room, his reason being that the text-
hooks had not arrived. A student would then hear the lesson.
After he left Chapel Hill the other Professors divided his work
among them.
On November 2, 1871, the Treasurer reported that the only
income for 1870 and 1871 was $1,607.53. As there was no
charge for tuition, nothing came in from that source. The
Treasurer further stated that of the amounts due by individuals
only $1,819.96 was collected or could be collected. This could
not be used for present purposes as it was subject to a lien
incurred for bonds to pay the former Faculty, and must be
applied to those bonds. Of the uncollected debts, some were
due by insolvents, some by actual bankrupts, fifty-five bonds
of the City of Wilmington, valued at $4,000 (par $5,000) ;
three Virginia State bonds (par $11,200), valued at $6,600,
and twenty old North Carolina bonds (par $20,000), valued at
$6,000, were hypothecated with the Board of Education for
the payment of salaries to the Faculty and other expenses.
In fine, all the efforts to support the institution resulted in
failure. Appeals for legislative aid were not heeded. When
the General Assembly of i868-'69, Republican by a large
majority, refused to appropriate money for its relief, it could
not be expected that subsequent legislators, of opposite poli-
tics, would be more liberal.
It had now become evident to all that there was no hope of
the University to succeed under existing conditions. The Gen-
eral Assembly still refused to pay interest on any of the bonds
of the State and declared null and void a large portion alleged
to have been fraudulently issued. The Land Scrip Fund was
therefore still unproductive. Nothing could be expected from
28 History of University of North Carolina.
public or private benefaction. A handful of students had
been enticed by the promise of free tuition, but even if they
had paid tuition it would have liquidated only a small fraction
of salary dues. Unable to live on airy promises the Faculty
were resigning. The time was ripe for closing the doors and
ending the experiment.
Newspaper Criticisms.
There was published at this time a poetical satire on the
University as then constituted, particularly pressing the fact of
paucity of students. I give part of it. Any one can guess the
author.
Oh what stupidity,
And Old North State frigidity
Is it that thus refuses,
What Governor Holden chooses
To give us as our quantum suff,
Of Latin, Greek and all such stuff?
The dose is surely small,
The pay no pay at all,
And yet no man will follow it,
Or can be made to swallow it.
Now Fortune's wheel revolving,
Old ties and links dissolving,
The Muses have recorded
That when all the good and great,
Who so long had- served the State,
Were compelled by party hate
To surrender to their fate
And leave the Hall they so long had guarded,
Then was Mr. Pool elate,
And his services rewarded.
With no symptoms of dubiety,
Nor sense of impropriety,
With no misgiving fears,
He claims the vacant chairs,
Assumes the god,
Affects to nod,
And seems to shake the spheres.
It surely is a shame,
And we're very much to blame,
Satirical Poem. 29
That we lose such opportunity
To polish our community,
For there never was a finer
Offered now North Carolina,
To send her sons to college,
To get a little knowledge.
Here's every variety
Of the very hest society,
Among the savants and philosophers.
Some of the faculty can spell
Very well.
Every taste may here be suited
Except where prejudice is rooted.
Why don't they come to college
And get a little knowledge?
While all the Sciences,
Means and appliances
Are lying around loose
To rust out for want of use.
No misplaced economy
Need deter one from Astronomy.
All the ologies,
Taught in all the colleges,
Ancient Latin, modern Greek,
Are going a-begging, so to speak,
And even Electricity
Is in a state of mendicity,
While Geology sits idle with her hammer,
And yet no scholar will give a dollar
For Geography,
Orthography,
And Bingham's Latin Grammar.
We find in the Sentinel newspaper of December 1, 1868, an
eloquent letter, written under the Old Poplar, evidently by
Mrs. Spencer, which touchingly tells the appearance of the
University in those days. "For seventy-five years this Old
Poplar * * * has spread a benignant shade over the gay
throngs that wandered through the Campus, or pressed into
the Chapel in the glorious old days.
"The old tree still stands guard but over grounds that are
now empty and forlorn. The dry grass rustles to my solitary
30 History of University of North Carolina.
footsteps, and a rabbit starts out from yonder tangled and
dying rosebush. I look around and see nothing to disturb the
profound and melancholy stillness. A negro girl in a pink
frock is leaning on the College well and a few of the negro
soldiers are passing in the distance towards the village. The
sun shines down on the Old East and West, the Library halls,
the Recitation rooms ; but the doors are all closed — the place
is haunted. Strong and ineffaceable memories rush unbidden,
and my eyes are dimmed as I gaze on this Niobe sitting thus
discrowned and childless.
"* * * Chapel Hill is the Deserted Village of the South.
Nearly twenty of the best families in the place are leaving and
their houses are standing untenanted and desolate. The busi-
ness of the village is at a standstill, while I am told that no
fewer than six places have been lately established where liquor
is openly sold. Some of our citizens are even now on their
way to California. Some are in Louisiana. Of those whose
names have been public property for years, Judge Battle is
removing his household goods from his beautiful home — dear
to him for twenty-five years, to begin life afresh and leave
behind him the graves of his children. Professor Martin is
in Tennessee, Professor Hepburn is in Ohio, Dr. Hubbard is
in New York, Professor Smith is in Lincolnton, Professor
Fetter is preparing to move to Henderson. Professor Phil-
lips alone has not decided on his new home. These all leave
the houses they have built, the trees they have planted, the
flowers they have tended, the cradles of their children, the
graves of their dead. Governor Swain was more favored in
that he fell on sleep in good time, and rests quietly under the
cedars over yonder."
"Nos patriw fines, et dulcia linquimus arva.
Nos patriam fugimus. * * *
en quo discordia cives
Perduxit miseros! en quels consevimus agros!"
Dr. Phillips soon migrated to Davidson College, and many
citizens, not members of the Faculty, sought new homes. Of
the "Faculty folks" only Mrs. Spencer and her mother re-
Newspaper Criticisms. 31
mained to witness the desolation, the former by her pathetic
and caustic writings for the press to keep glowing the love
of the alumni for their distressed benignant mother.
Of course the friends of President Pool, and of the new
Faculty, did not take tamely the scoffs and sneers, so liberally
bestowed by the friends of the old. An anonymous writer
charged that there was a regular conspiracy formed, "conjur-
ing the demon . of discord, using the infernal incantation of
hypocrisy, falsehood, and envy, in order that the fires of sec-
tional hatred may be let loose over the fairest and most beau-
tiful part of the Southland." "The old University was under
the control of oligarchs. Under Pool's administration it will
have a brilliant career."
Another correspondent of the Raleigh Standard affirmed that
in three months the University under Swain would have gone
to the infernal regions. He attacked the qualifications of the
Presidents and Professors. Swain, when at the University,
was only a few months in the Sophomore class, was then a
lawyer of ''small bore," was always a "split-the-difference"
man. Dr. James Phillips was an Englishman ; was, before
coming to Chapel Hill, President or Instructor in a prepara-
tory school; Dr. Hubbard came from Pennsylvania (should
have been Massachusetts) to the University, may have grad-
uated in a college of little reputation and notoriety. Professor
Fetter was cut out in New York for an Episcopal minister
and was "spoiled in the making." Professor Smith was from
some Northern State and was likely a graduate of a college.
Charles Phillips was a graduate but was the son of a foreigner.
The Professors by improvident acts placed the University
without students and with a $60,000 debt. They did not apply
to the new Board of Trustees for reelection and are all em-
ployed elsewhere, except Dr. Hubbard, who is in Chapel Hill
bracing up his son-in-law (Argo) to curse out and whip those
who don't agree with him. The writer cautiously requests the
public not to mind what Mrs. Spencer writes as she is sister
and daughter of those who have received $75,000 from the
University, nor what Argo says, as his father-in-law, Dr. Hub-
bard, received $50,000. The adherents of the old Faculty
32 History of University of North Carolina.
answered such attacks and carried the war into Africa. A
correspondent, who signed himself "A Student," says that
Pool was for six years a tutor of pure Mathematics and, as
Governor Swain said, because he growled about being tutor,
was elevated to Adjunct Professor. In i860 he had a chance
to accept a collectorship under the United States and held on
to this office six or eight months after being President.
Only one or two of the new Trustees sent sons to the Uni-
versity under Pool. There were only twelve or fifteen from
abroad and they came because free tuition was offered.
Another writer contends that Pool received from the United
States $5,000 a year; two brothers-in-law $1,500 each, and
mother-in-law as postmistress $1,000 a year. The property in
Chapel Hill had greatly depreciated under his Presidency.
Land at tax value of $3,500 had gone to $1,000, and at $2,500
to $500. There were only two students from abroad and they
were relatives of Pool. The praiseworthy statement is made
that leading citizens of Chapel Hill had requested the editors
of prominent papers not to criticise the management harshly
until the efforts should be demonstrated to be a failure, and
they had in vain called on Judge Pearson, Mr. Lassiter and
other prominent Republicans to send their boys to the Uni-
versity.
A third correspondent makes a special attack on Mr. Pool.
"You have seen this beautiful village withering into nothing-
ness through your course ; the inhabitants either compelled to
leave at the sacrifice of all their property, or remaining in
poverty or depression. You have known that the country for
miles around was suffering in the decay of their only market.
You have walked through the streets, where every eye, save
those of your family and political associates, was turned on
you with something of hatred and indignant scorn ; you have
been repeatedly snubbed by your own church members, who
have refused, in view of these things, to hear you preach or to
receive communion with you, and you have stalked on through
it all, impenetrable, in a cold-drawn insensibility, in dumb
gravity of demeanor and undisturbed pride of place as the
President of the Universitv of North Carolina, that might
Proposed Railroad. 33
well bid defiance to the light artillery of wit, or ridicule or
sarcasm."
A leading merchant of his own church urged him to resign,
pointing out the ruin brought on the business men of the town.
His reply was: "I would not resign for $50,000. My course
has never occasioned a regret or self-reproach."
The last correspondent dwells on the evidence of ruin about
the buildings. There was no appearance of care. The room
doors were open, the closet doors carried off, plastering in
South Building had fallen into heaps. An old resident walks
through and grieves, repeopling them with friends, many gone
above long ago. Familiar faces look out of the windows, but
they are in the shadowy past. Everywhere is written Icha-
bod's, "The glory is departed."
Railroad and Commencement.
In 1869 there was a strong effort to obtain a railroad from
the North Carolina Railroad to Chapel Hill. As the Supreme
Court had decided that a corporation could not be aided by the
State, either by direct grant of bonds or by the State sub-
scribing for stock and selling bonds to pay the same, without
first obtaining a favoring vote of the people, another plan was
devised. This was for the State to build the road through
commissioners, with an issue of State bonds to the amount of
$300,000 in order to supply the funds. It was thought that
this avoided the prohibition against the State's issuing bonds to
or for individuals or corporations. Unfortunately for the pro-
moters of this laudable enterprise the commissioners declined
to elect as President the man favored by Governor Holden,
said to be T. M. Argo, but chose Henry C. Thompson instead.
The Governor thereupon refused to sign the bonds. A suit
was instituted by the University Railroad Company against
Holden and the court declared the act unconstitutional. The
first objection w<as that no corporation was created — there were
no grantees to receive the bonds ; second, the proportion of
property tax to capitation tax was disturbed ; and, third, that a
vote of the people was necessary. On the whole it appears to
a plain man that the court regarded itself as guardian of the
34 History of University of North Carolina.
State Treasury and credit and were satisfied with arguments
of very indifferent strength. Judge Reade dissented and es-
sayed to make it plain that the State can, through commission-
ers, undertake a public work and that issuing bonds to pay the
expense is not lending her credit to others. But, right or
wrong, the decision was fatal to the road. Chapel Hill was
forced to wait for many years before obtaining connection
with the great railroad lines of the State.
The Commencement of 1869 was sad and painful to those
familiar with the grand ceremonies of old times. The Trus-
tees were mainly State officers. Governor Holden, Superin-
tendent Ashley, Judge Buxton, Secretary-Treasurer Lassiter,
Judge Rodman, Judge Dick, Judge Settle, Judge Bynum, Judge
Watts, State Geologist Kerr, Judge W. A. Moore, being ten
Trustees, the number required for a quorum were present.
There were seventeen visitors from abroad, it was said, and
twenty-eight all together in the audience, counting children.
At the beginning Superintendent Ashley made an address,
being introduced by his brother-in-law, J. A. Martling. Dec-
lamations followed, the speakers being called out by Mr.
Martling.
On Thursday there were seventy-five whites reported with
about that number of colored people in the galleries. The
chronicle humorously adds, "There was a tremendous crowd
of folks — who did not come." Mrs. Ashley and her daugh-
ter, and Mrs. Judge Buxton were the only ladies from outside
the village. There were two or three Chapel Hill ladies. The
reporter adds that "the members of the Faculty were small men
from President Pool clown. Drop him in the boots of Caldwell
and Swain and while he stumbles about in them, he could not
peep over the top of them. President Pool made the opening
address ; he was very solemn, exceedingly dull and nearly in-
audible. The burden of his speech was 'Support me and my
faculty.' "
But another correspondent has the following to say of the
address of President Pool : "His points were concisely stated,
his diction chaste and elesrant, and many who came to criticise
Commencements of 1869 and 1870. 35
were forced to praise." This account was nearer the truth.
Mr. Pool was a man of decided talent. The description by the
former writer is accurate as to his manner, for his face bore
constantly a melancholy look. His speech was preceded by
an Ode to Dr. Mitchell, probably by J. F. Taylor.
During the morning Governor Holden delivered a carefully
prepared written address, evidently his platform of principles
on the subject of University Education. He said the evil of
the old system was that the children of the great part of the
people were practically excluded from the University. The
present Faculty is calumniated because some are from other
States, forgetting that Caldwell, Mitchell, and Phillips were the
same. Most alumni favor the University as constituted. It
must not be the theater of politics. The professors must be
for the Union. The people will sustain it, "If parents who
possess means will not send their sons because of prejudice or
resentment towards those who now control, the people will fill
the halls with meritorious young men and maintain and educate
them at the public charge." Both races must be educated and
polls and property taxed for the purpose. The whites must be
educated at Chapel Hill, the colored elsewhere, but both in one
University. Education knows no color or condition. It must
be free like air and as pervading and universal. It is our
chief want. Before the rebellion no Southern State had a
more successful system than North Carolina, no State had more
colleges and academies. If we fail to educate, the immigration
will go elsewhere and the penitentiary and jails will be crowded.
Practical education will develop our resources.
In the afternoon, William Blount Rodman, a first honor grad-
uate of 1836, Judge of the Supreme Court, delivered the
University address. He was introduced by Mr. Walter Scott
Guthrie, one of the undergraduates. He spoke in favor of
establishing the University. "His arguments were too deep
and strong to be reached by outline." He urged all with
State pride to carry out the schemes of Caldwell, Mitchell, and
Gaston. He was calm, conciliatory, and rational.
The Commencement of 1870 was held June the 8th and 9th.
Col. John H. Wheeler delivered an address on "The Past,
36 History of University of North Carolina.
Present, and Future of North Carolina." The chronicle states
that it was most favorably received by the audience. The
music was furnished by the Fayetteville brass band. At eight
o'clock in the evening there were declamations by James T.
Lyon, Charles J. Suggs, Milton V. Andrews, Charles J. Dor-
land, and William P. Lyon. The last named and Andrews
were pronounced to be the best speakers.
On Thursday, United States Senator, Gen. J. C. Abbott, de-
livered the annual oration. . His subject was "The Value of
Correct Thinking and the Necessity of Accuracy in Scholar-
ship." It was pronounced to be able and eloquent.
Original speeches by students came in the afternoon. They
were : Archie B. Holton on "Enthusiasm," John H. Pitts on
"Intemperance," John Q. A. Wood on "North Carolina," Wil-
liam C. Fields on the "Men of the Hour," Walter H. Guthrie
on "Mirabeau," W. P. Overman on "Justice May Sleep but
Never Dies." The annual report was then read, followed by
an oration by Walter F. Pool on "Washington."
James F. Taylor, of Raleigh, followed with an elaborate
paper on President Swain, Dr. Mitchell, and Dr. James Phil-
lips.
Tfie North Carolina Historical Society.
Professor Mclver was elected temporary President, Robert
W. Lassiter clerk, and Messrs. Patrick, Martling, and Taylor
a committee to report permanent officers. The President re-
ported was Col. J. H. Wheeler. The Vice-Presidents were
Governor Holden, Lieutenant-Governor Caldwell, President
Pool, Judge W. A. Moore, Nereus Mendenhall, Judge W. H.
Battle, Gen. Thomas L. Clingman, Dr. S. S. Satchwell, Editor
W. J. Yates, President B. Craven, E. F. Rockwell, Palemon
John, and ex-Governor D. S. Reid. The Secretary and Treas-
urer was Prof. Alexander Mclver. All Trustees were made
members ex officio. The following were made honorary mem-
bers : George Bancroft, Alexander H. Stevens, Gen. Daniel
H. Hill. Bishop Thomas Atkinson, Bishop Pierce, Rev. Dr.
Thomas H. Pritchard, Rev. Dr. Neill McKay, Hon. Thomas
C. Fuller, Gen. R. B. Vance, Rev. Dr. George W. Purefoy,
Rev. Dr. B. York, Hon. J. W. Holden, and Mr. Lewis Hanes,
Village School. ^y
Superintendent Ashley, Hon. Curtis H. Brogden, and James F.
Taylor were appointed a committee to procure from Mrs.
Eleanor H. Swain the books and manuscripts claimed by the
society.
It is pleasant to know that during this period there was
at Chapel Hill a flourishing school for the colored which had
the reputation of doing much good. The teacher was Miss
Fannie C. Colver. At its close there was an impressive cere-
mony. Rev. Green Caudle, colored, offered up a prayer. His
fervent supplication for all the people, of all colors and condi-
tions, was deeply impressive and in newspaper language,
"attracted the attention of all present." All seemed to appre-
ciate his devout petitions.
There was not a total stagnation among the whites, not a
total cessation of labors for the uplifting of the young. On
June 20, 1 87 1, was held a Sunday School celebration in the
University Chapel (Gerrard Hall), which was worthy of
Chapel Hill in its best days. On the rostrum were the Rev.
Messrs. Bobbitt and A. D. Betts, and teachers in the school,
Thomas Long, Superintendent, Patterson McDade, and A. S.
Barbee, afterwards Mayor. Rev. Mr. Betts in his prayer made
"a beautiful and effective allusion to the present condition of
the University." Rev. Mr. Bobbitt, then stationed at Chapel
Hill, made an interesting and instructive address. A Bible was
presented to Superintendent Long. Adjournment was then
had to the campus. Hard-boiled partridge eggs were the main
edibles.
On August 7, 1873, the Old Davie Poplar was struck by
lightning. The friends of the University were grieved, as if
it were ominous of the fate of the University, but, although
there was a rent through the bark at least from top to bottom,
the noble tree survived the fiery attack. It was measured and
two feet from the ground was 14 feet 6 inches in circumference.
It was called the Old Poplar, as Governor Mosely, of Florida,
testified, in 1818, when he' was a tutor here. Its shade was
sufficiently abundant in 1793 to shelter the Trustees who
located the buildings. Tradition has it that having eaten their
38 History of University of North Carolina.
humble snack, washed down by the bibulous refreshment usual
in that day, qualified by pure water from the spring to the
south of University Inn, they unanimously declared that it
was impossible to find a more suitable plateau for the future
University.
Mrs. Spencer wrote from under the Poplar a touching and
eloquent letter to the leading Raleigh journal. She then be-
lieved that the lightning would be fatal. I give an extract.
The program over which she memoralizes was in Governor
Graham's Administration, i845-'49.
"I have before me one of three Commencement programs
to read which brings back a gush of warm, sweet, spring air,
crowds the silent Campus with glowing, ardent youth, lights
the halls with the fresh Beauty and Grace that once adorned
them, sends the music of drum and trumpets floating through
the tree tops, and crowns our riven old Poplar again with bud
and bloom. Illustrissimo Gulielmo A. Graham, Armigero,
Carolina: Septcntrionalis Reiptiblicce Gubernatori.
"Can we not see him? Certainly the noblest figure there —
calm, self-poised, and firm, his dark eye glancing over the
crowd, not one of whom but is proud that day of him as a rep-
resentative North Carolinian.
"It is no everyday feeling of affectionate pride in the past,
of pain in the present, of persistent hope for the future of the
once honored University of our State that summons round the
stricken and deserted old Poplar today one scene from the
many it has waved over of glowing hope and glorious pros-
perity."
On November 8, 1873, died a person long associated with
the University at Chapel Hill, a notable and meritorious char-
acter, Miss Nancy Segur Hilliard. She was described in my
first volume and I add only a few items. She was born in
Granville County, a daughter of William and Lucy (Walker)
Hilliard. They removed to Chapel Hill in 181 7. She was well
connected, being related to the Segurs, Pannills, Oteys, and
Jeffreyses. When Mrs. Spencer made an appeal to the alumni
for help for her while in a dying state and for contribution to
Hard Times at Chapel Hill. 39
her burial and the erection of an humble monument to her
memory, an old student wrote advocating the pious scheme.
He said, "We can name a judge, a lawyer, a preacher, and a
doctor who carried weekly from her table a dollar's worth of
ham and biscuit to eat at night. She made more money and
did more work than any one woman in North Carolina." If
those who owed her board would have paid their dues to her
she would have been in comfortable circumstances. Her cook-
ing was excellent, her fried chickens were known far and wide,
their fame being carried by students and transient customers,
as travelers were then called. The drivers of the stages would
give notice afar off, by the music of their tin horns, as to the
number to be provided for, and the meals would be ready and
hot. Notwithstanding that she was not gifted with personal
beauty there were few women in our State more deservedly
popular with all classes than this good hard-working old maid.
I do what I can to keep her memory green. Her heart was
beautiful.
Perhaps no community in the South experienced greater
losses than the village of Chapel Hill during and soon after
the war. The deaths of its sons in battle (thirty-five in num-
ber) were exceeded by none. Depending on the payments by
students and professors, its merchants, mechanics and laborers
had a precarious existence as long as this source of income
was not entirely exhausted. But this dwindled into insignifi-
cance as the numbers of students diminished and professors,
one by one, departed to seek new homes. And then came the
death of President Swain, the exodus of the remaining profes-
sors and the temporary closing of the institution. For a
short time the doors were reopened but invitations to the
young men of the State were unheeded. Again were the doors
closed and so remained for four years. The receipts of all
dependent on the University were extinguished. Those who
had no private income were forced to leave their homes. The
village lost physicians, merchants, tradesmen, mechanics. It
was called and well deserved the name of the "Deserted
Village."
40 History of University of North Carolina.
Throughout it all, notwithstanding it was evident that suc-
cess was impossible, President Pool held to his office with tena-
cious grasp. So, without duties, supporting his family by the
emoluments of an office in the revenue service, he was still
President of the University, until ejected by a decree of the
court in 1875. His persistency was not in vain. He ob-
tained from the General Assembly the unpaid principal and
interest of his salary, his being a minister of the Gospel and
in financial straits materially aiding his application.
Another effect of the hard times through which the village
passed was the removal of many cottages which had been
built by the landowners for the accommodation of students
of prosperous days, who were unable to procure lodging in the
University Buildings. These cottages were torn down, or
sold, some reerected a mile or so away on the neighboring
farms. Thus disappeared from the map "Pandemonium,"
"Possum Quarter," the "Poor House," "Bat Hall," the "Crys-
tal Palace," and other places dear to the ante-bellum students.
A number of dwelling houses were left tenantless, grim re-
minders of the University's closed doors. Many domiciles,
being rented to families in meagre circumstances, had their
vegetable gardens turned into cotton fields, and where the
growth of the plant was dwarfed by the proximity of lordly
trees many of these were felled and converted into firewood.
One tenant, a Frenchman, used a room which had been the
chamber of a popular young lady for a chicken coop.
The losses were not confined to the village. The neighbor-
ing farmers lost the sale of their produce ; the farmer's wife
of her poultry, her eggs, and her butter. The financial blight
was widespread.
Of course the patronage formerly belonging to the Univer-
sity was diverted to North Carolina colleges, or elsewhere.
Many a youth at greater expense wended his way to the Uni-
versity of Virginia, to Princeton, Cornell, Yale, or Harvard.
Others remained at home or went into business.
The buildings of the University were not in the best of
condition when President Swain died. The deterioration, after
they had been tenantless for several years, was pitiful. There
Suspension. 41
were cases of wanton mischief, there were many more of care-
lessness and neglect. Many valuable books were scattered,
many a valuable piece of apparatus handled to its injury by
unskillful hands.
The greatest depredation was on the woodland of the Uni-
versity, peculiarly liable to suffer near a village where the
guardianship of the owner has been withdrawn, still more cer-
tainly when the forest belongs to a public institution.
Closing of the Exercises.
The responsibility of making the motion to suspend the exer-
cises until further orders was taken by Rev. James Reid, of
Franklin, at a meeting of Trustees December 1, 1870.
Sensible action was taken in cutting off salaries of all the
Faculty from February 1, 1871. Mr. James A. Graham's mo-
tion made November 20, 1870, fixed the date December 1, 1870,
but the later date was adopted on motion of Mr. James B.
Mason. The record does not show that the President was ex-
cepted, but he contended to the contrary.
Secretary-Treasurer Lassiter and the Trustees residing at
Chapel Hill were instructed to provide for the preservation of
the University property. The Treasurer was ordered to take
steps for paying the Board of Education for its loan and settle
with the Faculty, but no means was placed in his hands. A
resolution having in it something of the pathetic was that the
Treasurer pay Professor Martling one hundred dollars to en-
able him "to return to his home." The money was raised and
Mr. Martling left the State.
The members of the Executive Committee elected by the
Trustees in 1870 were Rev. Dr. Xeill McKay, Judge E. G.
Reade, and Dr. Wm. D. Whitted. The members of the Board
of Education, viz., Tod R. Caldwell,. Governor ; Curtis H.
Brogden, Lieutenant-Governor ; Wm. H. Howerton, Secretary
of State ; John Reilly, Auditor ; David A. Jenkins, Treasurer ;
Silas Burns, Superintendent of Public Works ; Alexander
Mclver, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and Tazewell L.
Hargrove, Attorney-General, were the other members of the
Executive Committee. It is an interesting: fact that Auditor
42 History of University of North Carolina.
Reilly was one of the six hundred who made the desperate
cavalry charge, at Balaklava, immortalized by Tennyson.
Of the Committee thus constituted Messrs. McKay, Reade,
Whitted, Brogden, Howerton, Reilly, Jenkins, and Burns were
not North Carolina University men and at least six of them had
not attended any university or college. Only Messrs. Caldwell,
Mclver, and Hargrove were alumni of this University — three
out of eleven. No reflection is intended on the faithfulness
of any one by this statement, but it is in accordance with
human nature that keener interest is held and more effective
work performed by the alumni of the institution than by
others. Having more intimate knowledge of its past they
know its needs and are more energetic in supplying them. Bet-
ter work is done by men when their hearts are in it.
At the annual meeting Treasurer Lassiter made an elabo-
rate report, initiating no new measures, in general terms ex-
patiating on the importance of reopening the University under
good auspices, but confessing the hopelessness of success.
There was no income. There were some claims of land in
Tennessee, he said, to which the bar of the Statute of Limi-
tations was effectually pleaded.
On the whole, Mr. Lassiter's jeremiad led to no tangible
result. The Board showed its want of appreciation of his
labors by cutting down his salary to three hundred dollars
and electing Dr. W. S. Whitted, of Henderson County, in his
place. Mr. Whitted appears, however, not to have accepted
the post and Mr. Lassiter continued to act.
Another pursuit after the ignis fatnus of Tennessee lands
was inaugurated. The attorney selected was Hyams T. John-
son, of Humboldt, Tennessee, but nothing was done in conse-
quence, possiblv for want of retaining fee. A shadowy claim
for an escheat in England was likewise investigated, fruit-
lessly of tangible results.
A claim, which seemed to have more hopefulness was in-
quired into by an able committee, at the head of which was
Hon. Samuel F. Phillips, afterwards Solicitor-General of the
United States. This arose under the will of Robert Donald-
son, a wealthy resident of Hyde Park, New York, a graduate
Efforts to Resuscitate the University. 43
of this University, once a resident of Fayetteville. After him
Donaldson Academy was named. He bequeathed a handsome
amount to the University, to a large extent disinheriting his
children, because, it is said, they joined the Roman Catholic
Church, whereas he was a strict Presbyterian. It was found
on investigation that the will was fatally defective under the
laws of New York.
The Trustees made a fortunate decision in regard to a
request for donation of land at Chapel Hill. The School Com-
mittee of Chapel Hill, Morgan Closs, W. H. Bunch, and
H. C. Andrews, made application to the Board for two acres
on the Pittsboro Road, next to the lot known as the Hubbard
lot, to be used for a school for the colored. It was stated
that it was distinctly understood that divers persons, friendly
to education, would make liberal contributions for the erection
of a schoolhouse. The Board declined to make the donation
because the land was covered by mortgage. The lot so ap-
plied for is now covered by pleasant residences occupied by
white families, and the village school for the whites is located
in the same neighborhood. That for the colored is in a part
of the village inhabited by citizens of that race.
Ineffectual Efforts to Resuscitate the University.
On January 16, 1871, the Faculty had a meeting, President
Pool absent. Professor Mclver offered a resolution, stating
that no member of the Faculty desired to be in the way of the
resuscitation of the University, and that it was evident that
the present force did not have the confidence of the public.
Professors Mclver and Patrick voted in the affirmative and
Brewer in the negative.
Professor Mclver, who had a full share of Scotch tenacity,
on October 17, 1872, offered a resolution to secure a full reor-
ganization of the Faculty. The preamble recites that the Pres-
ident and Professors elected by the Executive Committee on
January 1, 1869, had failed to make the University acceptable
to the people of the State, the exercises of the institution have
been suspended for two years, and the President and Profes-
sors have engaged in other pursuits.
44 History of University of North Carolina.
The chairs of the members of the Faculty were then to be
declared vacant, and the best qualified were to be elected to
take their places "without any reference to political party." It
was found that nothing could be done. A committee was ap-
pointed to confer with leading alumni and ascertain the terms
on which they would come to the relief of their Alma Mater.
This led to no tangible result.
But for the help of the Board of Education the institution
would have come to an untimely end sooner than it did. In
1869, $6,000 was borrowed from the Board, largely on pledge
of State bonds; in 1870, $7,691.15, making a total of $13,-
697.60. Payments on this debt were as follows: In 1873,
$1,424.50; in 1874, $1,070; total, $2,494.50, leaving $11,203.
But the Board claimed interest on the loans, making a total
debt of $17,296.10. As the North Carolina bonds belonged to
the Land Scrip Fund, it was really unlawful to pledge them,
but there was no public criticism of the transaction. In 1875
the General Assembly concluded to restore the principal of the
Fund.
An effort was contemplated at this time to obtain relief from
the mortgage to the Bank of North Carolina. Action was be-
gun in State Courts. Attorney-General Hargrove and Super-
intendent Mclver were appointed the committee to act with the
Governor to secure this end. The movement led to no result.
An adjourned meeting on the 13th February, 1873, was
agreed to, with the intent to consider means for resuscitation of
the University. In the meantime Superintendent Mclver was
instructed to memorialize the General Assembly in relation to
the Land Scrip Fund with the view to procure payment on
interest on the bonds. The request met with no response.
At this meeting, the last, as appears by the minutes of the
Board, no steps were taken to revive the institution. Mr. Ed.
Graham Haywood was heard in advocacy of the legality of the
suit, dismissed for want of jurisdiction by Judges Bond and
Brooks, and the committee heretofore appointed on the subject
were authorized, if they deemed it advisable, to appeal to the
Supreme Court of the United States.
This suit, as has been explained, was in the name of the
Efforts to Resuscitate the University. 45
State in the Federal Court to set aside the mortgage to the
bank and declare the debt void. Lawyers generally thought
that Air. Haywood's eloquence and learning were exerted to
prove a legal absurdity.
In July, 1873, there was held, at the instance of the State
Board of Education, a State Educational Convention in which
the resuscitation of the University was discussed. Hon. B. F.
Moore was President. The Vice-Presidents were Rev. Dr.
Braxton Craven of Trinity College, Professor Stephens of
Peace Institute, Judge D. A. Barnes, and Dr. S. S. Satchwell.
The secretaries were Professors O. W. Carr and John E.
Dugger.
On motion of Dr. Craven a committee of three was ap-
pointed to report: (1) On the school law; (2) the University;
(3) Normal Schools; and (4) on a permanent organ of the
Convention. He was then called on for an address, which he
delivered in good style and with his usual thoughtfulness and
ability. He chose as his subject, "The Teacher." He was fol-
lowed by the Rev. Mr. Doub. Major Robert Bingham then
gave an excellent lecture on "Our University." He was fol-
lowed by Rev. Dr. Wingate. A committee on the University
was appointed, composed of Rev. Dr. N. McKay, Rev. A. W.
Mangum, Mr. J. H. Mills, Mr. J. G. Elliott, and Mr. J. M.
Love joy.
Dr. McKay reported a' resolution that the revival of the
University at the earliest practicable moment is essential to the
thorough improvement of the education of the people. It was
supported by Messrs. Lovejoy and Wingate. Dr. Craven ex-
pressed himself in favor of a University provided that it should
be not in name only and no better than a college. It should be
fit to send out broad, highminded men. All denominations too
should be represented.
Dr. Thomas H. Pritchard agreed with Dr. Craven that all
denominations should be represented. That to which he be-
longed, the Baptist, by far the largest in the State, had never
been represented. The institution should be administered on
fair and just principles.
This speech aroused Rev. A. W. Mangum, who alleged that
46 History of University of North Carolina.
the Methodists were just as numerous as the Baptists. He
contended that the Methodists should have representation.
The Board of Trustees should be fair. Mr. J. W. Norwood
agreed with Dr. Mangum, but pronounced his remarks out of
place at this time. The report was then adopted unanimously.
Mr. Thomas M. Argo offered a resolution that the University
should be entirely removed from the field of political and
religious controversy. Mr. Fuller moved its adoption, but Rev.
Joseph M. Atkinson and Judge A. A. McKoy opposed it on the
ground that it was equivalent to discarding the Christian re-
ligion. Mr. R. B. Peebles moved to change "religious" into
"denominational," so that the resolution should read, "In the
opinion of this convention the early revival of the University
and establishment in a position of dignity and usefulness is
impossible unless upon a basis entirely impartial in denomina-
tional and political representation." This passed unanimously.
Superintendent Mclver induced a number of the Trus-
tees to invite a meeting of the Alumni Association of the
University in the Senate Chamber on the 1st of February,
1873, with the object of devising means for the revival of the
University. The invitation was accepted, fifty-five being in
attendance, among them Mr. B. F. Moore, Judge Battle,
Judge Pearson, Col. Daniel M. Barringer, General Clingman,
Judge Rodman, Governor Caldwell, Hon. S. F. Phillips, Judge
Dick, Col. W. L. Saunders, Messrs. William and Robert Bing-
ham, Professor Mclver, Judge Gilmer, Judge McNeill, Mr.
K. P. Battle, and others of like weight in the community.. Mr.
B. F. Moore was called to the chair. Justices E. G. Reade and
Nathaniel Boyden were elected honorary members.
Judge Battle's motion that a committee of five be appointed
to confer with the committee of Trustees, who had been ap-
pointed and had called this meeting, was concurred in and the
chair appointed Messrs. W. H. Battle, W. A. Graham, R. M.
Pearson, and R. P. Dick, and the chairman was added by vote
of the alumni. Adjournment was then had until next after-
noon.
The committee, through its chairman, made a long report,
dwelling on the importance of the University to the State and
Letter of Superintendent McIyer. 47
the good that it had done in the past, on the necessity of
freedom from party politics and sectarian influences, and con-
cluding that there should be an entirely new Faculty and new-
Board of Trustees. To this end it was proposed that the
appointment of Trustees should be in the hands of the Alumni
Association, whose love for the University would always make
them act for its best interests. Let the Alumni Association
nominate and, as the Constitution requires, let the Board of
Education appoint. To effect this let the present Trustees re-
sign their places.
There were three objections to this scheme, understood to be
that of Superintendent M elver. These were : First, the at-
tempt to procure the resignation of the Trustees ; second, the
necessity of the Board of Education acting as dummies and
appointing the nominees of the Alumni Association ; third,
being founded on comity and not on law, it could not be ex-
pected to continue long in working order. There was no
formal appeal to the Trustees to surrender their posts. Noth-
ing further was heard of the reorganization.
In order to be perfectly fair towards the "Pool Administra-
tion," I give the following letter from Professor Alexander
Mclver, who told the truth as he saw it:
CinorocK, N. C, June 4, 1900.
Hox. Kemp P. Battle.
My Deab Sir: — At your request, I give my recollections of the
University under the Trustees of 1868.
When Mr. Dewey, assignee of the State Bank, gave notice to Gov-
ernor Caldwell of his purpose to sell the University buildings, etc.,
under the mortgage to the bank, the Governor requested me to see
Mr. E. G. Haywood and get him to attend to the case. I called to see
Mr. Haywood at his home and requested him to attend to the case, in
the bankrupt court. He asked: By whose authority do you make
the request? I answered, By the authority of the Trustees of the
University. That Governor Caldwell as president and I as secre-
tary of the Board of Trustees thought that the suits which he had
brought for the University contained the defense which should be
made in the bankrupt suit, and that, if he would defend that suit,
it would terminate his legal services in the suits which he had
brought. He agreed to this and did attend to the bankrupt suit
without any additional fee. He gained the case, and by the decision
48 History of University of North Carolina.
made by Chief Justice Waite he gained what he had sued for, to
wit: the release of the University property from the mortgages
which the old Board of Trustees had placed upon it.
Besides relieving the University property of its mortgages, the
Trustees of 1868, in a meeting held in the Executive Office, declared
their willingness to resign if the Alumni Association of the Univer-
sity would come to the relief of the University and aid in reorganiz-
ing it, by naming a Board of Trustees to be appointed by the State
Board of Education, that would restore patronage and confidence.
Only four or five of the present Trustees gave their assent to this.
Others did not answer. Senators John Pool and General Abbott and
Judge Settle voted against it. Chief Justice Pearson made a very
able and patriotic talk in favor of it and carried it by a large
majority.
The Alumni Association met in the Senate Chamber, Hon. B. F.
Moore, president. The offer of the Trustees of the University was
made to them by the secretary of the Trustees. It was received
with the utmost good will and a favorable response was given: that
they would do all in their power to revive the University and restore
it to public favor.
The State Educational Association, of which your honored father
was president, and which he pronounced the ablest body of men that
ever assembled in North Carolina, gave its most cordial support to
the University. It was the spirit of good will coming from all these
sources that breathed upon the dry bones of the University and
made them live. These movements all terminated in the larger
movement to restore the University by Constitutional Amendment.
But they all had their uses as essential parts of the revival in 1875.
But for the action of the Trustees of 1868 in preventing the sale of
the property it might have passed into private hands. But for the
movements of all parties to restore it, it would have become heavy
on the public.
The Trustees no doubt made a sad mistake in electing a Faculty
in 1869, and attempting to start the University at a time of so much
political excitement and prejudice. The Faculty themselves saw this
mistake, and, not willing to hold their places without suitable
patronage, tendered their resignations and relinquished more than
half their salaries which had not been paid. The Trustees wishing
to retrieve their mistake so far as they could, accepted their resig-
nations and closed the University in 1870, and left the different
members in the houses which they occupied upon the condition that
they would protect the property of the University. The Trustees
themselves shortly afterwards offered to resign as Trustees if the
Alumni Association would restore it to confidence and good will.
But they took care of the property and turned it over to their suc-
cessors under the Constitutional Amendment, redeemed, regenerated,
Debt to Bank of North Carolina. 49
and disenthralled, as Governor Caldwell assured your father in the
Convention of 1873 he would do. The great fact to be emphasized
is: that good will toward the University from all parties is what
restored the University in 1875.
With utmost respect,
Alex. McIver,
Ex-Superintendent of Public Instruction and
Secretary of the Board of Trustees of 1868.
A few comments are made on Professor Mclver's state-
ments. The decision of the Court did not "release the Uni-
versity property from the mortgages." It cleared only such
property as was essential to the life of the University as a
State institution.
It remained for the new 1874 Board to obtain a decree
defining this exempted property. They succeeded beyond ex-
pectation, by the liberality of the Court, as will be seen here-
after. The McIver Board had no part in this. The Professor
lays stress on the fact that the old Board had mortgaged the
University property. But even if they had not done so the
creditors would have obtained a judgment at law, which would
have bound the property as strongly as the mortgage. The
movement to induce the Trustees of 1868 to resign proved to
be chimerical. It led to no result. A majority of the Trustees
did not resign. They refused their consent to hold their places
in trust for the nominees of the Board of Education. Xor did
the friends of the University offer any pecuniary support.
There was a settled conviction that the absence of the assent
of a large majority of the Trustees of 1868 was equivalent to
a defeat of the plan. A change of the Constitution giving the
appointment of Trustees to the General Assembly, instead of
to the Board of Education, was imperatively necessary to the
revival of the University. In this movement many leaders of
both political parties, Professor McIver included, cooperated.
When the mortgage to the bank was executed it was thought
to be for the advantage of the University to carry into effect a
compromise by which the debt to the Bank of North Carolina
was reduced three-fourths, from $90,000 and interest to
$25,000 in gold, or $35,700 in currency. It was hoped that
50 History of University of North Carolina.
enough could be borrowed to liquidate the indebtedness. Pres-
ident Swain's futile trip to New York was for the purpose of
negotiating the loan. As to the claim that the University's
property was saved by the Board of 1868, it is quite certain
that the Board of 1874 would have brought the question up for
adjudication, if that of 1868 had not anticipated them.
Constitutional Amendment. New Trustees.
Finding that the public demanded a number of amendments
to the Constitution by the method of legislative enactment, the
friends of the University procured in 1871 the passage by the
necessary three-fifths majority of an ordinance taking the
election of Trustees from the Board of Education and giving
it to the General Assembly. This became a part of the Consti-
tution in August, 1873, after a favoring vote by the people and
a two-thirds vote of a second General Assembly.
Public opinion gave the credit of the passage of this measure
through the General Assembly in 1871 to two University
alumni, brothers-in-law, Montford McGehee of the Class of
1841, and Richard C. Badger of that of 1859, the former a
Democrat, the latter a Republican. They united their strength
and influence in behalf of the University and thus secured the
necessary three-fifths and two-thirds majority. The amend-
ment was afterwards incorporated in the Constitution of 1876.
The Assembly determined by Act of January 28, 1874, to
delegate the management to sixty-four Trustees, elected by
joint ballot. Only two of the last Board were reelected — Rev.
Dr. Neill McKay and James A. Graham. Of those deprived
of their offices in 1868 were found on the new Board, William
H. Battle, first elected in 1833; William A. Graham, in 1834;
Charles Manly, in 1838; Bartholomew F. Moore, in 1840; John
Kerr, in 1846; Cushing B. Hassell, in 1848; Walter L. Steele,
in 1852; Paul C. Cameron, in 1858; Rufus L. Patterson, in
1858; Thomas I. McDowell, in 1858; Rev. Dr. Neill McKay, in
1862; Kemp P. Battle, in 1862; David M. Carter, in 1864; Sea-
ton Gales, in 1865.
The new Board first met in the Citizens National Bank in
Raleigh on the 18th February, 1874. William A. Graham was,
New Trustees. 51
on motion of Paul C. Cameron, elected temporary Chairman,
and on motion of W. L. Steele, Wm. L. Saunders was
appointed Secretary pro tempore. A certificate, signed by W.
L. Saunders, Clerk of the Senate, and S. D. Pool, Clerk of the
House, giving the names of the Trustees elected, was read.
The following were present, their names in alphabetical order :
James S. Amis, Kemp P. Battle, Paul C. Cameron, John E.
Dugger, W. T. Faircloth, B. F. Grady, Wm. A. Graham, James
A. Graham, John A. Gilmer, Junior, George Green, Louis Hil-
liard, John Manning, P. B. Means, W. L. Saunders, Walter
L. Steele, fifteen, ten being a quorum. It was then unani-
mously resolved that a committee, of which Mr. Manning
should be chairman, should wait on Gov. Tod R. Caldwell and
request him to preside at the meeting. His Excellency de-
clined, because, in his opinion, the General Assembly had no
power to elect Trustees, but that they should have been nomi-
nated by himself and confirmed by the Senate.
Notwithstanding this rebuff the Board continued its sessions.
On motion of W. L. Steele, Wm. A. Graham was elected Presi-
dent of the Board. Kemp P. Battle was elected permanent
Secretary and Treasurer and authorized to demand of the late
Treasurer all effects in his hands belonging to the University.
William A. Graham, P. C. Cameron, K. P. Battle, John Man-
ning, W. L. Saunders, W. T. Faircloth, and John A. Gilmer
were chosen to be the Executive Committee. The Board by
lot divided the members into four classes, the terms of those
of the first, second, third, and fourth classes expiring on the
30th days of November, 1875, 1877, 1879, and 1881, respec-
tively. The bond of the Secretary-Treasurer was fixed at
$20,000, a sum so large as to suggest the hopes of the Trus-
tees as to future incomes rather than the present bank account.
The next day, on motion of W. A. Graham, Messrs. Steele,
Cameron, and Saunders were appointed a committee to visit
Chapel Hill, and report the condition of the University build-
ings and other property and of the available funds.
Messrs. W. A. Graham, J. J. Davis, and K. P. Battle were
appointed to take steps for bringing the validity of the appoint-
ment of the Trustees to judicial determination.
52 History of University of North Carolina.
Fortunately for the speedy settlement of this question, Sec-
retary and Treasurer Lassiter, being a resident of Granville,
had deposited the seal of the University and the books relat-
ing to his office in the office of Superintendent Mclver. The
Superintendent, being in sympathy with the new Trustees,
readily consented that suit might be instituted against him for
the possession of this property and to expedite the case as much
as possible. Consequently one action was brought against
him and another against President Pool at the May, 1874,
term of Orange Superior Court.
On motion of W. A. Graham, a committee was ap-
pointed to solicit from friends of the University donations
outright or in establishment of scholarships and professorships.
Owing to the declining health of the Chairman this committee
did not report.
Mr. P. B. Means moved that a committee be appointed to
frame a plan of organization, according to the most approved
models. It does not appear that this committee reported.
The following points were made by the defendants against
the validity of the new Board :
1. That the Constitution required that all officers, not other-
wise provided for in the Constitution, should be nominated
by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate.
2. That, as the General Assembly in 1873 voted for twenty-
six amendments, and after publication, as required by the Con-
stitution of 1868, the following General Assembly by a two-
thirds vote submitted to a vote of the people only nine amend-
ments, the provisions of the Constitution of 1868 had not been
complied with. It was contended that the identical twenty-six
amendments should have been submitted to the people or none
at all.
On behalf of the University, Messrs. John W. Graham and
James A. Graham appeared in the Superior Court, refusing to
accept a fee for their services. The Judge, Tourgee, decided
against them and appeal was taken to the Supreme Court at its
June Term, 1874.
In that Court, in June, 1874, Hon. B. F. Moore and ex-
Judge William H. Battle, who had been classmates at the Uni-
Report of Steele Committee. 53
versity, graduating in 1820, argued the question for their Alma
Mater, likewise without charge. At the January Term, 1875,
the decision was for the University on all points.
The possession of the property of the institution was then
surrendered to Andrew Mickle, the agent appointed by the new
Executive Committee, and the seal, books, and papers in the
custody of Superintendent Mclver were turned over to Treas-
urer Battle. Ex-Treasurer Lassiter also surrendered the
bonds belonging to the Land Scrip Fund not pledged to the
Bureau of Education, with the exception of five, which he
had pledged to the State National Bank as collateral security
for a loan to pay his own salary. This latter transaction was
disapproved by the Board, and suit being instituted on the
Treasurer's bond, recovery was duly had.
Report of the Steele Committee.
The next meeting of the Trustees was on April 9, 1874.
Messrs. Fourney George, Mills L. Eure, Thomas D. McDowell,
W. W. Peebles, and John H. Thorpe, who were not present at
the preceding meeting, took their seats.
An elaborate report was submitted, prepared by W. L.
Steele, Chairman. He was a strong man, not used to give
way to his feelings, but in a few words he showed how deeply
he felt at the condition of his Alma Mater.
"In company with P. C. Cameron, on April 3, I visited
Chapel Hill on a special mission given us by the Board of
Trustees to inspect the condition of the prostrate University.
Never shall I forget the sadness that overpowered me when
my eyes fell for the first time upon the ruined spot. It was
akin to that which swells within my bosom when I stand be-
fore the grave of my mother. With dejected hearts we per-
formed the duty assigned us, as well as we were allowed to
by those who were then assumed to be in authority there, and
left inspired with a firm purpose as far as we could to raise
her from the ashes of humiliation and place her once more
upon the elevation from which rude hands hurled her, and
restore her to her ancient prerogative and power."
I abbreviate the rest of the report.
54 History of University of North Carolina.
A written request was made of Dr. Pool for the keys and
possession of the buildings. He declined to surrender their
custody, on the ground that the Governor had refused to recog-
nize the Trustees as lawfully elected, but allowed the com-
mittee the privileges of visitors. Accordingly they inspected
all the buildings, except Smith Hall, the key of which was in
the possession of Mr. James B. Mason, and made a full report
as to their condition. They found that there was need of ex-
tensive repairs. The Dialectic Hall and Library were in good
order. The books numbered 7,490. The Philanthropic Hall
and Library were in worse condition than the Dialectic. The
committee were informed that several hundred of the books
were scattered among the inhabitants of the village, most of
which could probably be recovered; 6,901 volumes were counted
on the shelves.
It may be interesting to our alumni to condense the com-
mittee's description of the buildings as they were in 1874,
eight in number.
1. Person Hall, or "the Old Chapel," 36 by 54 feet, one
story high.
2. The "New West Building," 40 by 114 feet, three stories
in height. It has 14 dormitories 16 by 18 feet, and the Dia-
lectic Society Hall and Library, 36 by 56 feet. It was in a
better condition than any other.
3. The "Old West," 36 by 120 feet, three stories, with
twenty-eight sleeping rooms, 16 by 18 feet, with two halls 30
by 36 feet, lately used by the Dialectic Society for a Debating
Hall and for a Library. Besides some broken sashes and
many window panes, "the lower rooms in the South end were
open, and the passage defiled by the ordure of cattle and
horses." ( This confirms the statement of an old inhabitant
that he had seen horses looking out of the windows of the
Old West.)
4. The Old East is of the same size as the Old West.
Doors were broken, mantels fallen, floors covered with broken
plaster, one floor badly cut with an axe ; all except the outer
walls presenting an aspect of neglect and ruin ; in many fire-
places the iron supporting the arches had been removed.
Report of Steele Committee. 55
5. The New East has a size of 40 by 116 feet, four stories
high. It has twenty-two dormitories, 16 by 18 feet, and the
Debating Hall and Library of the Philanthropic Society, each
36 by 54 feet. It is most illy constructed of all the buildings.
Too much inferior mortar was used, resulting in the falling of
the stucco in some places. Many window panes were broken.
This and the New West were intended to be heated with pipes.
The heating apparatus is in bad condition and must be re-
paired before the winter months.
6. Smith Hall, usually called the Ball Room, has a length
of 122 feet and a width of 35 feet. The committee were told
that the chemical and philosophical apparatus and the cabinet
of minerals were somewhere in this building, but being denied
access to it they could not verify the statement.
7. • The South Building is 50 by 116 feet, with an attic and
belfry. It has twenty-four dormitories, 16 by 18 feet, and
two only 12 by 15 feet. There are two recitation rooms 28
by 36 and three 20 by 30. The front second story room,
known as the Mathematical Room, or, as President Swain loved
to call it, the Philosophical Chamber, was open, evidently by
a key, and some valuable instruments belonging to the Engi-
neering Department were exposed to damage and removal.
The opposite room on the North side, used by the President
for his lectures, was locked. Extensive repairs on doors, win-
dows, plastering and roofs are needed. One exception is the
old Dialectic Hall. The overhead plastering, where are the
gilded name and motto of the Society, look as fresh and
bright as they did over forty years ago.
8. Gerrard Hall, or the "New Chapel," is 45 by 64 feet.
The wooden shingles laid on forty years ago need replacing
and some sashes reglazing.
Mr. Foster Utley, the former college carpenter, and now
reelected, estimated the repairs at about $3,000, but this was
too low by one hundred per cent. (The opinion of the commit-
tee, very experienced men, turned out to be correct.)
The Campus was in a state of total neglect. The wall was
broken in some places, the gates rotted down, the beautiful
shrubberv srrazed and broken into. The two excellent wells
56 History of University of North Carolina.
were in ruins, the embankment around the Old East and Old
West defaced and trodden down, and the old oaks in many
places scarred and chopped with the axes of wood choppers.
(It must be remembered, in justice to the Pool management,
that cattle and hogs were not yet shut up by law and hence, en-
tering by the open gate, they worked their way among the
treasured preserves of the Campus.) The committee found it a
ground of censure that the drivers of vehicles were allowed to
go to the Raleigh Road, passing by the South Building. (It
had been the policy of the Faculty to keep the buildings iso-
lated, but this has been abandoned, the road legalized by subse-
quent administrations, and named Cameron Avenue. It is
bordered by beautiful Norway maples, planted by the bounty
of the Trustee in whose honor it is named.)
There were four residences, the report states, belonging to
the University, then in the hands of renters. The shrubbery
of one or more of the gardens had been cut down and had
given place to cotton. There was a generally neglected look.
The piazzas were sadly decayed.
There were eleven vacant lots of size varying from one to
eight acres, in the occupancy of various persons, whether pay-
ing rent the committee could not ascertain.
The University owned a large area of land in Buncombe,
Henderson, and Madison counties, the particulars of which
could not be ascertained. ( Information in regard to this tract
will be given hereafter, also in regard to the John Calvin
McNair tract in Robeson County.)
It was recommended that suit against Dr. Pool for posses-
sion of the property of the University should be instituted at
once.
The committee then gave extracts from the report of Treas-
urer Lassiter to the former Board, criticising sharply his in-
vestment of a large part of the Land Scrip Fund in Special
Tax bonds. It was said "he should have known that these
bonds bore a suspicious character." Some of the purchases, as
the committee were informed, were made even after the Gen-
eral Assembly set upon them its seal of condemnation. (The
fact that most of the Special Tax bonds purchased were of a
Debts of the University. ^j
peculiarly obnoxious class, having been issued for the Western
Division of the Western North Carolina Railroad, of which
George W. Swepson was president, might have been men-
tioned as increasing the in judiciousness of the purchase. All
acts appropriating special tax and some other bonds to railroad
companies were repealed March 8, 1870.)
The report is signed by Walter L. Steele, Paul C. Cameron,
and William L. Saunders. They were devoted and sagacious
friends of the University, Colonel Steele and Mr. Cameron
Trustees for years under the old regime ; Colonel Saunders was
Secretary of State, and soon afterwards was Secretary and
Treasurer of the University as well.
Treasurer Battle reported that he found the creditors of
the University, except the assignee of the Bank of North
Carolina in bankruptcy, not disposed to harass it. The bank's
debt of $35,000, secured by mortgage, could have no more
favorable terms because R. Y. McAden and one Wilson had
procured an injunction against further compromise. Miss
Mildred C. Cameron's debt of $10,000 and ten years interest
can be funded into long term bonds at six per cent interest.
Mrs. Eleanor H. Swain, the widow of President Swain, holds
a note for $3,000, for money lent to aid in building the New
East and New West, and about $2,300 bonds issued to pay the
Faculty. About $2,000 of bonds issued for the same purpose
held by other persons, the owners offer to compromise on
the most liberal terms. So it appears that if the debt due the
bank can be got out of the way, there would be no great
difficulty in freeing the University from pecuniary obligations.
The debts could be the more easily settled if the Supreme
Court should decide that the property of the University, which
belongs to the State as much as the Capitol Building, court-
houses and jails, can not be alienated, voluntarily or involun-
tarily, by the Trustees or by creditors.
The only solvent assets, counting State bonds not repudi-
ated, are $18,410.64 securities pledged as collateral to pay
the Faculty and repay the Board of Education, and also the
escheated mountain lands.
58 History of University of North Carolina.
Suit in Bankruptcy.
The friends of the University were afterwards greatly en-
couraged by a decision of the Circuit Court of the United
States at the June Term. 1874. A short statement of facts is
necessary to make this clear.
From 1789 it had been supposed by the best legal talent
that all the property of the University was subject to sale by
the Trustees. When the war ended it had $200,000 worthless
bank stock and owed about $20,000 to individuals and over
$90,000 to the bank. It was thought to be a good arrange-
ment to compromise this bank debt for $25,000 in gold or
$35,700 in paper currency. The bank agreed to this, on condi-
tion that a mortgage should be made covering all the property
of the University, which was done. When the institu-
tion passed into the hands of the new Trustees, in 1868,
they employed counsel to contest the validity of the mortgage.
By consent of the Attorney-General, Mr. W. M. Coleman, suit
was brought in the Circuit Court of the United States in the
name of the State, returnable in June Term, 1869, asking for
a decree nullifying the mortgage. This bill was dismissed for
want of jurisdiction.
In 1874, Charles Dewey, assignee in bankruptcy, brought
suit to have the property of the University sold under the
mortgage. This was resisted by order of Governor Caldwell
and the Executive Committee on the ground that, as the State
Supreme Court had already decided that property of counties
and other municipal corporations could not be sold without the
consent of the Legislature, the property of the University,
being a State institution, was similarly protected.
At June Term. 1874, the Circuit Court, Chief Justice Waite,
Circuit Judge Hugh L. Bond, and the District Judge, George
W. Brooks, unanimously decided that the bank debt was valid,
but that neither the judgment creditor nor the Trustees them-
selves had power to alienate such property as constituted the
life of the University, as distinct from the endowment for its
support. Mr. George H. Snow, a prominent lawyer of Ra-
leigh, was appointed Commissioner to report as to what per-
Suit in Bankruptcy. 59
sonal and real property should be exempt from sale under the
foregoing decree.
On motion of ex-Governor Graham, Messrs. P. C. Cameron,
John Manning, and Kemp P. Battle were instructed to meet
the Commissioner and represent the University's interest.
Although anticipating, it is well to finish the story now.
The committee and the Commissioner met at Chapel Hill in
the summer of 1874. The impoverished village had no hotel
nor boarding house and they were the invited guests of pri-
vate families, Mr. Snow going to Air. S. M. Barbee's, Mr.
Manning to Dr. Mallett's, Mr. Cameron to Mr. Mickle's, Mr.
Battle to Mrs. Spencer's. A careful inspection was made of
buildings, apparatus, libraries, Campus, and Faculty residences.
The Commissioner reserved his decision and report.
Before making his final report the Commissioner consulted
Judge Bond. The Judge said, "Be liberal, it is for the educa-
tion of the young men of the country. Be liberal !" The Com-
missioner replied, "For instance. Judge, some say that the Pro-
fessors' houses are not necessary, that the Professors could
have rooms in the University buildings." "Yes," said the
Judge, "they could be hung up on the trees. Be liberal." And
so the Commissioner made a liberal report.
The chief difficulty was about the 700 acres of woodland.
Fortunately the most of it was in a solid block from the Dur-
ham to the Pittsboro Road. I was able to prove that I applied
to President Swain in behalf of friends to purchase lots south
of the town, and was peremptorily refused, on the ground
that it was the policy of the University to confine sales to the
north and west, so as to have no settlements south, southeast,
and southwest of the Campus. It was thought that it would
be difficult to preserve discipline if the dormitories and lecture
halls should be surrounded by a cordon of citizens, with their
colored dependents. As Colonel Carter said, in advocating
the confirmation of the report, "Why, may it please your
honor, Chapel Hill has only one policeman, and he is lame.
He could not outrun a student if one pursued him." The re-
sult was the Court gave the University the Campus and 600
acres of land, all houses, libraries, and property appurtenant.
60 History of University of North Carolina.
There is a parcel of seventy acres called the Piney Pros-
pect rectangle, which was ordered to be sold, although it was
between the roads mentioned. The Judge was moved to do
this because the map showed that it was comparatively
isolated, its nearest point being half a mile from the Campus.
The loss is to be regretted because it contains the Point Pros-
pect mentioned by Governor Davie, and is often visited by stu-
dents. At present it is in friendly hands but in unfriendly
hands it might be withdrawn from public recreation. "Point,"
in old times was called "Pi'nt," hence the change of name to
"Piney" Prospect.
When the sale of the lands not reserved to the University
was had, Mr. P. C. Cameron, in order to save his sister's debt,
bought all the parcels offered. He also bought the mountain
lands* and by his various purchases more than paid the debt to
his sister. Much of it has been since sold by his executors and
the Piney Prospect rectangle is now owned by a Land Com-
pany, Prof. Patrick Henry Winston being a large stockholder.
The decision of the Circuit Court was sustained by the fol-
lowing reasoning: As long ago as 1852, in the case of Univer-
sity v. Maultsby, 8 Iredell Equity, 257, it was decided by our
Supreme Court that the University is State property. What
is therefore its life as an institution of learning the Trustees
can not sell nor mortgage, nor can the judgment creditor seize
it, any more than he could the Capitol Square or a courthouse.
But property constituting endowment the Trustees control.
They can change it from one investment to another. The in-
vestment in bank stock was perfectly legitimate. It was made
by express permission of the General Assembly. The bank
stock was merely an exchange for other funds. The fact of its
afterwards losing its value, can not affect the law. The Uni-
versity has yet the $200,000 stock. Why President Swain, who
turned his own bank stock into land, and Treasurer Manly, did
not urge the Trustees to sell during the war enough stock to
pay off the University debts, can only be accounted for by the
*The mountain land was an escheat of many thousand acres, the extent of which was
unknown until surveyed afterwards.
The University's Assets. 6i
general excitement and unreasoning wrath against public of-
ficials exhibiting any particle of distrust of the success of the
Confederacy. They doubtless feared that not only themselves,
but the institution would become odious to the hotheads of
the South. If the Confederacy had been established the Bank
would have remained solvent. Besides, the investment having
been authorized by the General Assembly it may be that a
sale could not be made without the approval of that body.
The Board of Trustees convened on February 10, 1875, in
the Governor's office, Governor Brogden presiding. The Trus-
tees present were Messrs. Amis, K. P. Battle, Cameron, Car-
ter, J. J. Davis, Day, Dugger, Faircloth, Grady, Wm. A. Gra-
ham, Jas. A. Graham, Kerr, McKay, Means, Patterson, Peebles,
Saunders, Shaw, Steele, and Tate.
Treasurer Battle reported that ex-Treasurer Lassiter had
turned over to him most of the securities of the University.
The assets were of a deplorable nature. About $10,000 were
either in Confederate bonds, or due by insolvent individuals.
The $200,000 stock in the Bank of Xorth Carolina was not
worth one dollar. There were $5,500 bonds of the City of
Wilmington valued at about $2,200; $10,000 State of Virginia
bonds, if at par $11,200 worth about $6,900, and $1,500 of
solvent individual securities, all of which were especially
pledged for the eight per cents issued to pay the Faculty, and
for $8,800 to the Board of Education in addition. There was
a $2,500 claim supposed to have escheated but the rightful
heiress soon appeared and carried that off — or rather her attor-
ney did, for she never realized a cent for it.
One hundred and twenty-five, thousand dollars in good
money, the proceeds of the sale of Land Scrip granted by the
United States chiefly for instruction in the principles of agri-
cultural and mechanic arts, was turned over by Treasurer
Manly to R. W. Lassiter, holding the same office. What was
the condition of that fund in 1874?
Treasurer Lassiter reported that he had invested this sum
in bonds of this State as follows : Forty bonds issued before
the war, $40,000 ; 40 bonds issued under the Funding Acts and
62 History of University of North Carolina.
to the Western North Carolina Railroad Company, not Special
Tax, $40,000; Special Tax bonds, $160,000. Total cost, $120,-
000; leaving $5,000 in the Treasury.
All should have coupons from January 1, 1869, except $6,000
issued to the North Carolina Railroad Company, which was
under the Swazey suit, 80 per cent of coupons from January 1,
1864, to January 1, 1872, paid in cash. Twenty thousand dol-
lars in bonds of the above, belonging to the Land Scrip Fund,
were pledged with the Board of Education for $6,000, as
already stated. There was also a receipt of the Board of Edu-
cation for ante-war bonds, pledged for balance of a loan of
$14,801.60.
Treasurer Battle further reported that he had received of
Gen. R. Barringer, attorney, $1,516.80 escheat of J. B. Wallace
and expended $6.25, leaving cash on hand $1,510.55.
Mr. Mickle, Bursar, reported books on hand, University
Library, 8,394 volumes ; Dialectic Library, 6,943 volumes ;
Philanthropic Library, 6,905 volumes. The mathematical and
other apparatus for instruction were much scattered and
injured.
As said heretofore Treasurer Lassiter failed to turn over to
Treasurer Battle $5,000 of bonds belonging to the Land Scrip
Fund, stating that he had hypothecated them with the State
National Bank for a loan wherewith to pay his salary. The
new Board of Trustees declined to ratify this and directed
a resort to the law.
The case against the Treasurer well illustrated the danger
of "sleeping on a lawsuit." It appeared to the Treasurer, as
well as to his lawyers, Messrs. R. H. Battle and S. F. Morde-
cai, that if the University should sue the Bank, the defendant
would take the ground that it was the innocent holder of bonds
payable to bearer, with no notice that the ex-Treasurer was
without authority to hypothecate them. The safer course,
therefore, was to bring suit on the Treasurer's official bond 01:
which was one solvent surety, Mr. C. S. Winstead, of Person
County. This surety, although an able and usually prudent
man, for some time took no steps to secure himself, but con-
fined his efforts to urging on President Battle the propriety of
Ex-Treasurer's Surety Loses. 63
releasing him and looking only to the bank. He became a
Member of the Legislature and endeavored in vain to get
relief from that body. On his application the Trustees of the
University cheerfully allowed him to use its name in suing
the bank, which had sold the bonds much below the market
value. The Court allowed him the excess of the actual sales
over Lassiter's debt to the bank, but decided that he could not
recover the excess of the market value over the actual sales
because it was barred by the Statute of Limitations. He thus
by delay lost hundreds of dollars.
CHAPTER II.
The Land Scrip Fund.
Another committee, on motion of ex-Governor Graham,
was appointed to memorialize the General Assembly to restore
to the University the principal ($125,000) of the Land Grant
Fund, which had been impaired by the investment by the late
Board largely in worthless special tax bonds.
The memorial of the Trustees, written by Chairman Gra-
ham, was duly submitted to the General Assembly, then in ses-
sion. The case of the LJhiversity was strongly argued by the
distinguished Chairman and is of peculiar interest as being
his last State paper. He showed what the University had
done in the past, its forlorn condition then, and the necessity
of reviving it. He then sketched the history of the Land
Scrip, that it was given to the University on the condition
that two professorships to teach the branches of learning re-
lating to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, should be estab-
lished, that the Scrip was sold by the Board which expired
in 1868, for the market price at that time, fifty cents an acre,
the same obtained by Pennsylvania and New York, and three
cents less than Ohio and five cents more than Rhode Island ;
that $125,000 of the amount went into the hands of the recent
Board, who had invested it in special tax bonds, and others,
though unquestioned, on which the State is not paying interest ;
that the General Assembly in accepting the Scrip agreed to
replace it if lost, if not, to restore it to the General Govern-
ment. The petitioners therefore ask that $7,500, the interest
on $125,000, be paid to the University annually.
Governor Brogden forwarded the petition, strongly recom-
mending it and lauding the great work of the University since
its foundation.
The General Assembly.
In order to increase the effect of the memorial by Mr. Gra-
ham, Mr. K. P. Battle made a motion, which was carried, that
The Land Grant Fund. 65
Messrs. W. A. Graham, Carter, Steele, Vance, Kerr, and Pat-
terson be appointed to bring to the attention of the General
Assembly the condition of the University and the importance
of its restoration, and on motion of D. M. Carter, W. T. Fair-
cloth and K. P. Battle were added. At his own request Mr.
Steele was excused and J. S. Amis was substituted. Owing
to the sickness of the Chairman there was no meeting of this
body, which in plain English might be called the lobbying
committee.
After thanking the attorneys who had rendered such valu-
able service to the institution in securing without compensa-
tion a decision for the constitutional rights of the Board,
and Governor Brogden for his patience and courtesy as the
presiding officer, an adjournment was had until May 5, 1875,
when the chief business would be the adoption of a plan of
reorganization.
The bill to carry into effect the memorial for paying interest
on the $125,000 Land Grant Fund was introduced in the House
of Representatives on February 27, 1875, by Mr. Xereus Men-
denhall, of Guilford, a worthy member of the Society of
Friends, a veteran teacher of high reputation. It was referred
to the Committee on Finance, of which Col. Samuel McDowell
Tate was chairman. Messrs. D. M. Carter and K. P. Battle,
in pursuance of their appointment by the Trustees, asked and
obtained leave to address the committee on behalf of the bilk
and were respectfully heard.
On March 2 Mr. Tate, chairman, reported the bill with the
chilling statement that "the committee were divided, a portion
recommending its passage." It was made a special order for
March 4, subsequently changed to March 9, when it was again
postponed to March 11. These postponements were at the
instance of friends of the measure, who were laboring to
mitigate the intensity of the hostility threatening to be fatal.
' All familiar with the temper of the public mind at that time
towards appropriations, especially towards anything like pay-
ing interest on the public debt, or aiding higher education, will
realize that if nothing had been done by the Trustees the bill
would never have seen the light. Accordingly, with the ap-
66 History of University of North Carolina.
proval of all, and at the request of many Trustees, the Secre-
tary and Treasurer spent several weeks in the unpleasant busi-
ness of lobbying for the- measure. The surviving members of
the General Assembly will bear witness that he used no argu-
ment, not even to the value of a cigar or glass of lemonade,
other than earnest pleading for higher education. His work
was chiefly with the friends of the University.
The most active workers for the bill were Representative
William N. Mebane, who exchanged his sophomoric gown in
1861 for the uniform of a Confederate soldier; Col. Paul B.
Means of the last class under the old regime, who had always
been ready with head and time and purse to press forward his
Alma Mater ; George V. Strong, a first honor man of the Class
of 1845, who on this occasion made one of the most eloquent
of his many eloquent speeches during a long and successful
career at the bar ; and those able lawyers, Piatt D. Walker, of
i865-'67, now Supreme Court Judge; John M. Moring, of
i86o-'62; W. C. Fields, of Alleghany, of 1869. Good work
was done by others, who, mainly on account of the Civil
War, were not sons of the University. I recall the strong
appeals of Col. S. McD. Tate, of Burke, one of our
Trustees and one of the ablest men of the Piedmont country,
whose position as Chairman of the Committee on Finance,
gave him peculiar power ; of Alfred M. Erwin, of McDowell,
whose advocacy could not possibly have had any taint of self-
interest, because he was a confirmed old bachelor; of Mr.
John A. Spears, of Harnett, and of the able chairman of the
Judiciary Committee, who had at that day as little idea of ever
having a position in our Faculty as he had of being Chief
Justice of Porto Rico or the Philippines : our esteemed Pro-
fessor of Law, ex- Judge James Cameron MacRae, then of
Cumberland, who has recently passed into the hereafter.
On the nth of March the bill failed to pass the second
reading by a vote of 41 to 58. Mr. Norment, who voted with
the negative for the purpose, moved to reconsider. The mo-
tion to table this failed, 48 to 54, and the motion to reconsider
prevailed by 58 to 46, and the bill was made a special order
for March 15th.
Land Scrip Fund. 67
On this day the friends of the measure hoped that they
could pass it without a division, but the Speaker decided it was
lost on the aye and no vote. A motion to reconsider was at
once carried, 61 to 31, and then the bill passed its second
reading by the handsome majority of 53 to 43.
Ordinarily the chief opposition to a measure is put forward
on the second reading, but such was the animosity to this
measure that every effort was made to defeat it on the third
reading, which was set for March 17. Amid breathless ex-
citement, surrounded by crowds in the lobby and galleries,
fifty-one Members recorded their votes in the affirmative and
fifty in the negative. The fate of the University hung on one
vote. Great credit is due to John N. Isler, of Wayne, whd
gave his support and induced two others to do the same.
Judge MacRae, ever watchful, at once moved to make the
triumph irreversible, and succeeded, by 59 to 38, twenty ma-
jority. After this several Members were allowed to record
their votes, so that the journal shows 51 to 48.
Two incidents, of which I am personally cognizant, will
show the perils surrounding the measure. The first was
caused by the intense hostility of many Members to the Special
Tax bonds. As first drawn the bill ordered the University,
as a condition precedent to receiving the State's bond for
$125,000, to surrender the Special Tax bonds to the State
Treasurer to be burnt by him. The opponents of the bill thun-
dered against this as an implied recognition of the bonds. Some
friends were shaken by their argument. A hasty conference
of Messrs. Sion H. Rogers, George V. Strong, and myself
with these doubting legislators, was had. The bill was altered
so as to read, "and the said Special Tax bonds, being uncon-
stitutional and void, shall be burnt by the Trustees of the
University." This satisfied the doubters. Without the change
the bill would have been defeated. The other danger was of
a personal nature.
The friends of the bill had induced a few Members who felt
bound to vote "No," not to do so when their names were called,
but after the roll was finished, in the fond hope that some
waverers misrht like to be with those who seeminglv were tri-
68 History of University of North Carolina.
umphant. An excellent gentleman, Mr. A. A. Mclver, of
Moore, a relative of Superintendent Alexander Mclver, said :
"Mr. Battle, I wish your bill to pass. My kinsman, Dr. Alex-
ander Mclver, has explained to me its merits. If necessary it
shall have my support. But my constituents are opposed to it,
and in deference to them, if I am not needed, I will vote 'No.' ':
When his name was called, he kept silent. When the roll was
finished the University was five or six in the majority, and Mr.
Mclver said: "Mr. Speaker, I ask leave to vote 'No.'"
Then so many Members, silent at first, followed his example,
that there was a majority in the negative. Turning with a
comically wry face, before the result was announced, he whis-
pered, "I've got to do it." "Mr. Speaker, I ask leave to change
my vote. I vote 'Aye ! !' " And I wish to record, in memory of
my ancient friend and deskmate, Col. Rufus L. Patterson, of
Salem, our Chief Marshal of 1850, and graduate of 1851, then
a Trustee, that the Member from Forsyth, Dr. Wheeler, a few
minutes before the vote was taken, said : "I intend to sup-
port your bill. I have just received a letter from one of my
constituents, Colonel Patterson, which convinces me that it is
right." And the bill passed by only one vote!
The measure came up in the Senate on March 17th and was
made a special order for the next day. The sons of the Uni-
versity had strong influence in this body, as will be seen from
their names.
C. M. T. McCauley, of Union, grandson of Matthew McCau-
ley, one of the donors of the University site, A.B. 1838; Nich-
olas W. Boddie, of Nash, a student of 1843-44; Joseph B.
Stickney, of Beaufort, a student of 1847- '48; Leigh Richmond
Waddell, of Johnston, A.B. 1852; William W. Peebles, of
Northampton, A.B. 1853 ; William Foster French, of Robeson,
1867- '68; James T. Morehead, of Guilford, A.B. 1858; William
A. Graham, Jr., of Lincoln, a student of i856-'59; Charles
Manly Busbee, of Wake, a student of i865-'68. And as read-
ing clerk we had, then in his prime, Patrick Henry Winston,
Jr., A.B. 1867, full of enthusiasm for his Alma Mater.
Having ascertained their safe majority most of them con-
cluded not to consume time by speaking. Mr. W. W. Peebles,
The Bill Passes. 69
of Northampton, however, could not be restrained, and short
but strong speeches were made by him and Messrs. E. W. Kerr,
of Sampson ; Wm. A. Graham, Jr., of Lincoln ; W. F. French,
of Columbus ; Joseph Cashwell, of Brunswick and Bladen ; Col.
Edward Cantwell, of New Hanover, and last, but by no means
least, by one, although an alumnus and trustee of another
institution, always our friend, active and efficient, long also a
Trustee of ours, Charles Mather Cooke, of Franklin, now a
Judge of the Superior Court.
The bill passed its second reading by the handsome vote of
25 to 14. Senators recorded in the affirmative may be found
in the Appendix.
The bill came up on its third reading on March 20th and
passed without a division.
The joyful news was forwarded by electric wire at once to
Mrs. C. P. Spencer, who, with her mother and young daughter,
remained at Chapel Hill in all its darkest hours and by her
potent pen kept the University and its woes before the public
eye. She summoned to her aid Misses Susan G. and Jenny
Thompson (now Mrs. J. T. Kerr), Mr. A. D. Mickle, and per-
haps others, and repairing to the attic of the South Building,
exultingly rang out the glad tidings over the hills and vales for
four miles around. The tuneful bell had lost by its slumbers
none of its deep-toned sonorousness. It seemed to rejoice to
enter on its duties again, and to promise never again to cease
"calling from duties done," or, "ringing for honors won," to
the end of time.
The reasons which actuated so many Members to oppose this
bill, which it was well understood was proposed for the pur-
pose of reviving the University, were not solely drawn from
hostility to the institution. The time was not long after the
panic of 1873, and the financial prospects were gloomy. Some
Members honestly thought that all increase of expenses should
be avoided. Others had become so hostile to the recognition,
expressly or impliedly, of the validity of the Special Tax bonds,
and were so determined, on account of the immense losses of
the war, to pay only a portion of the honest public debt, that
they regarded the proposition to give a bond of the State for
70 History of University of North Carolina.
the entire principal of the Land Scrip Fund as a dangerous
precedent. But many of the opposition were undeniably ad-
verse to the payment of public money for any institution of
higher learning or even to support public schools. Not a cent
of annuity had ever been voted for what was called the educa-
tion of rich men's sons, and they wished to prevent its being
done under any pretext whatever. Let the State, they argued,
help the public schools, if any shall be aided, but not go into
the training of lawyers, doctors, and preachers and the like.
The argument in regard to the provision of the Act of Con-
gress, that the State in accepting the Land Scrip had con-
tracted with the United States to keep the principal intact, and
that it would be a breach of faith to refuse to restore it, had no
weight with them, for they argued that the State, owing to her
great losses in the Civil War, must compromise all her debts,
and that all her creditors, the Lmited States included, should
be treated alike. They were not afraid that the United States
would bring suit.
It will be noticed that I do not mention the names of our
opponents in the Appendix. I omit them purposely. Many of
them have become our friends. And for those who did not, we
relied upon our good work in behalf of education to approve
itself to their judgment.
The Executive Committee met on the 12th of March, which
was before the bill passed the House. There were present
Messrs. Wm. A. Graham, P. C. Cameron, D. M. Carter, and
Kemp P. Battle. Mr. Graham was appointed Chairman and
Mr. Battle, Secretary. The Committee entered at once on the
work of repairs, Messrs. Cameron, Saunders and Battle being
entrusted with the task, the understanding being that Mr. Cam-
eron would kindly take on his shoulders all the supervision and
direction.
As the act restoring the Land Scrip Fund required the Trus-
tees to burn the special tax bonds, Messrs. B. F. Moore, D. M.
Carter, and Treasurer Battle were ordered to perform this
holocaust. They did so, Major Seaton Gales being a witness,
on August' 19, 1875. They reported that they destroyed by fire
one hundred and forty-six $1,000 bonds issued under act rati-
Reorganization in 1875. 71
fiecl January 29, 1869, entitled "An Act Amendatory to an Act
to Incorporate the Western North Carolina Railroad Com-
pany" ; fourteen bonds for $1,000 each, issued under "An Act
to Reenact and Confirm Certain Acts of the General Assembly
Authorizing the Issue of State Bonds to and for Certain Rail-
roads," ratified December 18, 1868, issued for the Western
North Carolina Railroad Company.
Reorganization.
The Board of Trustees convened in the Executive office on
May 4, 1875, for the purpose of reorganizing the University.
The Secretary submitted various schemes which had been
lodged with him for presentation to the Board. Rev. C. B.
Hassell offered one of his own and moved its adoption. On
motion of Mr. P. C. Cameron all were referred to a committee
consisting of Messrs. K. P. Battle, chairman ; John Manning,
J. A. Graham, J. J. Davis, and Rev. C. B. Hassell. On the next
day their report was unanimously adopted as follows :
The University doors should be opened for students on the
first Monday in September next, and continue until the second
Thursday in June. Tuition to be $60; room rent $10 per
annum.
There were to be six colleges.
1. Agriculture.
2. Engineering and the Mechanic Arts.
3. Natural Sciences.
4. Literature.
5. Mathematics.
6. Philosophy.
I. The College of Agriculture to be divided into Schools of
(a) Scientific Agriculture, (b) Practical Agriculture, (c)
Horticulture.
II. The College of Engineering and the Mechanic Arts was
divided into Schools: (a) Mechanical Engineering, (b) Civil
Engineering, (c) Mining, (d) Military Science and Tactics.
III. The College of Natural Science was divided into
Schools: (a) of Chemistry, (b) Zoology and Botany, (c)
Geology and Mineralogy.
72 History of University of North Carolina.
IV. The College of Literature consisted of Schools of (a)
English Languages and Literature, (b) Ancient Languages,
(c) Modern Languages.
V. The College of Mathematics included Schools of (a)
Pure Mathematics, (b) Natural Philosophy or Physics,
(c) Commercial Sciences.
VI. The College of Philosophy embraced Schools (a)
Metaphysics and Logic, (b) Moral Science, (c) History,
(d) Political Economy, Constitutional and International Law.
It should not be forgotten in considering the scheme that it
was necessary to satisfy the people that the Agricultural and
Mechanical College Act of July 2, 1862, was honestly carried
out. In order that this may be understood I copy its language.
The interest of the fund must be appropriated "to the endow-
ment, support, and maintenance of at least one college where
the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and
classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such
branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the me-
chanic arts, in such manner as the Legislatures may respec-
tively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical
education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and
professions of life." It thus appears that the leading object of
the University was to teach, not agriculture and mechanic arts,
but the branches of learning relating thereto. Greek and Latin
were likewise to be taught, and the students were to have a lib-
eral as well as a practical education so as to be fitted for any
profession or pursuit. It seems clear that the report of the
committee, which was adopted by the Board, provided for
carrying into effect the Act of Congress, as far as the Uni-
versity had means.
Col. E. G. Haywood, attorney, addressed a communication to
the Board designed to prove that the decision of the Circuit
Court of the United States in Dewey, Assignee, v. The Uni-
versity, et. al., is erroneous, and suggested an appeal to the Su-
preme Court of the United States. The matter was referred to
the Executive Committee, who declined to follow his advice.
Mr. Manning, in order to show our good faith in expending
the Land Grant interest moved, and the motion was carried, that
Repair of Buildings. 73
as soon as practicable a farm and workshop should be provided.
In this connection it should be stated that the spirit of the law
contemplates that such expenditures should be provided by the
State or individuals. The eastern part of the Campus, border-
ing on the Raleigh Road, was ordered to be reserved for ath-
letic purposes and for a parade ground.
At the same time a committee, K. P. Battle, chairman ; B. F.
Moore, P. C. Cameron, D. M. Carter, N. McKay, J. Manning,
W. L. Saunders, J. A. Gilmer, and J. E. Dugger were appointed
on Mr. Moore's motion, to provide for the opening of the Uni-
versity for students.
Repairs.
The University was exceedingly fortunate in the selection of
Mr. Paul C. Cameron as chairman of the Committee on Re-
pairs. He had long experience in building and had a sound
head for business, perfect reliability, tireless energy and vigi-
lance, and great love of the University, as had his father and
grandfather. He spent weeks in Chapel Hill, purchasing ma-
terial in the cheapest market, North or South, East or West,
and supervising and directing the work. Owing to the money
received from donations he was able to buy everything needed
at lowest cash prices. He dispensed with a contractor and
finished the extensive repairs with unexampled rapidity and
economy. When necessarily absent from Chapel Hill he sub-
stituted his son, Colonel Benehan Cameron, who has since suc-
ceeded his father as one of the most faithful Trustees of the
fourth generation of such. The Board thanked the father for
his wise and economical management. They offered to reim-
burse him for his expenses, but he declined to receive a penny.
It was a labor of love to him.
When the work was begun only $1,200 was appropriated,
the committee being instructed to confine expenditures to mak-
ing the buildings barely habitable, leaving more full repairs to
the future. But when contributions, unexpectedly liberal,
were secured, it was decided not to delay, but to do all that was
needful as soon as practicable. This left about $6,000 of the
contributions to aid in defraying, from year to year, the cur-
74 History of University of North Carolina.
rent expenses. A committee was appointed to invest any sur-
plus of subscriptions as a permanent endowment. Money,
however, was so urgently needed for expenses that the Treas-
urer called for it as fast as paid in and the committee were
fundi officio, and surrendered their trust.
Another hope of endowment proved to be a castle in the
air. The University had $200,000 stock in the Bank of North
Carolina, as has been said. The bank was being wound up in
the Bankruptcy Court. Mr. Carter moved that the friends of
the University holding stock should be requested to donate to.
it whatever balance might acrue to them in the final settlement.
Before voting on this, however, on motion of Mr. James A.
Graham application was made to C. Dewey, assignee, for a
report, and he gave the information that nothing would
remain to the stockholders. It was useless, therefore, to act on
the suggestion of Mr. Carter. I once asked the clerk of the
Bankrupt Court what was done with the remainder. He smiled
and said : "Oh, the lawyers made a 'divvy,' and took what
was left."
It was hoped to realize funds by procuring the passage of a
law authorizing unclaimed dividends of corporations to be paid
to the University, as derelict property, if unclaimed for five
years, but the Supreme Court declared the act invalid. Four
hundred and eighty-five dollars had been paid over by the
Wilmington and Weldon Railroad Company.
It is a sad proof of the poverty of the institution that the
Executive Committee felt bound to refuse so small a sum as
$100 for the purchase of books.
On motion of ex-Governor Graham, the election of a Presi-
dent was postponed indefinitely, it being the general opinion
that one of the Professors might, for a while, act as Chairman
of the Faculty.
K. P. Battle moved that a committee of five be appointed to
solicit contributions for the revival of the University, not to
be used to pay any existing debt of the institution. This was
carried, and the chair appointed Messrs. K. P. Battle, B. F.
Moore, W. A. Graham, P. C. Cameron, and John Manning.
On motion of Mr. R. L. Patterson the Treasurer was autho-
Subscriptions for Revival. 75
rized to borrow $5,000, if necessary, for carrying on repairs of
the buildings, and he volunteered to be surety with such others
as would join him, for the University.
The Board then adjourned until the 16th of June.
The note for $5,000, signed by Messrs. Patterson, Graham,
Moore, Carter, Saunders, Manning, Battle, and perhaps others,
was never needed, and was duly cancelled.
His associates on the committee for raising contributions,
for the reason either that they were elderly men or that their
residences were distant from Raleigh, requested Chairman
Battle to take charge of the duty. He cheerfully consented and
by personal solicitation and by correspondence succeeded be-
yond all expectation. He was able to canvass Raleigh, Golds-
boro, Rocky Mount, and Tarboro in person. Ex-Governor
Vance and Colonel Charles W. Broadfoot secured the subscrip-
tions in Charlotte and Fayetteville, respectively. But most of
the sums were obtained by correspondence, the plan being to
write a personal letter to each supposed to be willing to sub-
scribe, enclosing a list of the subscribers up to date. The sub-
scriptions were payable in five equal annual installments, with-
out interest, the first payment being on September 1, 1875.
The entire expense for amanuensis, postage, printing, and sta-
tionery was $62.66. Mr. Battle charged no traveling expenses,
as his business carried him to the towns named.
The result was that in six weeks the Chairman was able to
report $18,787. In six weeks more this sum was raised to
$20,167, of which $18,685 was eventually paid. To be entirely
accurate, however, it is necessary to state that $1,000 of one
subscriber was charged with the tuition of three grandsons who
entered the University twelve years afterwards and whose tui-
tion then amounted only to $600. But estimating the interest,
as is fair, on the cash advanced in 1875, the donation amounted
to considerably over $1,000. An advancement was likewise
made of $280, and another of $500, to be paid in tuition, which
was done in four years. All the other donations were uncondi-
tional, except that they were not to be applied to any debt in-
curred prior to April 1, 1875. It seems proper that the names
of donors should be recorded, and they appear in the Appendix.
y6 History of University of North Carolina.
It should be recorded in honor of Professor W. C. Kerr that
his subscription of $500, very large in proportion to his means,
was on account of gratitude to the University for educating
him without charge. He was on the beneficiary list of the
Dialectic Society and was one of the best scholars of his class
and an able debater.
When the report was made the Board resolved to request
ex-Governor Vance, who was then practicing law, to canvass
all parts of this State and elsewhere to raise funds for an
endowment, to be paid commissions. The request was declined
and no one was nominated in his place. Probably he concluded
that while friends of the University in their enthusiastic desire
to see its doors opened were willing to make contributions, the
impoverished condition of the Southern country would make
further appeal barren of financial results.
Contributions by Ladies.
A pleasant feature of the rebirth was the interest taken by
the good women of North Carolina. President Swain was
fond of relating how the ladies of Raleigh, soon after the
beginning of the century, donated to the infant institution a
compass and a quadrant, and the ladies of New Bern, a
quadrant.
And so those of Raleigh, three-quarters of a century after-
wards, showed that they appreciated the value of higher edu-
cation in training young men to be good citizens, enlightened
sons and lovers, husbands and fathers. Mrs. Spencer, at the
request of the Board, on motion of Mr. Cameron, was the
mover of this generous act. The following list shows the
result of her work :
By the pupils of the school of Misses Nash and Miss Kollock in
Hillsboro, Plateau's Apparatus.
By the ladies of Louisburg, through Mrs. Joseph J. Davis,
Parallellogram of Forces.
By the ladies of Salem Female School, Fortin's Barometer.
By the ladies of Raleigh, through Mrs. Annie Moore Parker,
treasurer, Atwood's Machine, Galvanometer and Thermo-
Electric Pile.
Election of Professors. "jj
By the ladies of Hillsboro, in rnemoriam of the late ex-Governor
Wm. A. Graham, Holtz Electrical Machine, giving a 20-inch
spark.
By the ladies of Salisbury, through Mrs. May Wheate Shober,
Hydraulic Press and Turbine Wheel.
By the ladies of North Carolina, through Mrs. Mattie A. Heck,
Raleigh, Silk Centennial Banner, the Coat of Arms, and
Floral Emblems painted by Rev. J. A. Oertel, for exhibition
at the World"s Exposition in Philadelphia, in 1876.
By-laws axd Election of Professors.
Twenty-eight Trustees met on June 16, 1875, f°r the purpose
of electing Professors. I give their names : William A. Gra-
ham, of Orange; B. F. Moore, of Wake; Rev. Dr. Xeill McKay,
of Harnett; P. C. Cameron, Orange; D. M. Carter, Wake;
Mills L. Eure, Gates ; J. A. Moore, Halifax ; William H. John-
ston, Edgecombe; J. E. Dugger, Warren; W. T. Faircloth,
Wayne ; George Green, Craven ; Robert B. Peebles, Northamp-
ton; W. L. Saunders, Xew Hanover; B. F. Grady, Sampson;
John Mclver, Moore ; J. H. Thorpe. Edgecombe ; James S.
Amis, Granville ; John Manning, Chatham ; Kemp P. Battle,
Wake ; J. J. Davis, Franklin ; John A. Gilmer, Guilford ; James
A. Graham, Alamance ; W. L. Steele, Richmond ; Zebulon B.
Vance, Mecklenburg ; Paul B. Means, Cabarrus ; Rufus L. Pat-
terson, Forsyth ; E. Hayne Davis, Iredell. Considering that
they paid their own expenses these Trustees, as did those who
attended other meetings, showed praiseworthy liberality and
enthusiasm. The Governor presided. On account of the un-
usual number adjournment was had to the Senate Chamber.
An important question came up on motion of Colonel Steele,
that the Professors should hold their offices at the will of the
Trustees. This was voted down, but no case is known where
the incumbent did not resign when requested by the Trustees.
As Professors are entitled to six months' notice, where the
resignation is asked for or obtained at once, it is usual to pay
salary to the expiration of the six months.
Some of the older Trustees, particularly Mr. B. F. Moore,
were eager for the revisal and reenactment of the by-laws.
Accordingly a committee was raised and duly reported the old
78 History of University of North Carolina.
Code with many changes, early in the administration of Presi-
dent Battle, who was opposed to publishing a pamphlet em-
bodying these rules, preferring to make known to the students
from time to time such as it was proper for them to know.
Availing himself of the emptiness of the treasury, the by-laws
and amendments slept quietly in a pigeonhole until it became
evident to all that the publication was not needed. In a short
while the good old Trustees who had been raised to think
printed by-laws were a necessary part of the University, pupils
of Caldwell and Swain, went up to the School of the Here-
after, and no one was left to call for the pamphlet. The simple
rule is that each man must behave like a gentleman. If he
knows how and will not, or if he does not know how, we have
no use for him. Let him leave. Necessary notices are printed
in the catalogue, announced to the classes or posted on the
bulletin board.
Thus disappeared without any formal repeal many regula-
tions which were a source of annoyance to the students and
created hot feeling against the professors and tutors whose
duty it was to enforce them. Henceforth a student may call
on his friend in study hours whether for conversation or joint
study. Henceforth no watchful eye will witness his sitting up
beyond 10 o'clock. Henceforth he can go to the village in
study hours, whether to buy fruit or call on the barber or his
ladylove. It is allowable to sit by a friend in class although
not in alphabetical order, and to occupy a chair more comfort-
able than wooden benches. And monstrous innovation ! text-
books can be taken ad libitum into the recitation room. Offend-
ers are not now called before all the Faculty but before the
Students' Council or President, subject to appeal in bad cases
to the Faculty Committee.
Other legislation at this and subsequent meetings during
1875 and the first half of 1876 was the offer of a scholarship
for $1,000, the proposal of a William A. Graham Professor-
ship, the amount afterwards fixed on being $30,000. This
movement failed. The Trustees stood firm on the rule that
students not residents of Chapel Hill must occupy University
dormitories.
Election of Professors. 79
On motion of Mr. Moore a committee of nine was empow-
ered, after consultation with the Faculty, to revise the scheme
heretofore adopted, and to add, if deemed advisable, Vegetable
Physiology and Astronomy.
Colonel Carter moved that the salaries be $1,500 per annum,
that heads of families should have houses rent free, and
that the Professor of Mathematics should be Bursar at a sal-
ary of $500 per annum, but the motion was defeated by a vote
of 13 to 5. The salaries were fixed at $2,000 per annum and
house rent.
Mr. A. Mickle, who had been acting as agent for the Uni-
versity, was elected Bursar at a salary of $400 per annum.
Salaries were to begin September 1st following.
The calculation of those who voted for salaries at $2,000 was
that tuition money supplemented by excess of contributions
over what was needed for repairs, with the $7,500 paid by the
State, would suffrce to balance expenses for at least four years.
After that it was thought that the increase in the number of
students would supply the treasury with the necessary funds.
Having concluded to postpone indefinitely the election of a
President and to have one of the Professors to act as Chairman
of the Faculty, the Board caused to be read the testimonials
offered for the various chairs and proceeded to elect the Pro-
fessors by ballot. As a matter of course the loss of prestige
consequent on the decline and temporary closing of the Uni-
versity, and the doubt as to its success arising from its slender
income; also the vigorous opposition in the General Assembly,
coupled with the violent antagonism elsewhere, prevented many
teachers from presenting their names as candidates. This
made the range of choice as to most of the chairs quite limited.
For the Chair of Agriculture, Professor John Kimberlv and
Mr. Wm. A. Allen were nominated. Professor Kimberlv was
elected.
For the Chair of Engineering and the Mechanic Arts, the
nominees were A. L. Anderson and Ralph H. Graves. Mr.
Graves was successful.
For the Chair of Literature, on motion of Mr. Manning it
was resolved to elect two Professors. The following were
80 History of University of North Carolina.
placed in nomination : Professors J. DeB. Hooper and M.
Fetter, Messrs. George T. Winston, E. Woodard Hutson, John
C. Calhoun, C. H. Martin, Rev. Wm. Royall, Jacob Battle, J. C.
Lynes, John P. Weston, G. B. Doggett, John Wilson, Isbon T.
Beckwith, Professor Morris, Rev. E. L. Patton, J. W. Fitts,
James Southgate. Professor J. DeB. Hooper was declared
elected and the election of the second Professor under Mr.
Manning's motion was postponed for the present.
For the Chair of Mathematics Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips and
Professor Alexander Mclver were nominated. Dr. Phillips
was the successful candidate.
For the Chair of Philosophy the nominees were Rev. A. W.
Mangum, Mr. W. J. Solomon, -Mr. John H. Wheeler. Mr.
Mangum was elected.
For the Chair of Natural Sciences Messrs. A. F. Redd and
Sylvester Hassell were placed in nomination. Mr. Redd was
chosen.
Mr. Carter then moved that the additional Professor in the
College of Literature should be only an Adjunct. This was
agreed to and Mr. George T. Winston was chosen without
opposition. His salary was fixed at $1,500.
Short sketches of the Professors chosen seem appropriate.
Charles Phillips, D.D., LL.D., was the son of Rev. James Phil-
lips, D.D., long Professor of Mathematics in the University.
He was born July 30, 1822, graduated here among the best
scholars in 1841, then for several years studied in the Theo-
logical Seminary at Princeton. He was tutor of Mathe-
matics in this institution from 1844 to 1854, Professor of Civil
Engineering i854-'6o, Professor of Mathematics i86i-'68. On
the closing of the institution in 1868 he was chosen to the Chair
of Mathematics in Davidson College, where he taught that
science and for several terms Political Economy. He was a
Presbyterian preacher of great power and was likewise emi-
nent as a mathematician. In addition to his talents he was
conspicuous for tireless energy and boundless benevolence.
Professor John DeBerniere Hooper, born in 181 1, was a
native of Wilmington, in this State. Graduating at this Uni-
versity with highest distinction in 1831, he taught several years
The New Professors. 8i
as tutor. After teaching some years in a classical school in
Raleigh, he was Professor of Latin and French in this institu-
tion from 1838 to 1848. He then resigned and became Prin-
cipal of schools in Warren, Fayetteville, and Wilson. He was
recognized as one of the most accurate scholars of the old
Faculty and as skilled in teaching. His department was Greek
and French.
Rev. Adolphus Williamson Mangum, D.D., was born April
1, 1834, in Orange County, North Carolina. He graduated at
Randolph-Macon College in 1854 with highest honor. He then
entered the Methodist Episcopal ministry and was pastor, with
constantly growing reputation, in various parts of North Caro-
lina, including Charlotte, Salisbury, Greensboro, Goldsboro,
Raleigh, and Chapel Hill. He was a Chaplain in the Confed-
erate Army. His department was Moral Philosophy, History,
and English Literature.
• Alexander Fletcher Redd was born in Virginia. He was
trained at the Virginia Military Institute. He was teacher of
Chemistry and Physics in the school of Mr. James H. Horner,
who with others warmly endorsed him. When elected he was
associate editor of the Biblical Recorder. He had under his
charge Physics and Chemistry.
Professor John Kimberly was a native of New Jersey. In
early life he became a teacher in the Albemarle section of the
State and gained a wide reputation. Devoting much attention
to the study of Chemistry he was in 1856 elected Professor of
Agricultural Chemistry in this University. He resigned in
1866 and carried on a farm in Buncombe County near Ashe-
ville until his election to the Chair of Agriculture. His in-
struction was altogether theoretical, as was required by the
Act of Congress, unless means was given by the General
Assembly, or other agency, for practical work.
Ralph Henry Graves, born April 1, 1851, son of the widely
respected teacher of the same name, was a first honor student
at this University in i867-'68. He then had a distinguished
career at the University of Virginia, especially in mathematics,
attaining the degree of Bachelor of Science, and Civil and
Mechanical Engineer. He was then Professor of Drawing
6
82 History of University of North Carolina.
and Technical Mechanics in the Polytechnic College at Blacks-
burg. Afterwards he taught in the school of Horner and
Graves at Hillsboro, until elevated to his professorship. In
the assignment of duties his department was styled "Engi-
neering and the Mechanic Arts," but his teaching was in the
main theoretical, as was required by law, since the University
had no fund for building workshops and purchasing machinery.
George Tayloe Winston was born at Windsor, in Bertie
County, October 12, 1856. He was a student of this Univer-
sity with high honor when it closed under the old regime in
1868, being ready to enter the Junior class. Thence he
matriculated at the United States Naval Academy, where he
remained two years, being No. 1 in his class. Finding from a
cruise to Europe that sea life injured his health, he resigned
his place and entered Cornell University. After taking a high
stand he received his degree in 1874 and for the ensuing year
was Instructor in Mathematics. He was then, as has been
stated, elected Adjunct Professor in this University, and was
assigned to instruction in Latin and German.
As Professors Phillips, Hooper, and Kimberly were members
of the old Faculty and their learning and skill in teaching were
fully known to the Trustees, it was not necessary for them to
offer testimonials. Professor Kimberly, however, exhibited
certificates from leading men in Buncombe County attesting his
knowledge of practical agriculture. The others, without ex-
ception, laid before the Board testimonials of the strongest
character from their professors and prominent men, as to their
learning and aptness to teach.
It was charged by fault finders that conciliation of the lead-
ing religious denominations, rather than merit, dictated the
choice by the Trustees. An inspection of the list of candidates,
as well as the distinct recollection of the Trustees now surviv-
ing who voted, shows that this is not true. Of course it was
very fortunate that each of the leading denominations had a
representative. In the light of the history of the mutations in
the Faculty, it will hardly be realized that active efforts were
made in many sections to keep students from coming to the
University by the charge that it was an "Episcopal concern,"
Graham Declined Presidency. 83
because there was a preponderance of members of that denom-
ination, yet it is a fact that such false assertions were widely
disseminated. It is conceded that these critics believed that
their charges were true, but they were mistaken.
It was at this meeting that Mr. Cameron made an urgent
appeal to ex-Governor Graham to allow the Board to elect him
President of the University. An expression of pain passed
over his face as he firmly declined. He was thinking of the
insidious and fatal disease which was sapping the foundation
of his life.
There are persons other than the Faculty connected with the
reopening who must not be neglected in this chronicle. The
first is Andrew Mickle, the Bursar, a man of unpretending
manners, but of rare intelligence, whose virtues were as solid
as the adamantine hills. He was prospering as a merchant
when the war began, but during its progress ruined his fortune
by acting on the chivalric notion that it was wrong to raise
prices of his goods, because it was as difficult for his neighbors
to obtain Confederate money as it had been to obtain good
money. And so, as the currency depreciated, he sold his mer-
chandise for much less than cost. He bore his poverty with
the same dignity which characterized him in his prosperity, and
when the Trustees resolved to depart from the old plan of
devolving the bursarship on a Professor, it fell by universal
consent to him, with whom millions of dollars would have been
as safe as in the Bank of England.
Another indispensable and equally worthy officer of the Uni-
versity was the University carpenter, Foster Utley. He wras
born in Wake County, on a farm. His mother was a Walton,
said to have been of the family of the noted fisherman and
author, Isaak Walton. The transparent purity of character,
the boundless benevolence, the sturdy honesty, the quiet humor,
the love of nature, the delight, on a rare holiday, of sitting for
hours on a mossy bank under a beech tree root, with his cork
floating on the quiet waters or dancing among the ripples, his
devout thankfulness to God, whether the yellow perch yielded
to the "eloquent squirm" of bait or passed by in cold indiffer-
ence, remind us of the sainted father of the art of angling".
84 History of University of North Carolina.
To complete the personnel of the institution, the Faculty
chose, to wait on the students, ring the bell and for other simi-
lar services, one who had occupied a similar position under the
old Faculty. He had been a slave of President Swain and,
therefore, he appears on the records of 1875 as Wilson Swain,
though he afterwards preferred the surname of Caldwell, his
father having been a slave of President Caldwell. He was
an exceedingly intelligent, courteous, faithful man, reliable
always, and had the unbounded regard and confidence of the
Faculty and students.
Death of ex-Governor Graham.
This was the last public meeting attended by Wm. A. Gra-
ham. The closing work of his great career was in behalf of
the uplifting of the youth of the land, the restoration of the
institutions whose halls he had left fifty-one years before.
William Alexander Graham was so actively connected with
the University that he deserves a special notice. He grad-
uated a first honor man in 1824; ten years afterwards was
elected a Trustee, and held the office until 1868, was elected
again in 1874, and continued to be a Trustee until his death;
he was sometimes pro tempore President of the Board and
sometimes a member of the Executive Committee. In his
long tenure of thirty-five years he seldom missed a meeting
of the Board of Trustees, and his handsome and attentive
face was seen at nearly all our Commencements — in truth,
he never missed unless imperative official business detained him.
His five sons were educated at this University.
Governor Graham, as he was generally called, was one of
the most perfect public men we have had — high-toned, honor-
able, talented, above all tricks and suspicions of demagoguery,
a strong but not eloquent speaker, and always well read
and prepared on questions under debate. I heard one of our
ablest lawyers, Samuel F. Phillips, who served with him on
the Judiciary Committee in the General Assembly, when dis-
cussing the Revised Code, say "Graham has a broad, states-
man-like knowledge of the law." I heard a verv intelligent
The Reopening in 1875. 85
member of the Convention of 1861, Wm. S. Battle, of Edge-
combe, say: "When I came here I thought you Whigs over-
rated Governor Graham, but I was mistaken. As a statesman
and parliamentarian he is head and shoulders above any man in
the Convention." The University lost an able and valuable
friend when he died.
He was honored with the degree of LL.D. in 1849; was
Speaker of the House of Commons, 1834-41 ; United States
Senator, 1840- '43; Governor, i845~'49; Secretary of the Navy,
i850-'53; Whig candidate for Vice-Presidency, 1852; Senator
in Second Confederate Congress, State Senator, and Member
of the Convention of 1861. He was born in Lincolnton Sep-
tember 5, 1804, and adopted Hillsboro as his home. Died
August 11, 1875.
He was elected United States Senator in 1866, but was not
allowed to take his seat. He was fortunate in his biographer,
the address on his "Life and Services," by Montford McGehee,
being unexcelled, if equaled, in the annals of this State.
The Board, at the instance of his old friend, Paul C. Cam-
eron, passed most touching resolutions expressive of their sense
of appreciation of his work, certifying that the untiring zeal
and great liberality with which Governor Graham devoted his
efficient labors to the University, entitle his memory to be en-
shrined in the hearts of those who love the institution.
Reopening. Curriculum.
On the 30th of June, 1875, a committee of five Trustees,
viz., Kemp P. Battle, chairman, and B. F. Moore, Rev. Dr.
McKay, P. C. Cameron, D. M. Carter, and W. L. Saunders,
met the Faculty in Raleigh for the purpose of adopting rules
for the reopening of the University. The Faculty were called
on for recommendations, which were duly submitted and ap-
proved. Publication was made by the Secretary of the leading
provisions.
The opening was to be on the first Monday of September,
1875, with two weeks vacation at Christmas, to continue until
the second Thursday in June, 1876. Tuition $60, but pro-
86 History of University of North Carolina.
vision would be made for meritorious students who could not
pay. With pardonable optimism it was declared that the build-
ings had been repaired and repainted inside and out and rooms
would be ready for several hundred students. The Campus
was being placed in order and in a few weeks the College
property would be not inferior in beauty and fitness for edu-
cational uses to any in the Union ! It was of good omen that
the Secretary could exaggerate like that. It showed en-
thusiasm. He believed then what he wrote.
In order to obey the mandate of the Act of Congress of
1862 instruction in military science in all the classes was
ordered. It was found, however, that our people were so
sick of war and all likeness to it that there was no demand
for military teaching, and it was postponed from year to
year.
It was thought best to notify the public that hazing was
absolutely prohibited. It was defined to be teasing, vexing,
striking or committing a breach of the peace. The last was
called a high offense.
The titles of the Faculty were then given, their chairs being
called Colleges. For example, Charles Phillips, Professor of
the College of Mathematics, and so on. Judge W. H. Battle
had not then reopened the Law School, and that was not
on the list.
The departments were to be combined into four courses of
study, each leading to a diploma. Students not seeking a
diploma could obtain certificates of proficiency. This course
was called Optional. The degrees to be Bachelor of Arts,
Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Agriculture, and Master
of Arts.
For admission into the course of Arts the student must
have a competent knowledge of the elements of English Lan-
guage, Geography, Algebra through equations of the second
degree, Latin Grammar, Prosody and Composition, four
Books of Caesar, five Books of Virgil's ^Eneid, or the equiva-
lent in Ovid, Sallust or Cicero's Orations ; of Greek Gram-
mar and Composition, four Books of Xenophon's Anabasis,
The Curriculum. 87
or Memorabilia, and of two Books of the Iliad. These were
called Preparatory Studies.
For admission into the Science course the requisites to be
the same, omitting Latin and Greek. For admission into the
course for Bachelor of Agriculture, the requisites to be Arith-
metic, the English Language, and Geography.
The courses of study for Bachelor of Arts to be: First
year, four recitations in Mathematics per week, five in Latin
and Greek each ; second year, four recitations in Mathematics,
Latin and Greek each ; third year, three in Natural Philosophy,
three in Chemistry, French, and German each, and two in
Logic and Rhetoric ; fourth year, three recitations in Astron-
omy, three in Mineralogy and Geology, and eight in Mental
and Moral Science. International and Constitutional Law, Po-
litical Economy, and English Literature.
For the degree of Bachelor of Science : First year, four
recitations per week in Mathematics, three in Chemistry, five
in English and two in History. For the second year, four reci-
tations in Mathematics, three in Chemistry and German each,
two in Logic and Rhetoric and two in Zoology. For the
third year, three in Natural Philosophy, Astronomy, Miner-
alogy and Geology each, and five in Mental Science.
For the degree of Bachelor of Agriculture the studies were :
First year, five recitations per week in Mathematics, five in
English, two in History and two in Botany. For the second
year, four in Mathematics, three in Chemistry, two in Logic and
Rhetoric, two in Zoology and three in Agriculture. For the
third year, three in Mineralogy, three in Geology, three in
Political Economy and Constitutional Law, eight in Agri-
culture, Engineering, etc.
The Bible to be taught in all the courses, counting one
hour.
Students to be required to attend one religious service on
Sunday at the church of their choice, and daily Prayers in
Gerrard Hall, absences from them or recitations to be reported
to parents or guardians.
Students should be at least sixteen years old at entrance.
Students to preserve the utmost decorum and courtesy towards
V
88 History of University of North Carolina.
each other. Secret societies or clubs to be forbidden without
the express permission of the Trustees. The Faculty to be
authorized to order a student to be removed for neglect of
studies or evil influence on his associates.
Instruction was to begin at 8 a. m. and end at 2 p. m., but
Laboratory work in Chemistry to be in the afternoon. The
breakfast hour was fixed at 7 a. m. ; dinner at 2 p. m., and
supper at 6:30. (Until the completion of the State University
Railroad it was customary to keep these hours nominally winter
and summer, moving the College clock and ringing the bell
without regard to the true time. The University time was often
over half an hour faster or slower than the true time.)
Unmarried professors were requested to room in the Uni-
versity buildings. Accordingly Professors Graves and Win-
ston selected the third story of the South Building. After-
wards Professors Toy. Yenable and Atkinson selected the
New West. In pursuance of the policy to trust to the sense
of decorum of the students the request after some years was
withdrawn.
The day of the opening was advertised to be September 6th.
On the 31st August ( 1875) the Board of Trustees had
another meeting; present: K. P. Battle, P. C. Cameron, D. M.
Carter, W. T. Faircloth, J. A. Gilmer, John Kerr. Rev. Dr. N.
McKay, John Manning, B. F. Moore, and H. C. Thomas.
Dr. Charles Phillips was unanimously chosen Chairman of
the Faculty.
General Frank H. Cameron submitted a plan for raising
an endowment for the University by its friends! insuring
their lives for its benefit, but nothing resulted from it.
Authority was given the Treasurer to borrow not exceed-
ing $3,000 at any one time, on pledge of unpaid subscrip-
tions, for the purpose of paying current expenses.
The Executive Committee for i875~'76 were B. F. Moore,
W. H. Battle, P. C. Cameron, D. M. Carter, Seaton Gales,
W. L. Saunders, and K. P. Battle.
Messrs. Hooper and Mangum were allowed $100 each in
lieu of house rent, they not occupying the Faculty houses.
Governing Regulations. 89
A by-law was adopted that the Professors should take rank
according to the designation of the Executive Committee. If
the Committee failed to act the President or Presiding Pro-
fessor had the power.
The Chief Marshal was directed to be selected alternately
by the two literary societies, beginning with the Dialetic as
that was the first founded. He must be from the Junior class
and was to have the power of selecting his assistants, three
from each society.
Colonel Carter offered a resolution, which was adopted,
(Strongly favoring a railroad to Chapel Hill as essential to
the growth of the University. At a subsequent meeting, not
seeing that a railroad was practicable, he favored a turn-
pike to Durham as within our means. If he had foreseen the
days of the automobile his scheme would have seemed emi-
nently practical.
On motion of Judge Battle the winter vacation was ordered
to continue four weeks, the term beginning the 6th of Janu-
ary. Mr. B. F. Moore moved that the summer vacation
should be six weeks. Mr. K. P. Battle moved that the summer
vacation should be extended to twelve weeks and that in winter
there should be two weeks holiday, long enough to enable the
students to spend Christmas at home and aid their parents in
attending to necessary business on the first of January. This
was at first 'defeated but after a year was agreed to. The old-
fashioned Trustees were persuaded that chills and fevers
would infallibly torment the bodies of those who should abide
in the eastern counties after the middle of July. In this no-
tion experience has proven them in error, while the argu-
ments in favor of the change are cogent. The hot months
are unfavorable to stud}-. Many of our students are poor
and find that in the three months of vacation they can earn
funds necessary to enable them to continue their University
course. Others by taking summer courses are much advanced
in their studies. Many parents, accustomed to leave home
for summer resorts, are desirous of having their sons with
them. Professors often utilize this period for study in the
great Northern Universities and even in Europe. Oppor-
90 History of University of North Carolina.
trinity was given to hold the Summer Schools for Teachers.
The change has been found to be very beneficial to all classes.
At present, however, on motion of Mr. J. E. Dugger the vaca-
tion was six weeks after the first Monday in June and the
term was to close four weeks before the first Thursday in
January.
It was enacted that no degree, except honorary, be granted
except where there has been residence for at least one year.
The Committee on Repairs, through Mr. Paul C. Cameron,
the chairman, who did practically all the work, reported that
he had expended $10,677.76 for repairs generally and $2,-
249.09 for gas works and piping, and chemical and natural
philosophy apparatus. The Board was impressed with the
wisdom and economy with which the work had been con-
ducted and passed a vote of thanks to him for the same.
With a commendable desire to keep down expenses it
was enacted that no student should board at a house where
was charged over $15 per month. This law was well ob-
served for years, indeed until broken into by the actual or
supposed necessities of the athletic teams. There was a
general spirit of economy in those early days. Not only did
reputable boardinghouse keepers furnish board at $9 and
$10 per month, but private tables under the management of
messmates enabled them to live satisfactorily at the rate of $7
and $8 per month and in some instances less.
Rev. Dr. Neill McKay moved that the students in the
College of Agriculture should be allowed to study in other
departments and the Faculty must lay out courses in the
College of Agriculture which may enable the students to
receive instruction in the College of Arts. This was re-
ferred to the Executive Committee, who declined to grant
the motion on the ground that it would trammel the latter
department.
The apportionment of rooms among the students was differ-
ent from the old. The two East Buildings went to the Philan-
thropic Society, and the two West to the Dialetic, but the
South was divided equally between them by a north and south
line, the latter getting the west half and the former the east.
Organization of Faculty. 91
A committee, of which Col. D. M. Carter was chairman, was
appointed to explain this to the students. The ante-war ar-
rangement gave all the north rooms in the South Building to
the Phi's and the south rooms to the Di's. This was because
the Phi Hall and Library was on the north side, Di Hall and
Library on the south. As the halls have been changed to the
New East and New West and the libraries consolidated the
present arrangement is acceptable.
The married members of the Faculty took possession
of the University dwellings by amicable arrangement. Dr.
Phillips, being Chairman of the Faculty, as was right, selected
the President's house, occupied by President Swain at his
death ; Professor Kimberly that next to the Episcopal Church ;
Professor Redd the house where Dr. Mitchell so long re-
sided. Professors Winston and Graves were in the South
Building until in the course of time, they, too, married, when
to Professor Winston was awarded the residence which Dr.
James Phillips occupied for many years, and Professor Graves
bought one for himself. Professor Hooper occupied a private
dwelling on Cameron Avenue, owned by Miss Sally Mallett.
After Professor Kimberly resigned he removed to the Kim-
berly house.
The Faculty met on the 4th of September and organized
by electing Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips as Chairman, the fact that
the Trustees had already conferred this honor being over-
looked. Professor Winston was chosen Secretary of the
Faculty and Professor Graves Librarian. Of all these it may
be said that there was no question as to the ability of each,
but Dr. Phillips was afflicted by repeated attacks of sickness.
Professors Winston and Graves were excellent officers, but
Graves' Librarianship was a sinecure, the University Library
containing no books tempting to the average reader.
The Faculty had no doubt of their power and duty to en-
force attendance on religious exercises. Attendance was re-
quired at the Sunday morning services of one of the four de-
nominations having churches in the village, Baptist, Methodist,
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian, and also at the Bible classes
92 History of University of North Carolina.
conducted Sunday afternoons by different Professors. Stu-
dents were expected to inform the Bible class Professor
whether they had attended divine service in the morning.
Tradition has it that some irreverent youths, by spending a
few minutes in the Church, long enough to catch a glimpse
of the ladies, or standing in the Church door, or peering in
at the windows, and then hurrying to their rooms, deemed
themselves justified in answering, "Yes, Sir ! I was at
Church !" This tradition is undoubtedly true as to ante-war
times, a strong argument against enforcing religion on young
men, nearly grown, by disciplinary methods.
Reminiscence of the old Blue Laws is found in the regula-
tion then enacted forbidding talking and noise at Prayers or
other Divine service in the Chapel, a prohibition which a
youth having sense enough to find his way to Chapel Hill is
now presumed to know, without being told by a by-law.
The Professors then proceeded to map out their duties.
To Dr. Phillips in Mathematics was given sixteen recitations
per week ; to Professor Hooper fifteen, viz., nine in Greek
and six in French ; to Professor Redd seven in Chemistry,
with laboratory work added ; to Professor Graves five in En-
gineering and five in Algebra, in all ten, with instruction in
Arithmetic added because of the possession of the Land Grant
Fund. Mr. Kimberly, Professor of Agriculture, had three
in Physical Geography with work to be added when students
in that department should appear. Dr. Mangum's work was
four hours in History, four in Logic,, and five in English, a
total of thirteen. Professor Winston took charge of five hours
in Latin with one class and four with another, three in
German and three in a more advanced class, making in all
fifteen hours per week.
To the three courses leading to degrees, the Classical, the
Scientific, and the Agricultural, was added the Optional,
leading to certificates but to no degree. The students in this
course corresponded to the old Irregulars, or "Malish" (Mi-
litia), described in the first volume. At first there was only
one Agricultural student, but after awhile four others joined
Fraternities Not Allowed. 93
him. There was a general impression that the department
was and would be a failure.
It was resolved to recommend the Trustees not to grant
permits to the Greek Letter fraternities. The question was
brought up on the petition of Messrs. Ernest Caldwell, James
C. Taylor, Henry T. Watkins, Richard B; Henderson, and
R. L. Payne in behalf of the A K E Fraternity. The Faculty
strongly opposed the application on the ground that all the
energies and means of the students should be exerted in behalf
of the two literary societies until their debts were paid and
they should be reinstated into their ante-war prosperous
condition.
Visiting the State Fair, or any other place, was only to be
granted on a written request from parent or guardian.
The old plan of opening Faculty meetings with prayer was
resumed. Dr. Phillips, Professor Mangum and Professor Redd
being called on in turn. The latter was not a minister of the
gospel, but was licensed to preach under the rules of the Bap-
tist Church. The practice was discontinued after a few years
for the reason that the meetings of the Faculty assumed a
more business and hurried character.
The Marshals were to be elected by the two societies, and a
sumptuary law was adopted by the Faculty in the interest of
economy that they should not wear any regalia, except a
rosette or ribbon around the arm, these officers before the
Civil War having been decorated with broad, costly silken
bands from shoulder to waist. This provision was afterwards
ignored as was the prohibition against sitting in a chair during
lectures, as learning without hard benches seemed impossible.
There were other changes. The terms Senior, Junior,
Sophomore, and Freshman were replaced by first, second,
third, and fourth classes, corresponding to Freshman and so
on. But old customs were too strong for this innovation and
the time-honored names and abbreviations have been restored.
The precedent was set of a holiday on the 22d of February,
the societies afterwards electing a Washington orator, whose
address, however, had often very little reference to the Father
of his Country. At the first, or possibly the second of these
94 History of University of North Carolina.
anniversaries, Francis D. Winston, lately Judge and Lieu-
tenant-Governor, at the close of an eloquent laudation of the
great patriot, exhibited an ancient and well-worn hatchet which
he affirmed was the identical weapon that felled the fabulous
cherry tree.
First Arrival.
There is a tendency in the human mind to be desirous of
ascertaining and glorifying the originators of great move-
ments. We wish to know who brought letters to Greece, who
founded Rome, who first set foot on American soil, who dis-
covered oxygen, who kicked the first football, and so on. Thus
it happens that Hinton James has gained immortal fame by
being the first to trudge through the muddy roads of the win-
ter of 1795, and presenting himself to the delighted gaze of
the first presiding Professor, Dr. David Ker, exactly four
weeks after the session began.
My readers, therefore, are in a state of anxiety to know the
name of the Hinton James of the nineteenth century. I am
glad to be able to crown him with honor. I am proud to
set him on the pinnacle of fame.
In thus awarding the honor I am compelled to ignore the
claims of Mr. James C. Taylor and Dr. Isaac M. Taylor, be-
cause their residence was Chapel Hill, and, being on the
ground, they could not possibly, in the graphic language of
General Forrest, "git thar first." Not counting them, the glory
belongs to the elder of two brothers, who, with Charles Bond,
preceded all other candidates by a day's journey. When their
conveyance reached the boundary line of Chapel Hill at the
hamlet of Couchtown, the hilltop on the Durham road, the
elder suddenly leaped from the vehicle and dashed forward
with the amazing speed for which duck-legged youths are often
famous, shouting, "Hurrah ! I am the first student on the
Hill!" He reversed the history of Esau and Jacob. Esau
was ahead this time. The unsuspecting Jacob (Hebrew for
Robert) had no time to offer his mess of pottage. When I
tell you that this long-headed — if short-legged — youth went to
the Legislature, with about one thousand majority against his
party, intent on looking out for the interests of his Alma Mater,
The Formal Opening. 95
it will be guessed that his name is Francis Donnell Win-
ston, the Hinton James of 1875.
The youth, Robert, thus outgeneraled, has his share of the
blood of the old Scandinavian vikings. After great search-
ings of the heart he devised his scheme and bided his time. It
was a signal and cruel revenge. Frank's Nemesis came when
there appeared to receive the silver cup for the first boy baby
of the Class of 1879 — James Horner Winston, son of Robert.
The good old county of Bertie has another honor which
should be here recorded. On the opening day one youth only
entered the agricultural department. I therefore proclaim that
Charles Bond was the first student of the first college of agri-
culture in North Carolina.
Celebration of the Opening.
The formal celebration of the opening of the University was
held September 15, 1875. It was eminently successful. The
numerous visitors were surprised and gratified at the renova-
tion of buildings and grounds effected under the direction of
the chairman of the Committee on Repairs, Mr. Cameron. Mrs.
Spencer called to her aid the young ladies of Chapel Hill and
decorated the Chapel with exquisite taste. The portraits of
great men of the University borrowed from the two societies —
Davie, Caldwell, and Swain, Mitchell, and Phillips, Hawks
and Badger, Ruffin, Graham, and Manly — were hung on the
walls. There was a single motto in letters of evergreens :
"Laus Deo."
The Salisbury band, without charge, furnished excellent
music. At 11 o'clock Mr. John R. Hutchins, of the Class of
1852, as Chief Marshal, and Mayor A. S. Barbee, of the Class
of i860, and several of the students as assistants, formed a
procession, as in the days of yore, in front of the South Build-
ing and marched to the Chapel. The rostrum was occupied
by Governor Brogden, Judge Battle, Dr. William Hooper,
Governor Vance, Dr. Phillips, and Professors Mangum and
Redd. Trustees and distinguished visitors were in the area in
front. The Chapel was full, floor and galleries, of worthy men
and beautiful women. Among the men were about fifty stu-
96 History of University of North Carolina.
dents of the Horner School, near Hillsboro. The band began
with "Auld Lang Syne." Prayer was offered by Dr. William
Hooper, who matriculated seventy years before. The opening
hymn was then read by Professor Redd. It was composed by
William A. Betts, a graduate of 1880, late an honored member
of the South Carolina Conference of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, now in the Florida Conference, whose father, Rev. A.
D. Betts, a graduate and Trustee, married his mother, a beau-
tiful girl of Chapel Hill, while in the Senior Class.
Great God of Heaven: condescend
To meet Thy servants here;
Where once we worshipped, Thee again
We gratefully revere.
Be present while with joyful hearts
We consecrate anew
This hallowed spot, in Thine own name,
And to Thy service true.
Favor again, 0 God, these walls
Where once Thy Spirit shone;
Send help and wisdom, and may all
The glory be Thine own.
Dr. Phillips, the Chairman of the Faculty, rose to introduce
Governor Brogden. He prefaced his introduction by a few
remarks as to the past and future policy of the institution.
Among other things he said that it had been sarcastically re-
marked that the University had "neither politics nor religion."
In the broad sense of these words it was false, as we teach the
principles of true statesmanship and of Christianity. But in
the sense that the professor will rigidly abstain from attempt-
ing to influence students for or against any political party or
religious denomination, the charge is true. All parties and
sects shall be treated with perfect impartiality.
Governor Curtis H. Brogden then made an address, full of
animation, with language ornate and strong, pressing the im-
portance of education, classical, professional, technical, pri-
mary and collegiate, as necessary to modern progress. The
Governor made many friends. His compliments to the ladies
T. J. Jarvis
Mrs. Corxf.ua Phillips Spenxer
Wm. L. Saunders
Richard H. Battle
The Formal Opening. 97
were very happy, but some of them wondered if he believed
all he said why he had not sued for and obtained for himself
one of the angelic beings he described.
Ex-Governor Vance then in his usual felicitous style intro-
duced the orator of the day, ex-Judge William H. Battle, a
graduate of the Class of 1820. To quote from a contemporary
letter to the Raleigh News: "Judge Battle's was the tender
task to awaken the echoes of memory, and bid us remember,
resemble, and persevere." He took a survey of the history of
the University. He gave sketches of some of its illustrious
sons, and an estimate of their influence on the history of the
State. Both addresses were highly appreciated.
Professor Mangum, with a graceful compliment to the
author of the hymn, Mrs. Spencer, who had written it for this
occasion, gave out the following lines, which were sung to the
tune of Old Hundred, the band leading.
Eternal source of light and truth,
To Thee again our hearts we raise;
Except Thou build and keep the house,
In vain the laborer spends his days.
Without Thine aid in vain our zeal
Strives to rebuild the broken walls;
Vainly our sons invoke the muse
Among these sacred groves and walls.
From off Thine altar send a coal,
As burning seraphs erst have brought;
Relight the flame that once inspired
The faithful teachers and the taught.
Pour on our path Thy cloudless light,
That from Thy constant favor springs;
Let heart and hand be strong beneath
The shadow of Almighty wings.
Recall, O God! the golden days;
May rude, unfruitful discord cease;
Our sons in troops exulting throng
The ancient haunts of white-robed Peace!
98 History of University of North Carolina.
So shall our upward way be fair,
As that our sainted fathers trod,
Again the "Priest and Muse" declare
The holy oracles of God.
The proceedings in the Chapel were closed by a benediction
and the audience separated with their hearts full of thankful-
ness for the new life of the institution they loved so well.
The venerable Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies were re-
inaugurated during the evening. The Dialectic was called to-
gether by Thomas M. Argo, Esq., the last Secretary, and Judge
Wra. H. Battle was made temporary President.
The Philanthropic Society was called together by Col. Wm.
L. Saunders, in whose care its books were placed in 1868 when
the last meeting was held.
It has been shown how the good old University was started
again on its career of usefulness and honor. Its friends have
been rapidly swelling in numbers, while its enemies are mani-
festly growing fewer. May its prosperity for the next third
of a century increase as rapidly in proportion as it has in-
creased since 1875 !
CHAPTER III.
Newspaper Attacks After the Revival.
It was at this time that a labored newspaper attack was made
on the constitution of the Board of Trustees and the Faculty
by Rev. L. S. Burkhead, president of the Board of Trustees of
Trinity College. The points made were that, although the
Methodists were about one hundred thousand in number and
paid their proportion of taxes, yet in the management of the
University the Episcopalians and Presbyterians, about one-
tenth in number, were the controlling power. Indeed, it was
charged that the Episcopalians were about one-half of the
Board of Trustees and of course managed things in their own
interest. Especial complaint was made that a recent Methodist
candidate for the Professorship of Natural History had not
been elected.
Mr. Burkhead favored a University provided that its in-
struction should be so high as not to come into competition
with the colleges and provided that the Methodists should
have their share of the Trustees and Faculty.
Hon. Walter L. Steele, a Methodist of high standing in the
church, who was for years one of our most efficient Trustees,
thought it best to answer these criticisms. And Rev. Dr. Wil-
liam Closs, a most influential Presiding Elder, took the same
side. Instead of making a verbatim report of the points they
made I give them as concisely as possible in my own language.
The Trustees are of high character, chosen by the General
Assembly, elected for their attachment to the University, en-
tirely without reference to the denomination to which they
belong. They vote for the best interests of the institution and
no instance can be given to the contrary. If they had done so
there were associates of another faith who would have cried
aloud and spared not.
ioo History of University of North Carolina.
If the Professors are to be apportioned among the denomi-
nations in proportion to numbers, we will be in a difficulty
arising from the fact of there being denominations of like
names. For example, there were Methodists South, Metho-
dist Protestants, and Christian Methodists. The Baptists are
divided into Primitive Baptists, Christian (Campbellites), and
Free Will Baptists. And what is to be done for those belong-
ing to neither of the denominations named and the large num-
ber of those belonging to no church? These pay their taxes
and are entitled to consideration as much as the large religious
organizations.
Moreover, the University is a State institution, not an in-
stitution belonging to the religious denominations. It would
be a gross breach of duty to pass by the best man and elect an
inferior for ecclesiastical considerations. The case complained
of by Dr. Burkhead is in point. The Trustees sought for and
obtained an expert in Natural History, who had devoted years
to that special branch, whereas the Methodist candidate had no
special training, though he was, of course, a man of general
intelligence and information.
It was asserted and could not be contradicted that the Trus-
tees had never voted on denominational considerations, and
had never failed to elect a Methodist or Baptist of proper
qualifications, whose name was before the Board. Meeting
infrequently as they did they confined their attention to those
presented to them, in other words to those who applied directly
or through their friends.
It may be true that the Episcopalian and Presbyterian Trus-
tees are more in number than the Methodist and Baptist
Trustees, but their church affiliation had nothing to do with
their election. They were chosen by the General Assembly
as State officers and they represent the State as such. The
University is no more a sectarian institution than North Caro-
lina is a Methodist State because Governor Jarvis is a Meth-
odist. The Trustees were chosen because of their honesty,
ability, and sincere desire to revive the University. If they
should be elected on any other grounds the institution would
certainly fail. If they should be chosen merely to equalize the
Attacks on the University. ioi
denominations, not because of desire to promote its prosperity,
its success would be impossible.
Many claim to be friends of the University provided only
that "it be a University indeed" ; in other words, shall not
compete with the colleges, shall have its courses so high that
only the graduates of the colleges shall pursue them. These
are really its enemies, or they are thoughtless. To have no
undergraduate studies would demand that it have higher requi-
sites than Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and other great institu-
tions. Such a University would not have a dozen students and
the General Assembly in disgust would withdraw the appro-
priation.
It seems that the argument of Dr. Closs and Colonel Steele
prevailed with the members of their church. The opposition
soon died out. We hear no more of it.
Another insidious attack on the University was not infre-
quently used, and had weight with timid parents — that Epis-
copal influences would so surround students that they might be
induced to desert their religious faith. The answer to this is
the fact that no such lapse as that has ever occurred, nor have
any such influences ever been exerted. A University officer
would be guilty of gross misfeasance if he should become a
religious propagandist and numerous eyes, quick to detect
wrong-doing in a member of the Faculty, would be ready to
expose him. One familiar with college life knows that prose-
lyting is impossible. There is no tradition in over one hundred
years of the University life that it was ever attempted.
One of the most common arguments against the University
was that the denominational colleges would be deprived of
their students and seriously injured if not ruined by its success.
The plainest answer to this is a flat denial. President Battle
counted up the Senior classes of the, schools that he visited
and others which he did not visit, and estimated that there
were five thousand youths quite as able to obtain higher educa-
tion as the eight hundred then in the University and all the
colleges. Stir up the spirit of education and the numbers of
all will be doubled or trebled. This estimate has been proved
to be true and we now hear no more of this objection.
102 History of University of North Carolina.
It was endeavored to prevent the resort of young men to the
University by urging upon parents the danger to the morals as
well as religious principles of their sons. Hence arguments
were sedulously used throughout the State, not only that the
University was "an Episcopal concern," because some of its
officers were of that faith, but that it bred infidelity and
atheism, in which there was not a word of truth ; that it was
a hotbed of drunkenness and wildness, because before the war
there was a considerable amount of the same, but a minimum
amount now ; and other statements of the same character. The
plan was adopted successfully of not dignifying these charges
with answers, and it was not long before our students, settling
in various communities, proved by their orderly behavior and
high character that the University was a safe place for young
men. It was ridiculous to keep up the cry of danger of per-
versions when not one pervert was ever heard of, while on the
contrary students frequently joined their own churches while
members of the University.
Again, it is manifest that if the State is debarred from help-
ing her own institution on account of supposed injury to cer-
tain denominational colleges, a serious injustice would be done
to the various minor religious organizations, and to persons be-
longing to no church. It would be forcing them to subject
their children to loss of higher training or to influences which
their consciences do not approve, a species of propagandism
contrary to the genius of our institutions, although pleasing to
bitter partisans.
A prominent preacher published in a much read newspaper
an attack on President Battle for besieging the Legislature for
"State aid," alleging that Presidents Caldwell and Swain both
attained great success without it. The reply was overwhelm-
ing, that the State gave the University military land warrants
to be located in Tennessee, — that its prosperity under Caldwell
arose from the sale of a large portion of these warrants soon
after 1820. The sales ceased after the panic of 1825 and the
University almost ceased to have life. The remainder of the
warrants were sold in 1835 for about $200,000 and prosperity
under Swain came from that sale. And when bv the results of
Reply to Attacks. 103
the war the endowment from State aid was lost the University
was in sore straits, nigh unto death. Always whenever it had
no State aid, arising from the donated escheated warrants, the
institution languished. It is impossible to have a successful
University on tuition receipts alone under any circumstances,
and the impossibility becomes more manifest when there is a
large number of free students. The assailant of Dr. Battle
then changed his expression from "'State aid" to "State aid by
taxation," a distinction too absurd for reasonable men.
It was of the utmost importance that, in the various attacks
by the opponents of the University, no acrimonious words
should be used nor angry controversy engaged in. My plan
was to confine myself to a simple explanation, correcting errors
in good temper on the assumption that the adversary was
under an honest mistake and would be pleased to know the
truth. I was under great temptation to print an angry answer
when an editor denounced me for being a lobbyist and "using
all the arts of one." I consulted my constant adviser, a very
wise man, Colonel William L. Saunders, Secretary of State, a
Trustee and Secretary and Treasurer of the University. The
Colonel was amused at my excitement. He said, ''Where will
you publish your answer? If in the News and Observer those
who take your adversary's paper will never read it. If you
send it to his paper, and if he publishes it at all, he will accom-
pany it with a comment and with innuendos which will nullify
or weaken the disclaimer. Better let it alone. The Members
of the General Assembly know to what extent you are a lobby-
ist. Such a preposterous charge will not injure you at all."
I saw the wisdom of his counsel and avoided controversy.
The following statement is made to show the care necessary
to conciliate opposition when the fate of the University was
trembling in the balance. Some of the University alumni in-
dulged in such bitter taunts against the Republicans for having
ruined the institution, that there was danger that party antag-
onism might be aroused against the new management. I
took occasion to interview Judges Settle and Tourgee, Mr.
Dockery and others, and to promise faithfully that the Uni-
versity should be conducted strictly without partisan bias. The
104 History of University of North Carolina.
Trustees who were active in the revival of the institution,
such as ex-Governor Graham, Rev. Dr. McKay, Colonel Steele,
Colonel Carter, Colonel Saunders, Mr. P. C. Cameron, Judge
Wm. H. Battle, Colonel Means, Mr. F. H. Busbee, Colonel
Kenan, General Carr, Captain Day, Mr. R. H. Battle, and oth-
ers carefully pursued this policy, and the Faculty did likewise.
The students also showed a freedom from party prejudice
quite remarkable. I once visited the Dialectic Society when in
session. I noticed that out of the seven officers, the presidency
and four others were held by Republicans. The students
showed little party feeling even in election times. ■
Afterwards when the Republican State Convention was
about to meet I paid a visit to Judge Settle to interest him in
preventing a declaration against the University being made a
part of the Republican platform of principles. He and I were
members of the Dialectic Society together. He had command-
ing influence with his party, having been already picked out as
the nominee for the Governorship. I can not say how much
my visit accomplished, but certainly no attack was ever made
by him or his party on the institution. I was able to tell him
after he and Vance spoke at Hillsboro that our students, who
were allowed to hear the contest, gave the preference to his
speech over Vance's as a specimen of oratory. Mr. S.. F.
Phillips did me the honor of saying that my trying to write a
plank in the Republican platform was worthy of Governor
Swain.
New Professors.
In July, i8/5-'76, Mr. Carey D. Grandy, of Oxford, was ap-
pointed Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Chemistry.
He received his collegiate education at the Virginia Military
Institute and was an able and thorough teacher.
In the same summer Mr. Frederick William Simonds was
elected by the Trustees Professor of Geology, Zoology, and
Botany. His training was at Cornell University, where he was
Instructor. Soon after his election he obtained a degree of
Doctor of Philosophy at Syracuse University, that institution
requiring a rigid examination but in proper cases dispensing
with residence. He proved to be an expert in his department.
*?•*.
Alexander McIver
A. \Y. Mangum
John Manning
F. W. SlMONDS
Historical Society Incorporated. 105
In his instruction he required the pupils to draw the parts of
insects, plants, and geologic formations with accuracy and
neatness. Being requested to give a lecture in Raleigh before
the State Agricultural Society, he made a profound impression
on his hearers. An intelligent farmer, who had been for years
a teacher, Mr. David Ker, uncle of Prof. W. C. Kerr, remarked
as he left for home, ''The best thing I saw at the Fair was that
Chapel Hill Professor at the blackboard, drawing the figures
in his lecture with both hands."
Dr. Simonds was Professor until May, 1878, when he was
unfortunately the victim of a severe attack of pneumonia, his
wife being prostrated at the same time with the same disease.
They thought it best to live for some years in California. He
resigned his chair and became Superintendent of the Graded
Schools of Los Angeles. After recovering his health he ac-
cepted the Professorship of Natural History in the University
of Texas, which position he now holds. Our Faculty passed
very flattering resolutions of commendation and regret at his
departure from Chapel Hill.
The Historical Society.
The Historical Society of Xorth Carolina held a formal ses-
sion in June, 1876. Judge John Kerr was elected President
in place of ex-Governor Graham, deceased.
The ante-war Historical Society had no charter, was a mere
voluntary organization. It was thought best to procure an act of
incorporation, especially with the view of receiving the books
and papers in the possession of Mrs. Eleanor Swain. This was
done March 22, 1875, w^h the name of the Historical Society
of North Carolina. The incorporators named were William A.
Graham, William Hooper, Thomas Atkinson. Charles Phillips,
F. M. Hubbard, Charles F. Deems, Braxton Craven, William
H. Battle, M. E. Manly, B. F. Moore, R. M. Pearson, E. G.
Reade, Nereus Mendenhall, John H. Wheeler, Z. B. Vance,
Calvin H. Wiley, George Davis, William Eaton, R. B. Creecy,
D. H. Hill, S. D. Pool, W. C. Kerr, William S. Harris, K. P.
Battle, G. D. Bernheim, George V. Strong, Cyrus L. Hunter,
and Cornelia Phillips Spencer. This list contains some of the
io6 History of University of North Carolina.
names of those who had the reputation of being interested in
historical pursuits. The corporation had the powers conferred
in Chapter 26 of Battle's Revisal, as well as those specially
named in the charter. The corporation could acquire and hold
property, principally books and papers of the late Historical
Society of North Carolina. The officer in charge of the
Capitol could give the Society the use of a room, provided it
would not inconvenience a State officer or a committee of the
General Assembly. The corporation was organized under this
charter, ex-Governor Graham being chosen President.
Notwithstanding the distinguished names of the corporators
the people of the State could not be induced to become mem-
bers of the Society. Three strenuous efforts have been made
to procure members at the small fee of one dollar, but in vain.
Mrs. Swain refused to surrender the books and papers of the
old Society, alleging that they were the private property of her
late husband. Mrs. Spencer, who was one of her intimate
friends, at the request of the Society, exhausted her powers
of persuasion in the endeavor to induce her to change her
decision.
At President Swain's death there were in the collection, letters
of Washington, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Joseph
Bonaparte, Baron DeKalb, Edmund Fanning, General Gates,
General Greene, Cornelius Harnett, Thomas Jefferson, John
Paul Jones, La Fayette, James Madison, James K. Polk, John
Rutledge, Count de Rochambeau, Baron Steuben, Talleyrand,
Chief Justice Taney, General Wayne, Daniel Webster, Gen-
eral Lincoln, and many others. Some are still on hand.
Evidently some came from the papers of Governor Burke and
Governor Caswell, and strictly belonged originally to the State.
Until the building of the Capitol at Raleigh public documents
were kept by officers at their homes and often were not care-
fully separated from their private papers. Very many were
hopelessly lost. President Swain should not be harshly blamed
for the loss of manuscripts in his possession as trustee, be-
cause his death was unexpected. He had until he was stricken
senseless a full hope of recovery, and at the time of his
death he claimed to be President of the University. There was
Important Historical Collections. 107
no other President, Mr. Pool being elected some months after-
ward. We must suppose that if he had lived that he would
have done what was right. He never claimed the papers as his
own. On the contrary he had aided in publishing in a forgot-
ten copy of the University magazine the fact that they belonged
to the Historical Society. At the date of his death there was
no one entitled to receive them. He was petitioning the new
Board to recognize him as President of the University and
rightful custodian of the property. Mrs. Swain, finding the
books and papers in his library alongside his own, and mixed
with letters of her grandfather. Governor Caswell, naturally
thought that they were vested in her as executrix. President
Pool made no claim for them, so she had nearly seven years
possession before the new North Carolina Society applied to
her for their transfer, and naturally regarded her title as inde-
feasible.
Afterwards she found a paper stating that the bound books
in the collection were the property of the Historical Society,
and she promptly surrendered them. Furthermore she be-
queathed by will the unsold papers and manuscripts to the
State or to the University as her executors, Judge Walter
Clark and Mr. R. H. Battle, should elect. After subjecting
them to the inspection of Col. W. L. Saunders to be used in
finishing the Colonial Records, they decided in favor of the
University, so that the title is not in the Historical Society.
While the collection is valuable there are lamentable gaps in
it. It is stated and believed, though I know not the authority,
that autographs were selected and sold to Dr. Thomas Addis
Emmett, of New York, for $400. Mr. Paul C. Cameron is
authority for the statement that at least one hundred letters,
addressed to his grandfather, Richard Bennehan, were loaned
to President Swain. Not one can be found. A similar fact is
true in regard to the Webb papers from the collections of
Members of Congress to Alexander Mebane and Richard Stan-
ford. Mr. John M. Webb, the eminent teacher of Bellbuckle,
Tennessee, made a special journey of twenty miles to recover
these from President Swain, but was influenced to return home
without them. They have all disappeared. The portrait of
108 History of University of North Carolina.
George III, which General Nathanael Greene turned face to
wall and wrote on the back, "Oh, George ! hide thy face and
mourn," was loaned to President Swain. It was sold at the
auction of Mrs. Swain's effects and was purchased by Mr.
Wm. J. Andrews, of Raleigh.
A part of Judge Archibald Murphey's collections were once
in the custody of the mythical North Carolina Historical So-
ciety. They were loaned to Joseph S. Jones, usually called
Shocco Jones, the author of "A Defence of North Carolina."
When he left North Carolina for Mississippi he deposited
the box containing the Murphey papers in the building of the
Branch Bank of Cape Fear, at Raleigh. After some years
Wm. A. Graham, then Governor, and President Swain induced
the bank officers to surrender them to the latter. I think some
of these have disappeared.
Death of Dr. Hooper.
On the 4th July, 1876, Rev. Dr. Wm. Hooper, former Pro-
fessor in the University, then living with his son-in-law, Prof.
J. DeBerniere Hooper, journeyed to Philadelphia to attend a
meeting of the descendants of the Signers of the Declaration
of Independence. The visit was fatal to him. He never re-
covered from the exposures suffered in the journey. He died
on the 25th of August, and at his request was buried by the
side of his mother and her second husband, President Joseph
Caldwell, in the grave once marked by a crumbling sandstone
shaft. In 1904 the remains of the three bodies were trans-
ferred to the east side of the new Caldwell monument as is
particularly described in the first volume of this history.
The Faculty passed resolutions, penned by Mrs. Cornelia
Phillips Spencer. "Dr. Hooper's life was a bright example of
Christian virtue, of rare culture and of singular social excel-
lence." In 1816 he brought his bride, a daughter of Solicitor-
General Jones, to Chapel Hill and began his life work as
preacher and teacher. He devoted with unselfish aim to the
service of his fellow men, talents and attainments which in the
academy and in the pulpit, or with the aid of the press, were
never idle. "He gave the University his best vears, was dur-
Needs of the Departments. 109
ing his whole life its staunch friend, and shed on her the lustre
of his ripe and elegant scholarship, his broad and catholic
charity, his unblemished career as a most useful and honored
citizen and noble Christian gentleman."
Meeting of Trustees.
In i876-'77 Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips was granted a furlough
for the purpose of going North in order to consult experts in
regard to his disease. The benefit proved to be very slight, if
any at all. Professors Graves and Grandy very ably supplied
his place.
Professor Redd, who had under his charge two great de-
partments, Chemistry and Physics, found it impracticable to
do justice to them without a large addition to the apparatus
for instruction. The $200 heretofore allowed him proved
altogether insufficient. He accordingly asked for $600 for
General Chemistry, $1,000 for Applied Chemistry, and $1,500
for Physics, in all $3,100. The Board concluded to allow him
$2,000, not a large sum, but seriously encroaching on the assets
of the University. Professor Redd was not, however, long
burdened with Physics, it being thought best, with his con-
currence, to place that department under charge of Professor
Graves. Professor Kimberly was voted $200 for his depart-
ment. Mr. Kimberly was nearly as lavish in his requests as
Professor Redd. He had been teaching in the basement of
Smith Hall, the old laboratory. He asked for $1,500 to re-
move to the New East Building and $1,300 for the purchase
of various utensils. As he resigned his professorship no action
was taken, though $200 was voted to his department.
Messrs. B. F. Moore, Seaton Gales, and K. P. Battle were
appointed to raise funds by donation for additional apparatus
and Mrs. Cornelia Phillips Spencer was requested to procure
gifts of the same kind. The success of Mrs. Spencer is else-
where shown ; that of the committee was inconsiderable.
Professor Winston offered a prize of $10 for the best Latin
student and $15 for the best and $10 for the next best of the
students of 1877. Professor Redd offered similar prizes in
chemistrv.
no History of University of North Carolina.
Mrs. Spencer handed over to the Treasurer of the Board
$43 contributed by the young ladies of the Misses Nash and
Kollock school for the purchase of a barometer. Also a check
for $25 sent by Mrs. Jos. J. Davis, paid by ladies of Louis-
burg, for the purchase of scientific apparatus.
Behavior of Students.
The first session of the reborn University, ending June, 1876,
was harmonious as a rule. The sixty-nine students seemed
to feel their responsibility, to realize that the eyes of the State
were on them, that apprehension was felt that at Chapel Hill
would be a revival of the wild pranks that were played in the
days before the war. There were two or three, however,
whose spirit of mischief or love of fun could not be repressed.
Nocturnal peals came from the University bell, and shouts
resounded which were not in the course of elocutionary prac-
tice. Some of the old by-laws, reinstated by the Trustees,
were exceedingly vexatious and their reasonableness was not
apparent to the students. The younger Professors occasionally
engaged in races after law breakers and showed fleetness of
foot in pursuit of robbers of the repose of the students and
villagers.
On one occasion there was a revival going on in one of the
churches of the town. At a mock meeting of a small group of
students burlesque sermons were preached, ridiculous ex-
hortations addressed to grinning sinners, pretended mourn-
ers called up. This thoughtless desecration steeled the hearts
of the Faculty against the offenders, five in number. Efforts
were made to procure pardon for them. Ladies in town peti-
tioned for them. The two societies added their petition, offer-
ing to be responsible for their good behavior. But the Faculty
were unrelenting. When those under condemnation, who were
popular among their fellows, entered their carriage to journey
over the melancholy road to Durham, the students in sympa-
thetic procession, in some instances deserting their classrooms,
escorted them to near the corporate limits of Chapel Hill.
Passing the house of Dr. Phillips they were stopped by the
Report of Visiting Committee, 1876. 111
highly respected Chairman of the Faculty. His solemn and
touching address of admonition and appeal, beginning: "Gen-
tlemen, this is all wrong," will never be forgotten by those who
heard it. It was instantly and completely successful and the
marchers turned back ashamed. There were no further signs
of insubordination. Four of those dismissed were later allowed
to return and became graduates.
Three members of the Visiting Committee, viz., Kemp P.
Battle, Chairman, Rev. Dr. N. McKay, and John Manning,
Rev. Dr. Wiley and Major Gales absent, spent several days
at Chapel Hill and made a critical inspection of the condition
of the University and the methods of instruction. They con-
cluded that the Agricultural Department, as separate from
the others, was a failure and would probably continue to be
so. Those taking the branches relating to agriculture could
do so in other classes pursuing scientific subjects. The com-
mittee therefore recommended that a young man be employed
who had paid particular attention to Biology, Botany and
kindred branches at an initial salary of $1,000. As Professor
Kimberly was an expert in Chemistry only, which was under
the charge of Professor Redd, and was not an expert in these
subjects, he resigned his chair and returned to Buncombe,
where he soon died. The saving of a large part of his salary
was of importance to the University treasury.
The Visiting Committee further reported that, owing to the
frequent disability fit)m sickness of the Chairman of the
Faculty, Dr. Phillips, the interests of the University required
the election of a President. He should not have as onerous
duties in teaching as Dr. Phillips had, but should spend much
time in making addresses and popularizing the University. The
Board adopted the suggestion and agreed to meet on the 16th
of June, 1876, in Raleigh, for the purpose of choosing this
officer.
On the 26th of May, 1876, died a very prominent educator,
Ralph Henry Graves, the elder, who was an efficient Tutor of
Mathematics in the University, 1837 to 1843, an<3 then a
ii2 History of University of North Carolina.
Principal of classical schools of high reputation, for some
years a partner with James H. Horner, in the excellent Horner
and Graves School at Oxford and Hillsboro. He was father of
Prof. R. H. Graves, of the University. The resolution passed
by the University is not at all exaggerated. It was said "His
course affords an example of elevated principle in his social
relations, of faithfulness and proficiency in the discharge of
his professional duties, and of honorable zeal in the cause
of education. Of a spirit pure and unselfish he united the
firmness of the faith which he professed with Christian hu-
mility and meekness. * * * The memory of his virtue
will still live and shed a benign influence upon the minds of
all who appreciate moral excellence."
The resolution was written by Prof. J. DeBerniere Hooper,
the elegance of whose style was much admired.
Commencement of 1876.
In preparing for Commencement the Faculty concluded to
abolish public declamation, as being beneath the dignity of
the University. It was thought best to teach the manner of
speaking in the classroom. The two societies were requested
to choose six debaters each, leaving to the Faculty to desig-
nate out of these three from each. This plan was not accept-
able to the electing bodies, so they chose three representatives
each and tendered them to the Faculty, who acquiesced in the
arrangement.
Mr. R. H. Smith, of Halifax, a prominent planter and law-
yer of Halifax, was chosen to deliver an address on Agricul-
tural Education. He declined and Prof. W. C. Kerr, State
Geologist, was substituted. Judge Robert P. Dick accepted
the invitation to deliver an address on Education. Mr. K.
P. Battle was invited to deliver an address on the Past, Present
and Future of the University, but he was unable to comply
on account of conflicting engagements. Governor Vance was
pressed to deliver an address on the Life and Character of the
late President Swain, which he was unable to do until the next
year. Rev. Dr. Thomas H. Pritchard, of the Baptist Church,
was selected to preach the annual sermon.
Commencement of 1876. 113
The Commencement of 1876 revived the memories of the
grand ceremonies of old times. The attendance was large,
the addresses of the best, and the weather in temperature and
shine of sun perfect. The preacher and orators had won wide
fame as public speakers.
The original speeches by the society representatives were
voted to be quite equal to' the efforts usually heard on such
occasions. They were delivered on Tuesday night. Arthur
Arrington, of Louisburg, spoke on "The Influence of Great
Examples" ; William B. Phillips, of Chapel Hill, on "The An-
cient German Confederation" ; W. J. Peele, of Northampton
County, on "Liberty"; R. L. Payne, of Lexington, on "Esse
quam Videri" ; J. B. Lewis, of Xash County, a Eulogy on
Edwin W. Fuller, and John H. Dobson, of Surry County, on
"North Carolina."
On Wednesday morning the address before the two literary
societies was delivered by Hon. Alfred Moore Waddell, a
Representative in Congress and an alumnus of the University
of the Class of 1854. He was distinguished for his eloquence
and polished diction and fully on this day sustained his repu-
tation. He was introduced to the audience by R. E. Caldwell,
with whom on the stage were J. McNeill and E. J. Hill.
In the evening the annual sermon was preached by Rev.
Dr. Thomas H. Pritchard. He was eminent as one of the
ablest preachers in his denomination in the State, the Baptist,
and indeed in any denomination. His sermon was full of
wise counsel, couched in burning words, directed against the
infidelity of the age.
On Thursday, being Commencement Day, there was an
oration by Hon. Robert P. Dick, of the Class of 1843, a Judge
of the Supreme Court of this State and afterwards of the
United States District Court. The invitation to him showed
a determination to have no politics in the management of the
institution. His address was so felicitous and eloquent that
the Trustees gave him a vote of thanks. The behavior of
the students throughout the week was so exceedingly orderly
that the Board of Trustees recorded a vote of thanks to them
also.
ii4 History of University of North Carolina.
While there was general commendation of the speeches of
the representatives of the two literary societies, not a few of
the young ladies said that the words of, Mr. P. C. Cameron
in congratulation of and counsel to the young men who had
won prizes were among the best things at Commencement. In
truth his short speeches were always the most appropriate of
their kind.
At the close of Judge Dick's address, there being no gradu-
ates, the annual report was read.
A contemporary writer makes this note : "Messrs. W. B.
Phillips, of Chapel Hill, and R. L. Payne, of Lexington, proved
themselves so nearly equal in scholarship in their chemical
studies that the Faculty was unable to decide between them,
and a medal was assigned to each. The two young rivals in
honorable strife walked up arm in arm to receive their prizes."
The Chief Marshal, Mr. Frank M. Fremont, filled his office
with grace and dignity and was well supported by his aids,
W. B. Phillips and R. L. Payne, Di's, and Julian Baker and
Joseph C. Powell, Phi's. The ladies were present in full force
from Hillsboro, Raleigh, Fayetteville, Charlotte, Greensboro,
Pittsboro, Louisburg, Durham, Lexington, Xew Bern, and
Chapel Hill. The young people had their usual festivities at
the Ball on Thursday night, and everything passed off as merry
as a marriage bell.
The honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity {D.D.), was
conferred on Rev. Joseph Caldwell Huske, of Fayetteville,
and Rev. Evander McNair, of Arkansas. Dr. Huske was a
graduate in 1841.
In recognition of the ability with which he had conducted
his department, George T. Winston was created a full Pro-
fessor of Latin and German. Professor Hooper was confined
to Greek and French.
At a meeting of the Board of Trustees it was voted that the
interests of the University required the election of a President
and a special meeting was called for that purpose in the Gov-
ernor's office in Raleigh on June 16th and that the Secre-
tary should give notice of the same especially to each Trustee.
Election of a President. 115
As the time of election of a President approached there de-
veloped two parties with their peculiar views on the subject
of fitness for the position.
Some few of the younger Trustees wished for a man who
had been strikingly identified on the part of the South in the
recent war. They favored Jefferson Davis, Joseph E. John-
ston, William Preston, son of Albert Sidney Johnston, or
Gen. Matt W. Ransom. The other party thought that the
financial and other difficulties required a native of the State
known to and acquainted with her people, peculiarly identified
with the University and loving it with his whole soul, a Demo-
crat, yet not an active politician, and therefore not offensive
to men of the opposite party. He must also be a man with
experience in dealing with men and not easily ruffled into
loss of temper or vindictive retaliation by opposition however
malignant. Above all he must be a "one-idead man," and
that idea the University.
Secretary Battle had addressed all his energies to the re-
vival of the University, the difficulties in the way being more
formidable than can be understood at this day. The success
of the lovers of the University has already been chronicled,
but with only sixty-nine students the first year, a gratifying
number, however, under the circumstances, it was manifest
that better things must be accomplished. An officer must be
chosen who would not only be the directing power at Chapel
Hill, but who would keep the University before the public by
writings and speeches, and, whenever possible, by obtaining
money.
Several Trustees had from time to time in 1875 expressed
to Mr. Kemp Plummer Battle their wishes that he would con-
sent to allow his name to go before the Board for the office, but
his answer was that he had a home in Raleigh, of which he and
his wife were fond, and that he doubted if he had the tempera-
ment of an executive officer, that when he was student and
Trustee eight years the duties of President Swain seemed to
him the most irksome and unpleasant of any imaginable. But
when he saw the failure of the plan of having a Chairman of
the Facultv and the urgent need of an active chief officer, and
n6 ' History of University of North Carolina.
that no available man was before the public, he began to have
grave "searchings of heart."
The urgency of an old friend, a deskmate at school when
they were ten years of age, determined him to undertake the
perilous task. It was Col. Rufus Lenoir Patterson, a Republi-
can, a great-grandson of Gen. William Lenoir, of the Revolu-
tion, and son of Gen. Samuel F. Patterson, once State Treas-
urer. He was a Trustee of the University as were his father
and great-grandfather, and had lived in Raleigh when a boy,
his father then being President of the Raleigh and Gaston Rail-
road Company. Mr. Battle took him to ride around the city to
see the changes in thirty years. They naturally talked of the
University, of which Patterson was a graduate in 1852. He
said, "Kemp, you must agree to be President. There are some
Trustees in favor of electing a man on the war idea, of per-
petuating feelings of hostility, which ought to be allowed to
slumber. His influence will inculcate hostility to our party ;
his election will be considered an insult and the Republicans
will be bound to oppose him. We have confidence in your
fairness. You are not a bitter partisan. I feel safe in pledg-
ing my party to your support."
Secretary Battle saw the reasonableness of what he said.
He knew the strength of the forces antagonizing openly and
secretly the LTniversity, and that the Republicans held the bal-
ance of power. It could not be advanced to a higher sphere
without their cooperation. The plan of appealing to the bitter
ideas of the Civil WTar would make the University one-sided
and end in disaster. Besides no great man of the Confederacy
talked about could be induced to undertake the work for any
salary that could be paid him. To offer the Presidency to a
second rate man simply for his war services would be a fatal
mistake. This was the state of things when the Board of
Trustees met on the 1 6th of June, 1876.
Little was clone on the first day. The Board met the next
day in the Governor's office. On account of the number,
twenty-seven, adjournment was had to the Senate chamber.
The Trustees present were : J. S. Amis, D. M. Carter, W.
H. Day, P. B. Meahs, W. L. Saunders, J. H. Thorp, J. A.
President Elected. 117
Gilmer, John Manning, Dr. John Mclver, R. B. Peebles, W.
L. Twitty, John Kerr, N. McKay, B. F. Moore, R. L. Pat-
terson, W. L. Steele, Joseph Williams, W. H. Battle, K. P.
Battle, P. C. Cameron, J. A. Graham, Lewis Latham, Z. B.
Vance, C. H. Wiley, P. H. Winston, Jr., J. E. Dugger, and
S. M. Gales. After some routine business Judge Kerr moved
to go into the election of a President. The motion was car-
ried. His motion to make the salary $2,000 was amended by
Mr. Manning so as to read $2,500. In order to throw light
on the question whether a President should be elected the
Treasurer's report was called for.
The reports by the Treasurer of the receipts and expendi-
tures during the half-year are pathetic, instructive too, in
showing from what small things the new University has
grown. There was the interest on the land grant, $3,750.
Then there was an extraordinary item and not likely to be
repeated, an escheat of $1,516.80. This was liable to be re-
paid if an owner should appear in five years, which fortunately
did not happen. The next item was tuition fees collected semi-
annually from the sixty-nine students, which was for the year
$1,680. There were temporary loans $1,096, and subscriptions
to the revival of the University not needed for repairs $3,320.
In all $11,362.80, and of this meagre amount the prospective
amount of tuition fees was a totally uncertain quantity, the in-
terest paid by the State would of course remain stationary, the
loans and subscriptions would soon disappear, and no escheat
would probably again fall in.
The expenditures for the first term included $6,651.31 for
repairs, $3,860 for salaries, $322.02 for apparatus, $300.20 for
advertising and printing, and $98.64 for court cost, freight
and postage, leaving a balance in the treasury of $405.61.
The New President. 1876.
Judge Gilmer moved to go into the election of a President,
which was agreed to. Secretary Battle obtained leave to re-
tire and W. L. Saunders took his place. The vote was by
ballot. Kemp Plummer Battle was nominated by Judge Gil-
n8 History of University of North Carolina.
mer and received sixteen votes, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston,
nominated by W. H. Day, five; M. W. Ransom one, and
Montfort McGehee three, so that Battle was chosen by over
three-fifths majority. Being sent for he accepted the office,
making no speech because many Trustees were desirous of
taking the train soon to start. Resigning the office of Sec-
retary and Treasurer, Major Seaton Gales was chosen in his
stead.
A newspaper of the day has this to say in regard to the
propriety of electing Secretary Battle to the Presidenc) :
"When reorganization was undertaken the first suggestion
was the selection of a President who would give character to
the institution and attract patronage by the fame of its chief.
High scholarship was not so much the desideratum as that
brilliant general reputation in arms or in politics, so fasci-
nating to young men. Most fortunately the fortunes of the
University were then too humble to attract these shining lights
down into the obscure academic groves, and the choice was
then narrowed to home and our people. It fell, when nar-
rowed, by common consent upon Kemp P. Battle, to whom
the common judgment assigned, and very rightly too, remark-
able qualifications. He had been educated at the University,
he had served for some years as tutor in the institution, he
had become a lawyer and a successful one, he was a planter,
and a good and practical one, he had been State Treasurer of
North Carolina, and in every position had displayed sound
practical sense, enlightened by broad views ; and also such
perfect integrity and just and fair dealing that every feature
combined to make his selection the'fittest that could have been
made. He accepted with much personal sacrifice, for he sur-
rendered his business and the comforts of his charming home
in Raleigh to engage in the arduous work of reconstructing
the University, with a certain amount of privation and with
unmistakable assumption of very new and very hard labors.
* * * To his tact, his judgment, his vast industry and his
indomitable energy, his learning, his suavity of manner and
his large acquaintance with men, the resuscitation of the Uni-
versity is largely due."
President Battle's Qualifications. 119
To the above considerations moving the Trustees to their
choice can be added that from childhood Secretary Battle had
been devoted to the University, as had been his near ancestors,
his grandfather having matriculated in 1798, and his father
having graduated in 1820. He was a resident of Chapel Hill
during the most impressible part of his life, from his eleventh
to his twenty-fourth year. He was a Trustee of the old and
the new University and of the Executive Committee in both.
As chairman of a committee in 1867 he had made an elaborate
report on reorganization, which was nearly unanimously
adopted. And he had been active in procuring payment of in-
terest on the land grant by the General Assembly and contribu-
tions for repairs by the alumni and other friends.
Another consideration in favor of Secretary Battle was, as
Colonel Patterson urged, his acceptability to the leaders of
the party opposed to his. This was for two causes : First,
as State Treasurer, owing to the complication of the revenue
laws existing in i866-'68, he was called on to decide a large
number of disputed questions. He thus acted as a Judge and
was so fortunate as to gain the reputation of being strictly
impartial. In the second place, he had become weary of the
excitement of politics, and. from being an ardent partisan, he
became a quiet lawyer. The third cause of his having the
favor of the Republicans was that when as president he as-
sisted in reviving the State Agricultural Society, in the con-
duct of the Fair, the first held after the war, he gave the
leaders their due weight as judges and other officers. This
gave offense to suspicious political leaders of his own party.
He was, to his amusement, censured in the leading newspaper
for this course, and called "Mugwump" and "Brindle-tail,"'
but he correspondingly gained the favor of opponents. This
led to Governor Caldwell's selection of him as Superintendent
of Public Instruction, stating that he as such Superintendent
might obtain appropriations from a Democratic Legislature
for the education of the children of the State, but that one
of the opposite party would not be listened to. Although the
Supreme Court decided that the Governor had no right to ap-
120 History of University of North Carolina.
point the Superintendent, his endorsement of Secretary Battle
gained him favor with thinking men.
By an exhibition of ordinary honesty Mr. Battle happened
to gain popularity among the colored people. When president
of the State Agricultural Society, a silver trumpet was offered
to the Firemen's Company sending up the highest stream from
engines worked by human power, and it was won by the col-
ored company of Raleigh. The secretary read out the victory
as gained by a white company. It was probably a mistake
but the negroes thought otherwise. As soon as the president
heard of it he rectified the error, and afterwards presented the
trumpet in public to the captain of the company in the presence
of his members and of a large assembly of citizens gathered
to witness the ceremony. He accompanied the gift with a
short speech certifying to the skill and energy always shown
by the colored people in fighting fires in the city. They were
at that time suspicious of the fair dealing of the whites in
public matters and gave the president of the Agricultural So-
ciety the credit of obtaining their rights.
Moved by this kindly feeling, when there was a vacancy on
the Board of Commissioners of Raleigh, the Republicans being
in the majority, the colored members united with the Demo-
crats and elected Mr. Battle to the place. He found the
finances of the city in apparently inextricable confusion, but
availing himself of the experience gained in the office of State
Treasurer, he soon untangled the knot and placed the money
matters of the city in satisfactory shape. A Sinking Fund
was placed in his charge, a position he held until he removed
to Chapel Hill.
When Johns Hopkins University, with its ample endow-
ment, was inaugurated. President Oilman and his Professor
of Greek, Dr. B. L. Gildersleeve, made a tour of the Southern
colleges in order to gain information useful in carrying out
the will of the founder in regard to scholarships. They sought
an interview with President Battle, who happened to be in
Raleigh. In the course of the conversation Dr. Gildersleeve
asked "What is the income of your institution?" He replied.
"Seven thousand five hundred dollars from the State and tui-
The President's Policy. 121
tion fees." With a sympathizing look he said, "I am sorry
for you." The gloominess of the existing conditions was ad-
mitted, but the University had been in worse straits in former
days and had emerged with flying colors.
Session of 1876.
There was much interest felt in the opening of the new ses-
sion in July, 1876. It showed a healthful increase from sixty-
nine to one hundred and twelve, and the friends of the insti-
tution took heart.
Before his election President Battle had agreed to deliver
on the 4th of July, 1876, an address on the early history of
Raleigh in commemoration of the selection of the site of the
city in 1792. There was required much research and nothing
could be done with his University duties until the discharge
of this engagement. As soon as that was finished he jour-
neyed to Chapel Hill. The mode of conveyance from Dur-
ham was very primitive. The strength of the horses was ex-
hausted when they had arrived at the bottom of the long hill
ascending to the village, and the newly elected head of the
University, instead of arriving on the scene of his labors with
the stately ceremony befitting such an occasion, with alacrity
walked a mile up the hill, but, unlike the "mighty King of
France," did not walk down again.
He at once plunged into his new duties. In addition to
those pertaining to the executive department, he gave instruc-
tion in Constitutional and International Law, Political Econ-
omy and, to the Land Grant students, Business Law. In order
to obtain if possible a knowledge of the character of the stu-
dents he informed himself of the histories of their fathers' and
mothers' families. He copied these into a book which the
students soon called the "Pedigree Book." To the best of
his ability he carried out the policy of making them self-
respecting gentlemen. He gave credence practically to their
words even if he had doubts as to the statement. He ad-
hered to this natura] manner of treating them familiarly as
friends and no one became in consequence presumptuous.
122 History of University of North Carolina.
By the Act for the creation of the Agricultural Department
the Scientific Department of the University was strengthened,
the State Geologist being required to lecture two months on
such subjects as the Faculty might prescribe. They chose the
Geology of North Carolina.
As it was absolutely essential to deal fairly with the Land
Grant appropriation the President sought and obtained leave
to visit some Agricultural and Mechanical colleges which
had the reputation of being successful. Fortunately Prof. W.
C. Kerr. State Geologist, whose wide acquaintance with scien-
tific men much facilitated the investigations, accompanied him.
They visited Tuft's College at Boston, The Massachusetts In-
stitute of Technology, the Sheffield Scientific School, under
control of Yale University, the Wesleyan University, where
experiments were being carried on by Prof. W. O. Atwater,
the Connecticut State Fair, Williams College, the New Jersey
Agricultural and Mechanical College under the charge of Rut-
gers College, and at a subsequent time the President alone
visited the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Virginia,
at Blacksburg, now Virginia Polytechnic Institute. His ob-
servations led him to the conclusion, and he so reported, that
this University was carrying out the Act of Congress of
1862, by theoretical teaching of the branches of learning re-
lating to Agricultural and the Mechanic Arts. The cultiva-
tion of fields and orchards and the rearing of cattle, together
with experiments on all such subjects, could not be undertaken
unless special funds should be given for the purpose.
In this year it was thought best to strengthen the teaching
in the branches relating to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts
by the employment of William H. Smith, of Michigan, a Doc-
tor of Philosophy, as Professor of Natural History. He
proved to be a teacher of decided merit, quite an accomplished
expert in his department. A pamphlet wTas prepared by him
for general distribution instructing in the art of taxidermy,
probably the first attempt of this kind in the State. The circu-
lar was issued October 30, 1876, in pamphlet form. It con-
tained minute directions, such as had never been given before
in this State, for skinning and preserving the skins, feathers
The Agricultural Department. 123
and eggs of birds and mammals, for the preservation of rep-
tiles, fish, insects, plants, crabs, lobsters, starfish and sea
urchins, corals and sponges. Instructions were also given in
regard to specimens of minerals, rocks and fossils, soils and
well borings. If the directions given by Professor Smith had
been more generally followed throughout the State the Uni-
versity Museum would have been greatly increased in value,
and a practical acquaintance with it would have enlightened
our people. For personal reasons Professor Smith resigned
in the spring of 1877.
In the fall of 1876 the executive committee of the State
Grange made inquiries of President Battle as to the work of
the Agricultural Department of the University. On Novem-
ber 1 st he made an elaborate reply, which was extensively
published and quieted criticism for nearlv ten years. After
reciting the Act of Congress he called attention to the cata-
logue which showed that the "branches relating to Agricul-
ture and the Mechanic Arts" had especial attention. "For
example. Chemistry, including the composition and analysis
of soils, manure, etc. ; Botany, Zoology, including domestic
animals and their foes ; Geology, including character of soils ;
Mineralogy, especially the minerals of our State ; Mechanics,
including agricultural implements ; Physics, light and heat as
influencing plant life ; also Meteorology ; Engineering, includ-
ing road making, land surveying, etc. ; Mathematics necessary
for Mechanics, Engineering, etc. All this is in addition to
the English Language and Literature, Political Economy,
Constitutional and International Law, and the Greek and Latin
and the German and French languages needed to make our
students intelligent citizens."'
The sequel, however, shows that, moved largely by the ex-
ample of Agricultural and Mechanical Colleges of other States,
who had supplemented the Congressional grant by large dona-
tions from the public treasury, the public came to demand an
education more largely practical than the words of the Act
of Congress required. For the present, owing to the expense
necessary, the construction adopted by the University was
allowed to stand. The details of the instruction offered were
124 History of University of North Carolina.
left to the Trustees and Faculty of the University. Theoreti-
cal and not practical instruction "was employed. When at a
later date the practical mode of instruction was adopted by the
State the costly buildings and apparatus of the College of Agri-
culture and Mechanic Arts at Raleigh show that President
Battle was correct in the position that all this could not be
done on the slender means of the University, $7,500 per an-
num. In 1887 the transfer of the $125,000 Land Grant Fund
was made to the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.
Election of Trustees in 1876- '77.
As has been explained, by Act of i873-'74, it was provided
that there should be sixty-four Trustees of the University
elected by joint ballot to be divided into four classes, sixteen
in each class, so that every two years that number, increased
by vacancies for any cause, must be elected. At the election
in i876-'77 the Senate appointed a committee to recommend
nominees. The committee consulted with friends of the in-
stitution and reported a faultless list. In the House of Rep-
resentatives a motion was made and carried to adjourn for
a short while and let the Members from each Congressional
District select the nominees. The result was that good and
true men on the Senate list were omitted and, owing to the
more numerous voters in the House, its ticket was chosen.
Unfortunately two of the most active and useful members of
the Board, identified with the reopening of the institution.
Colonels W. L. Saunders and D. M. Carter, were omitted.
They immediately sent in resignations of their unexpired terms.
Knowing that this oversight was accidental, and being un-
willing to part with such valuable officers, realizing too that
the plan adopted by the House, if continued, would result in
a Board of Trustees whose members would be too remote
from Chapel Hill for efficient business. President Battle pro-
posed that sixteen additional Trustees should be elected "from
points conveniently accessible to the University" and to be
classified as was the existing Board. The bill was passed in
1877, Colonels Carter and Saunders were reelected and con-
sented to serve.
Secretary and Treasurer. 125
The plan of election of Trustees now usually adopted (1912)
is to have a joint select committee of the two Houses, who in-
vestigate and report to their bodies the names of those who
ought to be chosen. The nominations are invariably ratified. At
first effort was made to give the minority party a fair repre-
sentation. Recently complaint has been made that the domi-
nant party is disposed to take more than their share. There
has been no charge, however, that the spirit of party has been
evident in the choice of Professors or in the practical man-
agement of University affairs. Of course the General As-
sembly can change at will this mode of selection. It is praise-
worthy that there never has been any symptom of ''packing"
the Board in order to carry into effect any measure.
The University Secretary and Treasurer.
When President Battle was elected President he had been
borrowing, as Treasurer, considerable sums for annual ex-
penses from the Citizens National Bank of Raleigh on his
individual credit, pledging as collateral the expected receipts'
from donations. These loans were negotiated more readily
because he had been a director and attorney for the bank from
its organization. Major Gales continued to hold both offices
of Secretary and Treasurer until April 1, 1877, when he re-
signed the Treasurership and President Battle took his place,
declining any part of the salary, which was all paid to Gales,
his object being to obtain money from the bank more easily.
On the death of Gales in 1878 Col. W. L. Saunders was chosen
Secretary under the same arrangement, but when all the sol-
vent subscriptions were collected, President Battle gave up the
Treasurership and Colonel Saunders held both offices. Ordi-
narily it would have been dangerous to endorse a note in bank
with only a subscription paper as collateral, but President
Battle well knew the subscribers and his trust in their faith-
fulness was not in vain. By the arrangement the Professors
and other officers were regularly and promptly paid until the
exhaustion of the subscriptions.
The Secretary and Treasurer held ex officio another office,
that of Escheator-General. His duties were to appoint a
126 History of University of North Carolina.
lawyer in each county to keep watch on all escheats, that is,
roughly, land having no owner. For many years, when aliens
could not inherit land in North Carolina, substantial benefits
were derived from escheats, but a change in the law renders
them of little value and the emolument to the officer of five per
cent on receipts by no means corresponds to the grandeur of
the title of Escheator-General.
Law School Inaugurated.
The Law School of Judge Battle was reopened in January,
1877, under the stipulations laid down on October 3, 1845,
and recited in the various catalogues since. A striking feature
of the same was that his Independent students were not sub-
ject to the usual University discipline, nor was he responsible
for the conduct of any but the law students. There were
two classes, the Independent, having no connection with the
University, and the Lhiiversity class, consisting of students of
the Lniversity. Particular attention was directed to prepara-
tion for obtaining license to practice law, and it was sought
in addition to give a broad general knowledge of the law. The
degree of Bachelor of Laws, ordinarily obtained after two
years of study, was granted. The fees were : for the Inde-
pendent class, $50 per term or $100 a year; for the University
class, $35 per term or $70 a year. On the payment of $150
the student could attend four terms.
At the meeting of the Board of Trustees Air. P. C. Cameron
strongly urged that the University should use every effort to
secure the construction of a railroad from Chapel Hill to the
North Carolina Railroad.
On his motion likewise the Board tendered its thanks to
Mrs. Cornelia P. Spencer for her unflagging interest in the
University, her able efforts in its behalf and for her clear and
intelligent reports of transactions in connection with one of
its most important adjuncts. This was the Summer Normal
School.
Thanks were offered to Governor Vance for his able, elo-
quent and instructive address on President Swain. And to
Person Hall Destroyed. 127
Col. D. M. Carter for his strong and effective argument for
the University in the Circuit Court of the United States, in-
volving the quantity of land to be allotted to it, as necessary
to its existence as a State institution.
On February 6, 1877, Person Hall was destroyed by fire.
The Faculty concluded that it was caused by the pipe of a
large stove being located too near a rafter in the roof. The
walls were so thick that the only loss was the interior wood-
work and the tin, aggregating about $1,000. This was one
of the earliest buildings, finished in 1798. For a long time it
was fitted for and used as a Chapel. In 1838 Gerrard Hall
was completed, called the New, and the other the Old Chapel.
About 1840 it was divided into four rooms for the use of the
Professors of Greek, of Latin, of Logic and Rhetoric, and
of the Tutor of Ancient Languages. Shortly before the fire
the partitions were removed and the building given to the
department of Chemistry. By the aid of contributions from
Professor Redd, J. S. Carr, S. F. Phillips, John W. Fries and
others the building was speedily restored to its original shape.
A ludicrous circumstance happened at the fire. While the
flames were raging in the attic a ladder was produced and a
student, Engelhard, started to mount it. Professor Redd ex-
citedly shouted, "Come down, Mr. Engelhard, that is danger-
ous. The walls may crumble.'' Then turning to a negro, he
said, "I will give you $10 if you will go up." The negro
thought he was worth to himself as much as Mr. Engelhard
was to himself and declined the bounty. There was no danger,
however, as the walls were so firm that they were not taken
down in the rebuilding. A sketch of General Person may
be found in the first volume.
In the next month the time honored speeches of Latin Salu-
tatory and Valedictory were abolished, though by an odd in-
consistency the best scholar in the graduating class was for
several years termed the Valedictorian, his speech, however,
not at all flavored with farewell ideas. As explained in
Volume I, up to 1838 the Salutatory oration was the prize of
the highest distinction. After that vear it was reduced to the
128 History of University of North Carolina.
second rank and the Valedictory was first. Then, on the
initiative of President Swain, because serious difficulties had
occurred from the conflicting claims of ambitious honor men,
they were grouped in three classes. Those who were in the
first class, at one time as many as eight, cast lots for the Salu-
tatory and Valedictory orations. The memory of former
precedence made the latter the most prized, while the drawer
of the other frequently exchanged it with one entitled to an
English speech. Rarely a student was so preeminent that the
Valedictory was conceded to him by the Faculty. General
Pettigrew was one of these.
Visiting Committee and Board of Trustees.
The second Visiting Committee was P. C. Cameron, D. M.
Carter, W. S. Saunders, Calvin H. Wiley and Rev. Dr. Neill
McKay. They made an oral report which was very favorable
to the management, after a visit to the University in the
spring of 1877.
At the June, 1877, meeting of the Board the Faculty made
an earnest report on the subject of beneficiaries. The present
system led to a serious injury to the independence of students,
to the culture of the University and to the finances. It re-
sulted in a majority being on the nonpaying list. They recom-
mended that all, save the county appointees, should pay $30 at
the beginning of each term. The recommendation was adopted
with an amendment offered by Mr. R. H. Battle, that the
Faculty by a two-thirds vote could admit without payment.
This provision to some extent checked the movement towards
free admission of nonpaying students.
On account of the continued ill health of Dr. Charles Phil-
lips, Carey D. Grandy, an accomplished mathematician, was
added to the Faculty with a salary of $700.
It is sad proof of the poverty of the institution that the
Executive Committee felt bound to refuse the Librarian so
small a sum as $100 for the purchase of books and periodicals.
Mr. Cameron moved that President Battle, if he sbould
think proper, should be allowed at the expense of the Uni-
versity to canvass Northern cities for subscriptions. After
The Commencement of 1877. 129
inquiries of Dr. Deems and other friends at the North it was
concluded that such solicitations were not likely to be suc-
cessful. The liberal people had been already so importuned
that there was a feeling of disgust. Many college and school
presidents had made the effort and returned in despair. More-
over it seemed not compatible with the dignity of the State
to beg among strangers for a State institution. The money
heretofore raised was nearly all from our own citizens, princi-
pally alumni. An elaborate appeal to Mr. W. W. Corcoran
for aid to the University of President Polk, Vice-President
King, Senator Mangum and others of his personal acquaint-
ances, was forwarded by our Congressman Steele. He replied
very courteously, but declined a donation.
Commencement of 1877.
The Commencement of 1877 was pronounced by many to
have had a larger attendance than any of its predecessors ex-
cept the Buchanan Commencement of 1859. The farmers
were present in great numbers and manifested peculiar in-
terest. The village was crowded, but the packing powers of
the hotels and boarding houses and the hospitality of the citi-
zens provided for all.
The accustomed procession was formed on June 6, 1877,
and marched to the hall, under the order of George McCorkle,
Chief Marshal. After music by the Salem Band the Presi-
dent made a short statement of the history of the University,
and then ex-Judge Daniel G. Fowle, soon to be Governor,
at the request of the Philanthropic Society, delivered a strong
address on the Principles of Civil Liberty. He drew many
of his illustrations from the occurrences during the adminis-
tration of Governor Holden. The speech was earnest and
eloquent and was very forcibly delivered.
A short meeting of the Historical Society was held. Col.
John D. Cameron called attention to the death of the Presi-
dent, Dr. William Hooper, and moved that Judge Kerr take
the chair. Mr. P. C. Cameron, after a short and touching
eulogy, moved for a committee to draft resolutions in regard
to Hooper's career, which motion prevailed.
130 History of University of North Carolina.
He was for years a distinguished Professor of the Uni-
versity, generally of Ancient Languages, but for awhile of
Rhetoric and Logic. Some of his addresses and sermons were
published and show much literary power. A further sketch
of him is given in Volume I.
President Battle called attention to the fact that the treas-
ury of the association was empty. A committee appointed on
his motion proceeded to collect one dollar from each member,
and a considerable sum was raised.
In the afternoon of Wednesday, Rev. Dr. Charles Force
Deems, of the Church of the Strangers, Xew York City, de-
livered the Baccalaureate sermon. He had been pastor of
many congregations in our own State, and then had achieved
greatness in the great metropolis. Much was expected of him
and his hearers were enraptured. His text was, "I am not
mad, most noble Festus !" and he showed that the opponents
of Christianity are the true madmen.
On Wednesday evening the representatives of the societies
delivered their original addresses. The subject of Francis
Donnell Winston was, "The Union and the Century"; of
Alfred Daniel Jones, "The Teacher Must First be Taught" ;
of John Moore Manning, "Patrick Henry"; of Julius John-
ston, "There is Xo Utopia Here"; of William Lanier Hill,
"Man Has Done Nobly ; Will Do More Nobly Still" ; of Henry
Thomas Watkins, "Eulogy on William A. Graham." There
were strong men in this list and the speaking was good.
At eleven o'clock on Thursday a procession was formed to
escort Governor Vance to the Hall, where he delivered his
address on President Swain. Never did a speaker have a
more congenial theme.
I give his estimate of the character of President Swain,
from which may be caught a glimpse of Senator Vance's style.
"In many senses of the term Governor Swain was a great man.
As an author, though a man of letters, he neither achieved nor at-
tempted anything lasting. As a politician, though he rose rapidly
to the highest honors of his native State, he did not strikingly
impress himself upon his times by any great speech nor by any
great stroke of policy. In this respect he was inferior to many of
his contemporaries who constituted, perhaps, the brightest cluster
Vance's Address on Swain. 131
of names in our annals. As a lawyer and a judge he occupied com-
paratively about the same position; and as a scholar he was not
to be distinguished, being inferior to several of his co-laborers in
the University.
"But in many things he was entitled to be called great, if we
mean by that term that he so used the faculties which he possessed
that he raised himself beyond and above the great mass of his
fellows. In him there was a rounded fullness of the qualities, in-
tellectual and moral, which constitute the excellence of manhood in
a degree never excelled by any citizen of North Carolina, whom I
have personally known, except William A. Graham. If there was in
Swain no one grand quality of intellect which lifted him out of
comparison with any but the demigods of our race, neither was
there any element so wanting as to sink him into or below the
common mass. If there were in him no Himalaya peaks of genius
piercing into the regions of everlasting frost and ice, neither were
there any yawning chasms or slimy pools below the tidewater of
mediocrity. * * * If there be those who singly tower above him
in gifts or attainments or distinction, there is no one whom as a
whole we can contemplate with more interest, affection and admira-
tion, no one whose work for North Carolina will prove to be more
valuable, or more lasting, or more important to future generations,
no one to whom at the great final review, the greeting may be more
heartily addressed, 'Servant of God, well done!'
"No estimate of Governor Swain's walk through life could omit
the consideration of his Christian character. It was especially
marked by catholicity of feeling towards all good men of whatever
name. He was accustomed to refer this to the circumstances of
his bringing up. He would say: 'My father was a Presbyterian
elder, and an Arminian; my mother was a Methodist and a Cal-
vinist, who loved and studied Scott's Commentary. Their house
was the home of preachers of all sorts west of the Blue Ridge.
Bishop Asbury blessed me when a child. Mr. Newton, a Presby-
terian, taught me when a boy, and Humphrey Posey, a Baptist, used
to pray for me when a youth. So I love all who will show that they
are Christian.' * * * He was a decided Presbyterian. * * *
In private life he was most upright, kind, social and hospitable.
* * * He had a proper conception of the value of wealth, and
all his life practiced a judicious economy, but he knew well how
to lend and how to give.
"His remains lie buried in Oakwood Cemetery, near Raleigh,
close beside the sleeping soldiers of the Confederacy, and the soil
of our State holds the dust of no son who loved her more or served
her better. Peaceful be his rest as he waits for the clear breaking
of the day over the brow of the eternal hills."
132 History of University of North Carolina.
Senator Vance closed with a poetical extract so beautiful
that I must needs record it :
"The daisies prank thy grassy grave,
Above, the dark pine branches wave;
Sleep on.
Below, the merry runnel sings,
And swallows sweep with glancing wings,
Sleep on, old friend, sleep on.
Calm as a summer night at rest,
Thy meek hands folded on thy breast;
Sleep on.
Hushed into stillness life's sharp pain,
Naught but the pattering of the rain,
Sleep on, dear friend, sleep on."
Governors Vance and Swain were born and raised in the
same county and in the same lovely mountain air. They had
both occupied the highest State offices and there were personal
ties to stir up the enthusiasm of the orator. It was by Presi-
dent Swain's assistance, a loan freely given and soon repaid,
that Vance was able to obtain his legal education at the Uni-
versity. Governor Vance's talent and literary ability were
freely given to this task. The result was a captivating pen
picture of a most interesting and unique personage. A corre-
spondent writes, "It was a tribute of the noblest order. It
was chaste in style, grand in thought, and couched in lan-
guage of singular vigor, terseness and beauty."
At the conclusion, Mr. Paul C. Cameron, on the part of the
ladies of Hillsboro, presented to the University a Holtz's elec-
trical machine. His speech was couched in eloquent language,
in praise both of Governor Vance and President Swain. He
stated that the former was as much an object of interest and
good will to the people of the State as when he led his regi-
ment to the field, or as when from his first Executive chair he
sent out salt and meal to feed the hungry, and distributed cot-
ton cards to clothe the naked. No man is more nearly equal
to all that he assumes, no man can wear with more force and
truth as his motto, "semper paratus." The ladies of Hillsboro
made this offerins: in commemoration of William A. Graham.
Hon. W. L. Steele Addresses Alumni. 133
No one was so richly rewarded for his well spent life of virtue
and labor. On no monument may be inscribed with more vir-
tuous purpose the Latin maxim, Labor ipse est voluptas.
At three o'clock in the afternoon Hon. Walter Leak Steele,
a Representative in the Congress of the United States, deliv-
ered the address before the Alumni Association. Senator A. G.
Thurman had been invited to perform this duty, accepted the
invitation and then failed on account of sickness. Colonel
Steele had only twenty-four hours' notice, but delivered a
most instructive address. His reminiscences of University
life and of the old Professors were extremely interesting, his
defense of the University strong and true, and his prediction
of future success was that it was not only probable but cer-
tain. His reminiscences were a happy combination of pathos
and humor. The audience seemed delighted to have an ad-
dress on University topics, past, present and future, sand-
wiched among political or literary subjects.
On Thursday came the orations of the graduates. Frank
Murray Fremont led, his subject being "Foreign Immigra-
tion." He advocated immigration from Europe but prohibi-
tion of that from China, the people of that country being, he
said, the most corrupt and immoral race on the face of the,
globe, slavish, cringing, and powerful. Then came Joseph
Clay Powell on "The Philosophy of Crime.'' Julian Meredith
Baker read an essay on the Spectroscope. Then followed an
oration on "The Progress of Japan," by James Cole Taylor,
and the speaking was concluded by what the correspondent
called "the gem of this branch of the Commencement exer-
cises," an oration by William Battle Phillips on "Woman in
Politics." It sparkled with humor and abounded in good
sense. The judges decided that for combined polish of style
and force of thought Mr. Fremont was entitled to the Mangum
medal, the prize in oratory established by his daughter in honor
of Willie P. Mangum.
The degree of Doctor of Divinity ( D.D.) was conferred on
Rev. George Patterson, Rev. W. J. C. Hiden, and Rev. Jacob
Henry Smith. That of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) on Rev.
Charles F. Deems and Judge Tohn Kerr.
134 History of University of North Carolina.
The recipients of medals were :
Latin — Thomas H. Battle, Isaac H. Long.
Physics — Julian M. Baker, Prank M. Fremont.
The Graduates were :
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.):
William Battle Phillips, Chapel Hill.
Bachelors of Science (B.S.):
Julian Meredith Baker, Tarboro.
Frank Murray Fremont, Wilmington.
Joseph Clay Powell, Tarboro.
James Cole Taylor, Chapel Hill.
Of these Phillips is (1912) a mining engineer of high stand-
ing, Professor of Geology in the University of Texas; Baker
is a very prominent physician in Tarboro ; Frank Fremont
was an insurance officer in New York — lost his life in a rail-
road accident ; Powell, who died recently, was a very success-
ful planter, and Taylor cashier of the Bank of Chapel Hill.
In order to obtain a degree the applicant must have attained
a mark of at least 70 in all studies, perfect being 100. Under
the old regime the honor men being grouped into classes, their
names were read out in public at Commencement. After the
reopening in 1875 for some time the names of those who
achieved honors, viz., from 95 to 100 the highest, from 90 to
95 the second, and from 80 to 90 the third, were read from
the rostrum, but this after a few years was discontinued. I
will not therefore attempt to record those attaining 80 and
upward as the reader would find them tedious.
The Chief Marshal, George McCorkle, and his aids, E. B.
Engelhard, J. B. Lewis, and D. M. Williams, fully sustained
the traditional reputation of the University for the grace and
dignity of its officers.
And the Ball Managers, led by the Chief, Fernando G.
James, with assistants, J. H. Faison, N. H. Street, R. H. Davis
and F. T. Barrow, prepared some of the most beautiful dances
ever seen at the University. The practice of following up the
dances by a supper was discontinued on account of financial
Twelfth of October. 135
and other reasons. The tradition was that they led to dis-
order. An incident of one of the oldtime feasts should be
recorded. It was the rule that no gentleman could attend the
first table without a lady. A Freshman of fourteen summers
gallantly offered his arm to an old maid of forty years and
weighing two hundred pounds, and under protection of the
rule marched boldly by the doorkeeper into the hall where
the dainties were spread. The youth who had the pluck to
do this has been president of two great universities and one
great college.
University Day Inaugurated.
In 1877, at the request of President Battle, seconded by
Governor Vance, the Executive Committee established the 12th
of October as a perpetual holiday to commemorate the laying
of the cornerstone of the Old East Building on that day in
1793. For the first celebration ladies of the village with some
students, headed by Mrs. Spencer, gave Gerrard Hall a lovely
decoration. The entire length of the interior was festooned
with wreaths of pines and other evergreens. Over the ros-
trum was an arch bearing the inscription, "Virtue, Liberty,
Science." On the right and above the word "Phi'' was the
portrait of the first President, Dr. Joseph Caldwell. On the
left and above the word "Di" was the portrait of the "Father
of the University," William Richardson Davie. Within the
recess of the rostrum was suspended the portrait of David L.
Swain. Opposite the rostrum were the words, "North Caro-
lina" and suspended in the gallery was the beautiful banner
exhibited at the Centennial Exposition of 1876 at Philadelphia
by ladies of the State and then presented by them to the Uni-
versity. The rostrum was artistically decorated with flowers,
and the whole scene was strikingly picturesque.
The Glee Club sang "The Old North State" and President
Battle followed with an address of an hour on the incidents
connected with granting the charter and laying the corner-
stone. He sketched the characters of the leading men who
spent time, talent and money in starting the institution, such
136 History of University of North Carolina.
as Davie, Treasurer John Haywood, Judge Alfred Moore,
Alexander Mebane, Thomas Blount, and William H. Hill, the
last three Representatives in Congress. Being called out Rev.
Dr. Charles Phillips, Rev. J. A. Mason, Prof. A. F. Redd, and
Professor Winston responded very happily and received
hearty applause.
On August 31, 1877, the Faculty, and the Executive Commit-
tee on their recommendation, again denied the application of
Fraternities to be admitted into the University. But Phi Kappa
Sigma first and later others existed sub rosa for some years
until prohibition was removed and now (1912) the list includes
Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Kappa Alpha, Beta Theta Pi, Delta
Kappa Epsilon, Pi Kappa Alpha, Sigma Xu, Phi Delta Theta,
Alpha Tau Omega, Kappa Sigma, Phi Chi (Medical), and
Omega Upsilon Phi (Medical). After their admission there
naturally followed the erection of handsome houses, with sleep-
ing rooms for members and other conveniences. The clubs
applied to the Faculty and Trustees for permission to build on
the margin of the Campus. But it was concluded that the
fee simple of the ground should be owned by the fraterni-
ties, so that funds could be raised by mortgage. Therefore
lots were bought of citizens of Chapel Hill, most of them just
outside the northwest portion of the Campus. The principal
balls are those of the Zeta Psi, Beta Theta Pi, Delta Kappa
Epsilon, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Sigma Xu, Beta Theta Pi, and
Alpha Tau Omega. On the whole the fraternity men and the
nonfraternity men have worked together amicably, but in the
course of time jealousies arose, partly among one another but
mainly among the "frats" and the "nonfrats," which will here-
after be related.
Agricultural Experiment Station Established.
President Battle became impressed with the evidence that
our farmers suffer immense losses in the use of fertilizers :
first, in buying the kind of fertilizers that the crops do not
need ; and second, in being defrauded by the manufacturer or
the middleman, or both. He prepared a speech, which he de-
Experiment Station at Chapel Hill. 137
livered at fairs and many other appropriate places, also before
the General Assembly, showing that the farming class would
be benefited by the establishment of an Experiment Station at
Chapel Hill. He offered, as he was authorized by the Trus-
tees to do, to afford all proper laboratory facilities. He also
obtained a joint meeting of the State Grange, of representa-
tives of the University, of the several Agricultural Societies
of the State, of the Patrons of Husbandry, and the State
Geologist. Dr. Columbus Mills, Master of the State Grange,
was called to the chair. The conference was addressed by
President Battle, Professor Redd, Professor Kerr and Col.
J. M. Heck. On motion of President Battle a committee was
instructed to lay the matter before the General Assembly. The
chairman appointed President Battle, Dr. W. C. Kerr. Col.
L. L. Polk and Gen. R. F. Hoke, and on motion the chairman
was added to the committee. President Battle wrote their
report. The General Assembly passed an act carrying into
effect their recommendations. They created a Board of Agri-
culture and levied a tax on commercial fertilizers, providing
among other things for an Experiment Station and analysis
of all such fertilizers, the station to be located at Chapel Hill,
the chemist in charge to be elected by the Board of Trustees
of the University.
The Superintendent was employed by the Board of Trustees
with the approval of the Board of Agriculture. His duty was
to analyze the fertilizers and products required by the Depart-
ment of Agriculture and aid in the suppression of fraud,
carry on experiments on the nutrition and growth of plants,
to ascertain what fertilizers are best suited to the crops of the
State. He was to ascertain whether other crops may not be
advantageously grown on our lands, and in general make such
investigations as the Agricultural Department should prescribe.
His salary was paid by the Department.
In accordance with this law Albert R. Ledoux, of New York
City, a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) of Columbia University
and of Goettingen, a most capable chemist and judicious man
of business, was elected, in 1877.
138 History of University of North Carolina.
I give the results of two years' labor in this branch of Uni-
versity work, in order to show its character and efficiency :
1. Every fertilizer sold in the State analyzed and the results pub-
lished.
2. All chemicals purchased for composting and home use analyzed.
3. The quality and germinating power of all seeds sent to the
station tested.
4. Analysis of soils, marls, mineral waters, etc., made free of
charge, when sent with the approval of the State Geologist or the
Board of Agriculture.
5. Sugar beets and other products analyzed when directed by the
Board.
6. Insects injurious to vegetation identified and the means of
exterminating them pointed out — all free of charge.
The liberality of the Board of Agriculture and the Trus-
tees of the University fully equipped the Station for this work.
Besides the necessary furnaces, apparatus and reagents, there
was secured partly through donations by Mr. Warnecke
and partly, at a small expense, from Germany, the most com-
plete collection of seeds in any Agricultural College in the
United States, embracing samples of the seeds, the grains,
grasses, and weeds, exclusive of the "Centennial Collection"
in the University Museum, over one thousand samples.
The publications of the Station were of great value to
farmers and were sent free of charge on application, such as
Directions and Formulas for Composting, Directions for
Utilizing Bones, Formulas for different crops, Analysis and
Valuation of Fertilizers.
The work of the Station was entirely acceptable to the people
of the State, no complaint being made officially or otherwise.
The assistants in addition to Messrs. W. B. Phillips and J. C.
Taylor being W. Warnecke, of Germany, and A. D. Mickle,
of Chapel Hill. It occupied four rooms in Smith Hall, one
large laboratory for general work, a balance room, an assay
room, and a dark room for work with the polariscope, and
also two large store rooms in a neighboring building. In
1880 it was reported that there had been made 900 analyses,
requiring 3,000 quantitative determinations. There had been
written 5,000 letters on subjects bearing upon the work. In
Albert R. Ledoux
Chas. W. Dabxet
The President's Elocutionary Labors. 139
addition to the work heretofore detailed, the following was
regularly undertaken : Search for poisons, sent by order of
coroners and county superintendents of health ; analysis of
mineral waters, sent by the State Geologist; directions for
making vinegar, for growing sugar beets ; the determination
of the value of pine straw ; of the cowpea, etc.
In 1880 Dr. Ledoux resigned his office in order to become
the head of a flourishing Chemical Laboratory in New York
City. He carried with him the reputation of consummate skill
and ability as a chemist, an able and keen-sighted organizer
of the Experiment Station, of a lofty, generous character,
and a most courteous gentleman. He was succeeded by
Charles W. Dabney, Jr., a Doctor of Philosophy of Goettin-
gen, a most able and skillful officer, of acute initiative, of
unimpeachable uprightness of conduct, in truth a most worthy
successor to Dr. Ledoux, who carried forward the work under
his charge to constantly expanding usefulness. In addition
to the Assistants in the Department already mentioned were
afterwards Wm. F. Bruggman and Herbert B. Battle.
By Act of Alarch 14, 1881, the Board of Agriculture was
authorized to erect a suitable building in Raleigh wherein to
carry on its rapidly growing work. Naturally it was desired
to have the operations of the Experiment Station conducted
under the same roof, and by permission of the General As-
sembly this removal was effected in that year.
President's Addresses.
The address which President Battle delivered on the sub-
ject of the Relation of the University to the Farming Inter-
ests did not by any means exhaust his elocutionary labors. He
spoke, by invitation, at the closing exercises of many schools,
at Agricultural Fairs, before the Members of the General As-
sembly, and on many other occasions in this State and South
Carolina ; but his address showing how the farmers were bene-
fited by a University education was most noticed by the press
and by individuals. He was greatly flattered by a unique
compliment paid him by a plump, gray-haired farmer at Wal-
halla, South Carolina. He was humorously satirizing the agri-
140 History of University of North Carolina.
cultural class for want of discretion in the purchase of com-
mercial fertilizers and the use of those not adapted to the
needs of the crops. He said that they acted as unwisely as
would a physician who would prescribe calomel or quinine,
ipecac or strychnine without seeing the patient or inquiring
whether the trouble was fever or rheumatism, pneumonia or
heart disease. The old gentleman laughingly observed to his
neighbor, "Don't he call us d — d fools nice."
He accepted every invitation to speak within the range of
possibility. Once he was able to address schools at Wilson,
Newton and at Yadkin College, in Davidson County, during
the same week. Nor did he confine himself to addressing
schools and Agricultural Fairs at their invitation. He met
the people of a number of counties at their courthouses, alumni
of the University advertising the meetings. It was while wait-
ing for his time to begin at the courthouse in Asheville that
he chanced to hear the first prisoner testify in her own de-
fense under a recent Act of the Assembly. It was the case of
a woman indicted for retailing spirituous liquors without li-
cense. She soon convicted herself. During the examination
she had a baby in her arms, who clamored lustily for the sus-
tenance for which he tugged vainly from her skinny breast.
Judge Dick ordered her to get rid of the child. She handed
him to the Judge who rejected the gift most hastily. She
then motioned to some one in the crowd who relieved her of
her burden. In passing sentence the Judge said: "1 am
doubtful what to do with this woman. If I imprison her I
must imprison the child and he has not broken the law. Let
judgment be suspended on the payment of costs." The woman
went on her way rejoicing and then it leaked out that the
child was not hers. It was borrowed to play on the notable
kindheartedness of Judge Dick.
Besides these speeches directly connected with the Univer-
sity, President Battle was called on to deliver others, which
he thought might at least keep it before the public. Among
these were "The Early History of the City of Raleigh"; "Fifty
Years of the Episcopal Church in the United States," at the
celebration of the fiftieth anniversarv of the ordination of
The President's Addresses. 141
Bishop Lyman; "Life and Services of Brigadier-General Sum-
ner," at the Guilford Battle Ground Celebration; "Laymen of
the Church of England in the Province of North Carolina" ;
"Early History of the L'niversity of North Carolina," before
the Wilmington Historical Society; "The Importance of the
Teacher's Calling," before the State Teachers' Association ;
"The Character of George E. Badger," before the Siler City
Academy ; "The Constitutional History of North Carolina," at
the Commencement of Davidson College ; "Trials and Judicial
Proceedings of the New Testament," before the American In-
stitute of Christian Philosophy in New York.
CHAPTER IV.
Normal School of 1877.
The General Assembly by Act ratified March 9, 1877,
authorized the State Board of Education to establish a Normal
School in connection with the University for the purpose of
teaching and training young men of the white race for teach-
ers of the common schools of the State. Two thousand dollars
a year for two years was appropriated and a like amount was
authorized for colored teachers at other places.
Governor Vance called a meeting of the Board, requesting
President Battle to be present and submit such recommenda-
tions as the Faculty and himself chose to make as' to the con-
stitution of the school. Two plans were suggested. One was
to add to the Faculty a Professor of Normal Teaching. The
other was strongly recommended by Dr. Barnas Sears, Super-
intendent of the Peabody Fund, of worldwide fame as an edu-
cator, once the head of the public school system of Massachu-
setts. It was to have a free Summer School at the University,
throwing open its halls and lecture rooms, and also its dormi-
tories, and employing the best experts obtainable in all the
branches taught in the schools. Such was his faith in this
scheme that he offered to aid by giving $500 out of the Peabody
Fund to pay the expenses of poor teachers. The Faculty
almost unanimously endorsed it, President Battle being strongly
in its favor. When it was recommended to the Board of Edu-
cation Governor Vance said in substance, "Why ! with such a
project we can electrify the State from Cherokee to Currituck."
The organization of the school was placed by the Board
under the charge of the Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Hon. J. C. Scarborough, and President Battle, who always
worked in entire harmony. It was resolved to open it on the
third of July, to continue six weeks. President Battle, on
account of' Mr. Scarborough's duties calling- him elsewhere,
Normal School of 1877. 143
had general control, including the employment of lecturers and
disbursement of the fund for the expenses of poor teachers.
An important question came up at the outset. The Act
authorizing the school confined its benefits to male teachers
and those desiring to be teachers. It was exceedingly impor-
tant that females should be included. The Board of Educa-
tion took the ground and the University concurred, that while
the public money could not be paid to females, there could be
no objection to their attending the sessions, and they were
accordingly invited to take advantage of all the exercises.
Their presence contributed much to the success of the school,
and Dr. Sears gave them their share of the $500 appropriation
for poor teachers. The Act by its terms only lasted two years,
but at the end of the time it was renewed until repealed and
the restriction as to sex was removed.
The object of the school was to teach the latest and most
improved methods of managing classes, arousing interest, im-
parting knowledge, and developing the minds of the pupils, at
the same time giving instruction in the subjects usually taught
in the schools. Only acknowledged experts were employed,
whether residents of North Carolina or elsewhere.
The Superintendent employed was recommended by Dr.
Sears, Prof. John J. Ladd, of Vermont, a graduate of Brown
University, who had worked in the public schools of New Eng-
land and lastly was Superintendent of the Graded Schools of
Staunton, Virginia, a man of large experience in such work.
He had the general management and each morning delivered
lectures of singular point and common sense, with clear and
appropriate illustrations. No one could listen to his instruc-
tion without having his enthusiasm aroused and having hints
as to how wisely to arouse enthusiasm in others. Prominent
inhabitants of Chapel Hill, not connected with the schools, at-
tended regularly these lectures.
He was assisted by a staff of teachers chosen solely for. their
skill in their special lines, no ma~tter in what locality they re-
sided, disregarding denominational and college affiliations. The
branches taught are Arithmetic, written and mental ; Gram-
mar, Analysis, Geography, Reading, Orthography, Phonics.
144 History of University of North Carolina.
Penmanship, Vocal Music, School Discipline, Methods, Organi-
zation, Qualifications, Legal Relations of Teacher, Parent, and
Child. The instruction was by recitation and lectures occupy-
ing seven hours a day. Prof. S. H. Owen, late Superintend-
ent of the Public Schools of Petersburg, Virginia, and late
President of Deshler Female Institute of Tuscumbia, Alabama,
had charge of Geography. Prof. Alexander Mclver, formerly
Superintendent of Public Instruction in North Carolina, Pro-
fessor of Mathematics in Davidson College, and now Principal
of the Graded Schools of Greensboro, was chief of the depart-
ment of Mathematics. Prof. Julius L. Tomlinson, former Pro-
fessor of Santa Barbara University and late Professor in Cen-
tral Teachers' Institute, had charge of the English Language
and Literature. Mr. Eugene H. Wilson, assisted by his
brother, Mr. Charles L. Wilson, both accomplished musical in-
structors, gave lessons in singing. Prof. George T. Winston,
Professor of Latin and German in the University, organized a
class in the Latin Language. Mr. John E. Dugger, Superin-
tendent of the Graded Schools of Raleigh, was Secretary.
The number of pupils enrolled was two hundred and thirty-
five, of whom one hundred and twenty-eight were men, one
hundred and seven women. One hundred and seventeen were
actual teachers, the rest as a rule designing to teach. Forty-
two counties were represented.
In addition to the regular instruction, public lectures were
delivered by prominent men at night before the school and all
comers. They were very instructive and inspiring, especially
to those students who were residents of places far from the
centers of population. The following list will show the charac-
ter of these addresses, which were listened to with the most
intense interest.
His Excellency, Governor Vance, on "America the Granary
of the World."' Prof. W. C. Kerr, State Geologist, three lec-
tures, on the "Formation of Coal," on the "Climatology of
North Carolina," and on "Iron and Iron Ores." These lec-
tures were illustrated with maps, diagrams, and stereopticon
views. The third was at the mouth of the iron mine near
Chapel Hill, to which the school made an excursion. Prof. A.
Normal School of 1877. 145
W. Mangum on "The Sufficiency of the Bible for the Religious
Needs of the World." Prof. J. N. Moffatt, two lectures on
"What is Education?" and on "Poets and Poetry." Hon. F. H.
Busbee on "The Correlation of Forces." Hon. A. M. Waddell
on "Two Americans — Morse and Maury." Dr. R. H. Lewis,
of Raleigh, on "The Eye as Affected by School Life." Dr.
George W. Graham, "The Ear, Its Structure and Functions."
Judge A. S. Merrimon on "Our Public Evils and Their Rem-
edies." Dr. Eugene Grissom on "Mental Hygiene for Pupil
and Teacher." Judge John Kerr on "Public and Private Edu-
cation." Major Robert Bingham on "The x\nglo-Saxon
Race." Hon. Paul C. Cameron on "Agriculture and Its
Changed Condition." Prof. George T. Winston on the "His-
toric Value of Words." Prof. S. H. Owen, several lectures on
"What is Normal Instruction?" Prof. A. Mclver, several
lectures on "Physiology." Prof. J. S. Tomlinson, two lectures
on "California." President Battle on "The History of the
University and Its Relation to Agricultural Training." In
addition to the regular instruction the male teachers were en-
couraged to form a Debating Society. They entered into it
with spirit. The meetings were public and largely attended.
In order to promote mutual acquaintance and sociability a
weekly meeting of all the school, reinforced by citizens of the
village, was had in the University Library, which was then
free of alcoves. Here couples, introduced to each other by the
energetic tact of Secretary Dugger, promenaded and chatted
until the prescribed hour for breaking up, eleven o'clock p. m.
Singing and recitations were features of the gathering, so that
the "Cold Water Walk Arounds," as these meetings were
appropriately called, gave much pleasure and incidentally
profit in the practice of easy manners.
Another pleasant and significant feature of the school was
the visits of prominent teachers and other intelligent persons,
who came to inspect the novel and much-talked-of enterprise.
They did not hand in their names to the Secretary for enroll-
ment, but they gave to the school their approval and spread
abroad its prestige. Many of the inhabitants of Chapel Hill
were regular attendants upon the exercises. Among the visi-
10
146 History of University of North Carolina.
tors from abroad was the Superintendent of Public Instruction
of South Carolina, Hon. Hugh Thompson, afterwards Gov-
ernor, who was so pleased that he inaugurated a similar school
in his own State.
The following lines were found on the breakfast table of
President Battle and were recited with great applause at the
Normal Concert on the night of Wednesday, the 8th of Au-
gust. The author was Airs. C. P. Spencer.
ODE TO THE NORMAL SCHOOL.
Let us sing to the Normal School,
Where Nature, not Art, is the rule,
Where the teacher is brought
Like a child, to be taught,
What is that we call Education?
That not all the knowledge
He gains in a college,
Not the problems that vex,
Nor the laws that perplex,
Nor the strongest reliance
On what he calls "Science,"
Are all he needs in his vocation.
But he learns that the teacher,
As well as the preacher,
Must raise his thoughts higher
Than selfish desire
Of wealth, or of fame, or mere worldly well-doing.
That to hear the "Well done,"
When his race he has run,
He must labor and "tho' faint, be pursuing."
'Twas with very much wondering,
And laughing and blundering,
To the famous old Hill
We came with a will,
By way most informal,
To look at the Normal,
Not dreaming of what would befall,
And oh! it is past telling,
The reading and spelling,
The grammar and the writing,
And the lectures we delight in,
And the kindness that we met withal.
Time would fail should we tell
Of the campus and well,
Ode to the Normal School. 147
Of the walks
And the talks,
And the tuneful college bell.
What a treasure
Is the pleasure
That the six weeks have brought us.
Our hearts will ever burn
When our memories we turn
To the thoughts of the lessons they have taught us.
When each of us became
As a little child again,
And sat low at the feet of a master.
Our pulse will beat faster
As we think of the long summer days;
When all the good and the great
Who adorn our native State,
Came to help and to cheer and to praise.
And now ere we go,
Let us pay the thanks we owe
To the college and the President,
And every Chapel Hill resident,
For the kindness and the grace
That have so endeared the place.
Never was there such a Ladd.
As this Normal School has had
To point them to their duty,
And show them all the beauty
Of a self-denying labor
For the welfare of their neighbor.
Such instruction makes us glad,
Every lass must love a Ladd.
And what true and hearty gratitude
We shall ever be Oicen
To him who has been showin'
Us his notions
Of the ocean,
Of climate, dry and wet,
And of longitude and latitude.
In Professor A. Mclver,
His quotients and his fractions
And other such distractions,
We are, each, a firm believer,
For though he teased us much.
He pleased us much.
148 History of University of North Carolina.
And though Prof. Winston*
Kept our noses on the grindstone,
In a brave attempt to grind
A bit of Latin into our mind,
Yet our thanks must be sent,
For we know 'twas kindly meant.
And as for Mr. Wilson,
We are sure that Madame Nilsson,
Though the world is ringing
With her singing,
Never draws
More applause
Than our master's skilful rule
Merits from his grateful school.
Now when all is said and done,
Here's Professor Tomlinson — f
For such a Friend indeed
We have verily a need,
As many a kind glance will confer;
Yet with every disposition
To suggest
That a change in his condition
Would be best —
Alas! is all we can express.
And now, friends, fare ye well!
Our pen will never tell
Of our heart's true and lasting emotion.
Never more,
As heretofore,
Shall we rove
Through the grove —
But in that Higher School,
Where Christ Himself doth rule;
And there we may believe
The faithful teacher shall receive
The reward of his life-long devotion.
Of course among so many young people gathered together
in the beautiful Campus, there was some love making, but
never a scandal or harsh criticism. Some happy marriages
owe their beginning to the social attraction of the University
of North Carolina Summer Normal School. Among them for
* Pronounce the name Wine-stone by poetical license,
t Professor Tomlinson was a Quaker and a bachelor.
Success of the Normal School. 149
example the eminent Father of higher female education by the
State, Dr. Charles D. Mclver, gained his life partner here.
It is difficult to understand at the present day the amount of
interest and enthusiasm created by this Normal School through-
out this State and elsewhere in the South. It was imitated by
the University of Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and
perhaps other States. It was the fons et origo of many graded
schools. Dr. Sears affirmed that it was the first summer school
in the Union connected with any university or college. On
account of his connection with the Peabody Fund he watched
with deepest interest all efforts tending to advance public edu-
cation. He was greatly pleased with the success of our school,
and wrote President Battle as follows :
Peabody Education Fund.
Staunton, Va., Aug. 18, 1877.
President Battle.
My Deae Sir: — I write a word to congratulate you on the splendid
success of your Normal School. Many things and many men seem
to have contributed to this result, but I know enough of such mat-
ters to know that he who has had the marshalling of all the forces
has been the chief agent. I feel greatly obliged to you for the wis-
dom, energy and great labor on your part, which has made the whole
movement so auspicious. Yours truly, B. Sears,
General Agent.
In another letter, dated September 10, 1877, Dr. Sears
wrote: "I expected some measure of success, but nothing like
what has been realized. I am happy to see this new evidence of
what I knew before, that all grades of instruction are recipro-
cally dependent on each other. The University men are to
throw their light on all the lower schools, and these in turn
are to be feeders of the higher. * * * You are now doing
a great thing for the State. It is fortunate that we can work
together with so much mutual confidence."
Mrs. Cornelia Phillips Spencer, ever on the lookout for
means to advance the success of the University, was a most
efficient co-worker, in increasing the prestige of the Summer
School. With the aid of her daughter Julia, now the wife of
Professor Tames Lee Love, of Cambridge, Mass., she sent
150 History of University of Xorth Carolina.
full reports of the lectures to the public press. They were duly
published and turned the attention of thousands of readers to
the important work going on at Chapel Hill.
Burglars.
During this year was organized a band of four burglars,
whose crimes seriously threatened the prosperity of the Nor-
mal School and alarmed the inhabitants of the neighborhood.
Six houses in different parts of the village and in its neighbor-
hood were entered, the miscreants aiming for rooms in which
were sleeping young ladies. On one of them rude hands were
laid, but her screams frightened them into a rapid retreat. At
last it became known that a widow, Airs. Margaret Hendon,
had received a remittance from her Southern plantation, the
amount of course greatly exaggerated, and a little before mid-
night two of them, leaving two on the outside, boldly forced
her front door and then her bed chamber. She rushed to the
window and screamed for help. A blow was aimed at her head
with the blade of an axe which gave her a deep scalp wound.
Other blows followed with a small club. Fortunately her
screams were heard by Mr. John Mallett and his father, Dr.
Wm. P. Mallett, and the son, quickly followed by the father
and some colored boys sleeping in an outhouse, rushed to her
help and the robbers fled without obtaining the money. Their
victim languished for some weeks, but recovered.
This transaction aroused the village to fever heat. Patrols
were appointed to watch the town at night. An expert detec-
tive from Richmond was employed. Leading citizens acted as
voluntary detectives. Almost by accident one Albert Atwater,
colored, was detected in a minor offense. While a prisoner he
became frightened and confessed that he, with two white men
and one colored had committed all the burglaries, one or more
watching on the outside while the others entered the houses.
They were tried in Orange Superior Court and convicted of
burglary and three were hanged on the 16th of April, 1878 —
all except Atwater, who, allowed to turn State's evidence, es-
caped with a period of imprisonment, but died soon afterwards.
The condemned admitted that thev had a fair trial and that the
Brilliant Commencement in 1878. 151
jury was justified in finding a verdict against them on the evi-
dence, but asserted that some of the evidence was false. The
Governor (Jarvis) was importuned to grant a pardon or com-
mutation, but after thorough investigation refused. The chief
ground pressed on the Governor was that a white man should
not be hanged on the evidence of a negro, but it was shown
that there were corroborating circumstances pointing to guilt.
The Judge, the Solicitor, and lawyers assisting the Solicitor,
including Thomas Ruffin, Jr., late a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State, had no doubt of guilt.
The execution had a wonderfully good effect. There was
not a burglary in this neighborhood for many years afterwards,
and in the limits of Chapel Hill not one to this day.
Commencement of 1878.
In 1878 the Committee of Visitation, Hon. John Manning
and ex-Judge Wm. H. Battle, and General Julian S. Carr, re-
ported most favorably on "the character and thoroughness of
the instruction and the good behavior and morals of the stu-
dents.''
The Commencement of 1878 was very brilliant. As an index
to the attendance it may be mentioned that at the annual ball,
held after the regular exercises were over, the reporter inter-
viewed and described the dresses of seventy-eight ladies, stat-
ing that there were others that he was not able to meet. The
seventy-eight were from Alabama, Virginia, and from Raleigh,
Hillsboro, Fayetteville, Wilson, Richmond County, Greensboro,
Yadkin County, Pittsboro, Charlotte, Pitt County, Halifax,
Wilmington, and other points. Of course gentlemen attended
these ladies, and there were numbers who were not in their
service. On the last day large numbers came in from the
country within a few miles of Chapel Hill. The reporter
counted one hundred and seventeen vehicles between Commons
Hall and the Chapel. There was also in attendance the
Orange County Guards, a fine company, under Captain Halcott
Jones.
The Baccalaureate sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. George
Patterson, then of Wilmington, afterwards of Memphis, of. the
152 History of University of North Carolina.
Episcopal Church. He was by descent half Greek, his father
named Papatharkes, but becoming an American missionary,
changed his name to the equivalent, Patterson. His mother
was of Massachusetts. He was a man of eloquence and power,
not diminished by some harmless eccentricities. He preached
on the "Race of Life," prefacing with a vivid description of
the Grecian games and the regulations governing it.
The address before the two Literary Societies on Wednes-
day morning was by Major Joseph A. Engelhard, an honor
man of the graduating class of 1854, then Secretary of State,
an Adjutant-General in the Confederate Army. His subject
was "The Duty of Young Men of the South at the Present
Time." The discourse teemed with sound and patriotic advice,
all the more appreciated because he had served four years in
the Confederate Army, mainly under Lee. His peroration was
much admired. "My young friends ! I ask you to look into
your hearts and commence there the exalted work I have pro-
posed for you and the youth of the country. Your hearts are
the altars on which must burn the fires of our country's liberty
and honor. These altars are no longer made of stone and
brass. They are composed of immortal emotions and thoughts.
As the- best means of preserving our country's honor watch and
guard your own : 'it is the immediate jewel of your souls.' Let
the life of each of you be the record of your country and
humanity, and next to, and part of, your duty to your God ; pre-
serve vour own characters, always remembering that honor is
the armor of the true gentleman. Keep yours as bright as the
diamond and the jewel that adorns your breast will be the
shield that defends it."
Hon. James Grant, ex-Judge of the Superior Court of Iowa,
delivered a most interesting and instructive address before the
Alumni Association. He graduated here in 183 1, taught
school a year and concluded to seek his fortunes in the then far
west. Leaving Raleigh on horseback and alone he stopped at
Chicago, then a mere hamlet, but not liking the place he con-
tinued his journey and settled at Davenport, Iowa. Here he
engaged in the practice of the law, and, according to the cus-
tom of the members of the bar of that region, in land specula-
Commencement of 1878. 153
tion. He was very successful, rising to the dignity of Judge
and accumulating a handsome fortune. In the early part of
his address he gave sketches of our old Professors, and then
launched into a description of the wonderful progress of the
age, especially of the United States. The address was so full
of instruction that a copy was asked for publication.
The original orations of the representatives of the two socie-
ties were pronounced to be most creditable. In the choice of
these the Faculty had no part. The speakers were as a rule
fair specimens of the best society orators, but occasionally
afterwards one triumphed mainly because of his being a leader
in one of the "Factions" as they were called. Of these among
the Di's there were three, the South Building, the West Build-
ing, and the New West Building parties. Among the Phi's
they were East and South Buildings. It is difficult to explain
the difference between these parties. Probably they were not
divided on account of any matter of principle, but by the acci-
dent of rooming in separate dormitories. The South Building
faction, roughly speaking, corresponded to the subsequent fra-
ternities. Although these parties had only a loose organiza-
tion, with no by-laws or permanent place of meeting, Univer-
sity public opinion held the students very firmly bound and
much rancorous feeling ensued from one claiming the privi-
lege to renounce his faction and join another.
The speakers of the Philanthropic Society and their subjects
were : David Bell, Enfield, "The Voice of the People" ; James
Smith Manning, Pittsboro, "Communism in America" ; Robert
Watson Winston, Windsor, "Chivalry." From the Dialectic
Society there were : Robert Strange, Wilmington, "What Shall
be Done With the Turk?"; Edward Benson Engelhard, Wil-
mington, "Does Defeat Make Treason ?" ; James Madison
Leach, Jr., Lexington, "Philosophy and Effects of Popular
Election."
The audience seemed to favor Mr. Leach,, next to him Mr.
Strange, and then Messrs. Engelhard and Winston. The first
named and the third died early, the second became a Bishop.
Winston is an able lawyer and has been a Judge.
154 History of University of North Carolina.
Thursday, Commencement Day, was perfect as to weather
and there was a large company and much enjoyment. There
was a procession led by the Salem Cornet Band, at the head of
which was the Chief Marshal, Charles B. Aycock. Behind
them were the Orange County Guards. After them came stu-
dents, alumni, citizens of Chapel Hill and vicinity, visitors,
teachers, parents and guardians, clergy, Faculty, Trustees,
State officers, and lastly Governor Vance and President Battle.
The custom of baring the head passing the grave of President
Caldwell was kept up. At the Chapel the procession paused,
opened ranks and entered in reverse order.
The exercises began with the singing of the following hymn,
attributed to Mrs. Spencer :
' Oh God, our father's God, whose care
With blessings fills the circling year,
Rememb'ring Thee in all our ways,
We bring our annual song of praise.
We bless Thy name, Almighty God,
Who giv'st us here a sure abode,
For all the favor Thou hast shown
The State and age we call our own.
Here Freedom spreads her banners wide,
Here learning and religion guide,
By heavenly Truth's unfading ray,
Our youth in Wisdom's narrow way.
"Eternal source of every joy"!
Well may Thy praise our life employ,
And all our powers unite to bless
The Lord, our strength and righteousness.
A prayer led by Rev. Frank L. Reid, President of the Louis-
burg Female College, followed the hymn. Then came the
speeches of the Seniors. Their names and subjects are given:
William Pinckney Cline, Newton, "The Anglo-Saxon."
James Mann Nicholson, Enfield, "The Dollar of Our
Fathers."
Nathaniel Heath Street, New Bern, "Be Men, Live Men,
Die Men !"
Graduates of 1878. 153
Henry Thomas Watkins, Henderson, "Utah and the Mor-
mons."
Edward John Hill, Faison, "Other Worlds."
John Bryan Lewis, Raleigh, "Xone but True Americans on
Guard." •
Arthur Arrington, Louisburg, "Choosing a Vocation."
Charles Wilcher Gallaway, Alt. Airy, "The Real in the
Mythical."
George McCorkle, Xewton, "Why Leave Xorth Carolina?"
In the afternoon Colonel John H. Wheeler, author of Wheel-
er's History, delivered an interesting historical address on
Theodosia (Burr) Alston. He inclined to the opinion that the
portrait recently discovered in the cabin of a fisherman is that
of Aaron Burr's daughter, Theodosia, and that she was either
lost in a shipwreck or was made to "walk the plank" by a
pirate. After discussing this question Colonel Wheeler nar-
rated the principal events of Burr's life, especially after the
killing of Hamilton.
The services were concluded by singing a Psalm to the tune
of "Old Hundred," and the benediction by Rev. Dr. Patterson.
The graduates of 1878 were :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) :
Arthur Arrington, Louisburg.
James Hicks Faison, Faison.
Charles Wilcher Gallaway, Mt. Airy.
Edward John Hill, Faison.
George McCorkle, Newton.
James Mann Nicholson, Enfield.
Henry Thomas Watkins, Henderson 7
Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph.B.) :
William Pinckney Cline, Newton 1
Bachelor of Science (B.S.) :
Nathaniel Heath Street, New Bern 1
Henry Barber Nixon, graduated in the College of Mathe-
matics; Charles Brantley Aycock, Robert Ernest Caldwell,
Alfred Daniel Jones, and John Bryan Lewis in the College of
Philosophy, and Marcus Cicero Stephens Xoble in the School
of Latin.
156 History of University of North Carolina.
The following medals were granted :
Latin — Frank Battle Dancy.
Chemistry— Ernest Haywood.
Oratory — Arthur Arrington.
German — James Smith. Manning.
The following honorary degrees were conferred on the
recommendation of the Faculty :
Doctor of Lazvs (LL.D.): Ex-Judge James Grant, of Iowa,
graduate of 183 1 ; ex-Chief Justice Thomas C. Manning, of
Louisiana, alumnus of 1843.
Doctor of Divinity (D.D.): Rev. James M. Sprunt, Duplin
County; Rev. John J. Roberts, New York, a graduate of 1838.
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.): Hon. J. B. Killebrew, of
Tennessee, graduate of 1856.
Master of Arts (A.M.): Prof. W. M. Brookins, Ohio; W.
J. B. Wesson.
The Marshals were as usual efficient and well supported the
dignity of the occasion. They were Charles B. Aycock, Chief,
with John M. Manning, Joseph E. Ransom, and Frank K. Bor-
den, of the Philanthropic Society, and John C. Angier, Thomas
I. McNeill, and Charles C. Covington, of the Dialectic. The
Philanthropic Society at first elected a law student, Neil A.
McLean. The members of the opposition party protested be-
fore President Battle that he was ineligible as the law passed
by the Trustees confined the office to undergraduates of the
Junior Class, and at that time law students were not subject to
the ordinary University discipline and classification. Mr.
McLean gracefully retired. But the party to whom the
Society had already given the three Assistants also coveted the
place of Chief. Their candidate was, however, defeated by
Mr. Aycock. Mr. McLean, by his ready acquiesence in the
adverse ruling of the Faculty, was entitled to and received
their approbation. If he had insisted on his claim of right to
the office it is certain that he would have been sustained by
the majority of the Philanthropic Society, and we would have
had a repetition of the trouble of 1852. He was excellently
qualified for the position, having talent and goodly appear-
ance and having learned how to manage men when Captain in
Normal School of 1878. 157
the Bingham School. He afterwards became a State Senator
and a prominent lawyer.
The. first chosen Chief Marshal of this notable Commence-
ment was Frank Wood, a member of the Philanthropic
Society, but he was prevented from accepting the office on
account of a trip to Europe.
The Ball Managers were Alva C. Springs, Chief, of the Dia-
lectic Society ; Joseph C. Dowd and Thomas Edmundson,
Phi's, and Charles C. Cobb and Lucien H. Walker, Di's.
In i877-'78 Professor Redd took General and Analytical
Chemistry ; Professor Graves, Engineering and Physics ;
Frederick Wra, Simonds, M.S. (Cornell), succeeded Professor
Smith, resigned — his department was Geology, Zoology, and
Botany ; Professor Grandy became Assistant Professor of
Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Botany; Professor Simonds be-
came Librarian ; Professor Grandy, Secretary.
Normal School of 1878. Kindergarten.
The Normal School was opened June 18th and closed July
26th. Before enrollment the teachers were addressed by
President Battle, Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips, Rev. J. F. Heit-
man, and Rev. Dr. A. W. Mangum, of the Methodist Church,
and Rev. A. C. Dixon, of the Baptist Church. These all gave
a hearty welcome to Chapel Hill and urged strongly the im-
portance of a teacher's calling. They were followed by Prof.
J. J. Ladd, who expressed his pride in being engaged in this
glorious work. He regarded his connection with the Normal
School of North Carolina as a crowning event of a long life
as a teacher.
President Battle had general charge ; Prof. John J. Ladd was
Superintendent and Lecturer on Methods, School Manage-
ment, Discipline, etc. ; Mr. S. H. Owen had charge of Geog-
raphy and Reading, Phonetics, and Penmanship ; Alexander
Mclver had charge of Mathematics, English Grammar, and
Physiology7; Major Jed Hotchkiss lectured on Geography and
the methods of teaching it ; J. Madison Watson lectured on
Elocution ; Walter H. Page was Professor of English Philol-
158 History of University of North Carolina.
ogy; George T. Winston and M. C. S. Noble were Professors
of the Latin Language ; R. H. Graves was Professor of
Algebra; C. D. Grandy lectured on Chemistry; Messrs. E. M.
Wilson and C. L. Wilson were teachers of Vocal Music ; Prof.
J. E. Dugger was Secretary.
So much attention had been given in recent years to the train-
ing of children it was thought best to employ an instructor in
the Kindergarten system. An accomplished exponent of the
system was found in Miss Emily M. Coe, of New York City,
who regularly taught a special class of teachers, and also deliv-
ered lectures on the subject before the whole school. Fifty-
three children of various ages were daily drilled under her
guidance by the members of the Kindergarten Class. This is
thought to be the first Normal Kindergarten class in North
Carolina.
In addition to the regular instruction by the Faculty of the
school lectures on important subjects were delivered by promi-
nent gentlemen of this State and elsewhere. A list of their
names and subjects are given.
President Battle: "History of the Selection of the Site of the
University."
Maj. Robert Bingham: "The English Bible."
General Thomas L. Clingman: "Follies of the Positive Philoso-
phers."
Major Seaton Gales: "The Nineteenth Century."
Hon. S. F. Phillips, Solicitor-General U. S. A.: "Influence of the
Normal School on Education in North Carolina."
Prof. A. W. Mangum: "History of Church Customs."
Hon. J. C. Scarborough: "Defects of the Public School System in
North Carolina."
Governor Vance: "Practical Education and Its Importance to
North Carolina."
Major Jed Hotchkiss: Three lectures, on "Geography" and "Stone-
wall Jackson's Valley Campaign."
Prof. John R. Blake: "Natural Science: Its Importance."
Dr. Thomas W. Harris: "The Circulation of the Blood."
Miss Coe: "Color and Form."
Prof. J. Madison Watson: Four lectures, on Teaching Reading,
on Spelling and Letter Sounds; two on Elocution.
Rev. Dr. J. Henry Smith: "The Importance of Little Things."
Normal School of 1878. 159
Judge R. P. Dick: "The Bible as a Textbook."
Prof. W. C. Kerr: "The Geology of North Carolina."
Prof. C. D. Grandy: "The Spectroscope."
Rev. Dr. C. H. Wiley: "The History of Our Public School System."
Rev. Dr. T. H. Pritchard: "The English Language."
Rev. Dr. N. B. Cobb: "Phonography."
Hon. L. L. Polk, Commissioner of Agriculture: "What Are the
Demands of Our State and How Shall We Meet Them?"
Prof. George T. Winston: Two lectures, on "The Character of the
Romans" and on "Latin Pronunciation."
This was a brilliant session of the school. The total number
in attendance was four hundred and two, of whom one hundred
and ninety were women. The number of counties represented
was fifty-nine. Among the new features were the novel and
suggestive lectures of Major Hotchkiss, of Staunton, Virginia,
particularly his illuminating story of the Valley Campaign of
Stonewall Jackson ; the lectures of Mr. Watson, writer of popu-
lar school books and teacher in the schools of New York; the
teachings on English Philology by Mr. Page, illustrated by ex-
tracts from the great authors, particularly Shakespeare; the
best methods of teaching Algebra, Latin, and Chemistry, by
University Professors, Messrs. Graves, Winston, and Grandy;
the introduction into the State of kindergarten instruction, by
the accomplished Miss E. M. Coe, of New York, while the
vocal music was further extended by the addition of Mr.
Charles Wilson, who formed choirs and glee clubs while his
brother taught the school at large. The singing added liveli-
ness and happiness to the school and enabled the teachers to
secure the same result among their classes.
An inspection of the list of lecturers will enable one to real-
ize what intellectual advantages were enjoyed during this
school. General Clingman was then in his prime and discussed
his subject in a way to delight all orthodox hearers. Major
Bingham handled his great subject in his usual able, thorough
and unconventional style. Rev. Dr. J. Henry Smith and Judge
Dick were, as always, strong and eloquent ; Professor Kerr was
the greatest then living authority on the Geology of North
Carolina, and Professor Grandy explained lucidly the wonders
of the spectroscope. Dr. Wiley's history was highest author-
160 History of University of North Carolina.
ity, as it might be said to him, "quorum magna pars fuisti."
Rev. Dr. Pritchard was considered one of the ablest speakers
in his church, the Baptist. Dr. Cobb showed how easily a
bright mind could acquire shorthand writing. Colonel Polk's
office gave him full opportunity to know the needs of the State
and he well illustrated his subject. Dr. Winston's lectures
showed much thought and impressive delivery. President Bat-
tle's History of the Selection of the Site of the University was
listened to with great interest. Major Gales was con-
sidered one of the best speakers in the State and his lecture was
one of his most admirable. Solicitor-General Phillips proved
what we claimed, that the Normal School was almost revolu-
tionizing education in North Carolina. Rev. Dr. Mangum was
at his best in the History of Church Customs. Mr. Scar-
borough's long service as Superintendent of Public Instruction
gave him full insight into the defects of the Public School
system and he most forcibly pointed them out. Governor
Vance showed his usual strength and forcible style in pointing
out the advantages to individuals and to the State of practical
education. Prof. John R. Blake, of Davidson College, gave a
charming exposition of the importance of Natural Science,
and Dr. Thomas W. Harris a lucid exposition on the Circula-
tion of the Blood. And finally Miss Coe, in the graceful style
for which women are conspicuous, lectured on Color and Form.
The teachers in attendance organized a State Teachers' As-
sociation, and took steps toward the formation of County Asso-
ciations. President Battle was elected President.
The Normal students were allowed free use of the Univer-
sity Library, and by the courtesy of the Dialectic and Philan-
thropic Societies, of their libraries. The University Museum
and Laboratories were likewise open for their use.
The Normal School Debating Society, formed the previous
year, was continued and was of great advantage in training
how to speak and how to write. The orations and essays on
the closing day by Messrs. C. W. Howard, R. P. Pell, J. M.
Bandy, C. B. Aycock, R. S. Arrowood, J. H. Small, R. E.
Caldwell, and W. R. Slade, were much praised by the large
audience, both for matter and manner.
Normal School of 1878. 161
The fund placed in President Battle's hands by Rev. Dr.
Sears, $500, supplemented from the State appropriation, for
the payment of the expenses of indigent teachers, was carefully
expended and was a blessing to many. By this aid eighty-
three indigent teachers were enabled to attend the school.
The fund was devoted almost entirely to defraying traveling
expenses. The railroad companies of the State and the Black-
water line of steamboats likewise increased the attendance by
granting reduced fares.
Every exertion was made by giving the free use of the Uni-
versity dormitories, and the loan or rent of bedding, etc., as
well as by supplying facilities for cooking for those desiring to
board themselves, to reduce expenses to a minimum. Many
persons of small means lived at a cost of only $4 or $5 per
month, while others, from Orange and adjoining counties,
and even from counties as remote as Randolph, Johnston, and
Harnett brought their supplies and lived almost as cheaply as
at home. The business agent of the school, Mr. Andrew
Mickle, was indefatigable in counseling and assisting those
needing his services.
President Battle reported to the Board of Trustees that "the
industry and efficiency of the instructors of the school, the en-
thusiasm, order, and devotion to duty of the students have
achieved results of lasting benefit to the cause of education in
the State." There were teachers in attendance who had spent
years in their calling ; there were teachers only beginning their
work ; there were those seeking to become qualified to take
charge of schools. But, one and all, over four hundred of the
best material in the State gave unanimous and earnest approval
of the Normal School. They declared that they had their
minds enlarged and quickened, their stores of information and
power to acquire other stores, increased. They of their own
accord united in a memorial to the General Assembly for the
continuation of the school in the future, expressing the decided
conviction that "the discontinuance would be a great misfor-
tune to the State." The memorial was submitted to the Board
of Education, who indorsed it and transmitted it to the General
11
1 62 History of University of North Carolina.
Assembly. The appropriation of $2,000 per annum was con-
tinued until repealed and its benefits were extended to females.
The closing exercises of the school were of exceptional in-
terest. They were preceded on the day before by the kinder-
garten class of nearly sixty children, many, quite young, ex-
hibiting the perfection of their training under Miss Coe and
her coadjutors. The same evening was the enjoyable concert,
mostly vocal, but with guitar, piano, and violin music, very
pleasurable. On the closing day Air. A. J. Jones, President of
the Debating Society, called out the speakers. Rev. J. F.
Heitman, of the Methodist Church, offered prayer. The
speeches and the essays were considered to be quite up to the
standard of those of the average college graduate. Then Prof.
John A. Woodburn, on behalf of the students, presented Pro-
fessor Ladd with a gold headed cane, and Miss Nettie Mar-
shall to President Battle a beautiful mantel clock, ornamented
with a figure of the Genius of Education, a graceful woman
pointing a boy at her side upward to Heaven. Both the pre-
senters made very appropriate speeches, which met with im-
promptu replies, as the secret had been perfectly kept, — dis-
proving the hoary gibes on woman for non-reticence.
In the absence of the Governor, Mr. P. C. Cameron, Presi-
dent of the Board of Trustees of the University, in his usual
forcible and happy style, closed the school. A hymn, composed
by Mrs. C. P. Spencer especially for the occasion, was sung
with spirit.
Mr. John H. Mills, traveling with a Concert Class of the
Oxford Orphanage, he being the Superintendent of the
Asylum, met the Normalites going home as they spent the night
at Durham. He wrote, "The Normal School is closing and
these are the most affectionate students we ever saw. Such
delicious promenades and tender adieus ! They have enjoyed a
Chapel Hill Commencement six weeks long. * * * Every-
body was as happy as an old woman at a campmeeting. Long
live President Battle, Governor Vance, the gifted Professors,
and Brother Dugger! * * * Farewell, happy Normalites!"
Rev. Dr. Thomas H. Pritchard, President of Wake Forest
College, addressed the school, anel on his return home gave his
Views of a Distinguished Educator. 163
impressions in the Biblical Recorder. I give some quotations
from his article :
"It may not be inappropriate to say that Professors Grandy,
Watson, Owen, and the Brothers Wilson are Baptists. The
School continued six weeks wanting two days, and rarely has
so much work been accomplished in so brief a period of time.
There was an air of business about the whole thing that struck
every one — everybody seemed to know everybody and to feel
perfectly at home, and resolved to realize all the good they
could out of the school while it lasted.
"Did space allow I should like to describe in detail the exer-
cises of a day, the morning worship, the lecture in Geography
from Professor Owen ; the striking system of instructing the
very young, known as the Kindergarten System ; the very wise
and practical lectures of Professor Ladd on the discipline of
school and the best methods of teaching; the classes for study-
ing Arithmetic, Grammar, analyzing English, Latin ; the
Shakespeare class of Professor Page, and his lectures on the
English language ; the rare skill in singing, and the training of
the Professors Wilson ; all was interesting and must have been
profitable in a high degree.
"Almost every night there was a lecture on some important
and interesting topic by prominent men from this and other
States. Besides Major Hotchkiss, of Virginia, and the Hon.
Samuel F. Phillips, of Washington, D. C., Governor Vance
and Messrs. Polk, Wiley, I. H. Smith, Gales, Dick, Bingham,
Pritchard, etc., addressed the school.
"It would be difficult, I think, to estimate the good that must
result from this school. The teachers were greatly benefited.
Not only did they learn much as to the best methods of teach-
ing and managing schools, books, etc., but they were obliged
to be intellectually stimulated and quickened in a high degree,
and besides this they formed valuable friendships, they came
to appreciate their calling more highly; there was necessarily
and naturally awakened in them an esprit de corps, which has
already manifested itself in the formation of a State Teachers'
Association. Then they, as well as the hundreds who visited
the school, will take to their homes a quickened interest in the
164 History of University of North Carolina.
cause of education, to be felt, I trust, throughout the State,
and exert an influence upon the coming Legislature by which
our system of common schools will be greatly improved.
"Of course, the Normal School is a splendid advertisement
to the University. Dr. Battle and everybody else at Chapel
Hill were so pleasant to all these strangers, and all the associa-
tions of the place were so delightful that very many of these
teachers will feel very much like saying a good word for the
University when they see a boy who wishes to go to college."
Scores of eminent men of the State visited the school and
their testimony coincided with that of Dr. Pritchard. Major
Bingham said in a public address, "The establishment of the
Normal School was the greatest event in the history of North
Carolina of the past one hundred years. Its successes are more
direct and affect the future of the State more than any event
which has occurred or is likely to occur.
"Again, this State is the first to connect the Normal School
with her University, and put it under the control of the same.
In this the State has done wisely. President Battle has done
more for North Carolina in his efforts for education than any
man in the State. This is the first time in the annals of the
State that females have enjoyed the benefits of the public
money." He eulogized the Normal School and stated that had
he attended a Normal School many of his own defects would
have been remedied. "* * * It will be a sad day in the
State when the sun of the Normal School shines for the last
time on the University Campus."
These views from one of the most distinguished educators
the State has, or ever had, are entitled to the utmost respect.
Governor Vance made several addresses before the school.
He congratulated in tones that gave depth and earnestness to
his emotions the teachers present, and their teachers, and their
friends, and the Faculty of the University, and the residents of
Chapel Hill on the wonderful and most gratifying results of
this experiment. And his messages to the General Assembly
reiterated this view.
Rev. Dr. A. D. Hepburn, the scholarly President of Davidson
College, was as emphatic in his laudations. He congratulated
University Day, 1878. 165
President Battle "on being called by God's good providence to
inaugurate this new movement in education ; this effort to pop-
ularize culture, to show that the University was for all the cit-
izens of the State."
The commendations of scores of our best people, especially
teachers, were equally strong. It can not be affirmed that the
press of the State was unanimous in the same direction, but it
is true that no contrary comment was ever heard of, and the
leading newspapers endorsed the movement in strong terms.
For example, the Raleigh Observer said, "The opening of the
Normal School at the University inaugurated a movement the
beneficial results of which will continue to be felt for all time
to come, in fact we regard it as the actual dawn of a new,
brighter, and better era in North Carolina."
Solicitor-General S. F. Phillips said, "This Normal School
is giving to the future of North Carolina a light possessed by
no other movement since the war."
University Day was in this year held for convenience sake
on October nth. The rostrum was beautifully decorated by
ladies, above it the legend "Sicut patribus, 1776-1878." The
Glee Club sang "The Old North State." President Battle then
continued his History of the University, by giving an account
of the several buildings, beginning with the Old East. The
University Ode was sung and President Battle then introduced
Hon. John W. Norwood, of Hillsboro, of the Class of 1824,
who proceeded to give a most interesting history of his class.
Out of eighty Freshmen only thirty-six took their degrees.
After a lapse of twenty years only five were left in the State.
Some great men belonged to the class, among them Win. A.
Graham, John Bragg, Matthias E. Manly, Edward D. Simms,
Daniel B. Baker, James W. Bryan, A. J. DeRosset, Thomas
Dews, Augustus Moore, David Outlaw, Blomfield L. Ridley.
Only Judge M. E. Manly and Dr. A. J. DeRosset and the
speaker were then surviving.
The exercises were closed by a hymn sung by the Glee Club,
and the benediction by Rev. Dr. Roe, of New Jersey, a relative
of Dr. Charles Phillips.
1 66 History of University of North Carolina.
It was remarked that Judge William H. Battle, who had been
a Trustee since 1835, except for the interval from 1868 to
1874, and who had attended almost every public exercise of the
University during that period, was present on this occasion,
his last attendance on a public exercise. Fifty-eight years ago
he had at his graduation delivered the valedictory oration from
the rostrum in Person Hall. His interested face was seen at
almost even- Normal School exercise.
[Medical Department.
On February 12, 1879, the Medical School was established
by the Executive Committee in accordance with a scheme con-
sidered after consultation with Dr. Thomas W. Harris, late
of Chatham County, a first honor graduate of 1859, an M.D.
of Paris, a Captain in the Confederate Army, a physician of
recognized skill and ability. Dr. Harris was elected Professor
of Anatomy and Dean of the School. Prof. A. Fletcher Redd
had charge of General and Analytical Chemistry, Frederick
W. Simonds was Professor of Botany and Physiology. The
design of the school was modest — to prepare students for at-
tendance on the lectures of the leading medical colleges. For
the first year's course instruction was given in the above named
studies. For the second year instruction was by Dr. Harris
in Anatomy, Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and the Practice
of Medicine. Anatomy was taught by dissection of human
subjects and by models, of which the Professor had a large
collection of the make of the celebrated Auzoux. Then fol-
lowed a short course in the operation of Surgery, in which Dr.
Harris was well skilled. Free clinics were given once or twice
a week and opportunity afforded to the students of seeing dis-
eases at the clinic and at other times, and, under the direction
of the Professor, of treating them. The Professor of Anatomy
was not subject to University regulations and received no
salary.
Dr. Harris had exceptional advantages as Dean of the Medi-
cal School. He graduated at this University in 1858, being
one of the first honor men in a class of ninety-three. He ob-
tained his medical diploma at the University of New York.
[Medical Department of 1879-1885. 167
He then spent two years in hospital work in the famous Ecole
de Medecine of Paris, France, devoting himself especially to
Anatomy. He was medical attendant for nine months under
the distinguished Velpeau. He studied diligently the latest
French and other works and was abreast with the newest dis-
coveries of his profession. He was very active and indus-
trious, with a decided genius for his science.
Dr. Harris was an able man and a good teacher, but the
necessity of engaging in general practice resulted in such fre-
quent absence from his classes that they continued very small.
This caused his resignation and removal to Durham in 1885.
The School of Medicine was then suspended for five years.
While he was at the head of the department the body of a
woman disappeared from a country graveyard. Shortly be-
fore bedtime an aged colored woman, once Judge Battle's
cook, called on President Battle. She said, "Mars Kemp!
them people are mighty mad about that body being stolen.
They have got the right from the Mayor and are going to
search the University and I thought you ought to know it."
I suitably thanked her and went in the rain nearly a mile to
the residence of Dr. Harris. He said simply, "They will not
find anything," and they did not. It was never known who
robbed the grave.
There was much indignation and anxiety in the neighbor-
hood. One man had the graves of his two daughters guarded
by an armed watch for the nights of three weeks. It led to
the passage by the General Assembly of an act making grave
robbery a misdemeanor. The Professors gave their assurance
to the people that no such act should be perpetrated by their
students. For nearly thirty years the promise has been faith-
fully kept and the fears and anxieties of those whose relatives
and friends lie in the ground have completely passed away.
Judge Battle.
Judge William Horn Battle, on account of increasing in-
firmities, resigned his professorship in January, 1879, and died
March 19th of the same year. He had been an enthusiastic
and efficient Trustee for thirty-eight years, beginning with
168 History of University of North Carolina.
1833, and much of that time a member of the Executive Com-
mittee. He had been Professor of Law for twenty-three years.
While he was not charged with enforcing the discipline of the
University, after his removal to Chapel Hill in 1843 until the
death of President Swain, in 1868, it was the constant habit of
the President to consult him on all matters of difficulty con-
nected with the government of the institution, and by invita-
tion he attended Faculty meetings when not attending his
courts.
Judge Battle was born October 17, 1802, graduated at this
University in 1820, among the highest honor men. He studied
law with Chief Justice Henderson in Granville County, where
he met the lady who afterwards became his wife, Lucy Martin
Plummer, daughter of Kemp Plummer, a leader of the bar
of Warrenton, N. C. He settled at Louisburg as a lawyer,
was a Member of the Legislature ; was joint Reporter with T.
P. Devereux of the decisions of the Supreme Court ; largely
aiding in the extensive necessary copying. He was then sole
Reporter until appointed in 1840 Superior Court Judge. In
1848 he was appointed by Governor Graham a Judge of the
Supreme Court, but was not elected by the General Assembly,
because there were already so many high officers from Orange
County, and because he refused to solicit votes from Members
of the Legislature. He was reinstated in his position as Supe-
rior Court Judge. In 1852 he was elected by the General As-
sembly to the Supreme Court and so continued until 1868,
when he was not reelected because he was opposed to the party
dominant under the Reconstruction Acts of Congress. He then
practiced law in Raleigh until 1876, for one year being presi-
dent of the Raleigh National r>ank. The next year he removed
to Chapel Hill and was elected Professor of Law.
In addition to his labors as lawyer, Reporter, Professor and
Judge, he edited and annotated some of the early North Caro-
lina Reports, republishing two volumes with copious notes.
He also published four volumes of Digests. In 1836, with
Chief Justice Nash and ex-Governor Iredell, he prepared and
published the Revised Statutes, residing in Boston some months
in order to read proof. He also prepared at his own charge
Eulogies on Judge Battle. 169
Battle's Revisal, which was accepted by the General Assembly.
Judge Battle, though without prejudice against the other
denominations, was a faithful member of the Protestant Epis-
copal Church. He attended as a Delegate all of the Diocesan
Conventions and was a Delegate to all the General Conven-
tions, in the United States and in the Confederate States, from
shortly before the War of Secession to his death. In 1865
he assisted Bishop Atkinson in reuniting the Episcopal Church.
The Faculty attested that Judge Battle was "eminent for
all the virtues and endowments that ennoble one's nature."
"His career is an admirable instance of well poised intellectual
and moral powers, under the influence of right principles,
steadily applied to the accomplishment of high purpose and
noble ends." These words were penned by Prof. J. DeBerniere
Hooper, who had been an intimate friend for a third of a
century.
Chief Justice Merrimon of the Supreme Court Bench said:
"I shall not say that Judge Battle was a great man in any single
respect, but he was great in the unity, symmetry, goodness and
beauty of his character. His whole record is stainless."
A writer in the University monthly says : "The period of his
death is a memorable one and will ever be vivid to the students
of 1879. On Sunday morning as the sun was rising the old
College bell rang out for the students to do the last honor to
the old man, the Judge, who had gone to his well earned rest.
They escorted the remains to the edge of the village, and their
committee went on to Raleigh to lay the body in state in the
Capitol. Three days later, in the darkness of the night, the bell
rang out again. At the dreary summons the students once more
gathered. This time it was to perform the same service to
one of their comrades, one who a short time before had been
as happy and as thoughtless as any one. In double file they
followed the corpse slowly and sorrowfully to the edge of the
town. They thought as they separated of the strangeness of
death — of the old man taken in the fullness of years, of the
young man taken in his prime."
Judge Battle's teaching in the University was. from 1845 t0
1868, and from 1877 to 1879. He was a Trustee from 1833
i/O History of University of North Carolina.
to 1868 and from 1874 to 1879. While a resident of Raleigh,
1840 to 1843, ne was an active member of the Executive Com-
mittee. He was an ardent lover of the University and infused
that love into his wife and children. I give an incident of his
early manhood, as indicating his temperate habits and as a
lesson to young men to avoid spirituous liquors. Being in
poor health his physician prescribed the old fashioned remedy,
a toddy before breakfast. One morning while dressing he
said, "Old Woman!" (a playful name he gave his wife), "Old
Woman ! I will not take another toddy!" "Why?" said she,
"I think it is doing you good." "Well, I think so, too, but I
found myself dressing fast in order to get to it. Don't make
me another." And so he lived with mens sana in cor pore sano.
He was buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Raleigh, by his
wife of forty-nine years, near children, parents, and other
relatives. The young man above mentioned, Maurice H. Wil-
cox, found a resting place among his kindred in the cemetery
of Warrenton.
Action of Trustees on Cameron and Swain Debts.
The Visiting Committee for 1879 were Rev. Dr. C. H.
Wiley, Messrs. J. D. Cameron, J. S. Carr, John Manning, and
Will H. Battle. Their report was very favorable. The Ex-
ecutive Committee were Governor Vance, B. F. Moore, Wm.
H. Battle, Paul C. Cameron, William L. Saunders, and George
V. Strong.
Mr. P. C. Cameron brought before the Board the claims of
his sister and President Swain. They were of high dignity,
for money lent to the University for finishing the New East
and New West Buildings. The principal of the former was
$10,000, and accrued interest brought it probably to $15,000.
The latter was at first $3,000 but increased to about $5,000.
After discussion of the claims, the matter was referred to the
Governor, K. P. Battle, and D. M. Carter. The committee
after investigation found themselves unable to pay the debt
for the reason that everything owned by the University, and
whatever was given by the General Assembly or by private
donors, were for the special purpose of carrying forward the
The Cameron and Swain Debts. 171
work of the University and could be used for no other purpose.
The Swain debt was left unpaid. Mr. P. C. Cameron deter-
mined to save his sister's claim by buying all the land sold
under the decree of the court. This embraced some two hun-
dred and fifty acres at Chapel Hill, decided by the court not
to be necessary to the life of the University, and a large tract,
whose extent was unknown, of escheated lands of David Alli-
son, in the counties of Buncombe, Henderson and Transyl-
vania. This tract after survey was found to be much larger
than was expected and Mr. Cameron by a fortunate resale
more than paid his sister's debt. The Trustees of the Uni-
versity took no step towards ascertaining the value of this
land for in no event was it deemed possible to pay out of the
proceeds the debts due the banks and all others. It was not
deemed wise to expend out of the small amount in the treasury
sums merely to increase the dividend on liabilities totally be-
yond their power to meet.
The lands about Chapel Hill bought by Mr. Cameron have
been mostly resold by him or by his executors. Part of this
land is about seventy acres reaching to and comprising about
one-half of Piney Prospect. It is to be hoped that means may
be found to save this for the University. To lose Piney Pros-
pect with its extensive vistas, described by Davie and resorted
to by students and visitors for over a hundred years, would
be a disaster. From it can be seen hundreds of square miles
of the old Triassic Sea, with the spires* and factory chimneys
of Durham, the Main Building of Trinity College conspicuous
above the trees. It gives the University the advantage of
semi-mountainous scenery.
Commencement of 1879.
The Seniors of the reconstructed University dearly coveted
the privileges of their predecessors of the old regime, con-
stantly petitioning for the same, never daunted by yearly re-
fusals by the Faculty, until their stubborn denials were found
to be final.
They had heard of the Senior vacation of old times, giving
the Seniors a month's holidav before Commencement. The
172 History of University of North Carolina.
reason assigned was that time was necessary to enable the
speakers to prepare their orations. As these constituted only
about one-third of the class there must have been another rea-
son. It was in accordance with the policy of President
Swain to aggrandize this class. It was a favorite maxim of
his, "As is the Senior Class so is the University." Hence was
granted this coveted holiday, and hence the "grave and rev-
erend Seniors," besides this vacation, were required to attend
only two-thirds of the hours of lectures, being exempted from
the recitation before breakfast, a boon dear to the somnolent
youth, and of real value to those of the diligent who devoted
themselves to general reading.
Such was the meagreness of entertainment of visitors at
Commencement that the Secretary and Treasurer took the
responsibility of expending $91.36 for purchasing bedding and
other furniture for the accommodation of the Trustees. His
action was ratified and the articles purchased were afterwards
sold to students.
The Chief Marshal was James M. Leach, Jr. His assist-
ants were J. C. Dowd, J. H. Hill, E. P. Maynard, Philan-
thropies ; R. D. Reid, C. A. McNeill, and C. D. Mclver, Dia-
lectics, the Chief belonging to the same society.
Rev. Dr. Moses D. Hoge was on his way to the University
to preach, by invitation, the sermon to the graduating class,
the Baccalaureate sermon. At Durham he met President Bat-
tle, who informed him that Senator Thurman, who had agreed
to deliver the annual address, was unable to carry out his
promise. The Philanthropic Society, whose turn it was to
choose the orator, requested Dr. Hoge, instead of a sermon, to
take the Ohio Senator's place. He kindly consented and deliv-
ered without notes an address of great power and appropriate-
ness on the "Nobility and Beauty of an Unselfish Life." He
was introduced to the audience by Henry E. Faison, of the
Philanthropic Society.
At the meeting of the alumni, which took place after Dr.
Hoge's address. Major J. W, Graham announced the death
of ex-Judge Wm. H. Battle, president of the Association, and
nominated Prof. J. DeBerniere Hooper, as president pro tern.,
Commencement of 1879. 173
in his place. Being unanimously elected he took the chair,
and Mr. Fabius H. Busbee introduced Hon. Samuel Field Phil-
lips, Solicitor-General of the United States, the meeting being
public. His address was of great excellence. Graduating in
1841 at the University, one of the first honor men, he soon was
regarded as one of our ablest lawyers and ultimately attained
the eminent dignity of Solicitor-General of the United States.
Among other topics he eulogized in glowing terms three of our
graduates, who had recently died, B. F. Moore, William H.
Battle, and David M. Carter, whose lives shed lustre on the
University. He also eulogized Lewis Bond, of Tennessee,
and Hugh Waddell, of the Class of 1818, once Speaker of the
Senate, both of whom had died during the year. He gave
many reminiscences of the past of the University and wise sug-
gestions as to its future and that of the society. General Phil-
lips' tongue, pen, and purse were always at the command of his
Alma Alater.
On Wednesday night the society representatives delivered
original orations. In introducing them President Battle al-
luded to the colors of the two societies. "A man who wears
a white ribbon never says Die, and no one cay say Fie to one
who wears a blue."
The Dialectics were Roderick Belton John, his subject being
"Three Necessary Elements of Xational Prosperity"; James
Wiley Forbis on "The South Shall Yet be Free" ; and Robert
Paine Pell on "The Present Demand for a Southern Litera-
ture."
The Philanthropies were Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble on
"National Unity"; Locke Craig on "The Philosophy of the
Strength and Progress of Islamism" ; and Charles Randolph
Thomas on "The French Revolution."
On Commencement Day, after the usual procession, well
conducted by James M. Leach, Jr., Chief Marshal, a very large
company assembled in the Chapel. The exercises were begun
by a prayer by Rev. Dr. Theodore B. Whitfield, of the Class
of 1854. Then followed a hymn led by the Salem Band.
The first speaker was John Moore Manning on "Capital
and Labor as Affected bv Government." The next was Robert
i/4 History of University of North Carolina.
Watson Winston on the "Effect of Modern Inventions on
Politics and Morality." Xext came a strong speech by Robert
Strange on ''Compulsory Education." The fourth speaker was
Richard Bullock Henderson and his subject was "Call Things
by Their Right Names." This oration was peculiar in having
much humor. Francis Donnell Winston followed on "Na-
tional Character as influenced by Agriculture." The audience
pronounced this speech as "replete with brilliant ideas, and
abundance of old fashioned hard horse sense." James Smith
Manning received the praise of having "an excellent speech"
on "Influence of Individual Character." "Some beautiful and
valuable gems of thought" were attributed to Willliam Joseph
Peele, his theme being "Philosophy of Reform." William
Lanier Hill in a forcible speech on "The Chinese in America"
advocated bringing them to America for the purpose of build-
ing our railroads and other works.
The Mangum Medal was won by R. W. Winston. It was
presented by Gen. James Madison Leach.
The annual report was then read by Prof. C. D. Grandy.
The following Degrees were conferred :
Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) :
Kemp Plummer Battle, Jr.
Richard B. Henderson.
William Lanier Hill.
James Smith Manning.
John Moore Manning.
William Joseph Peele.
Alva Connell Springs.
Robert Strange.
Francis Donnell Winston.
Robert Watson Winston 10
Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph.B.) :
Isaac Montrose Taylor 1
Bachelor of Science (B.S.) :
Gaston Ahi Robbins 1
Total 12
Battle, Springs, Robbins, and Taylor were allowed to pre-
sent theses instead of speaking.
Commencement of 1879. 175
The Honorary degrees were as follows :
Doctor of Lazvs (LL.D.): Thomas Samuel Ashe, 1832, and
John Henry Dillard, 1839, then Judges of the Supreme Court,
and Samuel Field Phillips, 1841, then Solicitor-General of the
United States.
Doctor of Divinity (D.DS) : Rev. F. H. Kerfoot, of Balti-
more; J. F. Pickett, of Mississippi, 1859; Daniel S. Hender-
son, of Alabama, and Aristides S. Smith, of North Carolina.
Master of Arts (A.M.): Fabius H. Busbee, 1868, of North
Carolina, and John M. Webb, 1868, of Tennessee.
The winners of Medals and Prizes were :
Greek Medals — Charles Duncan Mclver, John Alton Mclver.
Chemistry Medal — Robert Ransom.
Latin Medal — Louis Morehead Patterson.
Bingham Medal (Entrance) — Albert Sidney Grandy.
German Prize — Alexander Lacy Phillips.
Mangum Medal — Robert Watson Winston.
After the graduates had been called up to receive their
diplomas at the hands of the Governor, as President of the
Board of Trustees, he gave them sound advice and fairest
wishes for success and happiness in life. He reminded them
that "Success in arms in the acquisition of territory gives tem-
porary renown, but after the lapse of a few centuries every-
thing but the great thoughts of a people perishes." The re-
porter adds, "How true ! We speak of the age of Dante, care-
less of what Julius or Nicholas or Gregory might occupy the
Papal chair."
Judge Ashe gave an amusing account of the reception of
his doctorate by Judge Dillard. The Supreme Court was puz-
zling over the question whether an old lady, Mibra Gulley, was
a necessary party in an action. Judge Ashe walked into Judge
Dillard's room before breakfast and found him poring over his
books. "Good morning, Dr. Dillard!" "What do you mean?"
said Dillard, looking up from his work. "I mean what I say.
The University has made us Doctors of Laws." "The Dick-
ens you say. A mighty sorry Doctor of Laws am I, when for
the life of me I can't decide whether under the Code of Civil
176 History of University of North Carolina.
Procedure old Mibra Gulley should be joined as a plaintiff in
this action."
The graduates of 1879 have, as a rule, done well in life.
Battle an eye, ear, and throat specialist ; Henderson and Man-
ning, J. M., prominent physicians ; Manning, J. S., ex-Supreme
Court Judge, State Senator, and Representative ; Peele, lawyer
and author; Strange, Bishop of East Carolina; Winston, F. D.,
Judge, Lieutenant-Governor, and State Senator; Winston, R.
W.j Judge and very prominent lawyer; Taylor, long assistant
physician of the Western Hospital for the Insane, and now
Principal of the Broadoaks Sanitarium, at Morganton ; Rob-
bins, a Representative in Congress, now dead ; Hill, a pros-
perous lawyer, and Springs, a bank president.
On Thursday night an effort was made by means of a lawn
party to provide amusement for the large number of nondancers
present, engineered by a most worthy man, Eugene L. Harris,
whose useful career in a few years was cut short by pulmo-
nary consumption. Chinese lanterns were hung on the trees in
the Campus, light refreshments were provided and seats distrib-
uted where "sweet nothings" could be whispered. The experi-
ment was not successful. The absence of the gay dancers was
severely felt and it was found that those who did not partici-
pate in the mazy whirl preferred the brilliant lights of the
ballroom, where they could gaze on the flashing diamonds, the
radiant costumes, the graceful figures of the evolutions. A
Methodist, writing for the Christian Advocate, gave his im-
pressions as follows : "The ball, as usual, was, as I am told,
largely attended, and continued all night until morning light.
Many members of the different churches visited the enchanting
scene, some going just to meet their friends, some to accom-
panv their visiting friends, some to hear the music, some to
see the ladies' dresses, and some to hear the woman play on the
fiddle, but I have heard of none who went to see the dancing!
Perhaps they ought not to be blamed too much for going, for
the thing is equal to a circus to draw the curious and the im-
pressible."
It may be well here to explain the attitude of the University
towards dancing. On one hand there are people of excellent
Reunion Class of 1854. 177
piety and good intentions who think it wrong, as inciting to
licentiousness. They also think that the tenets of their
churches, as expounded by their clerical leaders, are against
it. On the other hand there are people of equal piety and good
intentions who think it a harmless amusement. They point to
the undenied fact that young men and women of the highest
character and conduct participate in it and are encouraged to
do so by godly parents. Moreover, the preachers and leaders
of other denominations of Christians countenance it, at any
rate they do not object. Under these circumstances the Uni-
versity takes sides with neither. It is a social question about
which there is difference of opinion. The authorities can not
think it a crime or leads to crime for experience shows that the
ball managers and other student participants are and have been
among our most hightoned and free from vice, and the wildest
malignity dares not to cast suspicions on the conduct and
purity of their partners.
The allowing the use of a room on the Campus, not needed
for instruction at the time, was not considered a violation of
neutrality. But even this was forbidden when the increase of
the library required that its floor should be taken up with
alcoves.
The Chief Ball Manager was B. C. Sharpe, the assistants
C. D. Hill, J. P. MacRae, W. E. Philips, and R. W. Winborne.
One of the most agreeable features of Commencement was
the Reunion of the Class of 1854. Death by disease and battle
had made sad inroads in its ranks. The members present were
Hon. Richard H. Battle, Rev. Dr. Needham B. Cobb, Captain
Elnathan Hayne Davis, Colonel Ivey Foreman Lewis, Captain
Richard B. Saunders, and Rev. Dr. Theodore B. Whitfield.
They had their social meeting and in the Chapel had reserved
seats together. The class contained sixty members and many
of them have been distinguished in Church and State.
A novel incident of the Commencement was the bringing of
the members of the Masonic Order, then in session in Durham,
by Messrs. W. T. Blackwell and J. S. Carr, to Chapel Hill to
witness the Commencement exercises. There were seven four-
12
178 History of University of North Carolina.
horse and five two-horse vehicles, all gaily caparisoned. Each
Mason was purring away at a long reed and clay pipe. A
bounteous picnic dinner was had on the lawn.
Solicitor-General Phillips, Hon. John Manning, and Prof.
W. C. Kerr were appointed by the Alumni Association to pro-
cure funds for erecting on Mount Mitchell and at Chapel Hill
monuments to Dr. Elisha Mitchell. That on Mt. Mitchell was
provided for by the will of Mrs. Eliza Grant, his daughter. It
was in due time placed in position after much difficulty and
labor by the energy of Dr. Wm. B. Phillips. A marble slab
in a conspicuous place in Memorial Hall, by order of the
Trustees, and a similar slab in the Presbyterian Church, keep
alive the memory of the learned doctor.
There were only a few changes in the Faculty of i878-'79.
Professor Grandy was given the Chair of Natural Philosophy.
The Chair of Law, vacant by Judge Battle's death, was tem-
porarily filled by President Battle. Thomas W. Harris, M.D.,
became Professor of Anatomy and Materia Medica. W. C.
Kerr, Ph.D.. State Geologist, was Lecturer on Geology of
North Carolina. Isaac E. Emerson was Instructor in Chem-
istry. He has since used his chemical education to such ad-
vantage that he has become one of the most prosperous drug-
gists in the LTnited States. He is numbered among the million-
aires of the land, now of Baltimore.
Religious Exercises.
It was in this year that Professor Redd, a strong Baptist,
authorized by his church to be a lay preacher, and often exer-
cising this liberty, took the ground that it was against principle
to require students to attend Prayers. He contended that en-
forced religious practice was especially against the tenets of
his church. The Faculty concluded to yield to his arguments
and to try the experiment. It resulted as some predicted.
For a short while there was a respectable attendance and
then the numbers present dwindled almost to the vanishing-
point. It was determined to resume the marking of absentees.
For some time the roll was called and the absent thus noted.
When bv the generositv of Mr. David G. Worth, of Wilming-
Baptist Church
Methodist Church
Presbyterian Church
Religious Exercises. 179
ton, the interior of Gerrard Hall was remodeled and chairs re-
placed the uncomfortable benches, numbers were attached to
the chairs, each student having his own number. Two students,
one for each aisle, are employed to report the numbers of the
vacant chairs. The penalty for nonattendance is, first, the loss
of character as an orderly student, and second, being reported
to superiors at home. The result is good, especially as public
prayers are not held on Saturday and Sunday mornings,
nor at any time during the examination period. As for at-
tending divine worship on Sundays, there is no obligation as a
University duty. Experience shows that the removal of com- .
pulsion promotes the cause of religion. The number of pro-
fessing Christians has largely increased. While a considerable
number shirk the Sunday services, if they should be forced to
go, by inattention and positive misbehavior they would not
only derive no benefit to themselves, but be of injury to others.
For years the meeting for Prayers was held a half hour
after the breakfast hour, but now (i9ii-'i2) it is after the first
morning lecture. To give greater inducements to attend, after
Prayers are over a five minutes' talk on an interesting subject
is given by some selected person. The seats placed in the Hall
by the donation of Mr. D. Worth, were found to occupy so
much space that only one-half of the students could be accom-
modated and the gallery benches were too uncomfortable for
use. Both these troubles were afterward remedied, so that the
Seniors and Juniors can join the Sophomores and Freshmen
in the worship of their Maker.
For one year, in accordance with a vote of the Faculty, the
giving of Bibles to graduates was dispensed with. One of the
Trustees, Rev. A. D. Betts, D.D., of the Methodist Church,
was so hurt at this omission that the practice was resumed.
As this is a literary institution having no theological depart-
ment, and as Bibles are commonly owned throughout the land,
the Faculty surrendered their judgment only in deference to
religious sentiment, as voiced by Dr. Betts.
The University has never made a continuous effort to intro-
duce the study and the practice of instrumental or vocal music.
In 1877 Mr. Eugene Wilson, a very competent man, was em-
180 History of University of North Carolina.
ployed for one year to teach singing to those desiring to learn.
In 1879 a member of the Senior Class, Rev. Wm. A. Betts,
although entitled as the son of a preacher to free tuition, pre-
ferred to pay it by giving similar instruction with consent of
the Faculty to a class in singing, and to lead a choir at Prayers.
And President Battle, who believed in the efficacy of singing as
a mode of recreation and culture, as well as aiding in disci-
pline, procured song books of »Yale University, in the hope that
some of the stirring odes of that institution, slightly altered,
would be popular here. He had a temporary success. A Glee
Club was formed, led by Mr. Betts and Air. James M. Leach,
which showed considerable enthusiasm, but it soon died away.
Since then Glee Clubs have been formed from time to time.
They have even given concerts here and elsewhere. And at
match games of football and baseball we hear rollicking songs
to cheer the players, or at other times a carol from an untaught
group on the Campus. But there is a deplorable absence of sys-
tematic practice among the students generally. The Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction of Connecticut stated to me that
the Superintendent of the high schools in Berlin informed him
that the 6,000 pupils under him all sang. Said he: "Any one
who can talk can sing." I saw two German students once at a
private house requested to give specimens of their University
songs. Each pulled from his pocket a well worn note book,
one took his seat at the piano and they proceeded to comply
with the request of the hostess. I can not conceive of two
Chapel Hill students always prepared for singing by note as
those Germans were. We have generally had in recent years
one or two sufficiently skilled to lead a choir by playing the
tune on the piano, but as a rule he has been insufficiently sup-
ported.
The foregoing criticism does not apply to the various Glee
Clubs, who, after proper instruction, here and elsewhere sus-
tained the honor of the University.
Besides the Glee Club, at various times companies of stu-
dents have acted in dramas with as large a measure of success
as could be expected of novices. Some of them had never seen
a theatre.
Prohibition at Chapel Hill. 181
The Faculty asked that Person Hall should not be rebuilt
and the money thus saved should be spent on equipment, but
the Trustees resolved otherwise. They were, however, as lib-
eral in this regard as the state of the treasury justified.
The Faculty kept a vigilant eye to prevent people of bad
character from pandering to the vices or evil habits of stu-
dents. Boarding with such at tables prepared by them was
broken up and all except visitors were forbidden to frequent
the Campus unless licensed by the President or Faculty.
The habits of the students were much influenced by the con-
dition of old times, when the forest stretched for miles from
the buildings towards the South. The question of how to in-
troduce the decencies of modern life was often discussed and
proved to be insoluble until the General Assembly gave funds
for the construction of water works. At one time water
closets of planks, having every appearance of being of a tem-
porary nature, were constructed near the old dormitories, Old
East, Old West, and South, but it was not long before the
larger was burned as a public nuisance by students who roomed
near it, and the Faculty had the others torn down. The prim-
itive status of things is indicated by the grave law of the
Faculty that no dead animal should be deposited within a half
mile of the Campus or on the premises of any citizens. As the
University had no control over any other than a Professor the
enactment could not protect the Faculty from the odors of the
unsavory prey of those useful birds, whose comeliness and
graceful flight can only be appreciated when "distance lends
enchantment to the view."
• Cognate to this provision of law was the prohibition at or
near Chapel Hill of lager beer saloons. Whatever argument t-
was used for them, by those who declaimed about the small
percentage of alcohol in this popular beverage, was rendered
futile by the potent fact that the beer could be, and would be,
adulterated with additional measures of alcohol, even as harm-
less cider often becomes an intoxicating mixture. But even
without this liability to become stronger the license would have
been refused.
1 82 History of University of North Carolina.
The Secretaries of the Faculty from the reopening to 1886
are here given: Prof. George Tayloe Winston, i875-'78; Prof.
Carey D. Grandy, 1878-79; Prof. Frederick W. Simonds,
1879- '80 ; Prof- Carey D. Grandy, 1880- '81 ; Asst. Prof. Robert
P. Pell, i88i-'82j Bursar William T. Patterson, i882-'84; Prof,
and Registrar J. W. Gore, i884-'86; Asst. Prof, and Librarian
James Lee Love, 1886.
Mountain Climbing.
Four of the graduates of 1879, Robert Strange, Kemp P.
Battle, Jr., Alva Springs, and James S. Manning, determined
to take a pedestrian tour over our mountains. For the infor-
mation of those inclined to follow their robust example I give
their itinerary. They journeyed to Icard's Station, now Con-
nelly's, in Catawba County, by rail, then began their walking,
first to Lenoir, visiting Hibriten peak ; thence to the top of the
Blue Ridge, Blowing Rock, and Raven's Rock. Crossing the
Ridge they visited Yalle Crucis and Dutch Creek Falls, then
climbed Grandfather Mountain, camping on top to see the sun
rise. They next visited Linville River to the Falls, then Table
Rock, Hawk's Bill, and the neighboring cave. Again crossing
the Blue Ridge they went down Plum Tree Creek to Toe River,
thence up the river to the Yellow Mountain, where they spent
the night in a deserted cabin. They then followed the ridges
to the Roan and its points of interest ; thence to Bakersville.
Their itinerary then led to Sink Hole mica mines, Black Moun-
tain, Swannanoa Gap, Hickory Nut Gap and Falls, and Csesar's
Head, then around the headwaters of the French Broad to Mt.
Pisgah, then to Whiteside Mountain, then to the Macon High-
lands, to Tallulah and Toccoa Falls in Georgia, thence by rail
home. Their entire outfit consisted of a few articles of cloth-
ing carried an knapsacks.
The Bakersville Republican, from whose columns the fore-
going points are gathered, adds, "Their gentlemanly deport-
ment and social manners won the admiration of our citizens,
and they left with many heartfelt good wishes for their safety
on their trip. If these young gentlemen are a fair sample of
A Pedestrian Tour. 183
the students at Chapel Hill, North Carolina may well be proud
of her State University." The editor then goes into poetry,
probably the refrain of a mountain song,
"They strapped their knapsacks on their backs
And started off for Georgia."
They carried no fishing tackle on their journey, nor firearms
of any sort, but occasionally borrowed instruments for fishing
or hunting. They met with kindness everywhere, enjoyed the
mountain food, as a rule, gloried in the scenery, and grew
stronger every day. There was only one mishap, a sprained
ankle, but this did not detain them long. There came near
being a serious trouble. Borrowing a gun Battle went grouse
hunting. Stepping on a log in a place where the laurel was
extremely thick he felt something writhing under his feet.
Looking down he saw a huge rattler. The rapidity with which
he leaped back and shot the snake was a credit to the first base-
man of his team at Chapel Hill. This was the only rattlesnake
seen on the whole trip.
Some particulars of the experience of these walkers may be
of interest to those contemplating a similar vacation tour. They
walked in all about 530 miles. They made no effort to
cover much distance in a day, except once towards the close
when they made thirty-four miles. They crossed the Blue
Ridge eleven times during their journey. They met with great
hospitality except when, in one instance, they asked for lodg-
ing after bedtime and were requested to try the next house.
Let us hope that the occupants had good reason for this excep-
tional treatment. Sometimes there was no charge for enter-
tainment. Once it was ten cents for supper, lodging, and
breakfast. Afore often it was twenty-five cents. The whole
trip cost about $75 each. They were never required to pay for
the use of guns or fishing tackle. The fishing luck was some-
times good and sometimes bad ; one of the party caught about
thirty small trout one day on the Grandfather reaches of the
Linville. Mr. Galloway, the guide of the Grandfather, who
lived on the dividing line between the Watauga and the Lin-
ville, instructed them in the art of twins: flies for trout ; thev
184 History of University of North Carolina.
did not fish for bass or other fish. One incident of their trip
is memorable. On the flanks of the Big Yellow they experi-
enced the hospitality of a couple who lived in a log cabin of
one room about twelve feet square. The children were ten in
number, some sleeping on trundle beds and some on the floor.
The four travelers spread themselves on the floor in front of
the fire, "And all lived happily together," as children's
stories go.
Our trampers returned rich in health and strength, with
pleasant memories to last a lifetime, and ready to begin with
stout hearts the business of life.
It was in this year that a short physical struggle took place
between two Professors, which created much amusement. The
poverty of the University was such that Chemistry and Physics
had been placed in charge of the same Professor. As this
did not have good results, the Professor of Pure Mathematics
was induced to add Physics to his charge. The two Pro-
fessors proceeded to divide the apparatus. All went on ami-
cably until they reached the air pump, which was mounted on
a temporary tripod for convenience of lecturing. A vigorous
dispute ensued over the possession of this article. Finally
temper was lost. Mathematics forcibly pushed Chemistry
against the wall, seized the bone of contention and darted for
the door. Recovering from his surprise Chemistry made a
lunge for the retreating air pump, caught the tripod and held
it triumphantly, while Mathematics carried to his lecture room
the spolia opima, the air pump.
Of course this little ebullition of temper, which was wit-
nessed by three students who chanced along, was seized on
by all the satirists and wits in the University. Next morning
at Prayers, on the wall behind the pulpit appeared two broad-
sides— two locomotives about to crash into one another. One
was colored red and the other gray. The engine drivers were
frantically objurgating one another and demanding in oppro-
brious terms the right of way. The other caricature showed
two game cocks, one red and the other gray, valiantly fighting
for the honors of the ring. Dr. Charles Phillips conducted
Dr. Phillips Made Professor Emeritus. 185
Prayers that morning and by promptly tearing down the of-
fending papers put a stop to the fun.
These were the best caricatures I have seen of University
happenings, said to have been the work of a very orderly and
successful student, Frank B. Dancy. It was nearly equalled
by a series of pictures on the belfry about 1852, done in black
on the white wall, pleasantly ridiculing the names and other
peculiarities of the old Faculty. President Swain, by promis-
ing the merchant who furnished the paint that he would not
prosecute the offender, ascertained that he was Frederick
Henry Cobb, of Alabama, a fine manly fellow and a fair stu-
dent, who had acquired skill in drawing and penmanship.
After the ill health of Dr. Charles Phillips prevented his
attention to the duties of his chair, which was evidenced by
the report of a committee of which Air. P. C. Cameron was
chairman, the Trustees liberally allowed the employment of a
mathematical substitute at $800 annually and Dr. Phillips to
receive the residue of the salary. Afterwards his physician.
Dr. Wm. P. Mallett, gave it as his opinion that his patient
should resign permanently his professorship in order to obtain
freedom from responsibility, and avoid the nervous wear and
tear consequent on holding an office the duties of which he
could not perform. This advice was taken and Dr. Phillips
ceased to be a working teacher of the institution he loved so
well. The Trustees voted him to be Professor Emeritus, a
position without pay and without work. The Executive Com-
mittee adopted unanimously resolutions of regret for the resig-
nation and its cause, and their sense of the great value he
had been to the University. He lived for ten years longer,
never recovering his health but keeping to the last his deep
interest in the affairs of the University and rejoicing in its
upward march. He said to me one day. "Kemp ! it is a sore
dispensation to me to witness the efforts made by you and
others to advance the University while I am chained by sick-
ness, so that I can not work for its advancement, but God's
will be done !" He made no complaint, but left his case in
the hands of his Maker.
186 History of University of Xorth Carolina.
Prof. Ralph H. Graves married Julia, third daughter of
Prof. John DeBerniere Hooper. When their eldest child was
born Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips published the following in a
local newspaper (The Ledger.) It shows a remarkable asso-
ciation of one family with the University.
A NEW PROFESSOR AT THE UXIVERSITY.l
He arrived Thursday morning. His ancestors to the fifth genera-
tion have heen officers in the University of North Carolina. His
father- is now a Professor. His paternal grandfather3 was a Pro-
fessor. His maternal grandfather^ is now a Professor. His mother's
maternal grandfather,-^ his own great-grandfather, was a Professor.
His father's maternal grandfather/5 his own great-grandfather, was
Steward. His maternal grandmother's paternal grandfather7 (by
marriage), was the first President of the University. He has been
represented in the Faculty by his father, his two grandfathers, two
great-grandfathers, and one great-great-grandfather. His great-
great-great-grandfather signed the Declaration of Independence in
1776, and his great-grandfather was present at the Centennial in
Philadelphia in 1876. At present he is in the department of Litera-
ture, his specialty being Elementary Sounds. Weight, ten pounds.
Explanation of the above:
i Ralph Henry Graves, Junior.
- Ralph H. Graves, his father.
s Ralph H. Graves, father of (-1).
* John DeBerniere Hooper, Professor of Greek and French.
5 Rev. Dr. Wm. Hooper, Professor of Ancient Languages.
6 John Taylor, the first Steward.
T Rev. Dr. Joseph Caldwell, who married the mother of Dr.
Wm. Hooper.
Normal School of 1879.
The Normal School of 1879 was opened June 17th and
closed Julv 24th. Some of the officers were the same. Presi-
dent Battle retained the general authority with the cooperation
of Superintendent Scarborough. Prof. John J. Ladd was
Superintendent and Lecturer on Methods, School Manage-
ment, etc. ; Alexander Mclver was Professor of Mathematics,
English Grammar, and Physiology ; Julius L. Tomlinson took
charge of English Grammar and Geography ; J. Allen Holt
was Professor of Drawing and Penmanship ; Dr. Wm. B.
Xormal School of 1879. 187
Phillips of Chemistry, M. C. S. Xoble of Latin and Algebra,
John E. Dugger of Reading and Phonetics, Wm. G. Gaither
of Grammar and Geography, Benjamin W. Hatcher of Arith-
metic and Reading, Wilbur F. Tillett of English Philology,
X. C. English of Grammar and Geography, Franklin S. Blair
of Arithmetic and Grammar, Wm. A. Bridges of Geography
and Reading, John W. Thaxton of Arithmetic and Grammar,
Miss Emily M. Coe of the Kindergarten System, Misses Mar-
shall, Lawrence, and Wilkinson of Calisthenics ; Messrs.
Eugene H. Wilson and Chas. L. Wilson of Vocal Music. Cap-
tain John E. Dugger was Secretary. Inspection of the fore-
going list will show that some of the pupils were employed to
drill the classes and thus were classed with the Faculty. The
Secretary in addition to his teaching and secretarial duties was
of inestimable value in cultivating harmonious relations be-
tween the students, thus making them feel at home.
Lectures and addresses were delivered by prominent men
and were of great value :
Prof. Jed Hotchkiss gave eight matchless lectures on Geography,
one on Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign, and one on Arithmetic.
Rev. A. W. Mangum, on "The Best Lights are Those that Shine
From Above," and one on Elocution.
Rev. N. B. Cobb, on "How Shall We Develop North Carolina?"
Hon. J. C. Scarborough, "Public School System of North Carolina."
Prof. J. H. Horner, "Language as the Instrument of Thought."
Prof. W. H. Pegram, "Nostrorum, 'Nostrarum, Nostro?-um."
Prof. W. C. Doub, "Some Essentials to Success in Elementary In-
struction."
Miss E. M. Coe, "The Teacher's Work; Its Rewards."
Dr. S. S. Satchwell, "School Hygiene."
Maj. Robert Bingham, "A Method of Teaching English Composi-
tion."
President K. P. Battle, address, "Education for Farmers," and four
lectures on Palestine and Jewish History.
Dr. F. W. Simonds, five lectures on Natural History.
Prof. Walter H. Page, "How Shall We Get to be a Reading People?"
Prof. J. A. Tomlinson, "California."
Dr. Thomas W. Harris, "The Vocal Organs."
Gen. Wm. R. Gox, "The Duty of Teachers to the State."
Rev. A. C. Dixon, "Mental Gunnery."
Capt. John E. Dugger, "Graded Schools."
i88 History of University of North Carolina.
Prof. W. G. Gaither, "Relations of Teachers to Church and State."
Prof. Allen Mclver, "Aims and Methods of Instruction."
Prof. A. P. Redd, "Poisons and Their Detection."
Prof. W. B. Phillips, "Water."
These addresses and lectures were generally at night and
were in addition to the regular instruction.
The whole number of pupils enrolled was 290. The average
daily attendance 207. There were fifty-four counties repre-
sented. There was much enthusiasm among teachers and
pupils. Miss Coe may be considered the introducer into North
Carolina of Kindergarten instruction. She was not only ex-
tremely skillful with her class of children but formed an ad-
vanced class of teachers and imparted the system to them. To
those of us who remembered how odious the monotony and
confinement of school were to us in our boyhood it was a
marvel to see children of all ages eager for Miss Coe's school
to begin and regretful of its ending.
The lectures of Professor Hotchkiss were novel and illum-
ining. His explanation of the causes of deserts, rainfalls, and
other phenomena were not only entertaining but of lasting
value. His lectures on Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign
gave a vivid idea of the wonderful strategy and tactics of that
great soldier. And so the learned instruction of Ladd, Mclver,
Tillett, Phillips. Holt, Noble, and the others have borne excel-
lent fruit in the schools in which their pupils were teachers.
A most valuable feature was the instruction and practice of
vocal music by the Messrs. Wilson. Thev had not time to
enter on the niceties and refinements of the art, but aimed suc-
cessfully to enable their pupils to introduce singing as a part
of school exercises.
A writer in the Raleigh Observer gives a truthful account
of the general worth of the Normal School. "The teachers
attend lectures and recitations all day, except at proper inter-
vals for meals, listen eagerly to two lectures at night, return
home to compare notes, indulge in criticisms, etc., and appear
next morning fresh and ready to undergo the same arduous
routine. Such indeed is the daily program of the Normalites.
Every one looks cheerful and happy. Dr. Mangum says it is a
Normal School of 1879. ^9
marked feature of the school that it obeys the Apostolic injunc-
tion to 'rejoice always.' Air. President is cheerful, the Pro-
fessors are all cheerful, the ladies are all cheerful, the gentle-
men are all cheerful, and the sun shines cheerfully upon them
all."
The exercises at the close were very interesting, and a short
description is given. They began with a chorus by the Music
Class, followed by a prayer by Rev. A. C. Dixon. Mr. Edwin
Anderson Alderman made an address on the subject
"Thoughts on our Professors." Mr. Henry Horace Williams
read an essay on "Select Teaching." The query was debated
by Cyril T. Wyche and Adolphus G. Faucette in the affirma-
tive and James P. McNeill and Benjamin F. McMillan in the
negative, "Ought the Ability to Read and Write be Estab-
lished as a Qualification of Voters?" Mr. Alexander L. Phil-
lips read an essay on the "Responsibility of Educated Men to
Society." Mr. Henry Elias Faison then delivered an oration
on "A Normal Department in connection with the University."
The speeches and essays were followed by music.
Governor Jarvis was unable to be present and Professor
Ladd formally closed the school, which he did in chaste lan-
guage. After him came a hymn and benediction. At night
there was a concert by members of the school admitted to be
notably harmonious and in excellent taste. The leaders were
Misses Faison and Clinton, Mrs. Tankersley and Miss Milli-
ken. There were solos by Miss Bessie Whitfield and Miss
Merry, which were received with enthusiasm.
The ladies of the school, through the Secretary, Captain
Dugger, caused to be read the following graceful resolutions
adopted by them.
"We, the ladies of the Normal School of North Carolina, desiring
to express our appreciation of the benefits accruing to us therefrom,
"Resolve, first. To the honorable body, the Legislature of North
Carolina, we tender our sincere thanks for giving us such an oppor-
tunity of elevating and improving our standard of scholarship.
"Second. To President Battle, and the professors and teachers of
the school generally, our grateful appreciation of a wisdom, kindness
and courtesy which 'like the sun has shone on all alike.'
190 History of University of North Carolina.
"Third. To the distinguished lecturers who have honored us since
the commencement of the school, our thanks are due for a feast of
reason rarely vouchsafed to us before.
"Fourth. To the citizens of Chapel Hill an acknowledgment of a
kindness which has made us feel that we were indeed at home.
"Finally, to the Giver of every good and perfect gift, the homage
of our praise and prayer that this school and every effort to promote
the good of our State, 'may be so ordered on the best and surest
foundations that peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion
and piety may be established among us for all generations.' "
The school was marked by polishing influences of calisthen-
ics, drawing, and music, by severe drilling in the usual
branches taught at schools, by the best experiences of disci-
pline and methods, by instruction in the elements of chemistry
and other sciences, in public speaking, in higher literary cul-
ture by Professor Tillett's lectures on Shakespeare, and in the
inestimable advantages of the association of old and young,
from different grades of society and far removed localities, all
intent on self-improvement in one of the most useful and im-
portant professions of life.
The proceedings of the school and abstracts of the lectures
and addresses were fully and lucidly reported by "R. P. P.",
known to be the initials of Rev. Dr. Robert Paine Pell, now the
able president of Converse College in South Carolina.
University Day of 1879.
University Day was celebrated in 1879 on October 13th, the
12th, the eighty-sixth anniversary of the foundation of the
University, falling on Sunday. President Battle gave another
chapter of the history of the University. He described the ex-
cellent men who assisted in the ceremony of laying the corner
stone, beginning with the illustrious Davie. He also commem-
orated the first President of the Board of Trustees, William
Lenoir, who was also the last survivor, dying fifty years after
his appointment, and expressed gratification that two of his
descendants, Louis Morehead Patterson and Thomas Ballard
Lenoir, were then among the students.
Short ex tempore addresses of a most interesting nature
were made by Rev. Joseph Blount Cheshire, afterwards bishop,
The Deems Fund. 191
one of whose ancestors was Lawrence Toole, who changed his
Christian name to Henry Irwin, in honor of the gallant officer
who was killed in the battle of Germantown; by Rev. James
Pleasant Mason, a Baptist minister ; Rev. Air. Heitman, the
Methodist minister at Chapel Hill, and by Professors Winston,
Simonds, and Redd. The University Glee Club of students,
assisted by ladies of the village, sang two odes composed for
the occasion by Mrs. Spencer, one of them being the University
Ode, given elsewhere, the first verse being,
Dear University,
Thy sons right loyally
Thy praises sing.
For thee, our Mother dear,
May every coming year
Fresh crowned with joy appear,
Fresh honors bring.
Deems Fund.
December 20, 1879, Rev. Dr. Charles F. Deems, former
Aujunct Professor of Rhetoric and Logic in this University,
and then Pastor of the Church of the Strangers in New York
City, sent to the Lniversity $300 as the beginning of a fund
to be lent to the students on good security with interest. He
wrote, "I wish the sons of the members of the North Carolina
Conference to be preferred. I was once a member of that
body and many of my most cherished friendships have been
with good men, some living, some dead, who were my co-
laborers therein. After this class, let the money be lent to
the sons of any ministers of the Gospel. If there be none of
them who desire it, let it be at the discretion of the President
of the University." He requested that Professor Mangum be
associated with the President as long as both are members of
the Faculty. The fund is a memorial to his first-born, Theo-
dore Disosway Deems, who was born in Chapel Hill and fell
at Gettysburg. Dr. Deems adds, "The Lord bless you and
the University." He closes his letter by a characteristic evi-
dence of feeling.
"With great respect, I am affectionately your old pre-
ceptor, Charles F. Deems.'*
V'
192 History of University of North Carolina.
President Battle wrote compositions and studied Horace
under Dr. Deems in 1848.
This gift is unique, in that it provides that the principal as
well as interest shall be loaned to students on their giving
security. A Trustee on hearing this said that they could get
money at home on giving security, but the result proves that
he was wrong. The Faculty decided that not exceeding $200
should be lent to any one during the year of his membership.
Subsequently Dr. Deems increased the loan fund by $400,
making his donation $700, and then Mr. William H. Vander-
bilt added $10,000 through him. He then made several
changes in the machinery of administration : First, putting
the loan into the hands of the Faculty ; second, allowing loans
to nonresident students ; third, removing preferences of sons
of ministers of the Gospel.
The fund has been of conspicuous benefit to indigent youths
and to the University. Very little has been lost. The worthy
find no difficulty in getting friends to become their sureties.
There is a constant stream of outflow to borrowers and of in-
flow of repayments. From $10,700 the fund has grown to^
nearly $30,000. The plan prescribed by the donor of lending
the principal, instead of the interest on an investment, secures
more firmly the perpetuation of the memorial intended by the
giver. Single investments are often lost by panics, misfortune
or fraud. The annihilation of the values of all the numerous
secured notes given by rising young men of all parts of the
country seems practically impossible.
The No-fence Law.
A great grievance not only to the University but to the vil-
lage was the running at large of cattle, including hogs and
goats. On the streets, often, daintily dressed ladies were forced
to the option of taking to the middle of the street in order to
avoid the ponderous beasts sprawling on the sidewalk or to
wait until by repeated urging they rose from their lair and
opened the way. About the University buildings there was a
constant noise, accompanied by a pungent odor, especially in
fruit and watermelon time. A favorite joke in ancient days
The Commencement of 1880. 193
was to throw a slip knot around a half-grown pig and draw
him up amid loud porcine lamentations to the third story.
Of course gates were erected to keep the Campus sacred
from intruders, but with so many careless young people pass-
ing and repassing the effort was practically fruitless. The an-
noyance continued, with an occasional worry of a bovine
pulled and pushed up three flights of stairs and fastened to the
bell rope. This would not have been thought of if the afore-
said bovines had not been running around the buildings and
disturbing the inmates with unacademic lowing.
Another evil of the cattle running at large was the practical
diminution of the Campus. The Trustees had passed a law
making that extend from the line of Dr. Battle's fence to that
of Prof. A. H. Patterson, late Professor Gore's, and of the
same extent north and south. As it was impracticable to close
the Raleigh Road, the stone wall was built west of this road,
cutting off temporarily from the Campus a very beautiful ter-
ritory.
The experiment was tried of having a small space of the
Campus enclosed and called a pound, in which the cattle tres-
passing on the Campus could be confined. This succeeded to<
a limited extent, but with the ill will of the owners. After
some years the General Assembly passed a law allowing a ma-
jority of the voters of Chapel Hill Township to decide by
ballot whether cattle should be kept confined. A majority was
against the proposal. Then a law was procured requiring the
County Commissioners, on the affirmative petition of one-third
of the landowners of the township to place it under what was
called the "No-fence Law." This method secured the con-
finement of cattle, and no complaint is ever heard of its opera-
tion.
Commencement of 1880.
On Tuesday of Commencement Week, at eleven o'clock,
was the address before the Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion by Rev. F. C. Woodward, of Elizabeth City. He showed
more than ordinary gifts of oratory and made very successful
this the first participation of the Association in the exercises
of Commencement.
13
194 History of University of North Carolina.
On Wednesday at eleven o'clock an address was made before
the two literary societies by Judge Augustus S. Merrimon.
His subject was "Some of the Duties of a Young Man to the
State." He spoke from a heart in sympathy with the rising
generation and from deepest love for his native State.
At four o'clock came the Baccalaureate sermon, which was
preached by Rev. Dr. H. H. Tucker, of Georgia, author of
works on religious liberty and other subjects. His sermon was
strong and peculiarly appropriate to young men.
On Wednesday night the representatives spoke. The
chronicler noted that "The sweet music served the double
purpose of welcome and of strengthening the nerve of the young
men, upon whom the success of the occasion depended." The
first speaker was Allen T. Davidson on "The Present Demand
for Political Culture." He showed a high appreciation of the
duties of a true statesman. Next came James D.. Murphy on
"Centralization, the General Tendency of the Age." In elo-
quent style he made plain how the ideals of the fathers of our
government have been thrown aside and a stronger govern-
ment substituted. "The Importance of a Congress of Na-
tions" was then discussed by Lycurgus E. Mauney. His argu-
ment for peace was so strong that a 'member of the Society of
Friends, who was in the audience, presented him with a Bible.
Then came William J. Adams on "The Present Duty of North
Carolina in Regard to Education." Education causes material
advancement and our State would be made richer and more
happy by fostering higher culture. He was succeeded by Don-
nell Gilliam on the "Progress of Society." Mr. Gilliam was
an accomplished orator. He gave the causes that have changed
the manners of a barbarous age into the refined society of the
present day. Robert B. Albertson spoke on "The Negro and
the South." As he was known to be a Republican his views
commanded all the more attention. He contended that the
South needed the Negro's labor, and harmony between the two
should be the rule.
The next day at ten o'clock, after a hymn and a prayer by
Rev. Dr. Joseph M. Atkinson, Senior speaking began. As
The Commencement of 1880. 195
usual at this time the number of speeches was not limited, as
the classes were small and it was desired to interest the parents
and friends of the speakers in their efforts.
Robert Ransom began with "Republicanism in France." He
spoke with force and developed his interesting subject well.
He was followed by Thomas C. Brooks on "Agriculture as a
Vocation." He pleaded for agricultural education and the
beautification of country homes and in general making life in
rural districts more agreeable. Then came Locke Craig on
"Catholicism in the United States." His subject was treated
in an exhaustive and tolerant style and the speaker showed the
traits of a true orator. Both he and the Faculty were censured
in a public print because he criticised the Roman Catholic
Church. The Faculty could not think that the speech could
injure this powerful organization and it was felt to be impor-
tant that the students should discuss subjects in which they
were interested.
He was followed by Thomas H. Battle in a strong and rather
pessimistic discussion of the question. "Y\ "ill Russia be Danger-
ous to Europe?" He predicted that it will be — has he
changed his opinion since the Japanese War? Alexander L.
Phillips came next, his subject being "Protection Necessitates
Protection." His arguments were cogent in proving that high
rates press heavily on other business. "The Late Commercial
Depression of the World" was discussed by Charles C. Cobb
in a thoughtful way. "Why have we no Southern Literature?"
was a question which Roderick B. John essayed to answer. He
showed an extensive knowledge of general literature as well as
that of our Southland. "The Irish Question" was the theme
of Ernest Haywood. He handled it with his usual thorough-
ness and with a sympathetic spirit. Xext came William B.
Slade on "Empire Against Republic." His address was worthy
of this great question. Then Charles B. Aycock delivered a
discourse on "The Philosophy of Xew England Morals." The
audience predicted for him the reputation as an orator which
he has since attained. Then came Albert L. Coble on the
great theme. "The Unification of Germany." Latimer C.
Yauofhan followed with a discussion of a profession which he
196 History of University of North Carolina.
embraced for several years in the distant State of Florida,
"Journalism in North Carolina." Henry E. Faison closed with
a thoughtful speech on "Science, the Benefactor of Mankind."
The judges thought that Ay cock was best, and the audience
generally concurred. He was awarded the Wiley P. Mangum
medal for oratory.
The diplomas were delivered to the graduates by Governor
Jarvis, who addressed to them very appropriate counsels as to
their duties in life.
There were Bachelors of Arts (A.B.), eleven; there were
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.), four; a total of fifteen.
The members of the class, as a rule, have been successful.
Battle is president of a bank and manager of a large cotton
mill ; Craig a State Senator and able lawyer ; Coble has been
a Judge ; Haywood a successful lawyer ; John a Presiding
Elder in the Methodist Church ; Phillips, a Presbyterian Doc-
tor of Divinity ; Slade, president of a bank ; Aycock, Governor
of North Carolina ; Betts, late president of Mansfield Female
College in Louisiana ; Cobb, a thriving lawyer in Texas.
The degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) was conferred on
Wm. N. H. Smith, Chief Justice of North Carolina, and on
David Schenck, Judge of the Superior Court and an author.
The degree of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) was conferred on
Rev. David McGilvary, missionary in Siam ; Rev. Thomas G.
Starr, of Richmond, Virginia ; Rev. Joseph M. Atkinson, of
Raleigh, and Rev. Edward Rondthaler, of Salem.
The Medals and Prizes were awarded as follows :
Greek Medal — Frederick Nash Skinner, Henry Horace
Williams.
Chemistry Medal. — John Morehead Avery.
Latin Medal. — Charles Watts Smedes.
German Prize. — Rohert Paine Pell.
McCaulay Prize. — Donnell Gilliam.
Bingham Entrance Prize. — Hugh Paris Markham.
Bingham English Medal. — Charles Brantley Aycock.
Mangum Medal. — Charles Brantley Aycock.
The Marshals of 1880 were Frank Battle Dancy, Chief;
Charles E. McLean, Edward E. Richardson, Thomas T. Cov-
The Commencement of 1880. 197
ington, Dialectics, and Frank H. Stedman, James P. Jovner,
and Noah J. Rouse, Philanthropies.
In i879-'8o there were no changes in the Faculty except that
Rev. Charles Phillips, D.D., LL.D., having resigned the Chair
of Mathematics, was made Professor Emeritus. His resigna-
tion was on account of ill health.
The Ball Managers were John M. Walker, Chief, and
Thomas D. Stokes, Frank G. Hines, L. B. Eaton, A. W.
McAlister, assistants. The reporter becomes enthusiastic :
"The decorations were exceedingly tasteful and beautiful.
Every part of the handsome hall seemed fairly ablaze with
light. The striking contrast between the sombre black of the
dress suits and the brilliant hues of the ladies' costumes
afforded exquisite grouping of colors, while the merry chatter
of the gay couples made a very contagion of merriment.
Every section of the State had sent forth its fairest to grace
the scene."
The reporter then gives the dresses of thirty-nine ladies and
states that the ball broke up at four-thirty o'clock "amid a per-
fect pandemonium of those peculiar unearthly yells in which
the college boy delights and excels."
Tree Planting, 1880.
In the spring of this year the Senior Class originated the
custom of planting a class tree. This and the Class Day exer- .
cises were held together and the affair was at first successful. A
large audience of students, Faculty, and villagers was gath-
ered in amphitheater shape in the open space in front of the
College well. The class then marched out from the front door
of the South Building, led by its President, Thomas H. Battle,
carrying the class tree, a fine sugar maple, on his shoulders.
After forming in line in front of the audience they sang their
class song, written for them by Mrs. C. P. Spencer. A class
history, a class prophecy, etc., were then delivered. Charles B.
Aycock, whose fame as an orator and great educational Gov-
ernor is now so well known, was one of the chief speakers.
Others were Robert Ransom, of Northampton County, Secre-
198 History of University of North Carolina.
tary of the Class and now a large planter; Alexander L. Phil-
lips, now in charge of the Sunday School work of the Presby-
terian Church in the South ; William B. Slade, now a banker
of Columbus, Georgia, and Locke Craig, now a well known
lawyer of Asheville. The tree was then planted on the edge
of the "Forbidden Ground," where it now remains — a harbin-
ger of the ever increasing value of the good Class of 1850 to
its Alma Mater.
By the way, this "Forbidden Ground" was a curious relic of
North Carolina conservatism and respect for ante-bellum tra-
ditions. It was originally planned to preserve the great quad-
rangle between the East and West Buildings and Main Street
as a section for foliage, etc. The two societies were enlisted
in the attempt to make the students "keep off the grass," and
imposed a fine of fifty cents for each transgression. Offenders
were reported by the society monitors and fined without
mercy. This was carried on effectively for several years.
During the spring in question, 1880, a rabbit was once started
up and pursued by a crowd of students across the "Forbidden
Ground" and every soul that a monitor could locate was fined
fifty cents. The restraint that the societies then exercised in
this and other matters was really unique. At times it almost
amounted to Blue Law persecution. For instance, a prominent
member of the Class of '80 was actually fined two dollars for
"reading matter in a church not connected with the service,"
the matter being a note just received from his best girl. This
member is now a well known clergyman.
Normal School of 1880.
The Summer Normal School of 1880 extended from June
24th to July 29th, President Battle having general charge.
Major Jed Hotchkiss, of Staunton, Virginia, was Superintend-
ent until Jul}- 6th, when he had engagements elsewhere. He
was likewise Lecturer in Geography. He was succeeded in
the office of Superintendent by Prof. Henry E. Shepherd.
LL.D., of Baltimore, Maryland, Superintendent of the City
Normal School of 1880. 199
Schools, who was also Lecturer on the English Language.
The other members of the Faculty were as follows :
Alexander Mclver, once Professor of Mathematics in Davidson
College, afterwards Superintendent of Public Instruction: Teacher
of Mathematics, English Grammar, and History.
Prof. J. L. Tomlinson, of Baltimore, Md., late Teacher in Graded
Schools of California: Teacher of English Grammar and Geography.
Dr. Richard H. Lewis, of Kinston, once Doctor of Medicine, late
Principal of Kinston College: Physiology and Hygiene.
Prof. Robert O. Holt, Oak Ridge, N. C, Teacher in Academy of
Oak Ridge: Teacher of Drawing and Penmanship.
Prof. Win. B. Phillips, Chapel Hill, N. C: Teacher of Chemistry
and Natural Philosophy.
Albert L. Coble, Graham, N. C, since Judge of the Superior Court:
Teacher of Algebra.
Alexander W. McAlister, Asheboro, N. C: Teacher of Latin.
Prof. Robert T. Bryan, now President of Baptist University at
Shanghai, China: Teacher of Latin.
N. C. English, Superintendent of the Graded Schools of Greens-
boro: Teacher of Grammar and Geography.
Capt. John E. Dugger, Superintendent of Graded Schools of Ral-
eigh: Reading and Phonics.
Prof. Benjamin W. Hatcher, Principal of High School of Selma:
Arithmetic and Analytical Geometry.
Prof. Robert P. Pell, Instructor in English, University of North
Carolina: English Philology and Shakespeare.
J. M. Weatherly, Principal of High School: Teacher of Reading
and Mental Arithmetic.
Mrs. Louise Pollock, head of a Kindergarten School, Washington,
D. C.: Teacher of the Kindergarten system.
Miss Susie Pollock, Washington, D. C: Teacher of Kindergarten
system.
Miss Jane F. Long, a teacher of the Public Schools of New York:
Teacher of the Model Class.
These teachers were as a rule at the head of their profession
and indoctrinated their pupils with the latest and best modes
of instruction and of the conduct of schools. Prominent men
delivered lectures and addresses before the whole school in
Gerrard Hall :
Prof. Jed Hotchkiss, thirteen lectures, including two on Palestine
and one on Africa.
Prof. W. C. Kerr, six lectures on North Carolina.
200 History of University of North Carolina.
Prof. Sylvester Hassell, one on Astronomy.
Major Robert Bingham, "The English Speaking People."
Prof. F. W. Simonds, two on Zoology and one on Curious Flowers.
Bishop Theodore B. Lyman, "Egypt and the Nile."
Rev. Dr. Edward Rondthaler, "German Schools."
Rev. Dr. T. H. Pritchard, "Education in North Carolina."
Supt. J. C. Scarborough, "School System in North Carolina."
Rev. Win. B. Royall, D.D., "The Happy Teacher."
President Battle, "The History of the University"; also a lecture
on Sacred History.
Robert T. Gray, Esq., "Progressive Education."
Eugene Grissom, M.D., L.L.D., "Evolution and Science."
Prof. W. B. Phillips, nine lectures on Natural Philosophy, with
experiments.
The whole number of pupils enrolled was 241, representing
fifty-five counties. The average daily attendance was 167.
President Battle in the course of one of his lectures made
some interesting statements showing lineal descent of friend-
ship for the University. One of the Committeemen, who re-
ported the first scheme of instruction in the University, was
Samuel Ashe, one of the three first Judges of the Supreme
Court under the Constitution of 1776, afterwards Governor.
One of his grandsons, Thomas Samuel Ashe, a high honor
graduate and a Trustee, was one of the first three Judges of
the Supreme Court under the Constitution of 1876.
Two great-grandsons of David Stone, afterwards Governor,
another Committeeman, were lately students in the University,
David Stone Cowan and John L. Phillips (now, 1912, a Sur-
geon in the United States Army, with the rank of Major).
The first President of the Board of Trustees, Charles John-
son being only chairman of a called meeting, was William Le-
noir, a hero of Kings Mountain. One of his descendants was
Rufus Lenoir Patterson, Chief Marshal of 1850, and a leading
spirit in the revival of the Lmiversity in 1875, and a son of his,
Lenoir Morehead Patterson, and his cousin, Thomas Ballard
Lenoir, were descendants of the noble man who called the Trus-
tees to order on the morning of November 15, 1790.
Again, the county of Mecklenburg, indignant because those
of the Presbyterian faith were excluded from teaching in
Pupils' Recitation Standing. 201
Queen's College, demanded a public institution bound by no
such trammels. Waightstill Avery, one. of the delegates, was
on the committee which reported the Constitution. He was
author of the clause commanding the establishment of the Uni-
versity. The line of Averys was represented by John More-
head Avery, a first honor man, son of the lamented Colonel
William Waightstill Avery, who lost his life in the Civil War.
Another coincidence was noted. The delegates from Edge-
combe to the Constitutional Convention of 1776 were William
Haywood, Elisha Battle, Jonas Johnston, Isaac Sessoms, and
William Horn. Each of them had lineal descendants in college
at that time. From Col. William Haywood came Ernest Hay-
wood ; Frank G. Hines represented Col. Jonas Johnston ; Frank
Battle Dancy represented Isaac Sessoms and Elisha Battle ;
Alexander L. Phillips and Kemp P., Junior, Thomas H., Her-
bert B., and Henry L. Battle were descendants of Elisha Battle
and William Horn. This old patriot, Elisha Battle, State Sena-
tor throughout the Revolutionary War, in addition to being the
ancestor of the six students named, and of President Battle and
of two Trustees, had also the good fortune of being the pro-
genitor of five generations, students of the University he indi-
rectly aided in founding.
Marking and Curriculum.
In 1880 the Executive Committee was unexpectedly aroused
to interference in a matter generally thought to be peculiarly
within the province of the Faculty. It was enacted that Pro-
fessors should mark each recitation and make a weekly report.
In the final marking of the pupil these recitation marks must
have a controlling weight. The Faculty afterwards decided
that they should have a two-thirds weight. It is obvious that
this might be practicable in Mathematics but in History and
other like subjects, this close attention to recitation is incom-
patible with arousing enthusiasm by the Professor. It seems
that final examinations create and test a broad acquaintance
with the subject taught during the session and should be the
controlling: influence.
202 History of University of North Carolina.
The Scientific Course was revised and printed in the cata-
logue. The studies relating especially to the practical pursuits
of life, e. g.j the "branches relating to Agriculture and the Me-
chanic Arts," being emphasized. An inspection of this course
will show that there was an honest attempt to earn the $7,500
a year granted on account of the Act of Congress of 1862,
often called by the name of its author, the Morrill Act. As it
is very desirable to show the good faith of the University in
this regard I give a list of studies of the Scientific Course in
iS8i-'82.
First Year. — Algebra and Geometry, English, Natural History
Laboratory, Bookkeeping, and any one of the following: Latin,
Greek, French, German.
Second Year/ — Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry, Chemistry,
French or German, Rhetoric, History, Physiology, Zoology, and
Botany.
Third Yeajr. — Physics, Industrial and Agricultural Chemistry,
Qualitative Analysis, Agricultural Botany, Business Law, Logic and
Rhetoric, Surveying and Engineering, or Calculus.
Fourth Year. — Mechanics and Astronomy, Geology and Mineralogy,
Political Economy, Constitutional Law, International Law, English
Literature, and two electives, one out of each of the following
groups: (a) Calculus or Surveying and Engineering or Quantita-
tive Analysis; (b) English Literature, or Psychology, Moral Phi-
losophy, Essays and Orations.
The Teachers' Course was :
First Year. — English, Reading and Elocution, Arithmetic, Algebra,
Geography (Physical and Descriptive), Physiology and School Hy-
giene, Drawing and Writing, Latin or Greek, Theory of Teaching.
Second Year. — Rhetoric, History, Reading and Elocution, Book-
keeping, Surveying, Algebra, Geometry, Natural Philosophy, Busi-
ness Law, Composition, Theory of Teaching.
This Teacher's Course was for those preparing to be teach-
ers, either in public or private schools. It embraced the studies
required by law and some others indispensable to excellence.
Students in this course could take free of charge studies em-
braced in the other courses.
With the consent of the Facultv in each case students might
pursue any studies they pleased, provided they had fifteen
College of Pharmacy Established. 203
hours of class exercise a week. By this means a purely agri-
cultural education was possible.
A beginning" was made in the collection of best models of
plows and other agricultural implements. Handsome dona-
tions were made by E. H. Plummer, Belcher & Taylor, B. F.
Avery & Sons, South Bend Iron Works, A. B. Farquhar.
Pharmacy.
On the 23d of September, 1880, the College of Pharmacy
was added to the University, with the following professors:
Kemp P. Battle, LL.D., President.
Thomas W. Harris, A.M., M.D., Professor of Materia Medica
and Pharmacy.
Frederick W. Simonds, M.S., Professor of Botany.
Francis P. Venable, Professor of General, Analytical and
Applied Chemistry.
During the spring term three lectures a week were given
on Structural and Physiological Botany. Special attention was
required for analysis of plants and the making of herbaria. In
Chemistry there were three lectures per week for nine months,
written examinations in December and May, oral quizzes often,
and six hours required in the laboratory each week. The well
appointed laboratories of the University gave every facility for
work, which included the reactions of drugs, tests for their im-
purities and the detection of poison.
Dr. Harris in Materia Medica and Pharmacy gave instruc-
tion in the description of the articles of Materia Medica, their
physical properties, their impurities and tests for the same, the
action of poisons and their antidotes.
The pharmacy and medical students had free access to libra-
ries and museums, including cabinets of minerals, plants, and
medicines.
Honor System.
From the beginning in 1875 the honor system in examina-
tions was adopted. Each student signed a pledge that he
neither gave nor received aid during the examination. Short
absences from the classroom, not over a quarter of an hour.
204 History of University of North Carolina.
were allowed, the examination paper not to be removed. At
one time the Faculty proposed that there should be no retiring,
but finding that there was a general objection to this, it was
dropped. On the whole the honor plan has worked wonder-
fully well. For some time accusations of cheating, which
have been very rare, were tried before the members of the
class as judges, but of late years before the Student's Council.
Before 1868 cheating on examinations was not frowned upon
by the student body; indeed, unless the perpetrator was "run-
ning for an honor," was pleasantly condoned. The reason for
this was explained in Volume I of the History, briefly that
there was a well founded belief that President Swain desired
a large graduating class and that the diploma was no evidence
of scholarship. There was no punishment for cheating, but
now, on conviction, the offender must leave the University.
The very few trials have been conducted fairly and wisely.
According to the agreement of the students in mass meetings,
any student detecting the offender is in honor bound to report
him to the Student Council. The jurisdiction of the Council
has been extended and now (1912) includes all accusations of
serious breaches of discipline. Recently eight students have
been reported to the Prsident as worthy of dismissal for hazing
and they were dismissed accordingly.
Athletics.
The games of this period consisted of baseball and football.
The first was much like the present but not altogether. Pitch-
ing by the pitcher was abandoned and throwing substituted.
No gloves were worn and the hands of the first baseman were
generally blue in spots from bruises. The ball was usually
taken on a bound far behind the batter. There were no
catcher's masks nor mitts ; "taking them off the bat" by the
catcher was resorted to only seldom, for example, when there
was a man on base.
Football was played pretty much as is described in "Tom
Brown at Rugby," i. e., by as many as were willing to engage
in it, the players being chosen by captains on both sides. The
eleven on a side came afterwards. As played at this time the
Agricultural Experiment Station. 205
game was very animated, and gave exercise to a much larger
number than at present. The "rooters" instead of sitting on
benches and occasionally giving their college yells were active
participants in the running, dodging, and kicking.
In 1880 the Agricultural Experiment Station was very active
and did good work. Among the employees was a skilled
analyst from Prussia. After doing efficient service for some
months his work became irregular and his actions abnormal.
He devoted himself to a Fayetteville lady at the Normal
School, followed her home and manifested his love by extrava-
gant attentions. Then we heard of his resignation, probably
at the request of his chief, Dr. Ledoux. He transmitted a few
dollars to the doctor, saying it was to pay for alcohol which
he had used as an intoxicant out of the Department stores.
He then determined to return to the old country to visit his
father. While in mid-Atlantic on his return trip, he suddenly
leaped overboard and was swallowed up in the mighty ocean —
a victim to the drug which poisons mind and body. He was
a man of uncommon force, had the thorough training of a
German University, bore on his face the scar of a student's
sword duel. In manner he was courteous and agreeable. It
is unnecessary to give his name.
Alumni Association in 1881.
A meeting of the Alumni Association was held in the even-
ing of January 26, 1881, in Raleigh, in pursuance of a resolu-
tion of the Association in June preceding, at the instance of
President Battle. A number of alumni paid the annual fee
of one dollar and became members. Mr. Paul C. Cameron
was elected President, W. L. Saunders Secretary, E. B. Engel-
hard Assistant Secretary, F. J. Busbee, J. S. Carr, and J. R.
Hutchins Executive Committee. The Association assembled
in the Hall of the House of Representatives. A very large
and intelligent audience showed by earnest attention their ap-
preciation of the proceedings. President Cameron delivered
a most interesting address. He began by praising the ladies
2o6 History of University of North Carolina.
for the value of their presence to the University exercises. It
had been an inspiring sight to see such men as Wm. H. Battle,
Wm. A. Graham, B. F. Moore, and David M. Carter engaged
in resuscitating the institution. He called over some of the
older surviving alumni: Mark Alexander, of 1808; Matthew
R. Moore, of Alabama, 1815 ; Rev. Dr. Robert Hall Morrison,
Bishop W. M. Green, General Edward J. Mallett, of New
York, of the Class of 1818, and Wm. H. Hardin, of 1819. We
should keep in mind James K. Polk, 181 5, Willie P. Mangum,
1815, Wm. A. Graham, 1824, and John Y. Mason, 1816, as hav-
ing a national reputation.
Mr. Cameron then paid a glowing tribute to Governor John
M. Morehead, 18 17. Commencing life as a Tutor in the Uni-
versity, he ended it with the highest honors of the State and the
richest rewards of a practical utilitarian and man of all work.
Then there was Judge Archibald Murphey, 1799, who went
into life from a Professor's chair, able lawyer and master of
English, very kind to young men. He wrote once to the
speaker a letter giving fatherly advice and closing with an en-
treaty never to wear a ring, walk with a gold headed cane, or
ride a pony. Then we should remember R. M. Pearson, 1823,
Thomas C. Manning, 1843, and Walker Anderson, 1819, Chief
Justices of North Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida respectively.
There were mentioned the astute lawyer, B. F. Moore, 1820,
and the orators W. P. Mangum and Zebulon B. Vance, 1852.
And there were the great pulpit orators, Francis L. Hawks,
1815, and William Hooper, 1809. Two of the most prominent
graduates, J. J. Pettigrew and M. W. Ransom, were competi-
tors for honors in the same class, 1847, while Wm. R. Holt,
181 7, was a pioneer in improved agriculture and cattle breed-
ing.
For nearly seventy years the fortunes of the University
were in the hands of President Caldwell and David L. Swain,
1822, who managed its affairs with good judgment and success.
On the reorganization in 1875 ex-Governor Graham was urged
to become the chief officer of the University, but he shook his
head and said "it can not be." He was in the grasp of a fatal
Alumni Association in 1881. 207
malady. He gave his earnest sanction to the election of Mr.
Battle a year afterwards.
Mr. Cameron gave his endorsement to the Summer Xormal
School "the wisest provision, the best blow struck in Xorth
Carolina for general education — to teach the teachers how to
teach." Lastly he praised the establishment at the University
of the Agricultural Experiment Station as full of untold bless-
ings to the farmer. He then introduced to the audience Presi-
dent Battle, who delivered the annual address as the substitute
of Rev. Dr. Thos. E. Skinner, who had been chosen but was
called off to the bedside of a sick son. As President Battle's
address was on the early history of the University, and as that
is given in detail in the first volume of his History, it will not
be repeated now. After mentioning the benefactors of the
University in the past he closed, "Every one of these good men
and women of the old time have gone to their silent homes,
their bodies resting in the bosom of the green earth, not one of
all that noble band looking forth with benignant eyes on their
beloved North Carolina and the many changes flashing over
its surface. But not dead. They live in their worthy descend-
ants, whose character they aided by transmitted influence to
mould, the true transmigration of souls, in the beneficent in-
stitutions which they inaugurated, in the capacious structures.
whose corner stones thev laid, in the children of the land they
assisted to educate. The University buildings and noble
grounds, its libraries and apparatus for instruction, long lines
of useful and honorable citizens in all the walks of life, in all
the States from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, their mental
panoply supplied from her armory, these are alike their work
and ever enduring monument."
"The thanks of the Association were tendered to Messrs.
Cameron and Battle for their very able, instructive and inter-
esting addresses."
Adjournment was then had subject to the call of the Presi-
dent or Executive Committee. Messrs. Paul B. Means. F.
H. Busbee, and J. S. Carr were appointed a committee to pre-
pare an address to the alumni. It does not appear that the
committee ever reported.
208 History of University of North Carolina.
After the conclusion of the meeting in the Hall of the House
of Representatives the Association and its guests partook of
an elegant banquet at the Yarborough House, care being
taken to have no wine nor strong drink. Rev. Dr. Neill
McKay asked the Divine blessing. Mr. Cameron was presi-
dent of the feast. There were sundry toasts called and re-
sponses made, short abstracts of which are given.
I. North Carolina and the Federal Union. Governor
Thomas J. Jarvis said, "Great as North Carolina is, dear to
our hearts as she is, dear to us as the blood which so many of
us have shed, and which so many more are willing to shed in
her defense, she is but an integral part of this mighty Union,
with which heaven and our forefathers have blessed us. North
Carolina and the Federal Union : Long may they go on pros-
pering and to prosper, one and inseparable, now and forever."
The second toast was The General Assembly of North Caro-
lina. Responded to by the President of the Senate, Lieuten-
ant-Governor Robinson, and the Speaker of the House, Charles
M. Cooke. We have only the speech of Mr. Cooke. "The
groundwork of every system of government is the voice of
the legislative power as expressed in its laws. The idea of
this age in our State is in higher mental and moral culture.
In this General Assembly are found representatives of that
idea. To the members of the Alumni Association I would say
in behalf of the General Assembly, we have the kindest feel-
ings for your Alma Mater. We appreciate her for what she
has done. We value her for what she is still to do, and we
shall help her to extend her usefulness."
To the third toast. The Judiciary of North Carolina and the
Bar, Col. John N. Staples, Senator from Guilford County,
responded: "Who of us, the most humble of the legal pro-
fession, that is not stirred to the very depths when we read
of those great judges and eminent advocates, whose fame and
glory fill the earth, and whose names like great stars in the
world's firmament, shine through the gloom of centuries with
a brilliancy and a splendor which time can not efface nor the
ages obscure. * * * The pages of history do not disclose
the time when the lawyers and the judges, as a class, were not
Alumni Association in 1881. 209
the truest friends of good government, wholesome laws and
popular rights." Colonel Staples continued for some minutes
in eloquent style and closed as follows :
"'The skies are painted with unnumbered sparks;
They all are fire and every one doth shine,
But there's but one in all doth hold his place,
Unchanged of motion, immovable.'
"So let it be with the State. Let the hills and the valleys and
eastern plains be studded with colleges and schools and semi-
naries of learning, and let each send forth a bright and beauti-
ful light, but among them all let there be but one unchangeable
and immovable, always resplendent with a never failing bright-
ness, and let that one be our State University."
The next toast was The University and the Board of Trus-
tees. Responded to by Hon. John Manning, Representative
from Chatham, and Dr. Eugene Grissom, Superintendent of
the Central Asylum for the Insane.
Mr. Manning said, "From the walls of the University has
issued annually for more than three-quarters of a century a
steady stream of generous, intelligent, well bred gentlemen,
who have done much to formulate a healthy public opinion,
and to elevate the standard of morals and politics. In 1875
the College curriculum was expanded and now the University
stands abreast with the modern coMeges or universities." The
speaker gave details of the work of the University, awarding
especial commendation to the Summer Normal School. He
stated that the friends of the University have always been
champions of the public schools. The Trustees have endeav-
ored to carry out in good faith the provisions of the Land
Grant Act. If anyone thinks otherwise they will be grateful
for friendly criticism.
Dr. Grissom said, "The influence of this institution of learn-
ing has extended throughout every portion of our Common-
wealth, and its usefulness has pervaded every interest of our
people. Its mission has not been hemmed in by State lines nor
its blessings 'circumscribed within the same narrow limits.'
Let it grow and flourish and bear fruit to feed the hungry
14
210 History of University of North Carolina.
thoughts of the rising generation, soon to fill our ranks. Its
past history is secure, its career has been covered with re-
nown, its present and future is as bright and full of praise.
The Athenian pointed to the splendid Acropolis with exulting
pride, because he believed that there in the matchless Par-
thenon was enshrined the palladium of his country — the sym-
bol of heavenly knowledge. But were I asked to declare the
preserving charm of our beloved country and its glorious lib-
erties, I would direct the inquirer, * * * to our public
schools, academies, colleges and universities. Here the minds
that rule our land are fashioned. Here, under God, the des-
tinies of the nation are determined."
The next toast was The Clergy, responded to by Rev. Thos.
E. Skinner, D.D. "True education is under the guidance and
control of the Great Teacher sent from God. Its two great
factors are Nature and Christ, and the design of both schools
is the training, growth and salvation of the human family.
In all the colleges of the State let a friendly emulation stimu-
late to the highest success. Let not the University underrate
the denominational colleges as sectarian nor should the latter
antagonize the University, the mother of high education in
North Carolina."
The sixth toast was Our. Sister Institutions — Davidson,
Wake Forest, and Trinity. Major J. G. Morrison, Repre-
sentative from Lincoln, spoke for Davidson. He said that his
father, Rev. Dr. Robert Hall Morrison, eighty-two years old,
is one of the three oldest living graduates of the University.
"No one will cherish more esteem, or who will be more ready
to extend to it a helping hand than myself."
Senator H. R. Scott, of Rockingham, for Wake Forest, said,
"There is really no conflict of interests between the University
and the colleges of the State. The liberal patronage extended
to the University, and the increased matriculation of the col-
leges since its revival confirm this belief. Alike the advocates
and inculcators of the great principles of moral and intellectual
development, the colleges, with the University at their head,
should march shoulder to shoulder against the twin gorgons,
illiteracv and vice."
Alumni Association in 1881. 211
Representative D. B. Nicholson, of Duplin, for Trinity Col-
lege, said, "Our University and her 'Sister Colleges' are the
fountains from which flow, and from which must continue to
flow, the crystal streams of knowledge and culture from which
the manhood of our grand old Commonwealth may quaff the
waters of refinement, of honor and distinction. Long live and
flourish our grand old University ! Long live and flourish her
'Sister Colleges.' "
The seventh toast was The Common Schools of North Caro-
lina. Senator A. Haywood Merritt, of Chatham, responded.
"We are bound to extend a support to the University and the
Common Schools, not only by the Constitution, but by the
stronger ties of patriotic affection. The Common Schools and
the University, two but inseparable, the handmaids of virtue
and intelligence, which bear their welcome blessings alike to the
cottage and the palace, and bring up the poor to the level of the
peer. Alay they live forever !"
Representative J. R. Webster, of Rockingham, responded to
the same toast, "There is nothing I so much desire as the pros-
perity and happiness of the whole people of the State. The
education of the masses is the only enduring basis upon which
permanent prosperity and happiness can rest. The Univer-
sity's history constitutes the most brilliant and useful chapter in
the splendid history of our grand old Commonwealth. I
assuredly wish the University long life and abundant pros-
perity."
Representative J. S. Bradshaw, of Randolph, responded to
The Press, "Of all oppressed, depressed, and hard pressed,
overworked, overtaxed, and unappreciated mortals between
heaven and the new county of Durham, the Press stands fore-
most. I am not too envious not to exult with you over the
resuscitation of your Alma Mater, nor can I be too selfish or
too narrow souled not to rejoice with you over the greater and
more glorious future that yet awaits her. The Press claims a
share in her redemption and the honor of her success. While
the Press has built up the University I could point you to other
monuments on every hand that will perpetuate its honor and
tell its power in the years to come. In the Press you will have
212 History of University of North Carolina.
always the strongest ally, the warmest advocate and the truest
friend of your own beloved Alma Mater, the gem and the
pride of North Carolina."
The ninth toast was The Agricultural, Commercial, Manu-
facturing and Mining Interests of the State. Responded to by
Hon. Montford McGehee, 1841, Commissioner of Agriculture,
Major Rufus S. Tucker, Gen. Julian S. Carr, and Prof. W.
C. Kerr. Mr. McGehee said, "The medical and law brethren,
who have preceded me, seem to claim that the supreme good
of society is dependent on the proper exercise of their pro-
fessional functions. But let us not forget that the leaders of
these professions have often in one generation reversed the
opinions and practices of their predecessors. But if deprived
of their breakfasts and other meals furnished by agriculture,
what would become of the learning of our Executives, Legis-
lators, and Judiciary ? Our dear mother, ever fair and ever
young, looks from her far famed hill with as much complacency
upon those of her children who excel in agricultural as upon
those who excel in professional pursuits. We hold in peculiar
honor the men who established our University and those who
maintained and supported her. Agriculture is reverenced as
the calling of the good and wise of every age. It is revered
as the true theater of peace, virtue, and independence."
The speaker regretted the absence of the other sex "who,
in the language of the great Cicero, 'Delectant domi, non im-
pediunt foris, peregrinautur, rusticautur, pernoctant nobiscum.'
Does the field of literature furnish a finer climax than that
embraced in the above passage ?"
Major Tucker, taking Commerce as his subject, gave a rapid
history of trade from the Jews, Phoenicians, Carthaginians,
Romans: "In our day the volume of exchanges has enor-
mously increased, aided by ocean steamers, railroads, the tele-
graph." The dates of the charters of the various railroads in
North Carolina were given. He then adverted to the delight-
ful days spent at Chapel Hill in the old days. He paid a warm
tribute to the ladies of Chapel Hill. He then gave a glowing
description of the mineral and other resources of the State
Alumni Association in 1881. 213
and exhorted the young men to prepare to develop them. He
then reversed the advice of Greeley and urged them to "stay
at home, young men."
General Carr spoke on Manufactures. He urged the Gen-
eral Assembly to encourage manufacturing in every way pos-
sible. He asked pardon for stating that the mills, with which
he was connected, since the first of January of the present
year (1881), made sales to or had bona fide inquiries from,
every State and Territory, perhaps, in the Union and besides
from South America, West Indies, England, Germany, Nor-
way, Australia, Japan, and China, and the "far-off isles of the
sea." Though
"The heathen in his blindness
Bows down to wood and stone,"
in their lucid moments they cry, "Give us Blackwell's Durham
tobacco and cigarettes, none genuine unless they have the
trademark of the Durham Bull stamped on each package."
Professor Kerr then responded, his subject being Geology.
"The University has included in the scope of her plans and
work, with a true University spirit, the whole circle of scien-
tific culture and development. She built the first astronomical
observatory on the continent, and not only recommended the
establishment of, but actually conducted through a series of
years, the first State Geological Survey in America. And the
President of the University, Caldwell, sketched out a ground
plan of internal improvements which the present generation
is just beginning to comprehend and soon to realize."
Col. Duncan K. MacRae coming in was called on and re-
sponded in a very witty and sensible speech, which was not
reported.
The last speech was not made until after midnight. The
alumni and their invited guests went to rest, the former more
enthusiastic than ever over their intellectual mother and the
latter with more friendly feelings towards the institution which
had become better known to them.
214 History of University of North Carolina.
Movement for First Annual Appropriation.
In January, 1879, the Treasurer reported that the collec-
tions from contributions were exhausted and that the receipts
from tuition were insufficient to pay expenses. The numbers
had increased to an extent greater than the most sanguine had
anticipated. During the session 1 877^78 there were one hun-
dred and ninety-eight in attendance. It had been the calcu-
lation, as has been stated, that the tuition receipts and contribu-
tions not needed for repairs, with the $7,500 by the State, would
suffice to pay all bills until the tuition receipts should increase
to the needed amount. Unfortunately this was not the case.
If all the 198 students had paid their $60 tuition and $10 room
rent the receipts would have been $13,180. The actual receipts
were $6,987, very little over one-half. The prediction as to
the increase of numbers was correct ; the prediction as to the
tuition receipts was incorrect.
What was the cause of the increase of nonpaying students?
Mainly the county student feature. By some it was consid-
ered a mark of distinction to be chosen by the Commissioners
to represent their county. A few received the county appoint-
ment who were not strictly entitled to it.
The evil to the University treasury did not stop here. Other
youths, their parents naturally assenting, compared themselves
to the county students and thought that they were entitled
to the same privileges, claiming that financially they were in
no better condition. Also the sons of clergymen -were entitled
to free tuition and those intending to become clergymen. And
all who were indigent were allowed to give their notes for
their University dues. These considerations diminished
largely the number of paying students. And probably Trus-
tees and Faculty, partly from pure charity and partly to in-
crease the prestige of the institution, naturally leaned to lib-
erality in granting free admission.
The University, while willing to aid the bona fide indigent
in all cases, would have been glad to abandon the county stu-
dent feature, but was unable to do so, because the obligation
had been imposed by the General Assembly as one of the con-
Movement for First Annual Appropriation. 215
ditions on which the grant of the land scrip had been made
in 1867. It added very few students. Most of those who
availed themselves of it would have entered the University
without it.
It may be asked why the Faculty did not refuse those county
students whom they considered able to pay. Simply because
the law gave the decision of the question to the County Com-
missioners, who were supposed to know the pecuniary condi-
tion of their people. The applicant was a resident of their
county, the Faculty could know nothing about him except
from hearsay and hearsay was often wrong or only half right.
For instance, there was a county student whose father owned
four hundred acres of good land, but the land was under a
heavy mortgage. This, of course, the Commissioners knew,
but the Faculty had no means of knowing. They had no au-
thority to overrule the Commissioners. If they had done so
bitter enmities would have resulted.
The charge that rich boys were appointed county students,
true or untrue, aroused sharp hostility in certain quarters. It
was charged that this free tuition was intentionally used to
gain students designing to go to other colleges. Rev. Colum-
bus Durham insisted on getting and publishing copies of the
University accounts and sharply criticised President Battle for
the large amount of free tuition. His attack had little weight
as the sympathies of the people were with indigent young
men struggling for a higher life.
At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees the situ-
ation was Carefully discussed. Rev. D. A. Long moved ,that
all salaries should be reduced twenty per cent, and tuition fees
increased by ten dollars. This was voted down and the Trus-
tees settled upon ten per cent decrease of salaries as long as
it should be necessary. It is to the credit of the members of
the Faculty that they accepted this unpalatable action without
a protest or a murmur. They did not even ask that scrip
should be given for the amount so cut off, to be paid when
more prosperous times should arrive.
President Battle then proposed that he should appeal to the
alumni and other friends of higher education for aid, and, if
216 History of University of North Carolina.
this sliouM not meet with success, application should be made
to the General Assembly for an annual appropriation. The
whole matter devolved on him. Fortified by a strong let-
ter from Governor Jarvis he accordingly proceeded to seek
interviews with leading alumni in the chief cities and towns
of the State and asked their counsel and their gifts. The
unanimous answer was that it was not wise to rely on volun-
tary donations, but that the University, like all other State in-
stitutions, should be regularly supported out of the public
treasury. As his opinion concurred with theirs, he turned his
energies to procuring an appropriation.
Strange to say no annual appropriation had ever been asked
for and of course had not been granted. In 1790 a loan of
ten thousand dollars for building the Old East was voted and
afterwards it was converted into a gift. About seventy-five
years afterwards, in 1867, President Swain procured seven
thousand dollars for one year to pay part of the unpaid salaries
of the Faculty. Large sums were obtained from time to time
from escheats, including soldiers' land warrants located in West
Tennessee, which that State claimed as her property, but there
was no money from the State Treasury. The seven thousand
and five hundred dollars annually from the Land Grant is no
exception to this statement because that was paid to fulfill a
contract with the United States, specified in the Act of Con-
gress of July, 1862, in lieu of the investments made under the
Pool administration.
After consulting with Governor Jarvis, Colonel Saunders,
and other wise friends it was concluded that, as we had $7,500
per annum coupled with the obligation to receive one free stu-
dent from each county, that the proposed bill would be more
acceptable if, coupled with an additional $7,500, there should
be another free student from each county.
This provision was bitterly fought by friends of other in-
stitutions, who alleged that the county student feature was
used to take away their students. This allegation was prob-
ably true in one or two cases. Some County Commissioners
possibly reasoned that a young man, while his father lived, had
$5,ooo Appropriated, 1881. 217
no property of his own. There was, however, only one case
known where a student was induced to desert his college for
tlie University, but it was charged that there were many.
In order to get the bill in any shape through the Legisla-
ture we h'ad the help of Governor Jarvis, Secretary of State
Wra. L. Saunders, and other enlightened statesmen, includ-
ing alumni of the University in the General Assembly.
Colonel Saunders, graduate of the University of 1854, in
a very strong paper, published in the Sentinel newspaper as
an editorial, pointed out that the memorial of the opponents
to the General Assembly opposing the appropriation was an
attempt by the churches to control the State, contrary to the
genius of our institutions.
Rev. Dr. J. D. Hufham, a sincere and influential Baptist,
a friend of Wake Forest College and also of the University,
of which his father was an alumnus, journeyed to Raleigh
from his distant home and sought an interview with President
Battle. He stated that he was not opposed to the University
but that he was unalterably an enemy to doubling the county
student feature. He proposed that if the friends of the Uni-
versity would ask for $5,000 annually only and strike out the
additional county student feature, he would cease his own op-
position and would advise his friends to support the bill. Be-
lieving it to be the best policy for the University, with the ap-
proval of Governor Jarvis, Colonel Saunders and other Trus-
tees, the proposal was accepted.
The bill then passed without serious trouble.
When passage of the bill was reported to Colonel Saunders
he was much pleased, saying, "That settles the principle — more
will follow."
What caused the change in public sentiment which led to
this beginning of annual appropriations to the University? It
was partly from the judicious conduct of the President and
Professors in working hard and often making educational ad-
dresses throughout the State, partly to the admirable behavior
of our students, and the high stand in their communities of
2i8 History of University of North Carolina.
our alumni, but chiefly to our Summer Normal School. Teach-
ers from two-thirds of the counties returned to their homes
full of love for the University and demonstrating its useful*'
ness to the public schools. Friends of education everywhere
had their attention turned hitherward.
Connected with this success of the University was an inci-
dent which was so distorted in the telling as to be offensive
to some who had opposed us. The students, on Washington's
birthday, through Mr. A. W. McAlister, a Junior, presented
President Battle with a gold headed cane. The secret was so
well kept that the President knew not what was coming until
the orator was half through his speech of presentation. He
replied in a conciliatory tone, giving credit to all who sup-
ported our bill, expressing gratification at the withdrawal of
opposition, and explaining that the opposition was chiefly di-
rected against doubling the number of county students. There
was nothing said in a boastful way but probably the public
presentation of the cane was regarded in that light. Over
that President Battle had no control whatever. His uniform
practice was to say nothing which could leave a sting. Doubt-
less, too, some thin skinned opponent of the University was
guilty of misunderstanding or distorting the speeches and en-
deavored to make mischief.
In order to satisfy the public that the county student law
of 1867 would be honestly administered, it was materially
strengthened by the Act of 1881. The applicant was required
to prove that neither he, nor guardian, nor parent, had the
requisite means to pay his tuition and room rent at the Uni-
versity, that he was a citizen of the State, a resident of the
county, of good moral character and capacity for usefulness.
The appointment was revocable if the alleged facts were found
to be untrue, or the applicant, his parent or guardian, should
become able to pay. The Faculty were allowed to bring the
question of ability before the Board of Commissioners. And
if any student should obtain the appointment, he should still
be liable for tuition and room rent, if he should afterwards
be able to pay. It was made the duty of the Trustees to re-
President's Report for 1881. 219
quire that students receiving- free tuition should promise in
writing to teach in the State for a period of time half as long
as they should be at the University under such tuition.
This law continued until 1887, when the Land Scrip was
taken from the University and the county student feature
was abolished. This abolition, however, does not prevent the
aiding of the indigent to obtain a University education.
Of course, although not altogether satisfactory in its work-
ings, the law did much good. Many valuable youths were
brought from their obscure surroundings and trained for an
honorable life. President Battle was careful to send printed
copies of the law to the counties and thus poor young men
were informed how to obtain a University education, which
would not have otherwise been made known to them.
The report of President Battle for 1881 was placed before
the General Assembly. Some statements in the report should
be recorded.
The President bears testimony to the high standard of
honor, sobriety, economy, and deportment of the students. He
acknowledges the great indebtedness of the Faculty to them
for their invaluable cooperation through the Literary Societies
in preserving so elevated a standard of decorum, and morality.
The Faculty are studious and ambitious. They have per-
formed their work with cheerfulness, harmony, energy and
thoroughness.
The income does not meet expenses. It is impossible to cur-
tail our expense without serious injury to the institution. For
example, curtailment of salaries would drive off some of our
best Professors, while diminution of our teaching force will
cause to be untaught subjects of vital importance.
The Act of Congress does not allow buildings to be put up
out of the fund, or cattle or machinery bought. It requires
the teaching of Latin and Greek and also the "branches of
learning relating to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," not
"Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts." The farmer's son
should have a general training, so that he can hold his own
in all circles. It is the intent of the Act to elevate the business
220 History of University of North Carolina.
of the farmers and mechanics to take rank with the profes-
sional men of law, medicine, theology and the like.
We were assailed for not having stables and barns and
blooded cattle, for not having workshops and costly machinery,
and the like plants necessary to the efficiency of a complete in-
stitute of technology. The answer is plain. In the first place,
how is it possible to provide these expenditures, running into
many thousands of dollars, out of $7,500 a year? Could the
ablest financier provide for the demands on his budget to this
extent out of an empty treasury — in truth out of a deficient
treasury ?
In the second place, the diversion of the Land Scrip Fund
to permanent structures is against the Act of Congress. The
second paragraph of section five of said act is explicit. "No
portion of said fund nor interest thereon shall be applied,
directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to the pur-
chase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or
buildings."
It is confidently submitted that no fair man can accuse the
University of not carrying out its obligation. It established
not only two but several more professorships designed to teach
the branches of learning relating to agriculture and the me-
chanic arts. It was impossible to do more with only $7,500 a
year.
It is possible that if the Trustees had cut off from its past
and turned the University into an Agricultural and Mechanical
College, the General Assembly would have shown greater liber-
ality. But they wisely determined to develop it along the an-
cient lines, embracing, however, a much greater scope of scien-
tific teaching. Surely it was right to have our institution of
the type of Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, University
of Virginia, a character that this University has always had,
with a reputation wide and enduring.
Memorial of Colleges.
A memorial in behalf of the denominational colleges of the
State was submitted to the General Assembly and published
in the newspapers, against the passage of the bill. While the
Memorial of Denominational Colleges. 221
memorialists especially attacked the county student feature on
the ground that it would take students from the colleges and
was not fairly administered, the paper contains arguments
against any State appropriation to the University. They say
"we oppose the measure because such a large sum as $7,500
should not be given to collegiate education, when common
school education is especially needed. Xow only one-third of
the children are at school, the State is so. poor that it can
only open the schools ten and one-fourth weeks in the year,
and the appropriation for each child is only eighty-one cents,
it seems unreasonable for the State to pay eighty dollars a
year for each student sent to Chapel Hill."
Again, they said, the number of really poor who will be
aided will not be materially increased as the colleges are aid-
ing, in whole or in part, one hundred and sixty-five needy
young men. The tendency of the State student system is to
have all University students free, as is the case in Virginia
(and many other States), thus forcing by involuntary tax-
ation the education of well to do and even the richest families.
It was charged that the University was doing no better
teaching than the colleges. "In fact even the high schools
were injured because the University 'receives students of al-
most any degree of preparation.' In truth the development
of the past few years shows that the colleges possess a value
and vitality as factors in the great work of education, which
do not belong to 'the State School at Chapel Hill.' Chapel
Hill, with its illustrious alumni, its buildings and its endow-
ment of $125,000, is unable to sustain itself, while the colleges
are in a prosperous condition."
Finally, deeming the measure violative of their most sacred
rights as citizens, the memorialists entered their solemn pro-
test against it as inexpedient, unfair, and unjust, and they
would resist its passage by every legitimate measure.
The memorial was signed by Rev. Drs. T. H. Pritchard, B.
Craven, and L. M. McKinnon, presidents respectively of Wake
Forest, Trinity, and Davidson Colleges, Rev. J. D. Hufham
and Mr. L. L. Polk, of the Baptist, Mr. John L. Brown of the
Presbvterian, and Rev. F. L. Reid of the Methodist Churches.
222 History of University of North Carolina.
Many members of these denominations made known that
they had no sympathy with the movement.
The temper of the paper is indicated in several ways. First,
the institution under discussion is belittled by calling it "the
State School at Chapel Hill," and "Chapel Hill." Nowhere is
it called "the University."
Second, in throwing up to the University its paucity of
numbers in recent years, when it was struggling under much
opposition by the petitioners and others to regain the pros-
perity lost by the disasters of war and unfortunate legislation.
Third, that it had no standard of admission. The only
ground for this accusation is that the Land Grant Act re-
quired the University not to require Latin and Greek for ap-
plicants desiring to study the branches of learning relating to
Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. The possession of $7,500
a year made it imperative to obey the act, but very few stu-
dents availed themselves of the offer.
Fourth, that the colleges without an endowment were flour-
ishing. On the contrary their numbers were small, and they
were seeking and ultimatelv obtained endowments. Their
prosperity then increased. The rise of the University has
helped them all notably.
Fifth, while some of the arguments are only against free
State students the spirit of the paper is against having any
State University at all — a question settled in 1776 by constitu-
tional enactment, and with few exceptions cherished through-
out all civilized countries. The argument was that members of
denominations which support their own colleges ought not to
be called on to help public institutions, an argument which
does not satisfy their own members, as is shown by the large
attendance of their sons at the University.
Sixth, the reflections on the work of the Lniversity come
with a bad grace from men who never visited it and know not
whereof they affirm. The Visiting Committees, able men, who
annually inspect the institution, certify to faithful and sound
work. The standards were as high as most of the best insti-
tutions in the land, as high as the standard of the preparatory
schools allowed.
Brief for the University. 22$
Seventh, the statement that $7,500 a year is a large appro-
priation, with the necessary inference that it is burdensome on
the taxpayer, shows a lamentable ignorance or forgetfulness
on the part of the memorialists. Institutions in many States
get ten, twenty, thirty times as much. Those with even
$1,000,000 to $2,000,000 annually complain of lack of means
to provide for instruction in important branches of learning.
Eighth, the authorities of the University preferred not to
be burdened with this second obligation of county students.
But they thought that the General Assembly would require it
as a condition of a second appropriation of the same amount.
They welcomed gladly the compromise to eliminate this fea-
ture, and reduce the appropriation to $5,000. It did not occur
to them, however, that such respectable bodies as the County
Commissioners, very fair representatives of the integrity and
good sense of the people, would violate their duty by breaking
a plain law and appointing students not entitled under its pro-
visions.
Brief for the University of Xorth Carolina.
The following brief for the grant of additional aid to the
University was prepared by President Battle and Professor
Winston, and submitted to the Members of the General As-
sembly, in 1 88 1. It is said that it had a good effect in concil-
iating opposition.
The University: Its Origix, Its History. Its Work. Its Needs, and
Reasoxs for Its Existence.
Constitution of 1776 — "All useful learning shall be duly encour-
aged and promoted in one or more universities." Section 41.
Charter granted in 1789, one month after the State entered the
Union. The Legislature declared that "in all well regulated gov-
ernments it is the indispensable duty of every Legislature to consult
the happiness of a rising generation and endeavor to fit them for an
honorable discharge of the social duties of life, by paying the strict-
est attention to their education, and whereas an university, sup-
ported by permanent funds and well endowed would have the most
direct tendency to answer the above purpose," etc. etc.
The Convention of 1835 left the requirement of the University in
the Constitution.
224 History of University of North Carolina.
The Convention of 1861 did the same.
The Convention of 1865 reenacted the provision.
The Convention of 1868 did the same.
The people, by an immense majority, ratified the University by
separate vote in 1873, and gave the management to the General
Assembly.
The Convention of 1875 reenacted the University provisions, and
the people ratified their action in 1876.
So that the people have imposed it on the General Assembly, at
seven different epochs, to support and maintain the University.
Art. IX, sec. 6, of Const.
The General Assembly are sworn to carry out the provisions
"wherever practicable":
1. To give free tuition to the poor.
2. To establish College of Agriculture.
3. To establish College of Mechanics.
4. To establish College of Mining.
5. To establish College of Normal Instruction.
All the Legislature has done is —
I. To pay interest on the Land Scrip Fund, §7,500 per annum.
This they agreed with the United States to do or pay back the whole
amount to the United States.
(a) In return for this $7,500 the University grants 94 free
scholarships, one from each county.
(b) The University agrees to establish at least two professor-
ships, whose professors shall "teach the branches of learning
relating to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts."
As a matter of fact the University has organized all its depart-
ments with special reference to carrying out the Land Grant Act.
The present work of the University:
I. Instruction to beneficiaries and county students. Over 270
since 1S75.
(a) These free students have all the advantages given to
the richest.
(b) They are taught not only branches relating to Agricul-
ture and Mechanic Arts, but also all the studies usually taught
in universities. They have really —
1. The instruction demanded by Congress.
2. The best university education.
3. Both free of charge.
(c) These students are among the best students in all re-
spects; many of them represent their Societies at Commence-
ment.
Brief for the University. 225
(d) Thus the University is educating the poorer classes and
furnishing teachers for public and private schools, educated
citizens for the civil offices and duties of the State.
(e) These poor students are not required to study Latin and
Greek, but they can do so if they desire.
(f) They are not excluded on account of poor preparation;
the Professors, by extra labor, provide for them.
II. Economy is the order of the day at the University.
(a) About half the students board at $7 to $8 per month, less
than ten cents a meal.
(b) The Faculty interdict expensive boarding houses.
(c) Extravagance in all shapes and forms is banished.
III. The standard of graduation is higher than ever before.
(a) The range of studies is wider.
(b) "Various courses of study are arranged to suit the tastes
and necessities of individuals.
(c) The several studies are pursued further than ever before.
(d) The most improved methods of instruction are used.
(e) Idlers and poor scholars are sifted out of each class by
searching final examinations.
(f) The scientific instruction is given not only by lectures
and recitations, but also and especially by actual practice and
experiment in the field and in the laboratory.
(g) The highest testimony has been given in flattering terms
to the character of the institution: e. g., by Major Bingham,
Rev. Dr. McKay, Hon. John Manning, Rev. C. H. Wiley, Major
A. M. Lewis, Rev. Dr. Huske, and others, icho have visited the
class rooms.
IV. The instruction is largely practical.
(a) Land Surveying and Plotting.
(b) Bookkeeping and Commercial Arithmetic.
(c) Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry.
(d) Mechanics.
(e) Geology and Mineralogy.
(f) Botany.
(g) Zoology and Physiology.
(h) Constitutions of United States and of North Carolina,
(i) Rights and Duties of Citizenship,
(j) Laws of Business, Notes, Bills, etc.
(k) The University needs money to extend its usefulness in
this direction.
V. The University is educating a great many teachers.
(a) Manning at Pittsboro, Noble with Bingham, Phillips with
Lynch, Coble at Graham, Bryan at Cary, Craig at Chapel Hill,
etc., etc., etc.
15
226 History of University of North Carolina.
(b) Many students study during the session and then remain
during the Normal School, to learn the theory of teaching.
(c) The University needs money to secure a regular Professor
of the Theory and Art of Teaching the Common School Branches.
VI. The number of the students shows the University's merits.
(a) The number has risen to 200 since 1875. ""
(b) This is more than the University ever had up to 1850.
(c) We have 50 per cent more from North Carolina than the
University had up to 1850.
(d) The students from other States were diverted elsewhere
when the University closed. They are returning.
(e) Many native students went abroad when the University
closed.
VII. Shall the University live, or shall it die?
(a) The Constitution commands the University to exist.
(b) The State owns a great deal of University property; e. g::
1. Eight buildings, five spacious, all brick.
2. Laboratories.
3. Museums.
4. Libraries.
5. Scientific apparatus.
6. Four professors' houses and lots.
7. Six hundred acres of land.
(c) This belongs to the University forever by decision of the
Circuit Court of the United States and Supreme Court of North
Carolina.
(d) Shall the deaf, dumb, and blind be educated and not the
seeing and hearing sons? Shall the insane be cared for and
not the sane?
(e) The University is essential to the Common School Sys-
tem— the fountain of education.
(f) It saves annually from $75,000 to $100,000 to the State by
educating our boys at home: e. <j., Princeton, once the resort
of students from North Carolina, now has only one. Hampden-
Sidney has now none. University of Virginia, once the favorite,
with forty or fifty or more, now has only twelve, counting the
professional students in the Law and Medical Schools, etc., etc.
Before the war the University had 185 from other States, who
brought into North Carolina at least $100,000 every year. It
had besides 272 from our own State, most of whom would have
left it for education. The University therefore gained and saved
together, to the State, about $200,000 per annum. Prom 1850
to 1860, there were 3.626 matriculates. At an average of $400
each, this netted the State $1,450,400 in ten years. Strengthen
its hands and it will bring back the ancient numbers. Suppos-
Brief for the University. 227
ing that of the present numbers, only half would leave the State
for education, say 100, they would spend out of North Carolina
$50,000 at least per year.
(g) The University alone can do its work. Trinity College
claims to do as good work as the best institutions, and it is
not denied; Wake Forest makes the same claim, and so does
Davidson. For this reason it is said by some that the Univer-
sity, which was started fifty years before either of these, must
desert its old work and get out of their way. Where shall it
go? Must it go above Harvard, above Yale, above the Univer-
sity of Virginia, above Cornell, above Vanderbilt, above the
University of Georgia, above Johns Hopkins? Such demands
can not be complied with, for the simple reason that to do so
would cut the University off from its connection with the great
mass of poor young men in the State struggling to acquire lib-
eral education. The University is not intended alone for the
benefit of graduates of other institutions and the rich, but for
the poor and needy as well, whose narrow fortunes will not
permit them to go elsewhere. It is, and ought to be, emphati-
cally a State institution, doing the State's work, and the real
question at issue is not whether young men shall go to Chapel
Hill or to other institutions, but whether they shall go to Chapel
Hill and there acquire a liberal education, or remain at home
without one. No institution in North Carolina, other than a
State institution, can do the beneficiary work that the Univer-
sity has done, and desires to do. But let us not quarrel about
this, for Heaven knows that in the field of education there is
work enough for us all; that there are, and will always be, boys
enough in North Carolina seeking higher education to fill all
of our institutions of learning. So far as the University is
concerned, it knows full well that the poor are always with us,
and it desires always to open its doors to those who, for lack of
fortune, can not go elsewhere.
VIII. With a little more money the University can vastly increase
its usefulness.
(a) It could give more and better instruction as to—
1. The theory and art of teaching.
2. House building.
3. Mining.
4. Machinery, tools, etc.
5. Surveying, drainage, and irrigation.
6. Road making and bridge building.
7. Carpentry.
8. Draughting and drawing.
9. Agriculture.
228 History of University of North Carolina.
IX. The University is doing more for the $1,500 than any similar
institution in the United States that has as little money.
(a) It is teaching all the sciences relating to Agriculture and
the Mechanic Arts.
(b) Its instruction in these sciences is as extensive as the
funds allow.
(c) It has gone in debt to support the Professorship of Natu-
ral History, relating solely to Agriculture.
(d) But for said professorship it would now be out of debt
and self-supporting.
(e) It has fitted up three large and valuable chemical labora-
tories for agricultural students.
(f) It has purchased valuable and costly apparatus for stu-
dents of Chemistry and Mechanics.
(g) It teaches the analysis of soils, marls, manures, foods, etc.,
the principles of Agriculture and Mechanics, etc., etc.
(h) Its work needs extending in these branches.
X. What appropriations do other States make?
The list of appropriations by other States may be found in
President Winston's report in 1892.
XI. Money contributed by individuals to revive the University and
intended to pay Professors' salaries, has been applied to improving
the property of the State.
(a) Individuals contributed over twenty thousand dollars.
(b) Of this sum nearly fifteen thousand dollars was spent in —
1. Repairing the buildings.
2. Constructing scientific laboratories.
3. Buying scientific apparatus.
(c) But for these expenses the University would be out of
debt.
(d) The State ought to refund this money by making an an-
nual appropriation.
XII. The past history and tvorlc of the University entitle her to
the patriotic support of the State.
(a) Over five thousand students educated.
(b) Public men and business men.
1. Presidents, Vice-Presidents, Senators, etc., etc.
2. R. S. Tucker, J. S. Carr, T. M. Holt, J. T. Morehead,
R. R. Bridgers, W. S. Battle, and hundreds of other busi-
ness men.
(c) Work of Caldwell, Swain, Olmstead, Mitchell and others
of the Faculty.
Brief for the University.
229
Objections to the University and answers:
I. It takes so many beneficiaries.
Answer. Guilty and proud of it.
(a) The Constitution (Art. IX, sec. 7) demands it.
(b) If the present law is faulty, whereby those able to pay get
in free, amend the law. The principle is all right.
(c) But certainly very few, if any, county students are able
to pay.
(d) Ninety-nine out of one hundred are certainly needy.
(e) These ninety-nine would certainly not have been educated,
except as beneficiaries somewhere. Their education is due to
the University.
(f) Some of them will be strong and valuable men.
II. By taking beneficiaries it hurts denominational colleges.
Answer. Not true. The opening of the University has helped
them.
(a) It has aroused a deep interest everywhere in education.
(b) Wake Forest had 91 before the University opened; it has
now double that number. The others have increased also.
(c) Of the 2,500 to 3,000 boys in the State that ought to be
at college, only 600 to 700 are there.
(d) The other colleges want paying students.
(e) The Constitution (Art. IX, sec. 7) requires the Univer-
sity to receive poor boys. It is the duty of the State to educate
them, and the University is the proper medium.
III. The University should raise its standard of scholarship so
high as to be out of the way of the colleges.
Ansioer. How can this be done? What institution in America
does it?
(a) The colleges publish that they teach Latin, Greek, Math-
ematics, Chemistry and everything which our people want to
learn, as icell as any institution; they claim that their gradu-
ates are equal to those of Yale, Princeton, Cornell, etc.
(b) What is left for the University to do? Shall it go up
into the skies?
(c) Suppose the University received only graduates of the
colleges; it would not have ten students.
(d) It is hard to induce students to stay at the colleges to
graduate. It is chimerical to expect many of them to go higher.
(e) The standard of admission at Chapel Hill is as high as at
Princeton, the University of Virginia and other colleges of the
same rank. (See paper annexed. "Requisites for Admission
Into the University of Virginia.")
230 History of University of North Carolina.
(f) The University of Virginia has a high reputation for her
degrees by granting them only to the best scholars. The best
scholars at Chapel Hill are equal substantially to those of the
University of Virginia.
(g) Graves, Jacob Battle and others, among the best at Chapel
Hill, went to the University of Virginia, and were equal to the
best there. Gildersleeve told President Battle that Jacob Battle
was one of the best Greek scholars he ever had. Graves' repu-
tation was equally high, as Professor Davis and others say.
(h) True, we receive county students not possessing the qual-
ifications to enter on the regular classical curriculum, but we
are required by law so to do, and we ought to do so. We should
be applauded for it.
IV. The University does not meet the requirements of the Land
Grant Act.
Answer. This has been explained by President Battle in his re-
port sent to the Legislature by the Governor.
REQUISITES FOR THE ADMISSION OF VIRGINIA STUDENTS INTO THE UNI-
VERSITY OF VIRGINIA.
(Catalogue of 1879-'80.)
All students are required to pass entrance examinations in English
and arithmetic. The examination in English includes spelling, pars-
ing and writing. The examination in arithmetic includes addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division, vulgar and decimal frac-
tions, proportion and denominate numbers.
After passing these two examinations, Virginia students may re-
ceive instruction in any school of the University, except four. If
they wish to study Latin, Greek, Mathematics, or History and Liter-
ature, they must be examined on these studies respectively.
In Latin the examination covers two books of Caesar's Gallic War
and Cicero's Four Orations against Catiline.
In Greek the examination covers two books of Xenophon's
Anabasis.
In Mathematics, Algebra (through Quadratics) and three books of
Plane Geometry.
In History and Literature, Modern Geography and an elementary
knowledge of the history of Greece, Rome, England, or the United
States.
It will be noticed that the University of North Carolina has as
high a standard of admission as the University of Virginia.
Reports of President and Visiting Committee. 231
Reports for 1881.
President Battle in substance described the work of the Uni-
versity as follows :
The University after being closed for a few years previously
was reopened in 1875. Its progress since then, considering the
financial disturbance and the shattered fortunes of the people
of the South, has been rapid. It has more students than it
ever had prior to 1850, from all the States. It has many more
from North Carolina than it ever had prior to 1850. It was
inevitable that when its doors were closed, the patronage from
other States should be diverted to other channels. New uni-
versities have been opened in the States south of us which have
the confidence of their home people. Most grant free tuition.
But there is full scope in North Carolina. If all those who are
able will send their sons to the universities or to the colleges,
we would have five hundred and the colleges double or treble
their numbers. There are large counties that have very few if
any students at any college. The revival of the University has
not decreased the number attending other institutions — some
have increased. The University has also called back students
from distant States. Princeton, once frequented by North
Carolina youths, has only one, and few can be found in any
institution outside our limits.
Besides the Academic Department the University has spe-
cial schools.
I. — Law, fitting students to obtain license to practice in this
State.
II. — Medicine, in which they are fitted to attend the great
medical colleges.
III. — Pharmacy, fitting them to be practical druggists.
The Faculty are ready to furnish postgraduate instruction.
Hereafter the degree of Master of Arts (A.M.) and Doctor
of Philosophy (Ph.D.) will not be conferred except upon rigid
examination on prescribed courses.
The Normal School, giving instruction for five weeks during
summer vacation under eminent experts in Normal methods, is
22)2 History of University of North Carolina.
continued. Thus far seven or eight hundred teachers have
reaped this educational harvest, and their testimony is unani-
mous as to the benefits realized.
The Fertilizer Control Station, established by the General
Assembly in a building of the University, is greatly helping
the farmers and others by analyses of fertilizers, drinking-
waters, ores, minerals, soils, etc., and publishing the results.
Rev. Calvin H. Wiley, D.D., the former able Superintend-
ent of Public Instruction, was Chairman of the Committee of
Visitation. He wrote and signed their report which certifies
to "the existence of certain primary conditions necessary to
the success of such institutions, namely, sober and quiet living,
unity in counsel, and hearty cooperation among the Faculty,
and kindness and sympathy between the teachers and pupils.
"The range of studies is very broad, and has necessarily been
extended beyond the usual University course by a proper com-
pliance with the conditions imposed by the Land Scrip Grant
of the Federal Government. The method of instruction is
simple, careful, and thorough, evidently designed for the im-
provement of the pupils and not for display. * * * The
recitations exhibited the teachers as full of their subjects rather
than of themselves. While there is an air of neatness and self-
respect among the students there is little extravagance * * *
and none of the odious characteristics of caste."
Dr. Wiley then, as specimens of the character of the teach-
ing, gives a syllabus of a lecture by Dr. F. P. Yenable, Profes-
sor of Chemistry, on "The Natural Gums," and one by Presi-
dent Battle, which brought in review important facts and
precedents in the experience of the Federal Government, ex-
hibiting in an impressive way its genius and tendencies.
Dr. Wiley gave as an appendix to his report a tabulated
statement of the work of the University in 1881, showing con-
cretely that the meagre resources of the University at that time
were fully realized.
After the grant of $5,000 per annum, in 1881, in addition to
the amount already had, the Trustees requested the opinion of
Oration by General M. W. Ransom. 233
the Faculty as to the best mode of expending it. The Faculty
strongly opposed the creation of new professorships, urging
the purchase of books, journals, and apparatus in aid of the
existing departments. Of course they properly asked as a mat-
ter of justice that their salaries should be restored to the
amounts originally promised. Their advice was substantially
complied with.
Commencement of 1881.
The Commencement of 1881 was largely attended by repre-
sentative men of the State. On Wednesday, when the speak-
ing in public began, there were on the rostrum Senators Ran-
som and Vance, Rev. Drs. Patterson and W. P. Harrison,
Governor Jarvis, Gen. E. J. Mallett, President Battle, of
course, and the ''Introductory Orator," J. M. Walker. The
quadrangle, or "bull pen," contained, among many others,
Judge Albertson, Gen. W. R. Cox, Hon. John Manning, and
Hon. J. J. Davis, soon to be Supreme Court Judge.
A prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Geo. Patterson. Mr. F. G.
Hines introduced the orator, Gen. M. W. Ransom, who al-
ways attracted admiration by his striking presence, his son-
orous voice, the gracefulness of his gesticulation, the elo-
quence of his language. His theme was "The Duties of the
Young Men of the State to the State." He exhorted his
hearers to cultivate patriotism, education, and justice. Many
were delighted that he counseled them to stand by the religion
of their fathers and not listen to the siren wooing them with
the song of science. The speech was enthusiastically received,
all the more because the General stated that he had left his
manuscript in Durham and made his address "without rest."
Although it interrupts the narrative I must state that some
time after this, on the occasion of a visit to Chapel Hill, he
called on President Battle and for two hours they talked over
University incidents of 1843-47. The General showed that he
had forgotten no material points of his college career and pre-
served brightly in his heart its memories. Five of his sons
were of our boys and most of them were distinguished for
scholarship.
234 History of University of North Carolina.
After General Ransom's address the Historical Society had
a meeting. President Battle was elected President and Rev.
J. F. Heitman Secretary and the usual business transacted.
The Baccalaureate sermon was preached in the afternoon
by Rev. Dr. W. P. Harrison, of Washington, D. C. It was a
discourse of marked ability. He described the seven great re-
ligions of the world— that of the Egyptians, Buddhism, Confu-
cianism, Parseeism, Mohammedanism, the Polytheism of
Greece and Rome, Christianity — and showed the perfection of
the latter. He sharply criticised evolution and closed with a
glowing tribute to moral courage.
At night the representatives of the two societies delivered
their addresses. The first speaker was Thomas Malvern
Vance, on the theme, "Has the Time Come for Universal Suf-
frage?" Of course he decided against the claims of negroes
and women.
It is interesting that the speaker, son of Governor Vance,
was born not long after the disastrous fight at Malvern Hill
in 1862 and was named after the battle, the Governor, then
Colonel of a regiment stationed in sound of the cannon, but
not near enough to participate in the fight.
The next speaker was Albert Sidney Grandy, whose Chris-
tian name recalls a hero of the Civil War. He discussed "The
Present Demand for Political Reform." He compared the
political problems of the leading nations of Europe with our
own, and advocated trenchant changes.
Mr. Edward Thomas Greenlee came next and advocated
national education as the solution of "Our National Problem."
Mr. John Randolph Uzzell spoke on "Literature as a Pro-
fession." The company welcomed this subject and its inter-
esting discussion as a relief from politics.
Thomas William Mayhew then discussed "The Discontent
of the Age." He attributed it to the misdirection of educa-
tional influence.
Edwin Anderson Alderman followed with a glowing trib-
ute to Ireland and fierce denunciation of her treatment by
the English. His subject was "Ireland and Her Woes." Of
The Commencement of 1881. 235
the above Vance, Greene, and Alderman were Dialectics, the
others Philanthropies. Alderman was considered best speaker.
On Commencement Day the speakers, chosen by request
of the Faculty by the Senior Class out of their number, were :
William J. Adams, "The Character of Lee."
Robert B. Albertson, "The Philosophy of the Decline of
Persecution."
John M. Avery, "Nihilism."
James Y. Joyner, "Self-Government."
James M. Leach, Jr., "The Passing Century."
James D. Murphy, "The Laboring Classes of America."
Robert P. Pell, "The Influence of the Scientific Movement
L'pon Literature."
Charles R. Thomas, Jr., "The Philosophy and Retribution
of History."
Lucian H. Walker, "The Chosen Race."
William B. Stewart, "The Records of Human Influence."
Robert W, Winborne, "The Influence of Free Thought on
American Society."
Noah J. Rouse, "The Reform Needed."
The judges of the debate awarded the Mangum Medal to
James M. Leach, Jr. It was presented in an eloquent address
by Gen. Robert B. Vance.
The candidates for the Degrees in Course were then pre-
sented by President Battle to Governor Jarvis, who handed
to each a diploma and Bible, and then gave wise words of
counsel to all. For their names see Appendix.
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 18
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B) 10
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) 3
Total 31
Those of this class who had conspicuous success in life are
Adams, lawyer and State Senator ; Avery, eminent lawyer in
Texas; Brady, Professor of Greek in Smith College, Massa-
chusetts ; Dancy, general agent of the Royster Fertilizing
27.6 History of University of North Carolina.
-o
Company; Charles D. Mclver, D.D., President and Founder
of the State Normal College for Women ; Pell, President of
Converse College, South Carolina ; Thomas, Representative in
Congress ; Albertson, Judge in State of Washington ; Joyner,
State Superintendent of Public Instruction ; Ruffin, who ac-
cumulated a large fortune as manager of cotton mills ; Battle,
Director of State Experiment Station and State Chemist;
Nixon, Sheriff and Superior Court Clerk of Lincoln and
writer of historical monographs ; Winborne, lawyer and Mem-
ber of Virginia Legislature; Murphy, a strong lawyer and
Judge ; Rouse, a good lawyer and president of a bank.
Two of the class of high promise whose names are together
on the list lost their lives by drowning, one in a North Caro-
lina river and the other in the ocean, Harris and Hines.
At this Commencement there appeared a visitor of more
than usual interest. General Edward J. Mallett. He was a
native of Fayetteville but had made his residence in the city
of New York. He had been Consul-General to Italy and
during the Civil War Paymaster in the United States Army,
which fact did not in the least diminish the warmth of his
reception. President Battle introduced him to the audience
as a classmate of President Polk, a graduate of 1818, who
had never once in sixty-three years partaken of ardent spirits
and therefore appeared before us with mens sana in corpore
sano, and with the still higher attribute mens sibi conscia recti.
When this utterance was made Gen. Robert B. Vance, of
whom his brother the ex-Governor said, "I am a Calvinist
and do not believe in falling from grace, yet am always fall-
ing, while Bob, a Methodist, believes in falling from grace,
yet never falls," an ardent prohibitionist, rose and proposed
three cheers for General Mallett, which were given with great
enthusiasm. The General then delivered a short address,
which was a gem of its kind, showing that long absence had
not diminished his love for Alma Mater, nor his extreme age
his interest in young men. I quote some sentences :
"The most miserable and useless position a man can be
placed in is when he has nothing to do. An idle man is a
sponge on his fellowman and a blight on society. * * *
The Commencement of 1881. 237
Every man who is idle, or gets a living without work, is adding
so much to the misery of the world and is really injuring the
morals and the happiness of the human family, and he should
be held responsible for it. :;: * * There are now living hun-
dreds, yea thousands, who are physically, mentally, morally,
and financially bankrupt, and who can trace their first step
of error to an idle hour. * * * Humanity requires a life-
time for its development, and a long tale of years for its bloom,
its fruitage and its death. Sometimes the harvests are sud-
den, sometimes (as in my case) they linger. * * * Sooner
or later there will be an eternal uprising, when the bloom will
know no harvest, when it will be perennial spring, when bright-
est stars will glisten on the mantle of night, and a more efful-
gent sun will sparkle on the dewdrops of morning. * * *
Let me suggest four cardinal points, and believe me, if you
adhere to them you will float over the ocean of time with never
a ripple or a wave. Be sober, be honest, always speak the
truth, and fear nothing but God."
Our old friend two years after ended life's journey. His
classmate, William Mercer Green, Bishop of Mississippi, lived
four years longer.
The recipients of the prizes were as follows :
Greek Medals. — James Everett Brady, Nunia Fletcher
Heitman, Henry Erwin Thompson.
Chemistry Medal — Alexander Worth McAlister.
Representative (Oratory) Medal. — Edwin Anderson Al-
derman.
Bingham Essay Medal. — James Madison Leach, Jr.
Maxgum (Oratory) Medal. — James Madison Leach, Jr.
Bingham Entrance Medal. — Marion Charles Millender.
Prize in Materia Medica. — Jesse Bynum Triplett.
The Chemistry Medals were presented by Mr. Paul C.
Cameron. The Bingham Entrance Medal by Gen. J. M. Leach
and the Medical Prize by Hon. W. L. Steele. Others by Hon.
John Manning, E. R. Stamps, Esq., Major John W. Graham.
While all the speeches of presentation were appropriate the
audience gave the palm to Mr. Cameron as being peculiarly
happy in such deliverances, short, strong, to the point and full
238 History of University of North Carolina.
of sense. If nature had given him a good voice he would
have been a conspicuous orator.
Honorary Degrees were awarded as follows :
Doctors of Laws (L.L.D.), Right Reverend William Mercer
Green, Bishop of Mississippi, Chancellor of the University of
the South, a former Professor of the University.
Thomas Ruffin, Judge of the Supreme Court of North Caro-
lina, whose father of the same name was Chief Justice, a
graduate of 1843.
Reverend Andrew D. Hepburn, D.D.. President of David-
son College and once Professor of Logic and Rhetoric in the
University.
Matthew Whitaker Ransom, Senator of the United States,
a first honor graduate of the Class of 1847; Brigadier-General
C. S. A.; appointed Major-General just prior to Lee's sur-
render.
Doctor of Divinity (D.D.), Reverend Calvin H. Wiley,
once State Superintendent of Public Instruction, who put in
operation the system of public schools ; an author ; graduate
of 1840.
Reverend Joseph H. Foy, eloquent preacher, of St. Louis,
Missouri, once of North Carolina, belonging to the Camp-
bellite or Christian Church.
Master of Arts (M.A.), Reverend Robert W. Boyd.
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Frank M. Deems, M.D.,
New York.
Changes in the Faculty in i88o-'8i were that Francis Pres-
ton Yenable, Ph.D. (Bonn"), was made Professor of General
and Analytical Chemistry. Charles W. Dabney, Junior, suc-
ceeded Dr. A. R. Ledoux as State Chemist and Director of the
Agricultural Experiment and Fertilizer Control Station. Rev.
A. W. Mangum was made a Doctor of Divinity by his Alma
Mater, Randolph-Macon College.
Changes in i88i-'S2: Professor Graves' department was
confined to Mathematics. Professor Grandy was charged with
Natural Philosophy and Engineering. Joseph Austin Holmes,
of South Carolina, B.Agr. (Cornell), took charge of Geology
and Natural Historv. Hon. Tohn Manninc; filled the Chair of
J. W. Gore
Thomas Hume
F. P. Vexable
J. A. Holmes
\V. B. PhIleips
J. L. Love
Geo. F. Atkinson
Courses in the Law Department. 239
Law. Robert Paine Pell was Assistant Professor of English,
Latin, and Mathematics. Angus R. Shaw, Assistant in the
Chemical Laboratory. Numa F. Heitman, Instructor in
Greek. Henry Horace Williams, Librarian. R. P. Pell, Sec-
retary.
Law Department in 1881.
In this year Hon. John Manning, of Pittsboro, by unani-
mous election became Professor of Law. He had the advan-
tages of a high degree of learning, of extensive practice in the
State and Federal Courts, and service in the Convention of
1861 and in the General Assembly. He was during the Civil
War for some months an Adjutant of a regiment and then
Sequestrator of confiscated property under the Confederacy.
When elected he was one of the Commissioners to codify the
Public Laws of the State. He was a thorough and sympa-
thetic teacher and the Law School flourished under his
guidance.
He prescribed two courses. (A ) that laid down by the Su-
preme Court for license to practice law, and (B) leading to
the degree of Bachelor of Laws (B.L.) The textbooks in
course A prescribed by the Supreme Court were, Blackstone's
Commentaries, four books, Stephen on Pleading, Smith on
Contracts, Bigelow on Torts, Washburn or Williams on Real
Property, Greenleaf on Evidence, first volume ; Schouler on
Executors, Adams' Equity, the Constitutions of the United
States and of North Carolina, the Code of North Carolina,
particularly the Code of Civil Procedure. For course B in
addition to the foregoing were Angel and Ames on Corpora-
tions, Pierce on American Railroad Law, May on Insurance,
Darlington's Williams on Personal Property, Starkie on Evi-
dence, Pollock on Contracts, and Russell on Crimes.
In addition to the regular session of forty weeks. Dr. Man-
ning inaugurated a Summer Session in vacation lasting about
twelve weeks. In this he was assisted by one of the Judges
of the Supreme Court of the State, James E. Shepherd. One
class studied all the books in A and B. Another those in A
onlv.
240 History of University of North Carolina.
The fees in the Law School were not the same as those in
the undergraduate courses, nor did free scholarship exempt
from payment.
For regular session, Course A $90
For regular session, Course B 90
For summer session, both classes 60
Matriculation fee for regular session 10
Medical fee 5
While all the books in the two courses were required to be
read, lectures were regularly delivered to the classes and Dr.
Manning published a book, entitled Commentaries on First
Blackstone, all changes in First Blackstone by judicial de-
cisions and legislation being clearly explained.
In 1881 the two societies entered into a joint agreement to
put a stop to hazing. Under a heavy penalty it was forbidden
to enter the room of another against his will, to lay hands on
him, to touch him with any object, to throw at him, or commit
any act of indignity or annoyance. This prohibition by the
societies succeeded in its object for several years, but a new
set of students came in, who either were ignorant of the law
or had no sympathy with it, and so the unmanly practice was
resumed, often, however, with effort, by masks and otherwise,
to conceal the identity of the perpetrators. But the inter-
society agreement remained on the statute books.
Normal School of 1881.
The Normal School of 1881 began on June 16 and closed
July 21. President Battle, as heretofore, had general charge,
having the cooperation of Superintendent Scarborough. Prof.
J. L. Tomlinson, then of Baltimore, was superintendent until
July 4th, when pressing engagements called him elsewhere ;
Dr. Henry E. Shepherd, Superintendent of the Baltimore City
Schools, succeeded. Dr. Shepherd was likewise Lecturer on
the English Language.
Prof. A. Mclver, as heretofore, had charge of Mathematics, Geog-
raphy, and History.
Prof. N. Y. Gulley, of Smithfield, late of Wake Forest College, was
Teacher of English Grammar and Arithmetic.
Normal School of 1881. 241
Rev. Wm. S. Long, of Graham: English Grammar.
Mr. Eugene L. Harris: Writing and Penmanship.
Dr. Thomas W. Harris: Physiology and Hygiene.
Dr. James J. Vance, of Wisconsin, was Lecturer on Elocution and
Vocal Culture.
Prof. Wm. B. Phillips: Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.
Rev. Wm. R. Atkinson, of Charlotte: Algebra and Geometry.
Prof. Frederick N. Skinner: Latin.
Prof. Robt. T. Bryan: Latin.
Prof. Robert P. Pell: English Philology.
Prof. Charles L. Wilson: Vocal Music.
Prof. Wm. I. Marshall, of Massachusetts: Lecturer on Geography
and Arithmetic.
Miss Jane F. Long, of Greensboro: Teacher of "Model Class."
Miss Mary T. Pescud, of Raleigh: Calisthenics.
Capt. John E. Dugger, of Raleigh: Phonics and Calisthenics.
Capt. J. E. Dugger, Secretary.
The students represented sixty-two counties.
Males 170
Females 168
Total 338
Conspicuous among the teachers from abroad was Prof.
William D. Marshall, of Massachusetts. His lectures on
"Gold Mines and Mining," "The Yosemite Valley and the Yel-
lowstone Park," also the "Structure and Climate of the West-
ern Half of our Country as Affecting its Settlement and the
Occupations of Its People," were singularly clear and full.
They were illustrated by views of wonderful beauty, the photo-
graphs taken by himself. His explanation of the pictures as
thrown on the screen were so lucid that the listeners felt that
they had learned as much as if they had traveled in person
to the regions displayed. His advice to teachers in regard to
instructing in penmanship was singularly reasonable and wise.
"There are a few pupils who are endowed with peculiar apti-
tude for drawing and wish to become skilled teachers. These
may be taught the mysteries of caligraphy, illuminated manu-
script, Old English, German texts, and the like. But all that the
great majority need is legible and rapid writing. Therefore
let the beginner be taught first how to hold his pen, so as not
to pain or fatigue the fingers, then to make the letters as dis-
16
242 History of University of North Carolina.
tinct as possible, at first slowly, then increasing in speed, but
always carefully retaining legibility. Discard all the fancy or
the newly invented styles. The pupil by gaining what ought
to be the object of all penmanship, capacity of being easily
read, forms his own style, and has the valuable accompani-
ment of speed.
There were, as heretofore, frequent valuable addresses by
eminent men, not connected with the school.
University Day in 1881 was celebrated by an address by
Major (now Colonel) Robert Bingham, which was greatly
admired for its wisdom and sound instruction. His subject
was the "Practical Value of Education." He spoke of the
practical value of university and college training and the neces-
sity of personal power in order to secure and profit by it.
At the conclusion of Major Bingham's address, the students
called out President Battle, Dr. John Manning, and Professors
Venable, Holmes and Winston, who responded in brief
speeches, which met apparently hearty appreciation.
Senior Speaking.
On March 15, 1882, the Seniors were called on for original
speeches, delivered in public. Their names and subjects are
as follows :
J. W. Jackson on "Immigration and Its Results." He advo-
cated more stringent naturalization laws, because of the im-
mense influx of men who can not and will not understand our
institutions.
David S. Kennedy asked, "Why Study Law?" Literature,
manufactures, medicine, offer greater fame, wealth, usefulness.
Mack M. Thompson spoke on the "Philosophy of Nihilism."
The Nihilists, although often wrong in their methods, are work-
ing for reform in the Russian government.
"The Golden Industry of the South" was treated by Emile
A. de Schweinitz. The golden industry is the production and
manufacture of cotton.
G. G. Wilson described a "Representative American States-
man." In his opinion it was Daniel Webster.
Sexior Speaking in 1882. 243
The "Opium War and Its Results" was handled by Frederick
N. Skinner. The war was because of the seizure of opium
smuggled into China by the English. The Chinese violated
treaties made with England.
A. W. McAlister discussed the fruitful subject, "The Puri-
tan and Cavalier in England and America." The Puritan was
conservative, the Cavalier an innovator. The Puritan settled
Massachusetts, the Cavalier, Virginia. The fortitude of the
Cavalier after the ruins of the Civil War is worthy of all
praise.
"The Railroad Problem" was the subject of E. A. Alderman.
The railroads are claiming some of the attributes of sov-
ereignty. They are public plunderers, "hard as steel and piti-
less as the storm." Liberty is in danger. The National Gov-
ernment must check and control this new power.
G. W. Whitsett spoke on "Drifting With the Tide." Civili-
zation and religion are threatened by a new crusade of infidel-
ity headed by Ingersoll and others. The forces of truth must
organize to resist this evil.
A. W. Allen selected a great theme, "True Heroism." In
his view conspicuous examples are found in the fifty-one sign-
ers of the Declaration of Independence and those who labored
with them.
Charles W. Worth spoke on "Our Newspapers. " They pro-
mote reforms, but are too much given to politics. Their recip-
rocal wrangling is disgraceful.
Albert S. Grandy's oration was "The Insanity Plea." Too
much abused. Human life is unsafe. The atrocity of a
murder is deemed proof of insanity.
The Senior Class Day celebration of 1882 was held on the
31st of March. The University choir furnished the music. A
thriving young water oak was planted not far from the Old
Poplar and the exercises were under the Poplar's shade. The
President of the class, Charles W. Worth, made a short intro-
ductory speech. Then the Orator, A. W. McAlister, followed.
The Historian, Fred X. Skinner, gave a faithful record of the
class from its callow "Freshmancv" to the lordlv "Senioritv."
244 History of University of North Carolina.
Edwin A. Alderman, the Prophet, convulsed the listeners with
his humorous and sometimes satirical description of the future
fates of his classmates. It was interesting to witness the ex-
treme gravity with which his preposterous predictions were
made, and the good humor with which the sharp satire was
received by the victims. There was no effort to make the
prophecy fit the man but rather the reverse. For example one
of the most pious and steadfast men would be depicted as in
the future engaged in conducting a low-down groggery, being
his own best customer, beating his wife and dying in a ditch.
To use the words of a contemporary "he told candidly whether
they would be henpecked by their wives, marry an heiress and
spend their lives quarreling with their mothers-in-law, study
law, run for town constable, or help their wives run a bakery,
and pull teeth in the backroom, 'three jerks for a quarter.' "
It is of some interest to know that the average weight of the
class was one hundred and forty-six and one-half pounds ; the
oldest member twenty-six, the youngest eighteen years of age,
the average twenty-one and one-half years. Four were Meth-
odists, five Baptists, six Presbyterians, two Episcopalians, one
Lutheran, and one Christian Methodist. Eight proposed to
be lawyers, two preachers, one a teacher, three physicians, three
merchants, one a dentist, and one hesitated between law and
farming.
The report of the Committee of Investigation, as they call
themselves, properly termed the Visiting Committee — viz., Hon.
Walter L. Steele, Chairman, and Hons. C. M. Cooke and Rob-
ert B. Peebles, Rev. Dr. N. H. D. Wilson and Wm. J. Yates,
Esq. — mentions the fact that all the assistants in the State Ag-
ricultural Bureau are recent graduates of the University * * *
The Professors and Instructors are not only learned in their
several departments but devoted to their work and understand
the art of practical rather than mere theoretical teaching.
* * * -pjle stuc[ents feel that their teachers are men fully
endowed with human sympathy, ready to assist in leading
them up to knowledge, and to treat them with the courtesy
and kindness which is a moral duty.
The University Railroad. 245
The committee expressed sincere pleasure in commending
the general good conduct and gentlemanly bearing of the stu-
dents. The seeds of kindness sown by the Faculty have yielded
most excellent fruit, and the young men themselves deserve
credit for the assistance which they have given in the produc-
tion of this result. Strong praise was given to the new Pro-
fessor of Law, Hon. John Manning, and to the Professor of
Medicine and Pharmacy, Dr. Thomas W. Harris. The com-
mittee felt gratified in saying that the University has met, and
is meeting, all the obligations which just men will say it owes
the public.
They report that the moral tone pervading the institution is
worthy of all praise and parents may feel, with entire confi-
dence, that their sons will be as free from temptation to do
wrong as they would be at any similar establishment, either
within or without the borders of the State.
The report was penned by Chairman Steele. Appended to it
are extracts from the reports of members of the Faculty show-
ing their work during the year.
The State University Railroad. 1882.
All the customary forms were adopted in inaugurating the
State University Railroad. Being the first named in the list of
corporators I called them together on April 12, 1879. Mr.
P. C. Cameron was called to the chair and Seaton M. Barbee
was elected secretary. The following were present, P. C. Cam-
eron, K. P. Battle, Julian S. Carr, John R. Hutchins, James B.
Mason, and W. F. Stroud. Messrs. R. F. Hoke. Thomas M.
Holt, David McCauley, and Jones Watson were absent.
Books of subscriptions were ordered to be opened, under
supervision of proper persons, at Chapel Hill, Durham, Patter-
son's Mill, Morrisville, Pittsboro, Bynum's Factory, Hillsboro,
University Station, Cary, Apex, Oaks, and Raleigh. Three
commissioners at each place were appointed to solicit subscrip-
tions. It was voted that no conditional subscriptions should be
received. The Board adjourned to meet on the 17th of May.
The failure of one attempt to build a railroad from the North
Carolina Railroad to Chapel Hill has been heretofore narrated.
246 History of University of North Carolina.
In 1873 a new charter was obtained from the General As-
sembly under which the work was eventually accomplished.
Considering the poverty of the people of Chapel Hill and of
the University, only wise and careful management could have
succeeded. The prime mover was General Robert F. Hoke.
The University, through its President, cooperated with him,
but their joint efforts would have been naught without the
powerful assistance of Governor Jarvis and of Colonel A. B.
Andrews, then superintendent of the Richmond and Danville
Railroad Company, now first vice-president of the Southern
Railway Company, of which the Richmond and Danville rail-
road is a part. General Hoke owned the greater part of the
Iron Mountain, one mile north of Chapel Hill. In 1880 the
price of iron was so high that it was profitable to ship the ore
to the furnaces in Pennsylvania. Hence the General desired
the railroad.
Colonel Andrews agreed that if we would grade and crosstie
the road his company would iron and provide the rolling stock.
Governor Jarvis obtained for us the hire of convicts at a very
moderate figure because it was chiefly for the benefit of a State
institution. The North Carolina Railroad Company agreed to
subscribe $5,000 for buying the crossties. Only one stock-
holder, D. F. Caldwell, objected to this, alleging that some
thirty years of its lease to the Richmond and Danville Rail-
road Company had expired, and his company had little interest
in the enterprise. Care was taken to make him president of the
meeting of stockholders, so that the proposition passed unani-
mously, or at any rate ncm. con. About $4,300 was secured
from Chapel Hill and the Iron Mountain Company subscribed
$6,000. President Battle was made president of the road with-
out salary and General Hoke was superintendent on the same
terms. The manager of the hands was the efficient Mr. John
Holt, whose theory was to feed them well, clothe them well,
give them good sleeping quarters, and then require a good day's
work. The civil engineer was Captain Fry, a man of noted
skill.
It was desired to run the road to Durham, about three miles
further than the route adopted. Owing to the scantiness of
The University Railroad. 247
our funds, to secure this result it was necessary for people of
that city to subscribe enough to pay for the excess in distance.
As chairman of the commissioners' for procuring subscriptions
to the capital stock I spent a day in the endeavor to persuade
them to do this, but met with no response. General J. S.
Carr's $500, given with no stipulation as to the route to be
adopted, was the only subscription that could be secured. One
merchant replied, "Your road is against the interests of Dur-
ham. Trade would stop at Chapel Hill." A meeting of the
stockholders was called and the shorter line selected : that to
what is now called University Station or simply "University."
It had the advantage over the line to Durham not only of being
shorter, but of easier grade, and of being nine miles nearer to
Greensboro, through which the iron ore was to be transported
to a northern furnace.
The road was graded, by the favor as to convicts granted by
Governor Jarvis, by buying all supplies for cash and by having
no salaried president and superintendent, for about $1,100 per
mile. It was necessary, however, to leave the ravines over
which the line ran to be covered by wooden trestles. Colonel
Andrews and his company looked upon this at first with a
doubting eye, having expected the State University Railroad
Company to prepare all parts of the roadbed ready for the iron,
but they magnanimously waived the objection and finished the
trestling. The road has been a safe one, except in one winter,
when the settling of the track caused locomotives or cars occa-
sionally to leave the rails. Although some passengers were well
shaken up — in one instance a passenger car was completely
turned over, Dr. Winston for the fraction of a second standing
on his head — no lives were lost. The brakeman rejoiced at
being awarded $500 for an injury, without suit.
The road has been of great benefit to the University and the
town. The University could not possibly have increased so fast
without it and valuable factories and new buildings owe their
origin to its facilities.
The iron mine has not been successful. The expense of
transportation of the ore is too heavy to make its mining
profitable, and there is not fuel adjacent to it to enable it to be
248 History of University of North Carolina.
smelted on the spot. The market price of iron ore was high
when the road was being built, but fell soon after it was
finished.
It is a proof of the estimation of the citizens as to the value
of the road that when it was proposed to dispense with it in
order to obtain a trolley line to Durham, the proposal was de-
clined.
The original corporate name was "The Chapel Hill Iron
Mountain Railroad Company," but, under a clause in the char-
ter giving the privilege, the name was changed to "The State
University Railroad Company."
By agreement the expenditures incurred by the Richmond
and Danville Railroad Company .were to be charged to capital
stock. Owing to the number and depth of the ravines trestled,
the high price of rails, and other expenditures, when a settle-
ment was made that company was found to have the control-
ling interest. The organization of the State University Rail-
road Company is still kept up, but is under the control of the
Southern Railway Company.
When the grading was finished the ladies of the village gave
the employees and convicts an excellent dinner. The daughter
of Mrs. C. P. Spencer, Miss Julia J., now Mrs. James Lee
Love, was induced to come up from Raleigh, where she was
teaching in Peace Institute, in order to drive the last spike.
Speeches were made by President Battle, Mr. Jones Watson,
and others. The first speaker (Battle) ventured on a parody
of Daniel Webster on the Falls of Rochester. "Egypt has
her pyramids, Athens her Parthenon, Rome her Colisseum, but
neither Egypt, nor Athens, nor Rome in all their glory had a
railroad ten and two-fifths miles long." He also defended
President Swain from the charge of keeping the North Caro-
lina Railroad away from Chapel Hill. But Mr. Watson, who
followed, combated this defense vigorously, alleging that the
charge was true of his own knowledge.
President Battle recalled an incident strikingly illustrating
the rapid growth of the railroad system. Shortly after Presi-
dent Caldwell's return from Europe in 1825 he was called on
to address the citizens of Chapel Hill and vicinity on their
The University Railroad. 249
favorite subject, internal improvements. Among other things
he stated that he had seen a load as heavy as could be drawn
by four four-horse teams carried without horses, mules or
oxen at a speed of ten miles an hour. One of the auditors,
after the speaking was over, gave it as his opinion that Dr.
Caldwell was in his dotage — that the story was incredible.
The new railroad ran near the home of this man, who was
still living. Dr. Battle told of having once in the old days
consumed nine hours in the journey from Chapel Hill to
Raleigh.
Miss Spencer, whose love for our University, its village
and the lovely scenery around it, is equal to that of her mother,
tapped the last spike with becoming grace, and the hammer,
with gilded handle, especially prepared for the occasion, was
presented to her as a trophy. Afterward, when she moved to
Cambridge, she transferred it to the University Museum.
The following stirring song, the words written in honor of
the completion of the road, was sung:
A song, my boys, for Chapel Hill,
And for the N. C. U.,
And three times three the echoes thrill,
And keep them ringing, too.
Away with study, toil and care;
Our hearts, with pride elate,
Shall crown in joy without alloy
The day we celebrate.
Choktts :
Farewell, old wagon,
Jolting hack and phaeton,
Farewell forever,
We're going to take the train.
With hill and valley smiling 'round,
In vernal robe arrayed,
We are summoned by a grander sound
Than cannon ever made —
The whistle of the engine, boys;
The cars are here at last.
So, fellows, let us all rejoice,
For jolting days are past.
250 History of University of North Carolina.
Chorus :
Farewell forever,
Old road to Durham,
Farewell forever;
We'll travel now by train.
And all along the coming years
That time for us may fill,
We'll bless the men that brought the road
To dear old Chapel Hill.
So cheers and thanks we join to give
For what we all do see;
The railroad, boys, has reached up to
The University.
Chorus :
Three cheers for the whistle,
The grand old whistle,
The loud sounding whistle,
That blows for the train.
Now that the ending rail is laid,
The last hard spike is driven,
Some special tribute should be paid,
Some names with honor given.
Thank Battle, Jarvis, Andrews, Hoke,
Caldwell and Coley strong;
Holt, Raiford, Cooley, Witherspoon —
We'll bless them all in song.
Chorus :
Hurrah for the builders,
The brave hearted builders,
The hard working builders,
And the crew that run the train.
Two disasters occurred in the progress of the work. The
first was the shooting of a convict, a bad white man, near Uni-
versity Station. He entered into a conspiracy with the negroes
in his cabin, all agreeing to run on the march to their work,
when he gave the word. Either because their hearts failed
them or because they did not understand the signal he was the
solitary fugitive. Several of the guards nearest to him missed
their aim, but as he was entering; a forest about one hundred
The University Railroad. 251
yards off, one, who had been a Confederate soldier, fired and
killed him instantly. He was acquitted of the homicide as he
was in the performance of official duty.
The other was when a negro convict died soon after being
whipped by the railroad authorities. Those engaged in the
whipping were at first bound over by Judge Seymour to ap-
pear at the next term of the court on the charge of man-
slaughter. A coroner's jury, after hearing the evidence, found
that "the man, Fries, came to his death from gangrene, caused
by a combination of circumstances, among them his treatment
in the town of Winston prior to his being brought to the State
penitentiary, and his being compelled to work on the Univer-
sity railroad while in a depleted state, and that said death was
hastened by whipping, inflicted at the hands of Charles H.
Motz, instigated by John A. Holt." Of course Motz and Holt
contended that they were not physicians, that they had a right
to presume that the penitentiary authorities would not have
sent a diseased man to work on the road. They further
proved that the punishment by them was not unduly severe.
The Solicitor of the Circuit, Hon. Fred N. Strudwick, reviewed
the facts carefully, and decided that there was no evidence of a
legal crime and declined to send a bill to the Grand Jury. It is
well to add that Fries was not whipped until he had been caught
in two falsehoods as to what was the matter with him, and after
an attempt to escape ; moreover, that re reputable physician em-
ployed to examine him did not report that he had gangrene.
On the whole the convicts were humanely treated. They
had good quarters and good food. Visits were made to the
camps by experienced employers of labor, without notice to
the officers, and their report was very favorable. General
Hoke and myself repeatedly examined into the management
and saw nothing wrong. It seems to be certain that the whip-
ping of Fries was not such as would have been of permanent
injury to a healthy man, and that those who punished did not
know of his precarious condition. The action of the Solicitor
quieted all complaints.
At Commencement a special hour was set apart to celebrate
in Gerrard Hall the coming of the railroad to Chapel Hill.
252 History of University of North Carolina.
President Battle made the introductory speech. He called at-
tention to the letters from Professor Harris to Dr. Caldwell
informing him how he might travel from Princeton to Chapel
Hill in thirty days, if he should not be impeded by high waters.
Now the journey is made in less than twenty-four hours.
He then gave a history of the building of the road. Col.
John M. Robinson, president of the Seaboard Air Line, came
by invitation to Chapel Hill, but after examination declined
to aid a branch to his lines. Fortunately Col. A. B. Andrews
took a different view. He, Governor Jarvis, the University,
and the stockholders of the company who subscribed without
expectation of dividends, were efficient aids in procuring this
benefit to Chapel Hill and to the University, but in truth Gen.
R. F. Hoke is fons ct origo of the enterprise. He may be
called the Father of the State University Railroad Company.
I was his willing coadjutor.
A letter of Col. Thos. M. Holt was read expressing his love
for the University and gratification at being of service in
building the road. Governor Jarvis spoke, as he always does,
strongly and pointedly. He explained the great value of
branch lines and advocated the policy of employing convicts
in building them whenever needed. Mr. A. W. Allen, a stu-
dent, was then called on and made an admirable address.
Mr. Paul C. Cameron began with a gloomy description of
Chapel Hill when Col. W. L. Steele and he visited it as com-
mitteemen in 1875, before the reopening. There was no hotel
nor boarding house and he acknowledged with thanks the hos-
pitality of the citizens who entertained them. His speech was
eloquent and was much applauded. Mr. F. H. Busbee felici-
tated the citizens of Chapel Hill and friends of the University
on obtaining a railroad so cheaply, stating that the Richmond
and Danville Railroad Company had defrayed four-fifths of
the cost. Colonel Andrews and Colonel Buford, President of
the last named company, deserve our hearty thanks.
In response to the call of the President Col. W. L. Steele
made a short talk, full of humor and love of the University.
His description of Professor Manning and himself as sur-
vivors of the old Mound Builders created much merriment.
Dr. Deems Addresses Graduates. 253
Commencement of 1882.
The Commencement of 1882 began as usual with the meet-
ing of the Dialectic and Philanthropic Literary Societies held
in their halls, only members of the societies being admitted.
The chief business was short speeches by the old members and
presentation of prizes for victories in competitive speaking and
debates. On one occasion Rev. Dr. C- F. Deems was asked as
he entered the door to present a medal, the distinguished visi-
tor selected for the purpose finding it impossible to be present.
His short speech was wonderfully appropriate and in beautiful
language. After concluding, the good Doctor, one of the
kindest hearted of men, for the encouragement of his auditors
said, "Young men ! doubtless some of you, knowing that I had
no time for preparation, may give me credit for extraordinary
readiness. But the speech you have just heard is no exception
to the rule that labor is necessary to success in speaking as in
everything else. I have had that speech 'in soak' for fifteen
years and have been waiting for the opportunity of getting it
off. I am thus egotistical because I wish to encourage my
young friends. Some may possibly conclude that because they
can not discourse so elaborately they will not try at all."
Kesnich's First \ "irginia Regimental Band furnished delight-
ful music.
This eighty-seventh Commencement was the first when visi-
tors came to Chapel Hill by railway. The correspondent of the
New York Herald praises bountifully the beauty of the place
and the attractiveness of the lady visitors. Of the latter he
says, "The type of beauty is delicate and high bred. There is
a lack of color to a Northern critic, but the eyes are bright
and full of spirit, the forms well rounded, the hands and feet
wondrously small and beautiful. These bright and sparkling
creatures make the best wives and mothers in the country. I
remember to have heard an old Alabamian say twenty years
ago, 'Go to Xorth Carolina for a wife if you want a good
one.' "
At ten o'clock on Wednesday came an address before the two
societies bv Hon. Wm, M. Robbins, of Statesville, an orator of
254 History of University of North Carolina.
wide reputation in this State. His subject was in substance
"The world moves on and we must keep pace with it educa-
tionally, industrially, politically.''
At 4 p. m. was the Baccalaureate Sermon by Rev. J. G.
Armstrong, D.D., a distinguished Episcopal divine of Rich-
mond, Virginia. His text was from Ecclesiastes, "Strive for
the truth unto death, and the Lord God will fight for thee."
It was a powerful sermon, especially valuable to young men
seeking to build an upright character.
After supper the society representatives delivered original
addresses :
Livingston Vann on "Florida," of which State he was a
native.
John W. Hays, Jr., made a plea for "Freedom of Thought
and Discussion."
T. A. Wharton spoke on "The Peace Victories of the Nine-
teenth Century."
Thomas Radcliffe discussed "Labor Unions," having good
purpose but sometimes wrong.
J. T. Strayhorn discussed "Southern Development." Aboli-
tion of slavery will be succeeded by rapid increase of wealth.
T. A. Wharton's speech on "The Peace Victories of the
Nineteenth Century" was so cogent that a preacher of the
Society of Friends (Quakers) presented him with a Bible.
Mr. Strayhorn was decided to be the best speaker.
A graceful feature at the Commencement was the bringing
over of the Masons, then in attendance at their annual meet-
ing, by Messrs. Julian S. Carr and W. T. Blackwell, at their
own expense. Their presence was of great interest and value
to the institution. In addition to this liberality Mr. Carr do-
nated to the fund for rebuilding Person Hall, one-half of the
expenses of the expedition, including a handsome dinner to the
company. The cavalcade as the visitors entered and left the
Campus was quite imposing. .
The speeches by the graduates were confined to ten, chosen
by members of the Faculty :
Jonathan W. Jackson discussed "The Relation of Law to
Tustice in American Societv."
Commencement of 1882. 255
Allen T. Davidson, Jr., uttered a "Plea for Reform in Fed-
eral Taxation."
Emile A. de Schweinitz handled the subject of "Legislators
and Legislation."
David S. Kennedy's subject was "Modern Culture."
George G. Wilson gave his views of "The True Hero in the
Light of History." He eulogized Daniel Webster as entitled
to this distinction.
Frederick N. Skinner spoke on a very live subject, "The In-
ter-oceanic Canal." He preferred one through Lake Nica-
ragua.
Alexander W. McAlisters address was less practical, "The
Philosophy of American Civilization."
Charles W. Worth spoke on "The Relations of the Execu-
tive." He thought that his powers were becoming so wide-
spread as to be dangerous to liberty.
Albert Sidney Grandy's subject was "Civilization and Pov-
erty." He contended that poverty and crime go together.
Edwin Anderson Alderman spoke on "Corporate Power,"
predicting direful results if it should not be placed under legal
restraints.
The judges of the debate had no hesitation in giving the palm
to the last speaker.
In the afternoon the diplomas were delivered, medals
awarded, reports read and degrees announced.
The graduates, whose names will appear in the Appendix,
were :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 9
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 5
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) 2
Medals and prizes :
Geeek Medals. — William Donald Mclver, Samuel Bryant Tur-
rentine.
Representative Medal, foe Oeatoev. — John Thomas Strayhorn.
Mangum Medal. — Edwin Anderson Alderman.
Phillips Mathematical Peize. — James Lee Love.
First English Medal. — John Robert Herring, Jr.
Peize in Mateeia Medica. — Joshua Montgomery Reece.
Cheiiistet Medal. — Emile Alexander de Schweinitz.
256 History of University of North Carolina.
Honorary degrees were conferred upon the following :
Doctor of Laws. — Hon. Thomas L. Clingman, Representa-
tive and Senator in United States Congress, Brigadier-General
C. S. A. ; Hon. George Davis, Attorney-General C. S. A.
Doctor of Divinity. — Rev. Jethro Rumple, Presbyterian
minister, author of History of Rowan County; Rev. E.
Rockwell, minister of the Lutheran Church; Rev. Robert Bur-
well, Presbyterian minister, Principal of Advanced School for
Girls.
Master of Arts. — Rev. D. A. Long, Dr. Nelson M. Ferebee.
Master of Science. — A. R. Ledoux, Ph.D.
In 1882 the Chief Marshal was M. C. Millender. He had as
aids W. T. Dortch, J. A. Bryan, and C. W. Smedes from the
Philanthropic, and G. A. Mebane, J. F. Rogers, and Edmund
Ruffin from the Dialectic Society.
J. F. Wilkes was elected Chief Ball Manager by all the stu-
dents, and J. Wood, T. R. Ransom, P. Stamps, and J. R. Bea-
man were the submanagers.
The editors of the monthly for the ensuing year were
Thomas M. Vance, Turner A. Wharton, and Walter W. Van-
diver, of the Dialectic Society, and Frank S. Spruill, M. C.
Millender, and J. U. Newman, of the Philanthropic Society.
In August, 1882, the University had the misfortune to lose
by resignation, on account of sickness, Professor Carey Demp-
sey Grandy, an exceedingly promising man. He was trained
at the Virginia Military Institute and was one of its best stu-
dents. He was an excellent teacher, and with the highest vir-
tues as a man. His disease, tuberculosis, soon carried him to
his grave. His specialties were mathematics, engineering, and
physics. His chair at the time of his resignation was Natural
Philosophy and Engineering.
The changes in the Faculty were few : Professor W. C.
Kerr's lectureship was vacated by his death. Thomas Rad-
cliffe was appointed Assistant in the Chemical Laboratory. He
was a promising student in science, but was cut off in early
manhood.
Faculty Changes in 1882. 257
In place of Carey Dempsey Grandy, Professor of Natural
Philosophy and Engineering, the Board unanimously chose
Joshua Walker Gore, C.E. He was a native of Virginia,
about thirty years old, a graduate first of Richmond College.
He then gained the degree of Civil Engineer at the Uni-
versity of Virginia. He then won a Fellowship at Johns
Hopkins University by a paper on the cycloid, and spent two
years at that institution in the study of mathematics and allied
branches. He was for three years Professor of Physics, As-
tronomy, and Chemistry in a Baptist institution, the South-
western University of Tennessee. Wishing to confine his ener-
gies to mathematics, physics, and engineering he became an
assistant in the department of Mathematics in the University
of Virginia. He showed himself a skilled teacher. He was
endorsed as to scholarship and character by President Gilmer,
Professors Sylvester and Story of Johns Hopkins, by Colonel
Venable and Professors Peters, Cable, Mallet, Davis, and
Minor of the University of Virginia, and Professor Simon
Xewcomb of the United States Astronomical Observatory, in
addition to the authorities of Richmond College and the South-
western University of Tennessee. He proved to be in all re-
spects worthy of his endorsements — an excellent man and an
accomplished and useful officer.
Normal School of 1882.
The Normal School of 1882 began June 15 and ended July
20. President Battle had general charge and had the coopera-
tion of Superintendent Scarborough. The Superintendent of
the School was Hon. M. A. Newell, Superintendent of the City
Schools of Baltimore.
Prof. Edward P. Moses, Superintendent of the Graded Schools of
Goldsboro, was Assistant Superintendent, and teacher of Geography,
History, and Calisthenics.
Prof. N. Y. Gulley, Franklinton, .was teacher of Mathematics.
Prof. Eugene L. Harris: Penmanship and Drawing.
Prof. Robert P. Pell, Chapel Hill: Grammar and English Lit-
erature.
Prof. J. H. Rayhill, Illinois: Reading and Elocution.
Capt. John E. Dugger, Raleigh: Phonics.
17
258 History of University of North Carolina.
Dr. R. H. Lewis, Kinston: Physiology.
Prof. William B. Phillips, Chapel Hill: Physics.
Prof. E. H. Wilson, Chapel Hill: Vocal Music.
Prof. M. C. S. Noble, Wilmington: Algebra.
Miss Jane F. Long, Raleigh, trained the Model Class.
The number of students enrolled was 352, of whom 177 were
women. The number of counties represented was sixty-two.
There were many addresses by eminent men.
University Day.
University Day, October 12, 1882, was celebrated with due
dignity and to the gratification of a large audience. Rev. Mr.
Stone, of the Methodist Church, opened the exercises with
prayer. Then the Foundation hymn was sung by the Uni-
versity Glee Club to the air of "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, The
Boys Are Marching." The words were by Mr. A. D. Betts,
of the class, adapted from a similar hymn at Cornell University.
It is in honor of the University bell.
To the busy morning light,
To the slumbers of the night,
To the labors and the lessons of the hour,
With a ringing, rhythmic tone,
O'er hill and valley blown,
Come the voices, mellow voices, from the tower.
Chorus :
Cling, clang, cling!
The bell is ringing;
Hope and health its chimings tell, chimings tell!
O'er the halls of N. C. U.,
O'er the quiet village, too,
Come the voices, gentle voices, from the tower.
By our Otey's famed Retreat,
Where the loved and lovers meet;
By the laurel bank and glen of dreaming flower,
Where the groves are dark and grand,
And the oaks majestic stand,
Come the voices, mellow voices, from the tower.
Chorus — Cling, clang, cling, etc.
Celebration of University Day, 1882. 259
When the gentle hand that gave
Lies beneath the marble grave,
And the daisies weep with drippings of the shower,
Oh! believe me, brother dear,
In the future we shall hear
Guiding voices from our angel in the tower.
Chorus — Cling, clang, cling, etc.
Not afraid to dare and do,
Let us rouse ourselves anew,
With the knowledge that is victory and power;
And arrayed in every fight,
On the battle side of right,
Gather glory from our angel in the tower.
Chorus — Cling, clang, cling, etc.
President Battle continued his history of the foundation of
the University. He described the Committee on the Curricu-
lum, Rev. Dr. S. E. McCorkle, David Stone, Alfred Moore,
Samuel Ashe, John Hay, and Dr. Hugh Williamson. The cur-
riculum reported was a marked advance in the direction of in-
dustrial and scientific studies. He further sketched Dr. David
Ker, not given the office of President but that of Presiding
Professor, afterwards a Federal Judge in the Territory of Mis-
sissippi. It is possible that his throwing off his Presbyterian
principles and embracing the then fashionable infidel or athe-
istic notions commended him to Jefferson, who appointed him
on the recommendation of David Stone. He had no reputa-
tion as a lawyer before entering on his judgeship.
In accordance with custom short speeches were called for.
Talks in excellent taste were made by Hon. John Manning,
newly elected Professor of Law ; Rev. Dr. Jeffreys, of the Bap-
tist church ; Professors J. W. Gore and George T. Winston.
All of these speeches were full of spice, humor and good advice.
"Roaring Fountain" was a lovely spring, so called because
the water trickled into it with a gentle sound ! In old times it
was a favorite spot to which girls and boys were fond of walk-
ing. After spending much coin on an artesian well, Professor
Winston concluded to have a hvdraulic ram force water from
260 History of University of North Carolina.
the spring into his dwelling. After full trial it was given up
on account of the frequent stoppage in the flow of water and
its unpleasant Avarmth after reaching the summit of the hill.
Mrs. Spencer penned the following exulting ode, parodying an
old English song, Twickenham Ferry :
Oho ye ho! ho ye ho! who's for the Fountain?
(Well-a-day for the Ram and the Spring's flowing free.)
Come from the Valley, or come from the Mountain,
And 'tis but a step to felicitate me.
Oho ye ho! ho ye ho! who's for the Fountain?
(Well-a-day for the Ram and the Spring's flowing free.)
Fireflies are glancing and Naiads are dancing
With Fairies of the Glen and Dryads of the tree.
Oho ye ho! ho ye ho! who's for the Fountain?
(Well-a-day for the Ram and the Spring's flowing free.)
Oho, ho ye ho! Dame Nature willed it so,
That Science should be foiled and victory with me.
Oho ye no! ho ye ho! who's for the Fountain?
(Well-a-day for the Ram and the Spring's flowing free.)
In my heart is no malice, I fill a brimming chalice,
Wishing well, well, well, to the man who scorns me.
The following account of an abortive combat, found in a
number of the University Magazine of 1882, shows literary
skill superior to the ordinary attempts at humor.
"The thrilling encounter between a Fresh and a Junior last
month, which would have resulted in a sanguinary struggle but
for the exquisite calmness and extraordinary presence of mind
in one of the combatants in retreating promptly, has, we are
proud to say, been amicably adjusted. Though the retreat was
not one which, in strict military parlance, might be termed
orderly, yet it was conducted with such astounding celerity and
earnestness of purpose — two military requisites, that we are
surprised and delighted to see among us such undoubted mili-
tary genius in one so young."
The names of the parties to this Parthian duella have not
come down to us.
Miss Nancy Hilliard's Hotel. 261
The Eagle Hotel, so long under the efficient management of
the kindhearted old maid, Miss Nancy Hilliard, was after her
regime leased by Colonel Hugh B. Guthrie. He was a good,
kindly man and capable of an interesting and humorous
speech. He was afterwards postmaster of the village. His
wife, Miss Jane Cave, a descendant of "a land giver," Christo-
pher Barbee, left a son, John Guthrie, one of the very few of
the blood of the old donors of the site of the University resid-
ing in Chapel Hill. The hotel next went into the hands of
Mrs. Rowe, daughter of old Postmaster McDade, and after-
wards to John H. Watson, an excellent man, a Justice of the
Peace and often Mayor of the village. The property was then
bought by a New York lawyer, Wm. G. Peckham, and was
leased to W. W. Pickard for several years. Peckham sold it to
Prof. H. H. Williams. He transferred it to the University,
whose plans in regard to it have not yet been formed. At pres-
ent the buildings are used for dormitories and for table board.
Museum.
During this period the cabinets of the various departments
were brought together in a large hall on the third floor of the
north end of the Old East Building, once the Philanthropic
Library. The Geological and Mineralogical collection includes
the "Vienna Cabinet," which alone comprises over two thou-
sand specimens from many parts of the world. There is also
a large number of minerals, rocks and fossils, collected by the
late Dr. E. Emmons, when State Geologist, donated to the Uni-
versity by the State, and much material secured through the
energy of the State Geologist, Dr. W. C. Kerr, illustrating the
practical application of Geology to the arts, among others a
number of jars of pigments of various colors, donated by John
Lucas and Company, a set of North Carolina marls, samples
of mica, gold and other minerals, and of building stones found
within the State.
The Zoological Collection includes a cabinet of insects found
in the vicinity of Chapel Hill, containing rare species, reptiles
preserved in alcohol, and skins of species of birds found in and
near the village, collected by Professor Atkinson.
262 History of University of North Carolina.
In Botany, besides an herbarium of the local flora, there is a
fine set of native woods, and a large collection of seeds, grains
and fibres from many countries.
During this year the good order was broken by a ludicrous
combat which came near having a serious termination. A
student, A. B., had a grievance against another, C. D. A friend
of A. B., a meddlesome, Ransy Sniffle sort of a fellow, per-
suaded him to take a pistol and demand an apology. Learning
this C. D. borrowed a pistol. They met near a large oak tree,
when C. D. ran around the tree, shooting wildly and aimlessly
as he ran. Accidentally a bullet grazed A. B.'s neck; but the
wound was not dangerous. On examining into the matter the
Faculty concluded that the man most blamable was Ransy
Sniffle, and dismissed him ; that A. B. did not intend to use his
pistol, but only to intimidate, but that C. D. did not know this
and acted in self-defense, as he thought. The Faculty con-
cluded that the dismissal of Ransy was sufficient. C. D. was
an exceptionally faithful student.
During the year the University lost the services of one whose
name has long been a synonym for active and faithful dis-
charge of duty and for fearless and conscientious devotion to
right, our Bursar, Andrew Mickle. He removed to Texas to
live with his children and carried with him the love and admi-
ration of the entire Faculty and of the community. He has
since died.
Mr. Willie T. Patterson, an experienced bookkeeper, and of
rare business talent, entered on the duties of Bursar, with in-
telligent zeal which had no impairment by the loss of a leg at
Sharpsburg. Although a private in the Confederate Army he
was generally called Major Patterson.
The wish expressed by the Board that the Professors should,
as far as practicable, make addresses in different sections was
met by frequent excursions of the President in all parts of the
State, and by Professor Winston, who delivered speeches of
great force and eloquence in Oxford, Salem, Winston, Raleigh,
Teachers' Course Provided. 263
and at the Bingham School. He aroused the spirit of educa-
tion and gained favor to the University.
As there is much curiosity on the subject of the actions of
the Ku Klux Klan I state that there is no tradition of their
invading Chapel Hill except on one occasion. They rode in at
midnight, searched for a man who had criticized the organiza-
tion, but not finding them, they rode out again. They were
fully disguised.
Reports of President and Visiting Committee.
February 1, 1883, President Battle submitted his report.
The number of students had reached two hundred and five, the
largest since i860. The new members were ninety-seven in
number. The behavior had been very good, testified to by all
visitors to Chapel Hill. The standard of scholarship was con-
tinually raised and, as so many of our graduates became teach-
ers, the preparatory schools were being multiplied and their
pupils better taught. The society elections were still affected by
party spirit, resulting in occasional choice of inferior men and
arousing bad temper among the minority of the voters. The
health of the students had been, as usual, good. A gymnasium
was sadly needed for bad weather. Efforts were being made to
remedy this defect.
A department for the education of teachers was needed. The
University was already a potent influence among the educators
of the State. Four-fifths, thirteen, of the last graduating class
became teachers and their work was of the best. There was a
constant demand for others. The Faculty had arranged a
course to prepare young men for this important calling, em-
bracing all the studies required by law, with liberty to pursue
the other studies free of charge. By attending in vacation the
Summer Normal School the student could become an expert in
this grand profession. With $3,000 annually could be organ-
ized a permanent Normal Department.
Hon. Joseph J. Davis was chairman of the Visiting Com-
mittee in 1883, the other members being Col. Paul B. Means,
Rev. J. L. Stewart, Messrs. F. P. Johnston, and D. P. Mc-
Eachern. Their report was eminently favorable. "The Presi-
264 History of University of North Carolina.
dent and Faculty have discharged their duties faithfully and
are entitled to the confidence and commendation of the public
for the zeal and ability with which they have labored in the
interests of the University and the cause of education in the
State. The training and instruction has been as thorough and
complete as at any time in the history of the University. The
students and the Faculty seem inspired by love and devotion
to the University."
The committee recommended assistants in various depart-
ments as soon as the means of the institution would admit,
especially in that of Dr. Mangum, and a larger salary to the
Assistant in Chemistry. The class in Mathematics especially
needed division and an able instructor secured to aid the Pro-
fessor.
Commencement of 1883.
The Commencement of 1883 began on the 6th of June, the
annual meeting of the two societies having been on the evening
before. The visitors were struck with the orderly conduct of
the students. The press correspondent heard repeatedly the
remark, "Never has the University had better behaved stu-
dents." He gave much of the credit to the "Christian and
gentle bearing" of the officers.
The address before the two literary societies was by the
Hon. Thomas Courtland Manning, LL.D., Chief Justice of
Louisiana. He had been Brigadier-General C. S. A. and was
afterwards United States Minister to Mexico. He was an
alumnus of the University from Edenton in 1842-43, then set-
tled in Louisiana. He gave in a clear and comprehensive way
the requisites of success in a public career and was much ap-
plauded.
In the afternoon the Rev. Andrew Doz Hepburn, President
of Davidson College, once Professor of Rhetoric and Logic
in this University, delivered the Baccalaureate Sermon. He
was a strong and graceful orator and able preacher.
His text was "I have written unto you, young men, because
you are strong." Strength is necessary to persevere, to avoid
falling into temptation. * * * In the dark hours of wait-
The Commencement of 1883. 265
ing the decisive hours of the battle are fought. Manly strength
is shown in firmness and courage. * * * Blended courage
and moderation is the royal virtue. * * * Man lives to
work. Only God and the angels are created to look on. The
excellency of the thought and the language was equaled by the
appropriateness of the delivery.
At 8 p. m. representatives of the two societies delivered
original orations.
John Robert Herring, Jr., spoke on "The Mission of the
Jews in Europe."
James Alexander Bryan on "The Benefits of Organized
Charity."
John Charles Slocumb on "The Destiny of the Indians."
Jesse Bowden Hawes on "The Perils of Infidelity."
Wra. Theophilus Dortch, Jr., on "The Rebounds of Public
Sentiment."
Zebulon Baird YValser on "Shall the Land of Washington
Survive ?"
The Philanthropies were Herring, Bryan, and Dortch. The
Dialectics were Slocumb, Hawes. and Walser. The judges of
the contest decided in favor of Hawes as the best speaker.
The Commencement exercises opened with the following
hymn, led by the band :
Oh God, our fathers' God, whose care
"With blessings fill the circling year;
Remembering Thee in all our ways,
We bring our annual song of praise.
We bless Thy name, Almighty God,
Who giv'st us here a sure abode,
For all the favor Thou hast shown
The State and age we call our own.
Here Freedom spreads ber banner wide;
Here Learning and Religion guide,
By heavenly Truth's unfading ray,
Our youth in Wisdom's narrow way.
Eternal Source of every joy!
Well may Thy praise our lips employ;
And all our powers unite to bless
The Lord, our Strength and Righteousness.
266 History of University of North Carolina.
There were seven graduates selected by a committee of the
Faculty to deliver original orations. Henry Horace Williams
spoke on "England's Middle Class.''
Charles Urquhart Hill on "Influence of the Crusades on
Modern Civilization."
Preston Stamps on "The Final Verdict on the Character of
the Regulators."
Ira Thomas Turlington on "The Immoral Influence of our
Literature."
Charles Lucien Riddle on "The Priceless Heritage of our
English Blood."
Thomas Radcliffe on "The Ideals of the Great Civiliza-
tions."
Xuma Fletcher Heitman on "Liberty and Law in North
Carolina."
The judges gave their preference to Air. Heitman for the
Mangum Medal.
The degrees conferred were: Masters of Arts (A.M.) two,
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) eight, Bachelors of Philosophy
(Ph.B.) three, Bachelors of Science (B.S.) three, Bachelor of
Law ( B.L. ) one, a total of fifteen. (For names see Appendix.)
The following Honorary Degrees were conferred :
Doctor of Lai^s, LL.D. — Hon. John Manning, graduate of
1850, Professor of Law in this LJniversity, member of the
Convention of 1861, Representative in Congress, U. S. A.,
Code Commissioner. Rev. Albert Mica j ah Shipp, D.D., gradu-
ate of 1840, Professor of History in the University of North
Carolina, Professor of Theology and Dean of the Theological
Department, Vanderbilt Lmiversity, author. Rabbi S. Men-
delsohn, Wilmington, N. C, author of Jewish Jurisprudence
Dr. Henry E. Shepherd, President of College of Charleston,
Superintendent of City Schools of Baltimore, author of the
Life of Robert E. Lee and other works.
Doctor of Divinity, D.D. — Rev. J. E. C. Smedes, President
of the St. Augustine Normal School and Collegiate Institute.
Master of Arts. — Prof. Alexander Graham. Superintendent
of the Graded Schools of Fayetteville and then of Charlotte.
The Marshals performed their duties with great assiduity
The Commencement of 1883. 267
and grace. They were Missouri R. Hamer, of South Caro-
lina, Chief, and Assistants Tilman B. Cherry, James H. Bob-
bitt and Alexander C. Tate, and William H. McNeill, Silas
A. Holleman, and Samuel B. Turrentine. Of these Cherry,
Bobbitt and Tate were Philanthropies, and the others, includ-
ing the Chief, Dialectics.
Medals and prizes were awarded as follows :
Greek Medals. — Berrie Chandler Mclver, Solomon Cohen Weill.
Representative Medal. — Jesse Bowden Hawes.
Mangum Medal (Oratory). — Numa Fletcher Heitman.
Phillips Mathematical Prize. — Edward Daniel Monroe.
Worth Prize. — Numa Fletcher Heitman.
Chemistry Medal. — James Lee Love.
Materia Medica Prize. — James Clifford Perry.
The Class Day officers of the Senior Class of 1883 were
Henry Horace Williams, President ; Robert Percy Gray, Vice-
President; J. Urquhardt Newman, Orator; Thomas Radcliffe,
Prophet ; Numa Fletcher Heitman, Historian ; Edmund Ruffin,
Poet ; J. F. Wilkes, Marshal.
The tree selected for planting was the white pine. The fea-
ture of all the class smoking the Pipe of Peace under the Old
Poplar was introduced for the first time.
Normal School of 1883.
The University Normal School of 1883 was opened June
21 and closed July 26. President Battle had general charge
as before.
Prof. E. P. Moses was Superintendent and teacher of Arithmetic,
Prof. A. Leazer, of Mooresville: English Grammar.
Prof. A. Wilborn, Salisbury: Geography.
Prof. E. L. Harris: Penmanship and Drawing.
Prof. E. W. Kennedy, Durham: Algebra and Natural Philosophy.
Dr. R. H. Lewis, Kinston: Physiology and Hygiene.
Prof. James C. Meares, Raleigh: Vocal Music.
Capt. John E. Dugger, Rocky Mount: Phonics and Reading.
Prof. E. V. DeGraff, Paterson, N. J.: Lecturer on Science and Art
of Teaching.
Prof. George Little, Washington, D. C: Freehand Drawing in
Crayon and Charcoal.
268 History of University of North Carolina.
Mrs. Mary 0. Humphrey, Goldsboro: Teacher of Model Primary
Class.
Miss Lillie W. Long, Charlotte: French.
Miss Jane C. Wade, Monroe: Calisthenics.
Mrs. Charlotte D. Murrill, Lynchburg, Va.: Reading.
Mr. Willie T. Patterson, Chapel Hill, Business Agent.
Capt. John E. Dugger, Secretary.
There were:
Men 123
Women 194
Total 317
Children in Model School 29
The Bursar's Duties.
In June, 1883, the Executive Committee adopted fifteen rules
in regard to the Bursar's duties. Among others he was bound
to keep a list of the students, apply to them for University
dues, if the same have not been paid; if not paid notify parents
and guardians ; make monthly reports to the Faculty, oftener
if requested. He must furnish the Faculty once a year with
a list of all delinquents, shall have charge of the University
Grounds and Buildings, and keep from the Campus hogs and
cattle; shall keep the keys of the rooms and let the rooms to
students, requiring a written agreement to restore them in as
good condition as when taken possession of, shall keep the
buildings in good order, and exclude from the Campus all
idlers, loafers, vicious, immoral, and suspicious persons ; shall
keep the College servants to their work. If a student shall
fail to repair damages to his room, the Bursar must have the
repairs done at the student's expense. His office must be in
the University Buildings and his hours from 10 to 12 a. m.
and 3 to 5 p. m. He must give the new students information
concerning board, furniture, books, etc. It must be admitted
that this is a formidable burden put on an officer with $350
salary. As a matter of fact the Bursar was never physically
able to perform them all with equal fidelity.
President Battle resigned the Treasurership August 15,
1883, and W. L. Saunders was elected in his place.
Factionalism in the Societies. 269
The offices at Commencement and those in the societies were
as much prized apparently as those of President, Governors
and Judges in the larger world. Parties, called "factions,"
were formed and, soon after admission into the University, the
new men were pledged to vote with one or the other. Gen-
erally the fraternity men formed the bulk of one faction, some-
times, in the early days, occupying the South Building. In
the Philanthropic Society there were usually two factions, the
South Building and the East. In the Dialectic there were gen-
erally three, South, West and New West Buildings. Out-
siders could with difficulty understand the differences be-
tween them but to the students it was a serious reality. The
weakest would endeavor to hold the balance of power between
the other two. Now it sometimes happened that when the
election came, the members in the parties were equal or nearly
so. Then ensued angry discussions as to who were entitled
to vote. Proxies were allowed and it would be contended that
the man who gave the proxy was absent because he had "quit
college." Students were obliged to be in the University so
many weeks before joining the societies. It was contended
that this had not been complied with strictly. In truth the
technicalities brought forward would have done credit to a
criminal court.
In 1884 much bad feeling was engendered in the societies,
including charges of fraud and snap judgments. It caused a
secession of some good members of the Philanthropic Society,
and came near causing a similar secession from the Dialectic.
The cause of this secession is a good example of the per-
plexing questions that would come up for settlement. Two
students, belonging to the South Building party, although, as
was alleged, repeatedly invited to join the Philanthropic
Society, delayed doing so until the end of the term. With them
their party had the majority and could have elected their can-
didates ; without them the East Building party had the advan-
tage. Importuned by party friends they offered to join at the
last meeting of the term. The election was to take place at the
first meeting in January. Their opponents said, "You have re-
270 History of University of North Carolina.
fused to become members until the last meeting, you know
nothing of the workings of the society. You have no means of
knowing the merits of the candidates, having never heard them
debate, or perform other society duties. You wish to become
members merely to dictate the representatives of the society.
We who have borne the burden and heat of the day should not
be deprived of our victory by those coming in at the eleventh
hour, not to perform the duties of the society, because exer-
cises are all finished. Besides we are not preventing your join-
ing the society. We merely postpone it for two meetings."
As I am a member of the Dialectic Society I could not attend
the meeting of the other but I requested Professors Winston
and Alarming to do so, and if possible induce the seceders to
return. They found that nothing could be done. In the opin-
ion of the committee they did not much regard the severance
of their connection. The Faculty could do nothing. To have
forced them to reenter the society would have introduced a
discordant element which would have paralyzed its usefulness.
For many years it was the rule that all students should join
one or the other of the two literary societies. As the num-
bers increased it became necessary to excuse first the Seniors
and then the Juniors from regular attendance. This had the
effect of throwing the conduct of business into the hands of
inexperienced men. It also had the tendency of accustoming
the minds of students to seeing members enjoying the freedom
from society restraint. Then again the increase of the Law,
Medical, and Pharmacy departments and of the special scien-
tific schools, introduced a large number of students who would
have found it extremely irksome to be forced into the society
obligations. It is probable, too, that some fraternity men were
satisfied with their own meetings and desired to attend no
other.
From another point of view a change was deemed advisable.
The compulsory feature forced into the societies youths who
were reluctant and even hostile members. There was begun
disorder unknown in early days, such as applauding or hissing
speakers, which seriously affected the character of the bodies.
Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies. 271
Accordingly, in 1889, joining them was made voluntary and
they have been improved by it. The Faculty add to their dig-
nity by requiring that the representative speakers at Com-
mencement shall be chosen by them. They are now in good
condition. Their inter-society debates in public, and debates
with other institutions, their union in the procurement of star
entertainments, and their joint banquet at Commencements,
not to mention the opportunities for training in debate, and
the advice of old members, are powerful factors in keeping
up respectable numbers.
While the relations between the law students and the Uni-
versity were for some years only nominal, one of them was
allowed to have a room in the New East Building. One night
a company of young men, having acquired a small quantity
of lager beer, were desirous of imbibing it, without interrup-
tion by the society monitors or accidental visit of a Faculty
man. The law student kindly invited them to his more se-
questered apartment. When haled up for punishment he
pleaded that he was not amenable to the laws of the Univer-
sity. The Faculty concluded not to dismiss him but to put
him and all other law students occupying University buildings
under its jurisdiction. It was not long before the distinction
in discipline between the two classes of students was abol-
ished. It was also enacted that Law and Medical students
might compete for society honors, if they were regular mem-
bers and had ten hours a week in academic studies.
CHAPTER V.
State of the University in 1884.
The Visiting Committee of 1884 was^ large and composed
of able and practical men. At the head was Hon. A. Haywood
Merritt, who had served as State Senator from Chatham and
was an experienced and successful teacher. The other mem-
bers were Charles M. Cooke, afterwards Judge; Julian S.
Carr, a wealthy manufacturer ; D. P. McEachern, a noted
farmer and Member of the Legislature ; Col. Paul B. Means,
a prominent lawyer and Member of both branches of the
General Assembly; Hon. Benjamin F. Grady, an experi-
enced teacher and Member of Congress, and Rev. A. D. Betts,
D.D., a valued preacher of the Methodist Church. As one
of the accusations against the University at that time was that
it was under Episcopalian influence, I state that of the seven,
the Chairman and two others were Methodists, two were Pres-
byterians, another a Presbyterian by lineage, and one a promi-
nent Baptist, President of the Board of Trustees of Wake For-
est College. There was not one Episcopalian. As the report is
a true picture of the University I give much of it as written :
"The Constitution of the State is but the written expression
of the will of the people. Our fathers of the past century met
in Convention at Halifax, December 18, 1776, and declared
in the Constitution then adopted that schools shall be estab-
lished and all useful learning shall be duly promoted and en-
couraged in one or more Universities. This injunction has
been reaffirmed from time to time, and our present Constitu-
tion declares that 'religion, morality and knowledge being nec-
essarv to good government and the happiness of mankind,
schools and means of education shall be forever encouraged.'
The educational system of the State is but the outgrowth of
the will of the people. The University is placed at the head
of this system, and consequently belongs to the people; and
as it is from the people and for the people they have a right
Report on the University in 1884. 273
to know how their institution is conducted, and how far it is
carrying out the objects of its creation and meeting the just
expectations of the public.
the curricula.
"The range of studies is broad and comprehensive. There
are three regular curricula, each leading to a separate aca-
demic degree of equal dignity. The Classical Course is essen-
tially the old curriculum, and leads to the degree of A.B. The
Scientific Course includes all the studies of the Classical Course
except Latin and Greek, and for them it substitutes Agricul-
tural Chemistry, Natural History, Drawing, Bookkeeping and
additional studies in English ; it leads to the degree of B.S.
The Philosophical Course is a mean between the two other
courses. It includes either Latin or Greek at the option of the
student, and leads to the degree of Ph.B. In addition to these
three are a one year advanced course leading to the degrees
of A.M. and M.S.; and a two years course leading to the de-
gree of Ph.D. Young men are thus offered the means of a
broad and liberal culture, and at the same time they may con-
sult their tastes, talents, and future aims in life.
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION.
"We were greatly impressed with the enthusiasm of the
Faculty. There is a spirit of zeal and earnestness visible in
every recitation room that is truly refreshing. Instruction is
given from textbooks, by lectures, on the blackboard, and by
practical work in the laboratory, the field and the museum.
Every student is armed with tablet and pencil for notes, and
in the classics frequent compositions are required in the dif-
ferent languages. A great deal of writing is insisted on as
necessary to accuracy. The methods of instruction are thor-
oughly progressive.
THE PRACTICAL.
"We are glad to know that, while general and abstract prin-
ciples are thoroughly taught at the University, the application
of these principles to the common uses of life is not neglected.
Much of the teaching leads to practical results. The conditions
IS
274 History of University of North Carolina.
imposed by the Federal Government in the Land Scrip Grant
are met and the University is prepared to turn out men edu-
cated for the farm as well as the forum and the bench. Espe-
cial attention is given to the English language in all the de-
partments, from the beginning to the end of all the courses.
\\ "hen the student comes to the study of Botany his attention
is directed to the diseases of agricultural plants, such as smut,
rust, mildew, and the remedies and precautions against them ;
to forage plants, the improvement of lands, the germination
of seeds, and the influence of fertilizers on the growth of
plants. In Physiology and Zoology the student is taught the
anatomy of the common domestic animals, and their internal
organs are used to illustrate those of the human system. He
is taught the principles of breeding, feeding and improvement
of farm stock. He learns about food-fishes and their propa-
gation, injurious insects, vermin, and reptiles. In Geology the
student's attention is turned from the theoretical to such prac-
tical subjects as mines and how to mine coal, iron, gold, etc.,
the origin and varieties of soils, building stones, marls, and
phosphates and their uses in agriculture. The Natural History
Museum contains over three thousand specimens of rocks, ores,
and minerals, and a valuable and increasing collection of native
woods, botanical and zoological specimens illustrating the
fauna and flora of North Carolina. This department has two
laboratories, one for practical work in Geology and Miner-
alogy, the other for Zoology and Botany. Professor Holmes
presides with the vigor of youth and the skill and learning
of age. Professor Venable has charge of general Agricul-
tural and Analytical Chemistry. He is a valuable man, an
excellent instructor, and is fully up with the progress of the
age.
"Here the student is taught the analysis of soils, manures,
and ores, how to extract metals from ores, how glass, porce-
lain, and earthenware are manufactured, how leather is tanned,
how soap, sugar, ink, and matches are made, how calico is
printed, cloth dyed and bleached, woods preserved by paints,
and many other such practical things. The two laboratories
connected with this department are supplied with water, gas
Report on the University in 1884. 27S
and other appliances necessary to the successful prosecution of
scientific investigation. Professor Venable deserves special
mention for the elegant and valuable museum of chemical, in-
dustrial, and agricultural products which he has collected and
so handsomely arranged. In the department of Natural Phil-
osophy, presided over by Professor Gore, another young,
learned and efficient instructor, the student is enabled to gain
an intelligent understanding of the forces in nature from the
motions of the planets to the turning of a flutter-mill. The
skill and industry of the Professor in repairing the old appa-
ratus and the purchase of new enable him to make experiments
in the presence of the class which constitute an important and
impressive part of his instruction. He illustrates the move-
ments of the sidereal heavens, shows the application of elec-
tricity to the telegraph, telephone, etc. He explains the phe-
nomena of sound and the properties of light and heat. He also
teaches land surveying, plotting, leveling, laying out railroad
curves and switches, and all railroad work, to the point of
actual construction.
"The President teaches Constitutional, International, and
Business Law. This latter department embraces such legal
principles, civil and criminal, as are indispensable to a correct
transaction of the ordinary business of life. This feature is
believed to be peculiar to this institution. It is appreciated
by the students, is practical and praiseworthy.
"We might show how Professor Graves, thoroughly com-
petent and skilled as he is, comes down from Differential and
Integral Calculus and the theory of logarithms to the science
of accounts and practical bookkeeping; how that elegant classi-
cal scholar. Professor Hooper, and that earnest and excellent
teacher, Professor Winston, manage to give a practical turn
to all their teachings in the modern and ancient languages ;
and how well that faithful worker. Professor Mangum, leads
the student along the plains of higher English literature and
thence into the fields of moral science and Christian ethics.
But enough has been said to show that the teaching is not only
progressive and of wide range but eminently practical.
2j6 History of University of North Carolina.
"The diplomas of the University can be obtained only by
successful study. Strict accounts are kept of daily recitations,
followed by rigid and searching examinations. If certain real
attainments are not reached, the student is not permitted to
advance. The standard of scholarship is high.
discipline.
"Each student is required to attend three recitations a day,
and a strict accountability is demanded for absences. No in-
corrigibly idle or vicious student is permitted to remain in the
institution. The discipline is mild, firm, and successful.
MORALITY AND RELIGION.
"What moral and religious influences will surround his boy
when he shall go from home is a question of prime importance
to parents. It affords your committee sincere pleasure to as-
sure such parents that there is a very healthy moral and re-
ligious atmosphere at the University. We are assured of this
by personal observation of the students in the recitation rooms,
in their private apartments, in the Campus, at the meals, and
at their daily worship in the College Chapel, and we are con-
firmed in this belief by evidence from various and disinter-
ested sources. The Young Men's Christian Association meets
regularly in its well fitted hall in the South Building, and
the exercises are for the most part conducted by the students
themselves. On the Sabbath the village churches are open
to and attended by the students ; and each student is expected
to attend one of the four Bible classes, conducted by the Faculty
for their benefit. There is no such thing as 'deviling the
Faculty,' and 'paping,' or cheating on recitation or examina-
tion, is not tolerated by the students themselves. 'Hazing the
Fresh' is also under ban, by order of the Faculty and the joint
action of the two literary societies. A manly sense of honor
pervades the whole body of students. Instances of disorder
and violation of law occur sometimes, but they are rare. When
over two hundred young men are thrown together so inti-
mately, it were vain to expect perfect harmony at all times.
Report on the University in 1884. 277
An altercation occurred while your committee was on the Hill,
and we witnessed the prompt decision of the Faculty in dealing
with the offenders and punishing the offense. We note this
as an exception to the general rule of good behavior.
expenses.
"There is no attempt at display, and a spirit of economy is
visible in every direction. We are assured that the total ex-
penses for tuition, books, board, fuel, lights, and washing need
not exceed $200 per annum. Considering its advantages the
University is one of the very cheapest institutions in the land.
"The Constitution provides that the benefits of the Univer-
sity, as far as practicable, shall be extended to the youth of
the State free of expense for tuition. Therefore, under legis-
lative enactment, the University grants free tuition to one stu-
dent from each county. Forty counties are thus represented.
The Faculty, moreover, carrying out the spirit of the Consti-
tution, has dispensed charities with a liberal hand. Time is
allowed for the payment of tuition of young men of limited
means, and in some extraordinary cases the fees are altogether
remitted. Since 1875 about two hundred have been granted
free tuition, exclusive of county students. Three young men
are now enjoying the benefits of the scholarships established
by the late B. F. Moore ; and still further aiding in this direc-
tion is the Deems Fund. Through the munificence of Rev.
Dr. C. F. Deems and Mr. W. H. Vanderbilt, of New York,
a fund now amounting to about $12,000 has been placed at
the disposal of the Faculty to assist students by loans. It is
judiciously used, and many worthy young men are thus enabled
to secure a liberal education.
LITERARY SOCIETIES.
"The halls and library rooms of the Dialectic and Philan-
thropic Societies are commodious and elegantly furnished.
Thev contain perhaps the finest collection of portraits in the
South. Each librarv has about eight thousand volumes and
278 History of University of North Carolina.
an interesting cabinet of minerals and curiosities. These socie-
ties are held in affectionate remembrance by all their old mem-
bers. They, still in their dignity and glory, give practice to
young authors and orators, cherish an honorable rivalry, and
cultivate a literary taste. They exercise a wholesome influence
over the conduct of their members, and thus lighten for the
Faculty the burden of discipline.
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
"The University Library numbers nine thousand volumes
and two thousand pamphlets. Many of these books are ex-
ceedingly rare and valuable, but are so arranged as to be com-
paratively useless for consultation. Some of them are on
shelves twelve or fifteen feet from the floor. With nothing
but a frail ladder to aid one in reaching them, the sublime
ascent is likely to end in a ridiculous descent.
"For practical purposes these books might as well be with
Alexander Selkirk on the Island of Juan Fernandez — 'they are
out of humanity's reach.' Your committee earnestly urges
that alcoves be speedily fitted up, the books brought down from
their lofty heights, classified and arranged for use. We recom-
mend that an appropriation for this purpose by the Legisla-
ture be applied for and also for the binding of pamphlets and
the rebinding of valuable old volumes, and for the purchase
of some new scientific works. When this is done, but not till
then, will this library be worthy of Smith Hall and the Uni-
versity.
FURTHER NEEDS.
"Your committee is of opinion that the fees of the Professor
of Law (Mr. Manning) ought to be supplemented, that he be
made a regular member of the Faculty, and his full time be
required in the service of the Institution.
"The Medical Department seems to be less successful than
any other. We are assured of the ability and qualifications
of Dr. Harris, who has charge of this department; but, how-
ever great may be the facilities for study, the course does not
and can not now lead to a degree. Let a thoroughly organized
Medical School be established. If the means to do this are
Report on the University in 1884. 279
not within the reach of the Trustees (and we fear they are
not), let State aid be invoked. Let the Legislature be im-
pressed with the fact that it can be done with comparatively
little outlay ; that such a school would soon be self-supporting ;
that we can not afford to be outstripped by neighboring States ;
that the University has never been a burden on the State Treas-
ury; that our sister States grant much larger appropriations
to their educational centers than we do ; that twice as much
money is annually carried out of the State to Medical Colleges
as it would require to equip one for ourselves; and that we
owe it as a great patriotic duty to our State to provide this
additional educational advantage. Such an appeal, we think,
would not go unheeded.
"We congratulate the Trustees and the good people of the
State on the past glory of their University, its present useful-
ness, and its future prosperity ! With an able President at its
helm, who is so devoted to its interests that his life seems
bound up with that of the institution over which he presides ;
with a Faculty thoroughly competent, enthusiastic and skilled
in imparting knowledge, the prospects for success are most
flattering."
Commencement of 1884.
The Commencement of 1884 was one of extreme interest.
The number attending was large and included some of the
best men in the State, such as Governor Jarvis, Lieutenant-
Governor Robinson, who was a nephew of President Swain ;
Colonel Saunders, Secretary of State; Mr. Paul Cameron;
Col. W. L. Steele; Major (now Colonel) Bingham; Dr. Gris-
som, Superintendent of the State Hospital for the Insane ; Col.
A. B. Andrews, railroad magnate; Editors Ashe, Yates,
Daniels, and Page ; and Rev. Drs. Skinner and Wilson. Be-
sides these were merchants and farmers, teachers and preach-
ers, manufacturers and mechanics, and their wives, daughters
and friends, including a goodly array of alumni. Jupiter
Pluvius smiled benignantly. This was notable as the last time
when the Trustees and other dignitaries sat in the open space
in the irreverently named Bull Pen. The next Commencement
they were in the spacious Memorial Hall.
280 History of University of North Carolina.
What passed in the society halls Monday night was not
made public, but Dr. Hawthorne in his sermon praised a
speech he had heard in the Dialectic Society meeting. It tran-
spired, too, that when called on for a talk, among other topics
of good advice, he warned the members against bathos and
gave this specimen, said to be a part of a sermon on the miracle
of healing the Gergasene madman: "The sun was just il-
lumining the tops of the mountains, the company in reveren-
tial attitude was gathered around the Divine Healer, while
the man from whom the devil had been cast was worshipping
at His feet. All was calm and peaceful save where the fright-
ened swine leaped into the lake and on its placid surface could
be seen the twinkling of their curly tails as they dived for the
bottom."
On Tuesday afternoon the Senior Class Day exercises were
held in the Chapel, the class tree having been planted in the
early spring. Samuel M. Gattis narrated interestingly and
often humorously the history of the class. Jesse B. Hawes
delivered an oration of good sense and in good style. William
G. Randall was the Prophet, giving the fate of each member,
some in dark colors, but mostly absurd and humorous.
James Lee Love, the President of the Class, delivered
the parting address, full of wise counsel and feeling. At the
close was sung an ode written especially for the occasion by
Mrs. Cornelia Phillips Spencer, "whose pen in prose and poetry
has been ever ready to utter delicate sentiments and bright
thoughts and graceful words for the honor of North Caro-
lina."
HAIL AND FAREWELL.
Bright be the beams of this vernal morn,
Far hence, ye clouds, ye dark shadows borne;
Light are our hearts while pleasure has sway,
Classmates and comrades, honor our day;
Day that henceforth shall ever be bright,
Calling up memories of sweetness and light.
Gaily we sing,
Time's on the wing;
Hail, grove and dell,
Hail and farewell.
The Commencement of 1884. 281
Brothers, our tree will a symbol prove
Of faith, of hope, and of constant love;
Strong shall it grow, piercing the blue,
Drinking for ages sunlight and dew;
Thus may our life grow prosperously,
Deep in our hearts may its friendships be.
Ring bells and sing,
Time's on the wing;
Each well known dell,
Hail and farewell.
Swiftly will pass our youth's golden day;
Far up yon height lies our toilsome way;
Duty will summon, answer its call,
Courage within us and God over all.
Far from the Hill, but loving it still,
Clasp hands at parting with peace and good will.
Then let us sing,
Time's on the wing;
Tree, hill and dell,
Hail and farewell.
There came a telegram from Mr. Henry Watterson, the
well-known editor of the Louisville Journal, who had accepted
his election as orator by the Dialectic Society, announcing that
ill health prevented his fulfilling his engagement. The society
thereupon chose Col. Walter L. Steele to fill the vacancy. Al-
though he had only one day's notice, Colonel Steele made an
address of remarkable merit. His counsels were founded on
a text of the Book of Proverbs, "Remove not the old land-
marks." He insisted on the Latin maxim, Festina lente. He
urged economy in business, charity in politics, veracity in
morals, courtesy in manners, and the fear of God in religion.
It was the. universal opinion of the auditors that, while the
eminent Kentuckian may have spoken more eloquently, he
could not have excelled Colonel Steele in sound sense, embodied
in deeply interesting discourse.
At the conclusion of this address Hon. John Manning, at
the request of the grandsons of the late Gov. Jonathan Worth,
presented an oil portrait of the Governor to the University.
The short speech of Dr. Manning was truly eloquent and was
most gracefully delivered and with a peculiarly sonorous
282 History of University of North Carolina.
voice. I give one sentence : "Called by the voice of the people
of this State twice to the gubernatorial office, we all know
how nobly, strongly, grandly he bore himself in those worry-
ing, exciting, tempestuous years, and how firmly, plainly and
ably he contended for the liberties of the citizens against the
exercise of unwarranted power, though that power was clothed
with all the panoply of war, supported by the sheen of bayo-
nets under the banners of a victorious army." Dr. Manning
further stated that he was a Trustee of the University for
nearly thirty years, devoted to its interests and a strong ad-
vocate for higher education as well as improvement of the
public schools.
President Battle received the gift for the University, say-
ing, among other things, "I was thrown into intimate personal
and official relations with Gov. Jonathan Worth while he oc-
cupied the Executive chair. I freely say that I have never
known a more estimable man, or a more firm, prudent and
sagacious officer. He investigated all subjects with deliberate
care, he weighed all arguments with unprejudiced judgment;
he made his decisions without fear, favor or affection ; he
carried them into execution with a courage that knew no
faltering. No man had a harder task. No man could have
performed it with more thorough conscientiousness, more in-
telligent zeal, more determined nerve or a broader patriotism.
It was in the labors, the troubles, the torments of endeavoring
to uphold the civil over the military law that he broke down
a fine constitution. He died a martyr to his struggles to main-
tain constitutional liberty. Tn the name of the University I
thank the donors for this generous gift. It shall be placed
upon our walls as a monument of a most important epoch of
our history and as a perpetual incentive to our youth to imitate
what is brave and honorable and true."
Governor Jarvis, being called on, added his earnest testi-
mony to the real value of his predecessor's example of dili-
gence, integrity and independence. No such letter books, as
those which belong to Governor Worth's administration, are
in the Executive office. They set forth clearly the proper re-
lations between our State and our general government, and
The Commencement of 1884. 283
are marked by a very proper spirit of independence, breathing
all loyalty to law and order.
The portrait was then hung by the side of those of Davie,
"the Father of the University," and of Presidents Caldwell
and Swain.
On Wednesday afternoon came the sermon before the
graduating class by Rev. Dr. J. B. Hawthorne, of the First
Baptist Church of Richmond, Virginia. He discussed with
ability and clearness, and frequent bursts of eloquence, the
relation of the Christian pulpit to trade and politics, and the
other questions of the present day. The principles of the
Gospel, rightly applied, are sufficient for their solution. His
intonation and gesticulation were eminently appropriate and
matter and manner were a great intellectual and moral treat.
An admirer wrote, "It was simply grand — toweringly and mag-
nificently grand."
The night of Wednesday saw the friendly rivalry between
the venerable societies of the University. The following was
the program: Adolphus Hill Eller on "Servility in American
Politics" ; Heber Amos Latham on "What is the True Aris-
tocracy?"; Frank Fries Patterson on "Orators and Oratory of
America" ; Augustus White Long on "The Morals of Southern
Society" ; Oscar B. Eaton on "Popular Amusements" ; Edward
W. Pou, Jr., on "The Freedom of the Seas."
Of these Eller, Patterson and Eaton were Dialectics, the
others Philanthropies.
While all were creditable, the preference was given to Mr.
Long. Mr. Seymour W. Whiting presented to Mr. Latham
a handsome volume of Tennyson's Poems as a tribute of ad-
miration for his address.
The reporter criticised four of the six speeches of these rep-
resentatives, in that while they praised Southern manners and
morals, they were perhaps too depreciatory of the morals and
manners of other folks. "These young gentlemen," Dr. Skin-
ner remarked, "have just found out that we had a war. Massa-
chusetts may indeed be blameworthy, but is the rostrum of the
University the place for such criticism? It hardly gives the
institution credit for the cosmopolitan character that it really
284 History of University of North Carolina.
has." The declamation was, however, pronounced to be un-
commonly graceful and appropriate, and better results are
•obtained by allowing the young orators to express their own
ideas, and not restricting their tongues to speaking only what
is agreeable to all in the audience.
On Thursday the graduates spoke, Rev. Dr. Thomas E.
Skinner, of the Class of 1847, opening with prayer. The
speakers and their subjects were as follows:
Samuel Mallett Gattis, "A Dangerous Question" ; that is,
Mormonism.
Lee Martin Warlick, "The Race Problem in the United
States." The Caucasian must rule.
Thomas Richard Rouse, "North Carolina Since the War."
Our future is bright.
James Cole Roberts, "The Present Status and Influence of
Mohammedanism." It is losing its influence.
Missouri Robert Hamer, "Influence of the Legal Profes-
sion." Lawyers are at the head of great movements.
John Lemuel Borden, "The Virtues and Vices of the Press."
The greatest power in the land. Should be kept pure.
Julian Wood, "North Carolina for North Carolinians." We
have an excellent population. We wish no influx of for-
eigners.
Edward Daniel Monroe, an essay on "Science." Colonel
Steele, in awarding the Mangum Medal to another, said :
"This essayist exhibits a power of reasoning and analyzing
worthy of any man in the State."
Samuel Bryant Turrentine, "The Progress and Prospects of
Christian Missions." This is a great field for work. In it
women can do great good.
Jesse Bowden Hawes, "The Day and Its Demands." A
thoughtful dissertation on this subject of passing importance.
William George Randall, "North Carolina Folk Lore." A
humorous and able disquisition.
James Lee Love (Valedictorian), "The New North State."
He spoke gracefully and strongly of the causes transforming
the old into the new State.
Mr. Love was pronounced the best for general excellence
The Commencement of 1884. 285
in oratory and won the Mangum Medal. Besides the above,
eight members of the class were at their own request excused
from speaking. These were : Charles Taylor Alexander,
Andrew Jackson Harris, William Donald Mclver, George A.
Mebane, James Daniel [Miller, Thomas Samuel Osborne, John
Charles Slocum, and Benjamin Franklin White.
In the afternoon the reports were read. The degree of A.B.
was conferred on five graduates, that of Ph.D. on eleven.
The Classical Oration was won by Lee Martin Warlick ;
the Greek Medal for Scholarship by James R. Monroe,
Henry Wm. Rice, James Thomas, and Stephen Beauregard
Weeks ; that for Improvement by Joseph John Jenkins ; the
Phillips Mathematical Medal by Frank Milton Little : the
Worth Prize by Samuel Bryant Turrentine; the Chemistry
Medal by James Cole Roberts ; the Representative Medal for
Oratory by Augustus White Long. The best scholar in the
class was James Lee Love, and to him had been awarded the
Valedictory Oration.
Some of the graduates have attained distinction. Randall,
now dead, was a painter of merit; Turrentine, now a Doctor of
Divinity, is an honored Presiding Elder of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church ; Gattis has been Speaker of the House of Repre-
sentatives; Love has been an Instructor of Mathematics in
Harvard University and Superintendent of its Summer
School ; Miller is an able and useful Episcopal minister.
In 1884 the grades of the undergraduates were arranged as
follows : Those who obtained marks of 70 to 80 in all studies
were allowed to pass and the Seniors were granted diplomas.
The Seniors obtaining 80 to 90 obtained diplomas cum laude;
those from 90 to 95 magna cum laude; those who obtained
from 90 to 100, insigni cum lionorc. The student who ob-
tained the highest average of all, not less than 90, obtained the
Valedictory Oration. To him who should have the highest
mark, not less than 90, in the Classical Course, was awarded
the Classical Oration. The Philosophical and Scientific Ora-
tions were awarded to the best scholars in those courses, pro-
vided the marks averaged as high as 90. For speaking at Com-
mencement four Seniors were to be selected bv the Faculty
286 History of University of North Carolina.
after competition. Medical and Law students were not allowed
to compete.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) was con-
ferred on Gov. Thomas J. Jarvis, an officer of enlightened
views generally and an especial advocate of higher education ;
on Augustus S. Merrimon, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court,
a learned jurist; and on Dr. Edward Warren, Bey, who was,
during the Civil War, Surgeon-General of this State, then a
Professor in the Medical College of Baltimore, from which
he was appointed a surgeon on the staff of the Khedive of
Egypt, from whom he received the title of Bey. He was also
author of a book entitled "Experiences of a Physician in Three
Continents."
Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) was conferred upon Rev. N.
Collin Hughes, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, Principal
of a classical school of high standing at Chocowinity ; on Rev.
John S. Watkins, an eloquent Presbyterian divine, then of
Raleigh ; and on Rev. M. L. Wood, of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, President of Trinity College, of this State.
Governor Jarvis, in presenting diplomas to the graduating
class, made a speech whose eloquence was in an inverse ratio
to its length. Alluding feelingly to the fact that this was his
last duty as President of the Board of Trustees, as he would,
before the next Commencement, cease to be Governor, he
asked, "What constitutes the University? These spacious and
attractive grounds ? These magnificent trees ? These commo-
dious buildings? No! The University consists of the man-
hood of her sons ! You have a responsibility, young gentle-
men, that you could not escape if you would, for you are the
University and its destiny is largely in your hands. I feel
that this is in one way my valedictory. And although I may
not have the means or the opportunity to be here as frequently
as in the six years past, my interest in the institution shall not
wane."
President Battle paid a strong tribute to Governor Jarvis's
fidelity as Chairman of the Board. "To him we owe more
than to anv other man, our railroad, Memorial Hall, and pe-
cuniary aid in times of desperate need."
Faculty Changes in 1884. 287
The changes in the Faculty in i883-'84 were principally
among the Instructors and Assistants.
Prof. Joshua W. Gore, C.E., took charge of Natural Phil-
osophy and Engineering. Emile A. de Schweinitz, A.B., was
made Assistant in Chemistry and Mineralogy ; Albert L. Coble,
Assistant in Mathematics ; James Lee Love. Instructor in Eng-
lish; Berrie C. Mclver, Instructor in Greek; Benjamin F.
White, Instructor in Latin; Edward D. Monroe, Assistant
Librarian.
Normal School of 1884.
The Summer Normal School of the University in 1884 was
opened June 17th and closed July 17th.
The following is a list of the Faculty, Officers and Instruc-
tors :
Kemp P. Battle, LL.D.: President.
Prof. Julius S. Tomlinson, Superintendent of the Graded Schools
of Winston: Superintendent.
Prof. E. V. De Graff, Washington, D. C: Lecturer on Methods.
Prof. Alexander L. Phillips, Burgaw: Teacher of Geography.
Prof. T. J. Mitchell, Charlotte: Teacher of Arithmetic and Al-
gebra.
Prof. A. Leazar, Mooresville: Teacher of Grammar.
Prof. J. H. Meyers, New York: Teacher of Primary Work.
Prof. R. H. Lewis, Kinston: Teacher of Physiology and Hygiene.
Prof. F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill: Lecturer in Chemistry.
Prof. J. W. Gore, Chapel Hill: Lecturer on Natural Philosophy.
Prof. E. L. Harris, Raleigh: Teacher of Drawing and Penmanship.
Prof. H. E. Holt, Boston: Teacher of Music.
Prof. C. L. Wilson, Asheville: Teacher of Music.
Miss Boice, Philadelphia: Teacher of Reading.
Mrs. M. 0. Humphrey, Goldsboro: Teacher of Model and Principal
of Primary Class.
Mr. W. T. Patterson, Chapel Hill: Business Agent.
Rev. C. C. Newton, Chapel Hill: Secretary.
The enrollment was:
Men 167
Women 138
Total 305
Children in Model School 23
288 History of University of North Carolina.
This was the last of these schools. The average attendance
was about equally divided between men and women. The
largest number of counties represented at any one term was
sixty-two, but there was only a handful of counties that did not
send representatives during one or more of the eight terms.
As heretofore explained the University Normal School was the
fons et origo of the upward growth of the public schools of
the State. From it date most of the graded schools, and
although there are not many separate kindergarten establish-
ments among us, yet the principles of Froebel's teaching, in-
troduced by the University, are blessing the little children
under the guidance of numerous skilled instructors.
There grew up a demand from distant sections of the State
to inaugurate similar schools in their neighborhood, in order
to enable their citizens at less cost to reap the benefits. The
fund, $2,000 per annum, was equally divided by the General
Assembly, to be disbursed at four points selected by the Board
of Education. Hence Asheville, Newton, Elizabeth City for
some years had their yearly gatherings. It was inevitable that,
while the aggregate harvest was great, no one point could at-
tain the preeminence of the University Normal School.
The attendance on the various sessions of the University
Summer Normal School was as follows :
No. of Counties
Years. Pupils. Represented.
1877 235 42
1878 402 59
1879 290 54
1880 241 54
1881 338 62
1882 352 62
1883 317
1884 305
Total 2,480
Of course many attended more than one session and are
counted twice — very few more than twice. The numbers of
counties represented for the last two years were not recorded
but they were about the same as in 1882.
Status of Education in North Carolina. 289
After serving as Superintendent of the Summer Normal
School, the able and accomplished scholar, Dr. Henry E. Shep-
herd, accepted the Presidency of the College of Charleston.
From that city he wrote to the Chronicle, a newspaper of
Raleigh, his observations on the status of education in North
Carolina. He was surprised as well as gratified to note the
progress which had been made.
"A new dispensation has arisen at Chapel Hill. The Uni-
versity is beginning to assume a scholarly air, for the most
part alien to its ante-bellum era. Its teaching is imbued with
the critical spirit o'f modern science and philology. Original
investigation is at last obtaining a recognized place in its
scheme of work. It may be affirmed without exaggeration
that the quality of work in most departments is immensely in
advance of that which prevailed during its ancient days. The
marked contrast between the Chapel Hill of i86o-'6i and the
Chapel Hill of 1884, is one of the notable and distinctive fea-
tures in the intellectual development of North Carolina."
Dr. Shepherd then shows a "conspicuous defect in the pres-
ent organization of the University, in the want of a Professor-
ship of the English Language and Literature. This proceeds
from no failure on the part of the esteemed Professor in
charge, whose affectionate assiduity, invincible energy, and
consecration to his work" are well known. Dr. Shepherd then
states, what the authorities of the University were painfully
cognizant of, and remedied as soon as more money was voted
them, that Dr. Mangum was grievously overburdened. What
he hoped for, the creation of a specific Professorship of Eng-
lish, not a mere annex to some favored department, would
tend to elevate the institution to a far higher rank in the world
of critical scholarship, than it had thus far attained.
Breaches of Discipline Under Dr. Battle.
As has been said, there was a complete change in the exer-
cise of discipline of the University. No restrictions on the
movements of students within Chapel Hill were enforced. The
old plan of all reciting at the same hour was necessarily abol-
ished, and recitations were going on at all hours from break-
19
290 History of University of North Carolina.
fast to dinner, and laboratory work in the afternoon. As the
students were not all in their rooms at the same time the old
nuisance of shouting at objects and persons passing by was
nonexistent.
On one occasion President Battle heard of a number of stu-
dents behaving in a boisterous manner in Durham, as they
were coming to Chapel Hill. Of course the malevolent said
that they were intoxicated, so he summoned them before him.
They stood up solemnly in a line. "Gentlemen," said the Presi-
dent, "I am grieved to hear that you have been on a bender
in Durham." One of them, very much frightened, leaped for-
ward in his earnestness and blurted out, "It's a mighty little
bender I have been on." It was very comical. The President
soon found that there had been nothing but boyish exuberance
and closed the incident with a caution. One of them, now
a great educational dignitary, Alderman, composed a song
with the refrain, "It's a mighty little bender I've been on,"
which was sung by the students for many months. I regret its
loss.
Another case illustrates my manner with the students. The
fact of a student going to Pittsboro without my permission
came to my ears. He was of exemplary conduct and I knew
that his father allowed him to ride twenty or thirty miles or
any other distance whenever he chose. With him a trip of
seventeen miles to Pittsboro without permission was a malum
prohibitum and not a malum in se. So my summons to him
to appear before me was a mere matter of form. I began the
interview, "Mr. Braswell, I understand that you have been to
Pittsboro." He replied, "Well, Mr. President, I will tell you
how it was. I learned that there was to be a hanging in Pitts-
boro. I thought that I would never have another chance to
witness one. I knew that my father would not care. If I
asked your permission you would refuse because I did not
have permission from home and there was not time to obtain
it. So I concluded to risk it." "Well, sir," said I, "consider
yourself well scolded and tell me all about the hanging."
I add that this kindly manner of treatment of students by no
Breaches of Discipline, 1880- 1890. 291
means led to greater misconduct but seemed to have a healthy
effect.
Among the most annoying incidents of University life have
been the pledges taken by the students, sometimes in matters in
which they were exclusively concerned, sometimes in matters
of University discipline. As a rule the public opinion of the
students holds them as irrevocable, so that, for example, if A
pledges himself to vote for B, he continues to be bound to give
the vote although for some reason he concludes that he ought
to support some other person. The following episode illustrates
the difficulty and folly of these engagements.
As an examination of a class in Mathematics in the latter
part of May was nearly due, members of the class approached
their Professor, who was an assistant only, with the object
of "pumping" him in regard to their prospects of success.
They first asked for their term standing, which was given.
They then learned his system of marking the examination
papers, and, as they understood him, it was impossible to pass
without obtaining an abnormally high mark. There was con-
sternation in the class so great that some of the less diligent
scholars drew up stipulations that they would not be examined
by this Professor. There were statements in the paper founded
on mistake, but still every member of the class signed it and
agreed not to withdraw unless by unanimous consent. Their
object was to be examined by the Senior Professor.
On inquiring into the facts the Faculty found that the Pro-
fessor had been misunderstood and the paper had been signed
under a misapprehension. The class was summoned before
them and, after hearing their explanation, were told that they
had committed a breach of the laws by entering into a con-
spiracy not to perform a University duty but that the Faculty
were disposed to be lenient if they would retrace their steps.
The Professor involved made such an explanation as was
satisfactory to the students. The leaders of the class admitted
that they had signed inadvertently and would be glad to be
released and would withdraw their names if it were not for
the unanimous consent clause. This consent could not well
be obtained because one of the signers had left the Hill to
292 History of University of North Carolina.
visit Bingham School. It was suggested that the signatures
were obtained on a misstatement of facts, and moreover the
signers agreed to do an unlawful act, that is, to abstain from
performing a duty assigned by lawful authority, and hence
were not bound. But law was not considered by students as
binding as a pledge. The knot was cut by obtaining the con-
sent of the absent one by telegraph and "all was serene." On
an inspection of the signed paper it appeared that there were
the names of some who were not at all interested because the
examination in question was not in their course, yet their con-
sent was needed to cancel or modify the pledge. In other
words, orderly, hightoned students, successful in their studies,
put themselves into the power not only of the careless, un-
ambitious pupils, but even of men not in the class at all.
This is, I think, the only conspiracy against a law of the
University that I have known since the reopening. It ended
so ridiculously that it will hardly be repeated.
The practical jokes mentioned in my first volume were con-
tinued, though seldom. One was managed so adroitly as to
deceive President Battle. A mock furious quarrel was car-
ried on in presence of a student, who fully believed that a
fight in the woods with pistols was imminent. He was so
frightened that he invoked the President's aid to prevent
slaughter. The President repaired to the spot, ascertained that
the affair was a hoax, but thought it best to put a stop to this
playing with firearms. One of the combatants lay on the
ground feigning death, but the sudden resurrection and rapid
running away of the corpse when the President approached was
amusing. He caught the other combatant and sequestered his
pistol for the term.
Afterwards a similar trick was attempted. The only person
deceived was the Episcopal minister, who made a fruitless
journey at 10 o'clock at night to the "Trysting Poplar" in Bat-
tle Park.
A college president has all sorts of trials and often has to
make up his mind as to what course to pursue unaided by any
precedent. One morning while recitations were going on I
was shocked by the loud ringing of the bell. Inquiring into it
Breaches of Discipline, 1880-1890. 293
I found that a very athletic and bright-minded student had
become really insane. He was just then calling a meeting of
the Dialectic Society in order to send delegates to an imaginary
convention to be held in Raleigh to raise money for the Uni-
versity. I instructed four of his friends to provide cords, to
be used in confining his limbs if absolutely necessary only, and
ordered a carriage to be at the door. I then provided myself
with a blank telegraphic paper and repaired to the Dialectic
Hall. He was in the presidential chair. Instead of his ordi-
nary dignified conduct he was indulging in profane language,
totally contrary to his normal habit. I arose with the fictitious
telegram in my hand and gravely said, "Mr. President, I am
told that a meeting is to be held in Raleigh this afternoon in
the interests of the University. I move that you, Mr. Presi-
dent, and Messrs. Dockery and three others be a committee
to represent this society, and as you are interested, I put the
motion myself." The motion was carried of course and before
his mind had time to go off on another tack we had him in a
carriage surrounded by his four friends. I telegraphed the
Superintendent of the Hospital for the Insane, to meet him at
the Raleigh station and he was lodged in the Asylum without
trouble. But for the ruse I employed it would probably have
been necessary to bind him hand and foot, and the injury to
his brain from the fury into which this would have thrown
him might have been a permanent injury. He recovered from
this attack.
One Saturday night a half dozen students concluded to
bring back old customs. A venerable gentleman by invitation
had made an address before the University. Even while he
was speaking a mock alarm of fire was made which created
some disturbance. After the exercises were over there was
continuous bell ringing, explosions of gunpowder and shouting
for hours. I sent word to the perpetrators and politely sug-
gested that it was not right to disturb the rest of an aged guest.
For the only time in my presidency the request was unheeded.
I retired to my bed as usual but could not sleep. At three
o'clock my patience was exhausted. I went to the buildings
and recognized three of the rioters. I found that they had led
294 History of University of North Carolina.
and pushed a cow up to the third story of the South Building,
on which was the belfry, and tied her horns to the bell rope.*
The next day I had the ringleader before the Faculty. As
in addition to the present offense, he had been neglecting his
studies, an order was made that his father should withdraw
him. A letter containing this sentence was actually mailed. I
announced that the two other known offenders would be called
up next day. Seeing that we were in earnest there was great
consternation among the rioters, who did not know how many
I had caught. One of the best students, now a United States
Marshal, called on me to know what could be done to stop the
prosecution. I said, "Mr. Dockery, if the gentlemen engaged
in this business will authorize you to say that they will quit this
rowdy behavior I think that the Faculty will grant a general
amnesty." He went off to consult the offenders and I with-
drew the letter of recall from the postofhce. In about an hour
he and Z. B. Walser, also an exemplary student, returned and
reported that the compromise was accepted. This ended the
matter. There was some reluctance in giving the promise,
which, by the way. was faithfully kept, not because there was
any wish to continue this disorderly conduct, but simply from
the uncomfortable feeling of being under a pledge. This feel-
ing should be fostered, rather than by too frequent pledges
impair their efficacy. Indeed the Faculty never proposed them,
but sometimes accepted them when voluntarily offered.
The practice of hazing gave much difficulty. It was at first
sparingly done, but was revived by the Sophomores gradually
learning the old customs. Even grave alumni at Commence-
ment took a pride in narrating what was done in their day.
The practice was popularized by the influx of boys from schools
where hazing prevailed. There were two kinds, one for cause,
where the manners of a Freshman were peculiarly obnoxious,
and the other of all the Freshmen, well-behaved or not. The
first was most severe and usually attended with some violence,
the blacking being of the entire person. The other ranged from
blacking the face down to compulsory singing and declama-
*As there may be curiosity as to the behavior of a cow in such circumstances, I write
that this particular cow was peacefully chewing her cud and not pulling the bell rope at all.
Breaches of Discipline, 1880-1890. 295
tions. Occasionally the Freshmen were enticed into the forest
at night on an alleged "snipe hunting" expedition and then
abandoned in the darkness. Another form of hazing was "trot-
ting," that is, compulsory running between two Sophs, each
holding the arm of the Freshman. When the escorts became
tired others would take their places. A student from the Indian
Territory, one-fourth Indian, introduced a cowboy form of
hazing which the good sense of the students caused them to
abandon after one trial, as too dangerous. This was fastening
by night a bull yearling by the horns to a tree with a rope thirty
feet long, the Freshman being mounted upon him. Then the bul-
lock was lashed into a run, tumbling over with his rider when
he got to the end of his tether. A Freshman, now a learned
Doctor of Divinity, received this treatment. His mentioning it
in a letter to his father provoked a furious letter to me. "Bet-
ter for the University to be buried in the earth than to be con-
tinued with such outrages." I sought an interview with the
boy. He admitted the truth of the story, said that he was
thrown high into the air and came down with such force as to
"knock the breath out of his body."' A tall Soph came up,
put his hand into his bosom and said, "Freshman, are you
dead?" The reply was, "Yes, I am killed." The Soph re-
plied, "Freshman, you are lying; you will be all right in a
minute." He was a plucky fellow. He said to me, "Father is
making too much of this. Please let it drop."
I thought at one time that I had "bagged game." While I
was admiring the perfect quiet of the dormitories a student,
usually orderly, afterwards a Representative in the Federal
Congress, stepped out of his room and shouted, "Strick! have
you got that bull ready?" I astonished him by stepping up at
once, but found that he was joking. "Strick" was not even a
student, only a visitor on his way to Philadelphia to attend
Medical Lectures.
One night soon after the beginning of the session I heard
sounds which clearly showed that hazing was going on. I at
once went to the scene of the operations and caught three of
the guilty ones. They were duly dismissed from the Univer-
sitv. Soon I was visited bv them and their friends seeking
296 History of University of North Carolina.
grounds for their reinstatement. The practice of hazing, being
mostly in secret, is most difficult to suppress. When I was a
Tutor in the University, i850-'54, the two literary societies
very effectually controlled their members. In view of these
facts I told the young men that, if the two societies would enter
into an agreement to punish hazing by adequate fines or by ex-
pulsion, I would advocate the rescinding of the decree of dis-
missal. This was done with excellent effect. There was no
hazing for four or five years, but in the course of time, when
an entirely new body of members came in, the bargain was for-
gotten and the law became practically obsolete.
I appealed to the power of the societies in another instance
and with still greater success. Two students ordered by ex-
press a large quantity of lager beer for the purpose of giving
an election treat. They forgot that the express book is sent to
all receivers of packages and is practically a public document.
The practice of treating to alcoholic beverages in order to get
votes and afterwards to celebrate the triumph of those elected,
was extremely pernicious in the old University. It led to loss
of study, disorder, and drunkenness. When the dismissed stu-
dents applied for restoration, with the consent of the Faculty
I granted it on the condition that the societies would abolish
treating. This was done and the law has been observed well.
One of the young men involved is distinguished in political life
and a warm friend of his Alma Mater.
A peculiar hazing case occurred during this term. A Junior
agreed in writing to vote for certain candidates. In other
words he became a member of their "faction." He changed his
mind, ceased to be a member of that party and joined another.
This was regarded as "rank treason" and to be avenged. Some
eight or ten went to his room when he and his roommate were
asleep and gave him what was called "a good blacking." His
roommate was of great spirit and physical strength and would
have given the hazers trouble if he had not been overpowered
before awaking.
The Faculty learned their names, and as it was not an ordi-
nary case of hazing, being a punishment of a Junior for fancied
injury, and as nearly all were very good students, they gave
Breaches of Discipline, 1880-1890. 297
them the option of pledging themselves not to engage in such
work again or leaving the institution. They all signed the
pledge, though some reluctantly. The roommate provided him-
self with a pistol, avowing his intention of shooting any one
who would renew the assault. I sent for him and told him
plainly the consequence of such action, i. e., he would put to
death a fellow being for so trivial an offense as rubbing a little
lampblack on another ; second, he would inflict an awful pain
on the father, mother, and other relatives of himself and his
victim ; third, that he would go through life a marked man, per-
haps always afflicted with remorse for the act; fourth, that he
would have to stand trial in court and must heavily fee a law-
yer, even if not convicted; and fifth, that his education would
be interrupted, that the sums thus far spent on it by parents,
who, I knew, could hardly spare them, would be mostly wasted.
Lastly, as he was a member of the church, I brought him face
to face with the commandment, "Thou shalt not kill." He was
much affected, even to tears, and readily placed his pistol in my
custody until the end of the session. It was ludicrously small.
It was not impossible for a bullet from it to kill, but it was
improbable. Certainly it could not, as a rule, have prevented
one from committing much violence after receiving its bullet.
There have been two cases of shooting in consequence of
hazing. In one a Freshman of rather singular temperament
and manners was walking in the Campus after night. It was
quite dark and a Sophomore conceived the idea that it would
be fun to jump from behind a tree and frighten him. Startled
by the sudden movement the Freshman fired. It was generally
thought that he did not know that he was shooting a student.
The joker was severely wounded, but recovered. The Fresh-
man voluntarily left the University.
In another case the Freshman gave notice that he would not
submit to hazing — that he would shoot if necessary to prevent
it. Hearing of the coming of a blacking party he not only
locked but barricaded his door and prepared his pistol. When
the crowd came he fired through a lower panel of the door, as
he was unwilling to kill. The ball entered the leg of one. who
declared that he was a mere bvstander, who "had come to see
298 History of University of North Carolina.
the fun." The crowd then left, I think not because they were
more cowardly than others, but, because If a fight should ensue
they would be detected and mercilessly dismissed from the Uni-
versity. In this case the man who fired was applauded ; the
man wounded was ordered home. The Faculty did not believe
his story, but even if true he was an accessory — an aider and
abettor.
It is commonly said that, just as a man can keep an intruder
out of his dwelling house by force, even to the extent of taking
his life, so a Freshman would be excusable for killing the Soph
who breaks into his room in order to haze him. I doubt if
this is good law. The Freshman knows that the intruder in-
tends only boyish sport and it is awful doctrine, though we
hear it often, even from the lips of thoughtful and high prin-
cipled men, that the aggressor may be slain to prevent a mere
prank which causes only temporary inconvenience. Death is
too terrible a penalty for such an offense. It inflicts deepest
suffering to the family of the slain. It is altogether probable
that the whole course of life of the destroyer would be haunted
by remorse for his fatal act, whereas in a very short while the
memory of his hazing would pass away or even be a source of
merriment. Some of the most dignified upper classmen have
suffered the temporary annoyance and are none the worse for
it. Possibly a jury might not convict the offender, but that does
not prove that the law would excuse the slaying.
Professor Gore and I were unmistakably circumvented on
one occasion. He was Dean and was aiding in the discipline.
The bell was rung furiously in the daytime while recitations
were going on. We both repaired to the belfry, then in the
attic of the South Building. The ringing ceased but the ringers
could nowhere be seen. It was afterwards found that an open-
ing had been made through the ceiling of the students' room
beneath and the escape was by that route. There was no fur-
ther annoyance. Probably the fright caused by being so near
detection destroyed the fun of ringing. After the fastening
of the cow to the bellrope, heretofore narrated, there has been
very little, if any, ringing of the bell and none for the purpose
of annoying the Faculty.
Breaches of Discipline, 1880-1890. 299
The Faculty do not turn out to pursue the offenders, and for
this reason the fun of making the noise is destroyed. The chief
enjoyment in old times came from the knowledge that the
Faculty were teased. The sport of the consequent race in the
dark and danger of being caught was great fun. Stories were
told with glee among the students and the ladies they visited
listened with interest and applause. One, being pursued to the
top of the South Building, lay undetected in foolhardy peril on
the very edge of the eaves. Another climbed like a squirrel
down the lightning rod. Another beat a Professor in a fair
foot race, leaped over the stone wall and escaped. Another
Professor, running in the dark, fell headlong, unmindful of a
.projecting root, while the lucky fugitive laughed at his mishap.
A student closely pursued rushed into his bed, full dressed, and
successfully imitated the deep breathing of an innocent sleeper.
Fights were not common, yet I was greatly startled at one
conflict in my day. I had dismissed my class when I heard a
shot underneath my window. I hurried down and saw a stu-
dent on the ground and two others forcibly holding him. I
found that they were taking away his weapon. The other an-
tagonist was being held by the arms. It seems that he con-
tended that he had been cheated by his antagonist in an election
question and was determined to inflict punishment for the
offense. In order to end the matter and also to prevent the
parties being hauled to Orange Superior Court, I had them go
before the Mayor of Chapel Hill and submit that they were
guilty. The Mayor bound them over to keep the peace and in-
flicted a small fine on each and the case ended.
The rule of law is that when deadly weapons are used the
case comes under the jurisdiction of the Superior Court. But
the officers of the town of Chapel Hill generally carry out the
wishes of the President of the University in regard to offenses
of the students, and in this case the witnesses believed that the
weapon was not loaded with lead. Having only a powder load
it could not be called a "deadly weapon."
In this year a student came to the University under the influ-
ence of an intoxicant. He was refused permission to register.
Twelve of his friends of their own motion proposed to the
300 History of University of North Carolina.
Faculty that they would sign a pledge not to drink any intoxi-
cating liquor while at the University if their friend should be
allowed to register. The offer was promptly declined, where-
upon twenty-four repeated the offer. Their spokesman said,
"Gentlemen, we offer the pledge, not of temperance men but of
drinking men, that is of men who have no objection to taking a
drink occasionally. In truth if you accept this offer we believe
that there will be no drinking as long as the signers shall be in
the institution. Of course, the applicant for registration will
sign the pledge with the others."
There was much division in the Faculty on this question.
Seven of us, a majority, took the ground that the offer should
be accepted. Three voted against it and three were silent.
One of the opponents felt so strongly on the subject that he
asked and obtained leave to enter a protest against the action
of the majority. His points were, First, That the system of
pledging had been carried to such excess as to injure the influ-
ence of the Faculty. This was denied by the majority. There
had been little pledging, and the influence of the Faculty was
not at all impaired. The offer came from the students, the
Faculty not having suggested it.
The pledges were faithfully kept. The guilty man, the only
child of a widow, was kept from ardent spirits for several years,
whereas if he had been turned away he might have been ruined,
and two dozen others were by their own actions and from loyal
friendship compelled to absolute sobriety. The students gen-
erally, who did not sign the pledge, were during the period of
abstinence exceptionally free from dissipation.
The second objection of the protest was, "That it is against
the true interest of the University to have law keepers bound
by the law breakers." This is begging the question and is de-
nied by the majority. The law^ keepers were nearly all temper-
ance men. The pledged men were almost the only non-temper-
ance men. It was the true interest of the University to banish
drinking from the Campus. It was the true interest to have
the students happy, that they should realize that they had the
sympathy of the Faculty. The rejection of one man would
have been a small deterrent for his friends, irritated by the re-
Breaches of Discipline, 1880-1890. 301
fusal of their offer. The result showed the wisdom of the ma-
jority as the order afterwards was exceptionally good. The
predicted evil of loss of respect for Faculty discipline proved to
be a false prophecy. On the contrary the students were grate-
ful for the concession and more friendly in consequence. The
Faculty were regarded not as hard-hearted executioners, but as
merciful judges, desirous of reformation of offenders.
The third objection was that the Faculty having decided
once, the second action had the appearance of a dicker, a trade,
haggling, etc. All this was denied by the majority. Without
any suggestion by the Faculty the offer was made and the pro-
posal accepted. If the Faculty had said "twelve are not
enough, get more," there might be ground for the charge. But
the Faculty kept a dignified silence until the second offer was
made.
One of the student advocates of the measure said, "Mr.
President, we have not picked out total abstainers. We offer
on the pledge the names of drinking men." After the accept-
ance one of the number came in great perturbation, saying, "I
understand that the Faculty have been told that the signers are
'drinking men.' That is not true in my case. I am, and always
have been, entirely temperate. I do not desire to be considered
as admitting to the contrary. What can I do about it?" I
pacified him by writing his disclaimer at the foot of the paper.
The plan of taking voluntary pledges was repeatedly followed
afterwards. In one case fifty students came to the rescue of
their fallen comrade. Sometimes their disapprobation was so
great that there was no effort made to retain the offender, but
wherever the Faculty approved the voluntary action of a re-
spectable following of the guilty, the effect on the discipline of
the institution was wholesome. The procedure reminds us of
the mutual responsibility of towns, boroughs, and guilds in
Anglo-Saxon times.
On the night of an election in Chapel Hill in 1884 there
was danger of a collision between the races. While the vote
was being counted, the process going into the night, a young
negro from the country attempted to trip a student, now
302 History of University of North Carolina.
a judge. Doubtless it was intended for a joke, but a white boy
could not but consider it an affront to be instantly resented.
The aggressor promptly ran, other negroes took his part, stu-
dents began to collect filled with ire. There seemed danger of
a conflict. But, though there, was blustering, little harm was
done.
Consequent on this row there was an amusing incident.
There was a very black man named Eli, who waited on the
occupants of the West Building. On the occasion above men-
tioned, being full of whiskey, he lost his senses and cheered on
the colored combatants, instead of standing by the students on
whom he waited. They afterwards, as a good lesson, gave him
a whipping. Knowing nothing of this I called him up with the
intention of discharging him. I said, "Eli, I am told that in-
stead of pacifying things at the row on election day, you tried
to make them worse by stirring up the negroes." With a per-
fectly cheerful voice and face, without the slightest intimation
of shame or resentment, he replied as if it was a sufficient
answer to my complaint, "Oh, sir, the students done settled
with me for that." I felt compelled to allow this new sort of
"receipt in full," and continued him in his position. But his
addiction to strong drink continued to increase and it soon be-
came necessary to discharge him. He afterwards committed
forgery, served a term on the roads, returned and soon drank
himself into the grave.
Later a student considered himself wronged by a colored
man and, finding him about the University building one night,
gave him a flogging. A new student, quite raw, stood by and
perhaps assisted. Whereupon some of his fellows frightened
him with the story that the constable was after him with a
warrant. He fled down the avenue and several pistol shots
were fired near him. When the joke was carried far enough a
squad of boys was sent to bring him in. They searched in vain.
In three clays he appeared at his father's home in Richmond
County and never returned to the University. Having no
money he was forced to beg his way home, traveling on foot.
These incidents ended in a much deplored tragedy.
Of course I endeavored to infuse a better spirit into the stu-
Breaches of Discipline, 1880-1890. 303
dents and I warned them of the danger of such collisions. I
told them that practically all young negroes carried pistols ;
they think it a proof of their freedom. I warned them that
some night a negro feeling himself protected from detection by
the darkness would fire and run away. Besides, a brawl with
them was an unseemly thing, unworthy of men seeking higher
education at a great University, in which they could gain no
glory but might be disgraced.
My prediction proved unfortunately too true. A student, the
same who flogged the colored man as above narrated, consider-
ing himself insulted by a negro named Pat, procured two other
students of great physical strength to join him in castigating
the alleged offender. News of this was brought to me and I
sought them out and ordered them to their rooms, which order
was obeyed. Afterwards, about ten o'clock in the evening, a
well known white man asked two students to aid him to his
home as he was too drunk to walk. While on their way they
passed a house where a number of negroes, Pat among them,
had gathered to indulge in a carousal with blockade whiskey
just brought from Chatham County. By that time the drunken
man was sober enough to walk and requested his helpers to
wait until he could get another drink. The negroes thought
that he was an emissary of the students and threw stones at
him. He retreated to his escort, and stones were thrown at the
students, who thought this a disgrace which must be avenged.
They repaired to the dormitories, roused those who had a feud
with Pat and besieged the house where the frolic was going on.
The negroes fired from the windows and killed one student,
Freeze, by a bullet through the breast. Another received a bul-
let through the clothes. As soon as they saw the dead body on
the ground the negroes fled, scattering as they went. Three
were captured and sentenced to the penitentiary, the leader,
Pat, for seven years, and the others for five years. Pat soon
escaped and has not been heard from. The tragedy was all the
more sad because Freeze was an only child.
Since this sad occurrence there has been no further trouble
with the negroes. A more quiet set of students can not be
found and the colored population is well-behaved. It may be
304 History of University of North Carolina.
that just such a lesson was inevitable to teach the races to have
mutual forbearance.
President Battle, seeing the evident approval by the people
of the State of the annuity of $5,000 granted in 1881, de-
termined to ask for a still further increase. After consultation
with Faculty and Trustees, $15,000 additional was fixed on as
the sum which would enable us to add important professorships
and supply much needed apparatus. After deliberation and
consultation a bill to add $15,000 to the annual income of the
University was introduced in the General Assembly of 1885
by Hon. Lee S. Overman, a graduate of Trinity College, now
United States Senator. Besides the $15,000 per annum, it was
thought best to ask for the payment of a debt of $12,000 re-
cently incurred. I was in the lobby when the bill was read
and saw in the faces of the Members a decided disapprobation.
As there was adjournment until next day there was opportunity
for consultation with the known friends of the measure. At
my request Col. Paul B. Means called an informal meeting of
them at his chambers in the Yarborough House. Gov. A. M.
Scales, an alumnus of the Class of 1847, a warm friend of his
Alma Mater, presided. After taking his seat he inquired of each
present as to what was best to be done to make the bill accept-
able. Lieutenant-Governor Robinson, of Macon County, Col.
Samuel McD. Tate, Representative from Burke, and others,
frankly informed him that the payment of the $12,000 debt must
be eliminated, as the general opinion was that it would be a
bad precedent for the State to pay the recent debts of the Uni-
versity, or any other public institution. It would tend to make
State officers careless. The Members present unanimously
concurred with this view. Another objection to this paragraph
swayed the minds of some. Nearly all of the $12,000 was de-
signed to repay Mr. P. C. Cameron for his advances for finish-
ing Memorial Hall and there was a general belief that he in-
tended the amount as a gift. This was erroneous, but was
strengthened by the rumor that he had sold the University
lands bought at its bankrupt sale in order to save a debt at a
large profit, much in excess of the debt. These facts and sur-
Application for Increased Appropriation. 305
mises, although totally irrelevant, were strong enough to carry
votes, especially of Members who were doubtful whether their
constituents favored State aid to the University.
As Mr. Overman was compelled to be absent for a few days,
Mr. Augustus Leazar, of Iredell County, an experienced and
enlightened legislator, a graduate of Davidson College, by
special request took charge of the bill. He performed the duty
with exceptional ability. He was seconded by Col. Thomas
M. Holt, afterwards Lieutenant-Governor and Governor, an
alumnus of the University. He prefaced his remarks by the
statement that he advocated the measure as a Trustee of Dav-
idson College, as he felt sure that the impetus to higher edu-
cation by the rise of the University would increase the numbers
in the colleges. But the constitutional demands should be
obeyed at all hazards.
Mr. John D. Stanford, of Duplin, a Davidson College man
and soon to be a Presbyterian minister, followed with similar
arguments. Mr. James H. Pou, of Johnston, spoke in oppo-
sition, believing that he voiced the wishes of the people of his
county. Mr. E. B. Jones, of Alexander, agreed with Mr. Pou,
as did Mr. N. Y. Gulley, of Franklin. Mr. Richmond Pearson,
of Buncombe, made a most eloquent speech for the bill, as did
Mr. Thomas Dixon, of Cleveland, now a popular author.
Col. John M. Galloway, of Rockingham, an alumnus of 1854,
who had acquired the nickname of "Watch dog of the Treas-
ury," ably supported the appropriation as just and proper for
the good of the State by promoting education among all classes.
Mr. J. A. Barringer, of Guilford, took the same ground, in
behalf of his father's University. Mr. R. T. Waring, of Meck-
lenburg, likewise spoke strongly in favor of the measure, as
did Messrs. C. B. Green, of Durham ; T. B. Womack, of Chat-
ham ; E. F. Lovell, of Watauga, and J. Y. Phillips, of Stokes,
while Mr. Felton, of Tyrrell, opposed it. One of the most con-
vincing arguments in the affirmative was by Rev. N. H. Harri-
son, of Washington County, a Primitive Baptist preacher, who
closed with an eloquent assertion of his love for his native
State: "I want to see North Carolina on a high plane, and I
want to do whatever I can to aid and benefit her whole people.
20
306 History of University of North Carolina.
Her welfare is my welfare and her people are my people, their
interests are my interests. Where they live I want to live ;
where they die I want to die ; where they are buried I want to
be buried; and where they are resurrected I want to be resur-
rected. I vote aye."
The amendment of Mr. Jones, reducing the appropriation to
$12,500, was lost by a vote of 44 to 53. The bill then was
passed by an unexpected majority, 58 to 32.
In the Senate the friends of the appropriation were relativelv
more numerous than in the House. Mr. H. A. Gudger, of
Buncombe, stated that the States of Virginia, Tennessee, and
South Carolina gave larger sums than were asked here. En-
larging the University will help the colleges. It must be the
head of the public school system. Mr. H. G. Connor, of Wil-
son, contended that there was a constitutional duty to pass the
bill. Facilities should be given to every boy in North Carolina
to make a man of himself. Mr. Sydenham B. Alexander, of
Mecklenburg, said that it was impossible for the Professors
with their present income to do all they should in order to
make the University a first class institution. On business prin-
ciples the Faculty should be increased. Mr. W. M. Bond, of
Edenton, argued that we should carry out the progressive ideas
of our forefathers as written in the first Constitution. The
University should tower above the other institutions. Mr.
R. S. Taylor, of Tarboro, a colored Senator, avowed his inten-
tion to vote for the good of the State without regard to color
or party. He was mindful too of the favorable action of the
Senate in granting a charter to Zion-Wesley College. Dr.
Cyrus Thompson, of Onslow, offered an amendment, which
failed to pass, to strike out the provision of one free student for
each county — was willing to increase the appropriation if this
should be done. Mr. Paul B. Means, of Cabarrus, stated that
the commissioners in his county had acted fairly. If there was
any fault in other counties it lay with their officers. The insti-
tution was built on the Constitution of 1776. Mr. J. C. Buxton,
of Forsyth, said that he had been forced to go for an education
to New England when the University was closed. The counties
ought to have the right to send one student in compensation
Appropriation Bill Passed, 1885. 307
for the tax. Build up the University. Mr. A. W. Graham,
of Hillsboro, asserted that every word spoken in behalf of the
University was true. The charges against the county com-
missioners for wrongly appointing rich boys as indigent stu-
dents are untrue. They amount to charges of perjury against
the appointees. Mr. Willis R. Williams, of Pitt, was opposed
to the county student system, and would vote for the Thomp-
son amendment, but favored the bill even if it was not adopted.
He thought the partial free system was a hindrance. Mr.
H. A. Gudger remarked that, as chairman of the Committee
on Education, he had investigated the charges of perjury as
to appointments of county beneficiaries and that the editor of
the Biblical Recorder was absolutely and totally wrong in mak-
ing such charges. Mr. R. F. Hackett, of Wilkes, expressed
his disapproval of the efforts to take away free tuition from
poor boys. Mr. W. C. Troy, of Cumberland, thought that, so
far from abolishing the free student feature, the number should
be doubled or trebled.
The act is entitled "An Act for the Maintenance of the Uni-
versity of North Carolina," recites the constitutional power to
maintain the institution, and the duty to establish as soon as
practicable a Department of Agriculture, of Mechanics, of Min-
ing and of Xormal instruction, and states that the income is
insufficient to carry out these purposes and supply the educa-
tional needs of the State. It was impossible to have an effi-
cient system of public schools without competent teachers, and
it is of supreme importance to the well being of the State that
young men of all pursuits shall be able to receive the advantages
of higher education within its own limits at moderate expense.
Fifteen thousand dollars, payable quarterly, was appropriated
and the two thousand dollars for the University Xormal School
was placed at the disposal of the Board of Education for aid to
other Xormal Schools. So that the increase to the University
was only $13,000.
The obligation on county students to teach was repealed.
If there should be more than one applicant for the county
appointment the County Superintendent of Schools must hold
an examination and the Board of Commissioners shall appoint
308 Historv of University of North Carolina.
him who has stood the best examination, if otherwise qualified.
The appropriation in 1881, $5,000, added to that under this
act, made $20,000, while the interest on the Land Grant,
$7,500, made $27,500. It will be seen that the latter item was
taken away two years afterwards.
The proposal to add $15,000 per annum to the support of
the University met with violent opposition on the part of cer-
tain friends of the denominational colleges outside the Legis-
lature. As there was no proposal to enlarge the number of
county students, the opposition was in reality to any State aid
being given to the University. It may be useful to give some
of the grounds of the attack.
It was said that all the money that could be obtained should
go to the support of the primary schools, — that the State should
teach her children the "three R's," i. e., reading, writing, and
arithmetic, and if they wished to go higher, they must do so
at their own expense. Answer : In all civilized countries the
people have decided against this low view of education.
Trained men and women are needed as teachers for the schools,
as leaders in the legislative halls, and in all professions and pur-
suits. And the children of the State should not be driven from
our borders, to the certain weakening of State pride, nor forced
into colleges where the influence may be against their religious
opinions and prejudices.
It must not be understood that all the denominational colleges
took ground against public aid to the University. Guilford
College, Catawba College, Elon College, Mount Pleasant Col-
lege, and others, were conspicuous exceptions. The great
schools like Bingham's, Horner's, Oak Ridge, stood by the
University, and very many friends of the colleges, whose lead-
ers were adversary, refused to join in the opposition.
Another argument against the appropriation was that the
University was an "Episcopalian concern" on account of the
President, with two of the Professors, being members of the
Protestant Episcopal Church and many of the Trustees having
like affiliations. When it was shown that the Trustees were
elected by the General Assembly, one-fourth every two years,
and that some of the best men of the leading denominations
Increased Appropriation, 1885. 309
were active members and participated in the choice of profes-
sors, this charge made no serious impression. The members
of the church criticized were only a small minority in the
Faculty and never attempted to influence the students except
generally in favor of Christianity.
Then, again, it was charged that with so large an increase
of annuity the Faculty would turn the University into a "great
free school," and draw away patronage from other institutions.
The answer to this was that the additional funds were to be
used for the establishment of new professorships and addi-
tional apparatus for instruction. The tuition money would be
quite as much needed as theretofore. The question of a free
University was not before the General Assembly, nor before
the Trustees.
Again, the University was sneered at because her standards
of admission and grades of scholarship were said to be lower
than those of Johns Hopkins University and the University
of Virginia. Raise your standard, they said, to the level of
these institutions and you will not compete for students with
the colleges.
To show how unintelligent was this criticism of our Uni-
versity it must be observed, first, that Johns Hopkins is a
heavily endowed institution, whose main object is instruction
of graduates from other institutions, yet even with this advan-
tage it was found necessary to adopt an undergraduate cur-
riculum. A sufficient number of postgraduates could not
otherwise be obtained.
In the second place, although the University of Virginia was
held up as a model for imitation by Xorth Carolina, and fears
of impending ruin to the colleges were expressed, because our
University might become a "big free school," at that very time
students were admitted into the Virginia institution on more
easy terms than into ours, and there was with them free tuition,
but not with us. In other words, what was fought against
vehemently had already been adopted in our sister State, and
in other Southern States. What was pronounced to be a
deadly poison in Xorth Carolina, was claimed to be "good
medicine" in Virginia.
310 History of University of North Carolina.
The most elaborate attempt to prevent the General Assembly
from voting an appropriation to the University was by a
pamphlet by President Taylor, which endeavored to prove that
the State should not give money to promote higher education.
The people of the State had, however, concluded that it was
certainly interested in equipping teachers with their mental
furniture, that it is the duty of the State to provide for her
young children — especially her poorer children — the means of
making the most of their talents in pursuit of the various avo-
cations of life, and that all should not be driven for their
higher training to the denominational colleges. Moreover, it
was noted that for years when the University was closed these
colleges were only able to attract a few of those able to attend.
It was seen to be certain that when, largely by the influence of
the State University, the spirit of education should be aroused,
all educational institutions would flourish. This has been the
case in a marked degree and is the cause of the cessation of the
feeling of jealousy and suspicion which once existed.
I was harshly criticised for being what was called a "lobby
member" when bills affecting the University were being con-
sidered. I admit the charge. I thought and feel perfectly
certain that if I had not been the bills would not have passed.
My electioneering was nearly altogether with the friends of the
measures. They needed to be informed. The members have
so many things to engage their attention that they can not
keep posted on all questions. An incident will illustrate this :
The University bill was called : an able Senator, an alumnus,
stepped out to me in the lobby and said hastily, "What is this
about?" I replied, "I furnished all the members with a printed
statement, telling all about it. You will find it in your desk."
"Oh ! I have not had time to read it. Tell me about it." I did
so and he made a good speech.
At another time leading Trustees requested me to absent
myself from the meeting of the Legislature because people
said lobbying was undignified. When the University bill
was read a Senator rose and said, "A professor told me that
half that amount will suffice. I move to strike off one-half."
Lobbying. 311
The friends of the University knew nothing about the matter.
The motion prevailed. The University lost $10,000. The mo-
tion to amend would have been easily defeated if the lobby
member had been present to explain it.
Other instances showing the importance of having the
course of legislation under the watchful care of a representa-
tive of the University have been already mentioned, one when
the bill to pay interest on the Land Scrip Fund was saved,
the other when the defeat of the $15,000 measure was averted
by a conference called by Senator Means.
On one occasion the Superintendent of a State Asylum
came to Raleigh, expressed his views to a friend of the appro-
priation he desired, and returned dignifiedly to his home. In
a day or two he received a telegram with the doleful news that
his bill had been ruinously amended and he was forced to re-
turn to Raleigh and enter on his usual lobby duties.
These cases are given because there is much criticism of
lobbying. The truth is, that if "lobby members" endeavor to
carry their points by threats or bribery or treating or forming
combinations, called logrolling, they are reprehensible. But
if they lay information before Members, and aid the friends of
measures, and win opponents, by fair arguments or removing
misunderstandings, they really facilitate legislation.
I recall an instance of lobbying which will illustrate my
meaning. Miss Dorothy Dix, after traveling through the
country and witnessing the horrible ways in which insane
people were neglected and sometimes intentionally treated, was
in 1848 interviewing members in favor of a bill to issue State
bonds for building our first insane asylum, now called Hospital
for the Insane. She was told that James C. Dobbin had more
power in the Legislature than any other Member, but that he
was secluding himself on account of the death of his wife, to
whom he was extremely attached. Repairing to his hotel she
eloquently and feelingly urged him to subordinate his private
griefs to the relief of the unfortunate whom God had deprived
of reason. He could not resist her appeal, championed her
cause in a speech of rare strength, and the bill was passed.
Ought such lobbyists to be greeted with censure or ridicule?
312 History of University of North Carolina.
The opponents of the University were, as a rule, courteous
to its President. There was one exception. An editor printed
an article against him, accusing him of the offense of "using all
the arts of a lobbyist." This last was an arrant falsehood. He
never spent one cent's worth or treated to the value of a glass
of lemonade or a cigar, as has been said.
The First Gymnasium. Commons.
In the spring of 1885 there was a division among the stu-
dents in regard to the Ball Managers. Two chiefs, Isaac H.
Manning and Julius A. Little, and two sets of assistants, were
chosen by their respective factions. Some Trustees belonging
to churches opposed to the "modern dance," had urged the
Board to prohibit it on the University grounds, not on their own
account but to satisfy the scruples of large numbers in whose
opinion it was injurious to morals. I took no part in the dis-
cussion, but was glad of the prohibition because I wished Smith
Hall to be a real library, filled with alcoves. It was impossible
to clear the floor and use it as a dance hall and have a decent
library the rest of the year. It therefore seemed that although
we had officers galore we could have no ball, as there was no
room in Chapel Hill suitable for the purpose.
To meet this difficulty one set of managers proposed to have
their ball in Raleigh, a proceeding to which I was much op-
posed. I was then in Raleigh for some weeks, endeavoring
to persuade the General Assembly to add $15,000 annually
to our appropriation. I wrote to both sets of managers and
pledged myself to provide a suitable hall, provided that they
would unite and give up the Raleigh plan. They took me at
my word. Isaac Hall Manning was made chief; John P.
Crump, Julian A. Little, Pierre B. Cox, William R. Tucker,
St. Clair Hester, John H. J. Leigh, Herbert W. Jackson, and
Ellison L. Gilmer, were assistants.
On my return to Chapel Hill I had only three months in
which to carry out my promise and we worked with speed.
My scheme was to procure from the Secretary of State a
charter for a Gymnasium Association, the institution very
The First Gymnasium, 1885. 313
much needing a room large enough for gymnastic exercises
and for social meetings, including dancing.
A corporation with non-liability provision was chartered,
shares $10 each, the building to be erected on its own land,
and to be leased to the University during such parts of the year
as should be agreed on. The plan was eminently successful.
The charter was obtained by Richard H. Lewis (of Raleigh),
Augustus W. Graham, Peter M. Wilson, David G. Worth,
Robert Bingham, John W. Fries, James Henley, Alfred D.
Jones, Frank B. Dancy, Julian S. Carr. The alumni subscribed
for the stock with commendable liberality, and, by borrowing a
small sum, a room was secured large enough for gymnasium
purposes. It had, too, a floor with planks of best heart pine,
sawed across the grain, made especially for dancing, greatly
superior to Smith Hall, which was so uneven as to cause fre-
quent falls.
The President of the Association was Dr. Richard H. Lewis,
of Raleigh. Except during Commencement weeks the build-
ing was rented on easy terms to the University and the pro-
ceeds used for finishing the building and keeping it in repair.
The opponents of dancing were chagrined when they saw the
outcome of their opposition, but the Gymnasium Association
is not a part of the University and its building is not on Uni-
versity land. The students who used it were those who were
allowed to dance at home, countenanced by their parents. It
can hardly be contended that this amusement should be pro-
hibited by the Board of Trustees to all students everywhere.
During President Winston's term of office, after the floor
of Memorial Hall had been elevated, so that it could be used
for gymnastic instruction, the Gymnasium was converted into
a Commons Hall, where large numbers of students obtain their
meals. Additions were made to the building by the liberality
of Mrs. Baker, her son by her first husband, Harry Lake, being
a student of the University. This did not hinder its being
used for a ballroom, and for annual banquets.
A full list of the subscribers to the old gymnasium (Com-
mons Hall) will be found in the Appendix. The following
were the largest : David G. Worth, Robert Bingham, Tulian S.
314 History of University of North Carolina.
Carr, $100 each; Wm, L. Saunders, J. A. Henley, John W.
Fries, Richard H. Lewis (of Raleigh), Eugene Morehead,
Alfred D. Jones, Robert R. Bridgers, George M. Maverick,
Wm. H. Maverick, $50 each ; Frank B. Dancy, Bartholomew
F. Moore, Junior, Frank P. Yenable, Ralph H. Graves, George
T. Winston, Robert B. Peebles, Walter L. Steele, John W.
Graham, Donald MacRae, J. DeB. Hooper, Paul C. Cameron
(for three grandsons), $30 each; Mrs. Z. B. Vance, $25; Her-
bert B. Battle, Thomas H. Battle, K. P. Battle, Jr., M. C. S.
Xoble, Frank Wood, Peter M. Wilson, Van B. Moore, John
Manning, Joseph A. Holmes, Augustus W. Graham, Charles
A. Cook, Joshua W. Gore, $20 each.
Mr. Paul C. Cameron took to heart the passage of the ordi-
nance banishing dancing from Smith Hall and interdicting it
in any University building. He said that the false charge that
it encouraged licentiousness was an insult to his children and
grandchildren. He refused to aid in building the Gymnasium,
saying that it was a "surrender to the circuit riders," meaning
the preachers, who had memorialized the Trustees to prohibit
the annual ball. When he came to Commencement he was
taken to the Gymnasium, where he found a room one-third
larger and one-third wider than the library in Smith Hall, the
old dance hall. He walked over and inspected it critically.
The floor was firm and smooth, whereas the old hall had a floor
which imitated the billows of the ocean, on which very recently
a beautiful girl had slipped and lamed herself for many months
and where hurtless falls were frequent. He came up to Presi-
dent Battle and pulling out a roll of money said, "By blood! I
believe I am glad the circuit riders ran us out of the Campus.
I said I would not subscribe and I won't. But here is ten dol-
lars for Paul Graham, ten dollars for George Graham, and ten
dollars for George Collins" (his grandsons). "Here, Isaac !"
calling up the Chief Ball Manager : "You haven't light enough.
Here is fifteen dollars. Send to Raleigh and get some more
lamps."
Mr. Cameron was occasionally a talker in his sleep. Once
when he was wrapped in slumber, pending the dance contro-
versy, he was overheard to ejaculate with emphasis in the pe-
Memorial Hall. 315
culiar tone characteristic of somnambulists, "D — d if they shall
drive me out of the Campus." It is pleasant to note that he
continued to be reconciled to the new arrangement. It would
have left a painful memory if he had died under the abiding
sense of being wronged.
As this was the first ball held off University grounds I give
the description of it by the reporter : "The new, large and
commodious Gymnasium Hall was a scene of gaiety and
beauty. A bewildering mass of red, pink, blue, and white
seemed floating around the ballroom, as the couples circled in
and out under the delightful influence of Fasnicht's band. On,
on went the dance till morning dawned, and then the merry
throng began to break up to retire to sweet slumbers or to
make ready to begin their journeys homeward."
Memorial Hall. Tablets.
I was sitting by Governor Jarvis on the rostrum in Gerrard
Hall at the Commencement of 1883. The Hall was filled to its
utmost capacity, and turning our eyes to the doors and windows
we could see at least one-third more of good citizens, many of
whom had ridden long distances, unable to enter the Hall. I
said, "Governor, if you will promise the people that next year
we will have a building large enough to accommodate every-
body, I will show you where the money will come from." With
great applause he made the promise and at the next meeting of
the Board of Trustees I pointed out a fund which could be
used for this purpose. I also stated that I had known of many
good men who had gone to their homes dissatisfied because
they were turned off from Gerrard Hall. They had probably
become angry with the institution. The Governor warmly sec-
onded the proposal, and promised to procure the sale to the
University of bricks made at the State Penitentiary on ex-
tremely favorable terms. The Board agreed to the enlarge-
ment of Gerrard Hall and appointed Mr. P. C. Cameron chair-
man of a committee to superintend the work. Mr. Samuel
Sloan, of Philadelphia, was employed as the architect.
About this time a movement was begun to erect a cenotaph
to President Swain on the Campus, his body being in Oakwood
316 History of University of North Carolina.
Cemetery, Raleigh. A considerable sum was promised for this,
on the belief that it would be similar to that of President Cald-
well. Mr. Sloan proposed that a new auditorium should be
erected, and that this should be the Swain monument. His
suggestion was approved by all and he was directed to draw
up the necessary plans. The subscriptions to the Swain mon-
ument were turned over to the new memorial.
The cost of the building thus planned was estimated by the
architect at $20,000, but he successively raised the estimate to
$25,000, $30,000, and $40,000, and the final cost was about $45,-
000. It is evident that the architect, who died before its com-
pletion, either was ignorant of the art of estimating cost, or,
which is more likely, that he designedly planned .regardless
of expense, trusting that the Trustees would be too proud to
have an unfinished building on their hands. The Trustees
relied implicitly on the chairman of the Building Committee,
and on the character of the architect, which was high.
The roof is supported by two great wooden arches one
hundred and twenty-seven feet in diameter, lengthwise of the
building. These were built on the ground and the raising
them was a perilous task. The first attempt resulted in fail-
ure, most mortifying to the foreman because there was a
large company of witnesses, including the Visiting Commit-
tee of the Trustees, and Bishop Green, of Mississippi, then on
a visit to his Alma Mater. One of the arches was raised a few
feet, the tackle gave way, and the ceremony was postponed.
The next attempt was by an experienced house mover, Mr.
O. R. Smith, to whom we paid $500, and was successful. As
the long complicated ropes strained and pulleys creaked, and
the network of heavy timbers slowly and steadily rose in the
presence of interested onlookers, the scene was very exciting.
But the question of money became pressing and it was nec-
essary to raise more. I conceived the idea of turning the build-
ing into a general Memorial Hall, wherein should be tablets
containing the facts of the lives of eminent alumni and offi-
cers of the University. I wrote with my own hand near two
hundred letters in carrying out this plan. The descendants
and friends of these were invited to pay an amount larger
(JHsSSS-"-
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BBgpt*jJJf ''■
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South Building and Well
Memorial Hall
Tablets in Memorial Hall. 317
than the cost of preparing and inserting the tablets. The sug-
gestion was favorably received and about $10,000 was raised,
by the efforts of Professor Winston and myself, but when that
was spent there was still an additional amount necessary.
In this emergency Governor Jarvis, whose wise and patri-
otic utterances always had great weight, appealed to Mr.
Cameron to come forward and grant a loan for the purpose.
The latter generously lent the sum of $6,000 and when
that was found to be too small, $2,000 additional. It was
truly a generous act because nothing could be collected from
the University by law and no security was required. He lived
six years after this and made no demand for either principal
or interest. A request, without his knowledge, to the General
Assembly to repay him met with no favor. After his death in
1891 his heirs proposed to accept scholarships for the amount,
$1,000 each. The Trustees agreed and the debt was thus liqui-
dated. The interest and principal on the sum lent amounted to
$10,000, so that there are ten "Cameron Scholarships," each of
the group of heirs having one, and being entitled to appoint a
student free of charge for tuition. Whenever the nomination
of one unable to pay tuition is made it is a clear gain to the
University.
In locating the tablets, those to President Caldwell, Dr.
Mitchell, and Dr. James Phillips, erected at the expense of the
University, are to the right and left of President Swain's,
which is above the rostrum in the centre of the space. This
left one place vacant. After six years the Paul C. Cameron
tablet completed the number of the niches above the rostrum.
The tablets to the "Confederate Dead" are below that of
President Swain. The names were procured by the intelli-
gent perseverance of the Secretary-Treasurer, Colonel Saun-
ders. They are two hundred and sixty in number and are a
pathetic reminder of the ardor with which our students rushed
to the front.
The other tablets, to the number of ninety-eight, were in-
serted to the right and left of the rostrum, according to the
dates of death of those commemorated. This rule was depart-
ed from, by accident, in two instances — that is, in the cases of
318 History of University of North Carolina.
ex-Governor Graham and Michael Hoke. These two eminent
competitors for the governorship, who carried on, in 1844, one
of the most hightoned canvasses ever known in the State,
by two accidents have their tablets adjoining one another.
Since these tablets were inserted, various others have been
placed, mostly of those who have since died. Their location
has been governed by convenience. Fronting the rostrum are
the names of the donors of the lands on which the University
is located and on the east side the names of its women bene-
factors. There is Cornelia Phillips Spencer, whose personal
influence and eloquent pen were in prosperity and direst ad-
versity exerted in behalf of the institution she loved. And
then we have female benefactors all of the name of Mary,
namely, Mary Ann Smith, Mary Elizabeth Mason, Mary Ruf-
fin Smith, and Mary Bryan Speight. To these could be added
the names of Mary Ker, the wife of Dr. David Ker, the first
Professor, the first lady resident in Chapel Hill, and Mary, wife
of Governor Richard Dobbs Spaight, the first lady who ever
attended a Commencement.
The officers and alumni in Memorial Hall illustrate every
period of our State history, and many that of the United
States. The Provisional Government of 177 $-'76 Is illus-
trated by Samuel Johnston, the Member at Large of the Pro-
visional Council ; by Archibald Maclaine of the Committee of
Safety of Wilmington, and by Waightstill Avery, one of the
authors of the Mecklenburg Declaration of May, 1775.
The Constitution of 1776 and the War of the Revolution
are called to mind by the three above named, of whom Avery
was the first Attorney-General of the State, and with Maclaine
was on the committee which reported the Constitution to the
Convention. Besides these are Benjamin Hawkins, aid de
camp to Washington ; William Richardson Davie, William
Lenior, Joseph Winston, Joseph Graham, Richard Dobbs
Spaight, the elder, likewise a soldier but more famous as a
Delegate to the Continental Congress, and James Kenan, a
Revolutionary Colonel of Militia.
The adoption of the Constitution of the United States is
illustrated by Spaight and Davie, Members of the Conven-
Tablets in Memorial Hall. 319
tion ; by Samuel Johnston and Benjamin Hawkins, the first
Federal Senators from North Carolina ; by William Lenoir,
a Member of the State Conventions of 1788 and 1789, which
passed upon it, and by Charles Johnson, President of the State
Senate, 1790.
The threatened French War is called to mind by Davie,
appointed a General in the army proposed for waging it, and
a Commissioner to France for averting it.
The foundation of the University is illustrated by Davie,
its "Father"; by Charles Johnson, who presided over the first
meeting of the Board of Trustees ; by William Lenoir, the
first President of the Board ; by Joseph Caldwell, the first
President of the University ; by Richard Dobbs Spaight, as
Governor, present at the opening in 1795; David Stone, on
the committee of location and of the first curricula ; Samuel
Johnston, the first named of the Charter Trustees ; Archibald
Maclaine, Joseph Graham, Benjamin Hawkins, James Kenan,
and Bishop-elect Charles Pettigrew, all early Trustees, and by
Treasurer John Haywood, who was on the committee to select
the site of the University.
The War of 1812 is commemorated by William Hawkins,
Governor, and Duncan Cameron, one of his aids ; by Joseph
Graham appointed a General against the Creeks ; by David
Stone, United States Senator i8i3-'i4, and William Gaston,
Representative in Congress i8i3-'i7.
The acquisition of Florida is called to mind by William D.
Mosely, Governor of the Territory.
The inauguration of internal improvements is especially
noted by Archibald D. Murphey and Rev. Dr. Joseph Cald-
well, the first and most earnest advocates of canal and rail-
road building.
The great Eastern and Western agitation, leading to the
Convention of 1835, is brought to mind by the names of
William Gaston, David L. Swain, John Owen, Bartlett Yancey,
Duncan Cameron, Willie P. Mangum, Calvin Graves, James
W. Bryan, James Mebane, William B. Shepard.
The hot controversies of Jackson's time are peculiarly com-
320 History of University of North Carolina.
memorated by James K. Polk, Bedford Brown, Willie P.
Mangum, John Owen, William B. Shepard and others.
The important period of the acquisition of Texas and the
Mexican War is revived by the tablets of James K. Polk,
President; William A. Graham, Governor ;. Michael Hoke,
George E. Badger, Willie P. Mangum, Bedford Brown,
Daniel M. Barringer, John M. Morehead, Burton Craige,
Romulus M. Saunders, and the three brothers, William B.,
Charles B., and James B. Shepard.
The internal improvement era is called up by the names of
John M. Morehead, Governor ; Calvin Graves, Haywood W.
Guion, William A. Graham, William Waightstill Avery, Rom-
ulus M. Saunders, Jonathan Worth, John D. Hawkins, Dr.
Joseph W. Hawkins, and later by W'illiam Johnston, William
J. Hawkins, and R. R. Bridgers.
The Compromises of 1850 and the period preceding the Civil
War are called to mind by Graham, Badger, Morehead, W.
W. Avery, R. M. Saunders, Jacob Thompson, Lewis Thomp-
son, Patrick H. W'inston, Sr.
Secession and the Civil War are largely represented on the
walls by civilians as Avell as soldiers, prominent in council or
field. Among the civilians are Thomas Ruffin, Senior,
Graham, Worth, William W. Avery, Governor Henry T.
Clark, Walter F. Leak, Burton Craige, Jacob Thompson, Pat-
rick H. Winston, Senior, Rufus L. Patterson.
Of the military are General Bryan Grimes, General James
Johnston Pettigrew, General and Governor A. M. Scales, Gen-
eral George B. Anderson, Colonel W. W. Avery, Colonel Clark
M. Avery, Colonel Isaac E. Avery, Colonel William L. Saun-
ders, Major Joseph A. Engelhard, Major Joseph H. Saunders,
Surgeon E. Burke Haywood, Colonel John L. Bridgers, Lieu-
tenant William Preston Mangum, and the long list of the
"Confederate Dead."
The period of Reconstruction is commemorated by Gover-
nor Jonathan W7orth, Governor Tod R. Caldwell, Lewis
Thompson, Patrick H. Winston, Senior, Judge Matthias E.
Manly, Samuel F. Phillips.
The Judicial history can be almost read from the tablets.
Tablets in Memorial Hall. 321
It begins with Samuel Johnston, a Judge before the organiza-
tion of the Supreme Court under the Act of 1818.
Of the Supreme Court there are tablets to four Chief Jus-
tices, Leonard Henderson, Thomas Ruffin, Frederick Nash,
and Richmond M. Pearson, and to Associate Justices William
Gaston, Archibald Murphey (temporary), William H. Battle,
Matthias E. Manly, Thomas Ruffin, Jr. Of the Superior
Court Judges are David Stone, Samuel Johnston, Archibald
D. Murphey, John R. Donnell, Willie P. Mangum, Duncan
Cameron, George E. Badger, David L. Swain, James Iredell,
John M. Dick, R. M. Pearson, W. H. Battle, M. E.
Manly, David F. Caldwell, James W. Osborne, Jesse G.
Shepherd; James Grant, of Iowa.
Of the Federal Judges are Judge John A. Cameron, of the
District Court of Florida; Thomas C. Fuller (Mexican Land
Claims).
There is a long list of Governors represented, beginning with
Samuel Johnston, first named of the Provincial Council in
1775, and Governor in 1787/90. Richard Dobbs Spaight, Sr.,
i792-'95; William Richardson Davie, 1798; David Stone,
i8o8-'io; William Hawkins, i8n-'i4; John Owen, i828-'3o;
David L. Swain, i832-'35; Richard Dobbs Spaight, Jr., 1835;
John M. Morehead, 1840- '44; William A. Graham, i844-'48;
Henry T. Clark, i86i-'63; Jonathan Worth, i866-'68; Tod
R. Caldwell, i87o-'74; Alfred M. Scales, Thomas M. Holt,
James K. Polk (Tennessee), W. D. Mosely (Florida).
The National Congress, before the adoption of the Consti-
tution, has Richard Dobbs Spaight, Sr., Samuel Johnston,
Benjamin Hawkins, and William R. Davie.
Senators of the United States are Samuel Johnston, Ben-
jamin Hawkins, David Stone, Willie P. Mangum, William R.
King, William A. Graham, George E. Badger, M. E. Manly,
(the latter was elected but not allowed to take his seat), and
Z. B. Vance.
Representatives in Congress are Joseph Winston, Richard
Dobbs Spaight, Sr., Alexander Mebane, David Stone, Wil-
liam Gaston, James S. Smith, John H. Bryan, John Owen,
Bartlett Yancey, R. D. Spaight, Jr., William B. Shepard,
21
322 History of University of North Carolina.
Charles B. Shepard, Ebenezer Pettigrew, James K. Polk, D.
M. Barringer, R. M. Saunders, Richard S. Donnell, Jacob
Thompson, Walter L. Steele, and Alfred M. Scales.
Solicitor-General of United States, Samuel F. Phillips.
Ministers to foreign nations are William R. Davie, D. M.
Barringer, R. M. Saunders, William R. King, John H.
Wheeler.
Attorney-Generals of North Carolina are Waightstill Avery,
Sr., R. M. Saunders, Bartholomew F. Moore, and William A.
Jenkins.
The financial history of the State is illustrated by Thomas
Ruffin and Duncan Cameron, presidents of the leading banks;
by Samuel Johnston, John Haywood, and Jonathan Worth,
State Treasurers, and Eugene Morehead, a bank president in
recent days.
The teachers are largely represented. There are Presidents
Joseph Caldwell and David L. Swain ; Professors A. D. Mur-
phey, William Bingham the elder, William J. Bingham, and
William Bingham the third, William Hooper, Elisha Mitchell,
James Phillips, J. DeBerniere Hooper, Ralph H. Graves
the elder, Carey D. Grandy ; William M. Green, Professor in
the University of North Carolina, Bishop of Mississippi and
Chancellor of the University of the South; James H. Horner,
Charles Phillips, A. W. Mangum, and Ralph H. Graves, the
younger.
The medical profession is honored by Simmons J. Baker,
John B. Baker, James H. Dickson, James S. Smith, Joseph W.
Hawkins, Frederick D. Lente, E. Burke Haywood.
Of the legal profession many have already been named,
such as the Judges and Attorneys-General. I name others
who devoted themselves mainly to the practice of law : B. F.
Moore, Francis L. Dancy, James W. Bryan, Haywood W.
Guion, Michael Hoke, Robert Strange the elder, Patrick H.
Winston, of Bertie, Richard S. Donnell, William F. Dancy.
To these should be added Rev. Dr. Francis L. Hawks, Reporter
of our Supreme Court, for a few years a lawyer.
Authors and scientists are slimly though ably represented
by Lewis von Schweinitz, botanist ; Francis L. Hawks, Joseph
Naming of Memorial Hall. 323
Caldwell, Elisha [Mitchell, David L. Swain, William A. Gra-
ham, and Haywood W. Guion ; Washington C. Kerr, State
Geologist, Colonel William L. Saunders, John H. Wheeler,
and Mrs. C. P. Spencer.
The great schools are represented by William Bingham,
William J. Bingham, his son, and Colonel William Bingham,
his grandson ; Alexander Wilson, Ralph H. Graves the elder,
William Hooper, J. De Berniere Hooper, and Thomas B.
Slade, the pioneer of higher female education in Georgia.
The clergy has able representation, beginning with Charles
Pettigrew. first elected Bishop of Xorth Carolina, though not
consecrated. Then came William Hooper, William M.
Green, Elisha Mitchell, Alexander Wilson, James Phillips,
James Morrison, Francis L. Hawks. Joseph H. Saunders the
elder, William Barringer, Charles Phillips, A. W. Man gum.
Mr. Paul C. Cameron, who was a personal friend of Gov-
ernor Swain and was of singularly tenacious purpose, insisted
on the original plan of calling the building Swain Hall, while I
and others thought this unjust to those who had contributed so
largelv to its erection. Colonel W. L. Saunders proposed a
compromise, which was accepted, that the name should be
Memorial Hall, that the tablet to President Swain should have
the highest place and on it should be inscribed the following:
DAVID LOWRY SWAIN, LL.D.
Born 1801. Died 1868.
Member House of Commons: 1824-1829.
State Solicitor: 1827.
Judge of Superior Court: 1830.
Governor: 1832-1835.
Member of Constitutional Convention: 1835.
President University: 1835-1868.
The Trustees axd Alumxi have erected this hall
in grateful recognition of the wisdom and fidelity
of the services of david lowry swain. for thirty-
THREE years President of the University;
In proud and loving remembrance of her heroic sons
who fell in the service of the confederate states j
and a memorial to all others connected with the
University, who by honorable living in civil or mili-
tary SERVICE, DESERVE COMMEMORATION HERE.
324 History of University of North Carolina.
It is an interesting fact that the inscription on Bishop
Green's tablet was written by himself and found in his drawer
after his death.
The Hall was dedicated June 3rd, 1885. The proceedings
began with a hymn (adapted) read by the Rev. A. W. Man-
gum. D.D.
Almighty God! Thou only great!
To Thee this great house we dedicate;
Here shall Thy wondrous works be shown,
And here Thy sovereign will made known.
Science and revelation here
In perfect harmony appear, —
Guiding young feet along the road,
Thro' grace and nature up to God.
Help us, O Lord, with faith to lay
This temple at Thy feet today;
O, let Thy work to us appear,
Thy glory be exalted here.
Praise God from whom all blessings flow,
Praise Him all creatures here below,
Praise Him above, ye heavenly host,
Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
A devout prayer was then offered by the Rev. Dr. Charles
Phillips. He closed with the petition, "May the memories of
Thy servants who have spread virtue and science and liberty
throughout this commonwealth, be always strong in the hearts
of the people, to keep them from the path of the destroyer.''
Mr. Paul C. Cameron, chairman of the Building Committee,
in behalf of himself and his associates of the committee
(Messrs. K. P. Battle and John Manning), then delivered an
excellent address. He told of having inherited affection for
the University. He paid a loving and admiring tribute to the
old President, Dr. Caldwell. He warmly praised Governor
Scales for his efficient aid in securing an increased annual
appropriation ; Governor Jarvis, then Minister to Rio Jan.-
eiro, for his active friendship and particularly for his furnish-
ing many thousand bricks from the penitentiary on easy terms,
thereby enabling us to lay the corner stone on September 25,
Dedication of Memorial Hall. 325
1883. Credit was given to President Battle and Professor
Winston for their procuring funds by the insertion of tablets
in the walls. The speaker then paid a tribute to the Revo-
lutionary fathers of the University and to President Swain,
who with Caldwell guided its fortunes for seventy years. He
then grouped those commemorated on the tablets. They are :
One President of the United States, twelve Governors of
North Carolina and one of Florida, four Justices of the Su-
preme Court and four Associate Justices, eleven Justices of
the Superior Courts and one of the United States District
Court of Florida, four members of the Revolutionary Con-
gress before the Constitution, six United States Senators after
the Constitution, fifteen members of the United States House
of Representatives, three Ministers to foreign courts, four
Attorneys-General of the State, two Presidents and nine Pro-
fessors of the University, six distinguished chiefs of classi-
cal schools, nine officers of the Confederate States Army.
Mr. Cameron added, "In mind and merit, in manly fortitude
and patriotic purpose, these field marshals of Xorth Carolina
were the equals of those of the great Xapoleon." To the above
we can add six leading lawyers, not politicians, six eminent
physicians, and of successful enlightened business men, not
politicians nor in official life, eleven.
The speaker then commemorated the donors of the site of
the University and others ; William Richardson Davie, the
Father of the University, an officer of the Revolution, Gov-
ernor and Minister to France ; General William Lenoir,
wounded at King's Mountain and President of the Senate ;
William Alexander Graham, of whom he says, "from the
cradle to the grave, his was a stainless name, * * * He
was a model. * * * With him the proprieties of life
associated with youth or old age, seemed to attain a perfection
and maturity that made it pleasant to look on at all times,
even in the repose of death."
The speaker then eulogized B. F. Moore, the great lawyer,
who had given the University $5,000 by will for scholarships,
He expressed his regret at the absence of a tablet to Colonel
William Polk, a Revolutionarv hero, President of the Board
326 History of University of North Carolina.
of Trustees in the early days of the University, "the con-
temporary and personal friend of Andrew Jackson, not less
heroic in war, and quite as sagacious, and more successful in
private life than he."
Samuel Sloan, the architect, was likewise mentioned in
terms of praise, who died from exposure to our summer sun.
He also praised John Dougherty, master builder, and Captain
Richards, the chief brick mason.
Mr. Cameron continued, "Thomas Jefferson reported to the
Governor, James Pleasants, in November, 1804, that there
were to be instituted eight professorships, or schools, for the
University of Virginia, namely : (1) Ancient Languages, (2)
Modern Languages, (3) Mathematics, (4) Natural Philoso-
phy, (5) Natural History, (6) Anatomy and Medicine, (7)
Moral Philosophy, (.8) Law. Our University has as extended
a curriculum as this. Let us seek to make it more of the
useful than the ornamental, not by wide but deep and exact
learning, promising us the richest fruitage, with good material
in the hands of thorough masters. * * * And from this
rostrum the young leaders of this Southern land, brave in
their own self-reliance, with their wing upon the wind and
their eye upon the sun, upward and onward and true to the
line, will seek the best aims of human life and share the rich-
est rewards of human ambition."
The address met with universal commendation and was re-
garded in the light of the last words of a loving friend of the
LJniversity. He lived, however, to occupy the rostrum again,
and for five years longer to grace our annual festivals.
The building was accepted by the President of the Board
of Trustees, Governor Alfred Moore Scales, whose Christian
name recalls a learned Judge of the Federal Supreme Court,
one of the Committee of Location in 1792. He belonged to the
Class of 1847, Dllt did not remain to graduate. He began by
lauding the patriotic conduct of Mr. Cameron in lending the
money ($8,000) for the completion of Memorial Hall. He
then gave a most feeling and intelligent history of the services
of President Swain. Among other things he mentioned an
amusing tradition that when vouner David L. Swain entered
The Services of Governor Jarvis. 327
the University, in 1823, some old students gathered around him
and clamored for a speech. After some hesitation he gave them
a discourse on the text, "Why stand ye here all the day idle?"
He pressed upon them the dangers and losses of idleness. The
auditors one by one slunk away, whereupon he shouted, "Go !
go ! in the name of our common Creator, I bid you to work in
His vineyard. He promises a penny a day each and to my
certain knowledge not one of you is worth half the money."
The Governor then spoke feelingly of the tablets to the
"Confederate Dead," beginning with Bishop General Leon-
idas Polk, saying "upon his brow all the gods had set their
seals, to give assurance to the world that he was a man."
He then paid a tribute to his classmate, General James Johns-
ton Pettigrew, stating that he, John Pool, and General Mat-
thew W. Ransom, were the three most brilliant members of
the class. I fully concur with the following estimate, "I have
no hesitation in saying, that in intellectual endowment and
power of acquiring knowledge Pettigrew surpassed any man
that I ever met. He was equally distinguished in all his
classes, in his society, and on the playground."
Dr. Eugene Grissom, chairman of the committee to pre-
pare resolutions showing the appreciation of the Board of
the valuable services rendered by Governor Thomas J. Jarvis,
presented the following in substance :
The Board gratefully acknowledged the Governor's effort
throughout his term to extend the usefulness of the Univer-
sity. In every message he made an earnest appeal for it. His
wise counsels were never lacking at any meeting of the Board
or Executive Committee, or at Commencement. For the ex-
istence of Memorial Hall and lastly for efficient aid in secur-
ing the first appropriation to the University his counsels and
influence were potent.
Colonel Paul B. Means seconded the resolutions. Speaking
of Governor Jarvis, he said, "Such men are always great be-
cause they are foremost among their fellows in the march of
time ; because they have the intellect and soul to grasp and be
inspired with the genius of society and their day ; because they
fully comprehend their age and do not betray it ; because un-
328 History of University of North Carolina.
der the inspiration from their God and their people, they
make the revolutions of progress march onward and orderly
beneath the eagles. The public life of Governor Jarvis in
every station in which he stood under the great eye of the pub-
lic declares him such. His gubernatorial administration in the
very much that he has said and done for the great causes of
education, agriculture, internal improvements and the vital
interests of North Carolina, proclaim him great."
Mr. Fabius H. Busbee then presented the formal thanks of
the Board of Trustees to Mr. Cameron for his timely loan
without which the Hall could not have been finished.' Then
was sung Mrs. Spencer's "University Ode" :
Dear University!
Thy sons right loyally
Thy praises sing.
The Benediction was by the Rev. Lennox B. Turnbull, of
the Presbyterian Church of Durham. The presiding officer
was Colonel Thomas S. Kenan, President of the Alumni
Association. The music was furnished by two student organi-
zations, the Glee Club and the Mandolin Club.
It should be added that under the architect, Samuel Sloan,
were his assistant, A. G. Bauer, the superintendent of ma-
sonry, John Richards, and the master builder, J. B. Dougherty
(pronounced Dokarty). Mr. Dougherty showed a business
view of things when he pointed to a vacant niche and said,
"Mr. Cameron, we are saving that for your tablet." In five
years the statement was verified. Mr. Dougherty warned the
bystanders that it was unsafe for any one to climb the flag-
pole. Not knowing this Mr. William M. Walton, afterwards
a Lieutenant in the United States Army, accepting an offer of
five dollars, climbed the pole without cleats and adjusted the
flagropes. It was pitiful that this plucky young man should
lose his life from the terrible disease, tuberculosis. Two of the
assistants, Bauer and Richards, in a few years died the death
of suicides.
After some years' trial the general verdict is that the
acoustics of the Hall are not gfood. Part of the criticism
Commencement of 1885. 329
comes from its size, but undeniably on certain benches the
reverberation of the speaker's voice is painfully apparent.
President Winston attempted with indifferent success to cor-
rect the evil by hanging muslin along the ceiling. He also by
the advice of Rev. Air. Wing, who gave $500 for the purpose,
elevated the floor so as to be horizontal instead of declining
towards the rostrum. The floor was then used for athletic
purposes until the erection of the Bynum Gymnasium. This
did not escape criticism as a desecration of a memorial hall.
but the defense was that the University was in no condition
to have a structure so costly used only one day in the year.
One time in the year the seats in the Hall are substantially
filled, 2,400 in number, and nearly one hundred more on the
rostrum, the people from all the country around and from
distant cities and towns attending the ceremonies of Com-
mencement Day.
In order to heal an apparently irreconcilable difference in
regard to the election of Marshals the Trustees took action.
They gave the election to the Junior class out of their own
members. The certificate of the President was made conclu-
sive evidence of the fact of membership in the class. This
plan has worked well for nearly twenty years. At present
there is harmony about the selection of Representatives as they
are chosen by committees of the alumni after hearing the can-
didates deliver competitive orations. At one time they were
elected by the societies with the inevitable result that the spirit
of party sometimes caused men to be chosen who were not the
best exponent of their culture.
The program of the Commencement this year was slightly
different in order from its predecessors, the sermon of Bishop
A. W. Wilson being placed on Commencement Day.
The dedication of Memorial Hall took place on Wednesday
morning. In the afternoon the Hon. James W. Reid delivered
the address before the two literary societies. He was intro-
duced most felicitously by Mr. W. D. Pollock. His subject was
"The True Glorv of Youno- Men." He earnestlv ur°:ed the cul-
330 History of University of North Carolina.
tivation of the intellect, moral courage, patriotism, belief in Di-
vine revelation. Education and religion must go hand in hand
to attain true success.
At night the representatives chosen by the two societies
competed for the prize. The first speaker was Malcolm McGil-
vary Shields on "The Rubicon is Crossed" — the dark days for
the South have passed.
Gilbert Brown Patterson's subject was "The Architect,"
the benefit conferred on mankind through the ages by archi-
tecture.
Edward Fountain Strickland spoke on "The Windows that
Exclude the Light," detailing some of the evils threatening the
Government.
Then James Thomas described eloquently the character of
the Pilgrim Fathers.
Walter Seaton Dunston argued vehemently in the affirmative
of his subject, "Let Our Industries Be Encouraged."
Pierre Beauregard Manning vindicated the motives of
the Invisible Empire (Ku Klux).
The judges favored Mr. Thomas.
Commencement Day, on June 4, witnessed the coming of at
least two thousand people into Memorial Hall. The sermon to
the graduating class by Right Reverend A. W. Wilson, Bishop
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, was preached in the
morning. His text was "Whether we be beside ourselves it is
to God, whether we be sober it is to God." Without God's
aid all our intellectual labor is worthless. The sermon was
most able and searching.
After a short intermission the ten members of the graduates
entitled to speak, viz., three on account of scholarship and
seven elected by competitive speaking, delivered orations.
The first speaker was Alexander Jones Feild. His subject
was "The Duty of Educated Men in a Republic." Our Gov-
ernment should be rescued from the aristocracy into which, to
a great degree, it has fallen.
Berrie Chandler Mclver followed on the subject "Storm
Commencement of 1885. 331
Clouds in the Highlands," giving high praise to the courage
and patriotism of the wearers of the tartan.
A. D. Ward, next on the program, was unable to speak
on account of temporary sickness.
James Alexander Bryan, soon to be a minister of the Gos-
pel, spoke on "The Victories of Christianity."' A bold, but we
hope not a wild, prophecy was heralded. "Ere long Chris-
tianity will have entirely substituted arbitration for force of
arms."
Adolphus Hill Eller followed with a very practical discus-
sion of "Higher Education in North Carolina." The State and
denominational institutions must work in harmony. There is
room for all.
Ernest Preston Mangum discoursed on a grand subject,
"The Trophies of a Noble Life." He contrasted the self-
seeking of the wonderful genius Napoleon with the far more
exceeding greatness of Washington, Lee, and Stonewall Jack-
son, who fought for their country and not for their own glory.
Then came Marion Butler on "The Heroes and Conquests
of Invention." The captains of industry should be recognized
as greater factors in their country's greatness than has been
usual.
St. Leon Scull spoke on "The Cultivation of a National
History." It is necessary in order to arouse patriotic feelings.
North Carolina has been remiss in this regard.
Jesse Felix West came next with a discourse on "The Dis-
memberment of Virginia." Virginia has suffered more than
any other State. Justice should be done. The public debt
should be fairly apportioned.
The Valedictorian, Solomon Cohen Weill, came last. It had
gone out of fashion to have a real farewell to his Faculty,
classmates and other fellow students. He handled ably "Na-
tional Decay and Individual Character." The ideal of the
Greek was beauty : of the Roman, the soldier ; of the American,
the individual. We recognize no aristocracy but that of merit.
To this is our strength and greatness due.
The judges and audience favored the last speech as the best.
332 History of University of North Carolina.
Medals and prizes were awarded as follows :
The Mangtjm Medal and the Valedictory Oration to S. C.
Weill.
The Classical Oration to B. C. Mclver.
The Greek Medal for Scholarship to L. P. McGehee; for Im-
provement, A. M. Simmons.
The Phillips Mathematical Prize to L. P. McGehee.
The Worth Prize to A. D. Ward (the Philosophical oration).
The Chemistry Medal to Max Jackson.
The Latin Prize to L. P. McGehee.
The Representative Medal to James Thomas.
The Academic degrees were :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 11
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 9
Bachelors of Science ( B.S. ) 3
Bachelors of Law 2
(See Appendix.)
Mr. Emile Alexander de Schweinitz attained the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy.
Of the graduates Butler has been United States Senator;
Eller, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Demo-
cratic party. Mangum, Superintendent of Graded Schools
of Wilson ; Mann, Superintendent of the State's Prison ;
Mclver, Superintendent of Schools ; Monroe, very suc-
cessful in the insurance business ; Riddick, Professor of Civil
Engineering in North Carolina College of Agriculture and Me-
chanic Arts ; Weill, who died early, in the Legislature of New
York ; Goodman, a prominent lawyer ; Hill, Superintendent of
Schools ; Howard, a prosperous merchant ; Jackson, a promi-
nent physician ; Neal, a contractor and civil engineer ; New-
man, a Professor and clergyman ; Ward, State Senator and
able lawyer ; West, a prominent lawyer and Judge ; Bryan, a
highly esteemed Presbyterian preacher ; Scull, a prominent
lawyer, and De Schweinitz, a skillful chemist under the United
States and Professor in a University at Washington.
In the afternoon Col. W. L. Steele read the report of the
Visiting Committee of the Trustees. It praised the Faculty
for successful management and rejoiced that the recent gener-
Election of New Professors, 1885. 333
cms appropriation of the General Assembly will enable us to
keep pace with the educational progress of the day.
The General Assembly having increased the annuity to the
University by $15,000, there were considerable Faculty addi-
tions and readjustments in iS85-'86. Prof. A. W. Mangum
became the head of the department of Moral and Mental Sci-
ence. Professor Hooper's health gave way in the fall of 1885,
causing his resignation. Sol. C. Weill was Acting Professor
of the Greek Language and Literature during the second term.
Dr. Eben Alexander was elected to fill the vacancy. Professor
Winston was relieved of German and was confined to Latin
Language and Literature.
The Trustees concluded that the best plan for apprising the
public of our educational needs was to advertise the creation
of the new chairs and request applicants to send in their cre-
dentials. This was done and several hundred applicants ex-
pressed their willingness to serve the University. Mr. P. B.
Manning was employed to classify them for the use of the
Trustees, making an abstract of the qualifications and testi-
monials.
The Trustees met by adjournment in June, 1885, in the Gov-
ernors office. The number of candidates was so great that a
committee was appointed, Col. W. L. Steele, chairman ; Col.
James S. Amis, Maj. A. M. Lewis, Chief Justice W. T. Fair-
cloth, and President Battle, to classify the applicants with their
recommendations. Of course they were necessarily obliged to
form opinions as to the superiority of some over others. Hence
it was charged very unjustly by friends of those who failed,
that there was favoritism. The holding the session in the Sen-
ate Chamber, though perhaps necessary, had the evil effect of
losing the atmosphere of secrecy and confidential deliberation,
which usually prevailed in the meetings of the Board. The
election was perfectly fair and the best men, in the opinion of
the Board, were chosen by a decided majority.
The new Professors were Rev. Thomas Hume, D.D., LL.D.,
English Language and Literature. Dr. Hume is a native of
Virginia; took A.M. at the University of Virginia; was for
ten vears President of Norfolk Female College, and for fifteen
334 History of University of North Carolina.
years devoted himself to the successful study and teaching of
the English Language. He had the strong endorsement of Dr.
John A. Broadus, Prof. Noah K. Davis, Prof. Crawford Toy,
of Harvard ; Dr. Thomas H. Pritchard, Congressman Goode,
Dr. J. L. M. Curry, and others.
Prof. Nelson B. Henry was elected to the Chair of the
Science and Art of Teaching. He graduated at a Normal Col-
lege in Indiana. He had been for four years Professor of
Methods of Teaching and School Management and also of
English Language and Literature. He had passed through
all the grades of teacher from principal of a public country
school and city graded school to his present position. He had
conducted Normal School institutes with ability, and was
then president of the State Teachers' Association. He was
associate editor of the Missouri School Journal. Private letters
to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Methodist
Bishop in Missouri and eight other leaders of all denomina-
tions in Missouri elicited answers strongly endorsing him. He
was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, a
native and citizen of Missouri, about forty years of age.
Prof. Walter Dallam Toy, a native of Norfolk, Virginia,
chosen to the Chair of Modern Languages, is a brother of the
learned Dr. Crawford H. Toy, Professor of Oriental Languages
in Harvard Lniversity. He graduated with A.M. at the Uni-
versity of Virginia, with highest reputation for scholarship.
He is especially eminent for his knowledge of classical and
especially modern languages. He spent some time in study in
Germany and France, his idiom being so excellent that in Ger-
many he was taken for a German and in France for a French-
man. He had taught several years with marked success. He
was about twenty-nine years of age.
Dr. William B. Phillips was elected to the Chair of Agri-
cultural Chemistry and Mining, eldest son of Dr. Charles Phil-
lips, long Professor of Mathematics in the University of North
Carolina, from which Dr. William Phillips graduated with high
honor in 1877. He obtained his postgraduate degree of Doctor
of Philosophy in 1883. He served for several years as first
assistant in the State Chemical Laboratorv under Drs. Ledoux
William Cain
Eben Alexander
R. H. Whitehead
H. H. Williams
K. P. Harrington
W. T. Patterson
The New Professors, 1885. 335
and Dabney, and acted for one year as State Geologist. For
three years past he had been chemist-in-chief to the Navassa
Gnano Company.
Mr. James Lee Love, of Gastonia, received the Assistant
Professorship of Pure Mathematics. He was one of the most
able mathematicians graduated at the University since its re-
opening— indeed his college reputation is excelled only by Pet-
tigrew. He was the president of the Senior Class, which
showed his influence among students. After graduating at the
University in 1884, he took a year's course at Johns Hopkins
University. He was highly recommended among others by his
Professor, one of the ablest mathematicians of the country,
Ralph H. Graves, the head of the department in which he was
to teach.
George F. Atkinson was elected Assistant Professor of
Natural History. He was a native of Michigan and was then
pursuing special studies in Botany and Zoology at Cornell Uni-
versity, of which he was a graduate. He had taught for two
years in a college in Alabama. He was strongly endorsed by
Dr. Andrew D. White, President of Cornell University, Prof.
Burt G. Wilder, and other eminent scientific men. They tes-
tified to his remarkable success in his specialties.
As there was sensitiveness in some quarters in regard to
religious affiliations of members of the Faculty I state that
Messrs. Hume and Toy were Baptists, Mr. Henry a Methodist,
Phillips and Love Presbyterians, and Atkinson a Congrega-
tionalist. But those facts were not known nor considered by
the Trustees.
As the University did not have the necessary appliances for
instruction in the department of Agricultural Chemistry and
Mining, and needed reinforcements in other directions, it was
resolved to postpone the entrance of Dr. Phillips on his duties
for a year. Likewise the election of a Professor of Natural
History was postponed as there was then no eligible candidate.
When the result of the election became known there began
to flow a torrent of ill natured criticism, of a very trivial
nature, mostly from those who had opposed the State appro-
priation. One editor complained that while four Christian
336 History of University of North Carolina.
bodies were represented in the Faculty, and his smaller de-
nomination not at all, it had offered a good man as a candidate
and he was not chosen. This preference of another must have
proceeded from favoritism, the successful candidate being a
son-in-law of a lady long identified with the University. Presi-
dent Battle was sharply criticised. The answer to this was,
first, that it was impossible, as well as improper, to choose a
professor to gratify a religious body, that if this rule should be
adopted it would probably be at the sacrifice of efficiency; that
there were many denominations whose claims were as strong
as that now asking for recognition, and finally, that Mr. Love,
in the opinion of the Board of Trustees as well as the Faculty,
was the best man for the place. In stating facts showing this
superiority President Battle did only what all college presidents
habitually do and ought to do.
Again, an ill natured attack was made on Dr. Phillips. It
was charged that he was too young and not qualified for his
chair, and that to remedy such disqualification, after his elec-
tion, he would repair to Germany in order to supplement his
ignorance.
This was all untrue. Dr. Phillips was a graduate of eigh-
teen years standing, older by several years than Professors
Winston, Venable, Gore, Holmes, Dr. James Phillips, Dr.
Elisha Mitchell, were when elected. The University of Texas,
on the recommendation of the classical professors of Harvard
University chose a Professor of Greek six years younger than
he. Men of established reputation could not be secured for
our small salaries. There is not a University in the Union
which has not had professors younger than he.
As for his qualifications his training made him peculiarly an
expert in his department. He had not only taken his degree
in the Scientific course, but by studying two years in Chemis-
try, Mining, and Geology had won the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy. He then, as above said, spent several years as first
assistant under Dr. Ledoux in the State Chemical Laboratory.
He had for years been the chemist in charge of the Navassa
works, engaged in the manufacture of fertilizers. Moreover,
Dr. Phillips is a very able man, a capable teacher and lecturer,
Enlarged Facilities in 1885. 337
very ambitious to be first in his line. When he found that his
services would not be needed for twelve months, it was no con-
fession of weakness but much to his credit to be willing at his
own cost and charges to spend the time under the great masters
in the laboratories of Germany.
Such attacks as these show that the authors were blinded by
prejudice, as all acquainted with the practice of electing pro-
fessors in universities and colleges know well. In this case
the attack was especially absurd because the officers criticised
were beyond all question well qualified, and a strong commit-
tee of Trustees, of which Col. Walter L. Steele was chairman,
had, at the request of the Board, examined the credentials of
all the candidates and unanimously recommended the selections,
which met the approval of the Board.
Circular Announcing Changes.
The Faculty, through a committee (Messrs. Battle, Man-
ning, Winston, Graves, and W. B. Phillips), issued a circular
to the alumni and friends of the University, concerning the
changes consequent on the enlarged appropriation, which is
here condensed :
First, Enlargement of the Faculty from nine to fifteen.
Second, Full undergraduate instruction in all branches of
Literature, Philosophy, and Science. Continuous instruction
for four years in Latin, Greek, English, Modern Languages,
and Mathematics. Enlarged facilities in laboratory and field,
extending over longer periods. Increased instruction in Moral
Philosophy.
Third, Special opportunities in the branches relating to Agri-
culture and the Mechanic Arts, in Engineering and Normal
Instruction.
Fourth, Postgraduate courses leading to degrees of Master
of Arts (A.M.), Master of Philosophy (Ph.M.), and the still
further advanced degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.).
These courses open to graduates of any institution without
tuition charges. The degree of Master of Arts was no longer
granted, of course, to any graduate embracing a professional
career for three years, as was the rule prior to 1875.
22
338 History of University of North Carolina.
Fifth, Additions to the Physical, Chemical, Mineralogical,
Zoological, and Botanical Museums and Laboratories.
Sixth, Memorial Hall, a grand auditorium, a testimonial to
our Confederate dead and the great and good men of the Uni-
versity; a new gymnasium, no by 45 feet, has been fitted up;
a new Chemical Laboratory, 70 by 30 feet, is being constructed ;
a Reading Room, supplied with leading periodicals, has been
made free to all ; the libraries of the University and of the two
societies, over 20,000 volumes, have been conveniently placed
in alcoves in Smith Hall and are accessible every day.
Seventh, In addition to the Deems Fund a large tract of
land, about fifteen hundred acres, the Francis Jones Smith
Fund, has been devised to the University, the income to aid the
deserving poor.
Eighth, There is here a strong spirit of economy. Board
from $8 to $12.50 per month. Total expenses, excluding cloth-
ing, traveling, furniture of room, pocket money, and society
fees, range from $181.50 to $246 for the collegiate year, $60 to
be deducted from these amounts in the case of those having
free tuition. A young man now standing high as a physician,
by hiring a cook to bring his meals to his room, lived on $100
a year and always appeared well dressed.
The University claims to take its proper place in the front
rank of educational institutions, and asks its friends to make
this fact known and appreciated.
Postgraduate Course.
A circular was likewise issued on the subject of Postgrad-
uate Degrees. Master of Arts will be conferred on those who
have taken the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and have pursued,
with residence, a postgraduate course of one year in three de-
partments. The degree of Master of Science is awarded to a
graduate in the Philosophical course, and the study for one
year in three departments of science. The degree of Doctor of
Philosophy requires two years study in two or three depart-
ments. For these degrees approved examinations must be had
and approved theses submitted.
The following- detailed statement mav be interestinsr : The
Postgraduate Courses, 1885. 339
Postgraduates in Constitutional Law must study the ori-
gin and development of the unwritten English Constitution
and the written Constitutions of the United States and of
North Carolina, also of the Roman law. Such works as those
of Hallam, Stubbs, Green, Bancroft, Curtis, Yon Hoist,
Tucker, and the opinions of the Chief Justices and Justices
of the Supreme Court are consulted.
In Political Economy will be studied such authorities as
Roscher, Mill, Bagehot, McLeod, Adam Smith, Fawcett and
others. It will be the effort of the President to give the
student material and teach him to form his own conclusions
on the great questions of Constitutional Law and Economics.
In the Classic Languages and Literature, there will be
three lectures a week the first and second years, and one the
third, in each language. No one admitted whose undergradu-
ate scholarship was under 85, and no honors, diplomas, or
certificates to one whose postgraduate rank is below 90. The
general plan is to group together such authors as will best
illustrate whatever subject the class is investigating.
English Language and Literature: The four years un-
dergraduate course includes work in Rhetoric, Essays and
Orations, Historical Grammar and Philology, the study of
Standard Authors, etc., with an elective course in Anglo-
Saxon Languages and Literature. The postgraduate course
may be in any one of the following groups :
1. Grammar of Anglo-Saxon, Old English, Old English
Mythology.
2. Fourteenth Century Studies, Chaucer, etc.
3. Rise and Progress of the English Drama.
4. English Bible Version from the Anglo-Saxon period.
5. Lyric Poetry — Burns, Shakespeare's Sonnets, etc.
6. Wordsworth, Carlyle.
7. American Poetry and Humor.
8. The older Morte d' Arthur Literature, Malory, Tenny-
son.
French. Two years course: History of French Literature.
History of France, Literature of the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, Introduction to studv of Historical French Grammar.
34-0 History of University of North Carolina.
German. One year course. History of German Litera-
ture, History of Germany, German Literature 1760 to 1823.
Tzl'o years course. History of German Literature, History
of Germany, German Literature 1748 to present; Comparison
of Luther's language with that of today.
The student will be expected to have studied successfully
the undergraduate courses in these languages and to read
them on sight. In the periods designated only enough of the
representatives required to understand the character of the
times. The Professor will meet the students once a week.
Mathematics. The studies to be selections from such sub-
jects as Differential Equations, Higher Algebra, Modern
Geometry, Quaternions, Analytic Mechanics, etc.
Chemistry. A course of reading in Theoretical and Ap-
plied Chemistry under direction of the Professor, with weekly
reviews. Students will be required to tabulate all facts with
regard to certain compounds, or series of compounds, and to
compile monographs and bibliographies from general chemi-
cal literature.
Similar courses in Mineralogical and Metallurgical studies.
In the Laboratory advanced analytical or research work,
organic or inorganic, is assigned.
Natural Philosophy. (i) Physics: Experimental in-
struction, use of apparatus, physical manipulation, physical
measurements with instruments of precision. Theoretical:
Method of Least Squares, study of advanced work on selected
portions of Physics. (2) Mechanics and Astronomy: The
study of Mechanics and Physical Astronomy with the aid of
Calculus. A fair acquaintance with Differential and Integral
Calculus is essential.
Geology, Botany, Zoology, etc. ( 1 ) Courses in General
Geology, with the general principles of Dynamical, Structural,
and Historical Geology. (2) Economic Geology, including its
application to Mining, Agriculture, Architecture, etc. Special
attention to the Geology of North Carolina. (3) Lithology
and Field Geology, with microscopic study of rocks in geologic
field.
Botany — (1) Field and laboratory work on plants in the
Teachers' Course and School of Law. 341
Chapel Hill region. (2) Special on special groups — especially
the grasses. (3) Economic and Systematic Botany, especially
the uses of plants.
Zoology — Courses in General and Systematic Zoology, Psy-
chology, Anatomy and Physiology of Domesticated Animals,
together with Principles of Breeding and Feeding.
Entomology — General Entomology, including the preser-
vation of insects for the Museum. Systematic Entomology,
including the identification of a number of species, represent-
ing the most important orders. Economic Entomology : The
life history of insects injurious to vegetation, and remedies.
Opportunities for practice in breeding insects useful to man.
Connected with this circular was a notice that, as com-
manded by the Constitution, the department of the Science
and Art of Teaching, in other words a Normal Department
had been inaugurated.
Teachers' Course. The Teachers' Course included the or-
ganization and management of Public Schools, the supervision
of Graded and City Schools, methods of teaching the various
branches, methods of cultivating the mental faculties, the his-
tory of education and educators.
The classes will meet once a week for examinations in the
following subjects: Education as a Science, The True Order
of Studies, Psychology in its Bearings on Education, Philos-
ophy of Education, American State Universities, Educational
Reports, and such current educational literature as the instruc-
tor may suggest.
School of Law. In addition to the studies required for
obtaining license to practice law an extension of studies was
offered leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws (B.L.).
The course embraced new subjects, such as the changes in the
Rights of Husband and Wife, and Exemption from Execution
under the Constitution of 1868, together with a more extended
acquaintance of the law of Real Property, Contracts, Torts,
Equity, Jurisprudence, Constitutional Limitations, and Cor-
porations.
Short Courses. The experience of the L'niversity showed
that numbers of voting: men from lack of time, or monev, or
342 History of University of North Carolina.
previous preparation, were unable to complete one of the full
four years courses of study. The Faculty grouped together
in three short courses, extending over two years, such studies
as are of especial importance to certain classes of men.
I — Teachers' Course. In each spring a Teachers' Course of
three months for the benefit of teachers who wish to pursue
advanced work. The tuition in this course is free.
II — Business Course. First year — Business Law (i hour
a week), English (2), Mathematics (4), Physics (2), Phys-
iology and Hygiene (3), History (1), Biological Labora-
tory (2).
Second year — Chemistry (3) or Geology and Mineralogy
(3), English (1), Mathematics (4), Constitution of the United
States and of North Carolina and Political Economy (3),
English Literature (3), Mental and Moral Science (2).
Ill — The Physicians' or Pharmacists' Course. First year —
Chemistry (3), Chemical Laboratory (3), Biological Labora-
tory (2), English (2). Latin (4), History (1).
Second year — Physiology, Zoology, and Botany (3). In-
dustrial Chemistry (3) or Quantitative Chemical Analysis (3),
Constitution of the United States and of North Carolina,
Political Economy (3), English Literature (3), Latin (4),
or Greek (4), or French (3), or German (3), English (1),
Physics (2), Business Law (1), Mental and Moral Science
(2). Those completing either of these courses are entitled to a
certificate of proficiency.
Some of the courses were of much value for several years be-
fore the increase of higher schools, where boys could be trained
for the University. They were especially needed for the class
of students entitled to admission under the Land Grant. When
that was taken from the University they were abolished.
Societies and Fraternities.
In this year, 1885, the Faculty passed a law that all students
except Medical and Law students, graduate and special stu-
dents, and such as should be specially excused by the Faculty,
should join the societies. Non-members not allowed to room in
Societies and Fraternities, 1885. 343
the University building except by special permission. If a
member should resign from a society or be expelled, the case
will be considered by the Faculty. It should be remembered
that they have no right to delegate to the societies, or any other
body, the right to dismiss a student. This is a judicial function.
The Representatives and Marshals must be taken from the
society members. Two Representatives for Commencement
debate to be chosen from each society by a committee of the
Faculty.
In the same year, on the petition of Alpha Tau Omega,
Kappa Alpha and Phi Kappa Sigma, the Faculty recommended
and the Trustees granted the admission of all fraternities or
Greek Letter societies on condition that they would provide the
Faculty with the names of their members and would pledge
themselves not to use intoxicating liquors at any banquet given
at Chapel Hill.
This last provision is in accordance with the settled policy
of the University for three-quarters of a century to enforce tem-
perance in the University and in the village of Chapel Hill.
The law provided that no such liquors could be sold at first for
two miles and after 1876 four miles from the corporate limits.
In its early years "grog shops" were licensed to carry on busi-
ness in the village. They were found to be the sources of dis-
sipation, rowdyism, and mischief.
A similar law exists with regard to theatrical performances
and circuses and similar caterers to amusement, but the Faculty
or the President has the power to allow them. The knowledge
of the difficulty of obtaining this permission, coupled with the
want of a suitable hall, and the fact that Chapel Hill is not
on the main line of travel, keeps away most of these perform-
ances. So few are willing to overcome these disadvantages
that the two societies and the Faculty unite through a joint
committee in giving a guaranty to six entertainments annually,
offering them the use of Gerrard Hall. Of course only those
supposed to be of value in cultivating the intellectual or artistic
taste of the students are invited. The societies, in considera-
tion of such guaranty, have their members admitted without
charge.
344 History of University of North Carolina.
In 1885 died Washington Caruthers Kerr, State Geologist
and Lecturer on Geology in the University. He graduated
here in 1850, sharing the first honor with two others. He
then took a course under Agassiz and others at Harvard, and
was Professor of Geology at Davidson College. He was ap-
pointed State Geologist in 1864, and made important publica-
tions in regard to the mineral and other resources of the State.
He was a man of decided talent, energy and probity. His suc-
cessor, Joseph A. Holmes, delivered an address at Chapel
Hill, reviewing his life and work. His University training was
by the generosity of the Dialectic Society and when the Uni-
versity was reorganized in 1875 ne made a handsome donation
to its treasury.
Miss Mary Ruffin Smith.
In November of this year (1885) died a notable bene-
factor of the University, Mary Ruffin Smith. She was daugh-
ter of James S. Smith, M.D., who was an able physician and
had represented his county (Orange) in the General Assem-
bly and the Convention of 1835, and was for two terms a
Representative in Congress of the United States. He was
long a Trustee of the University, and an active one. Her
mother was daughter of Lieutenant Francis Jones of the
Revolution. She had two brothers, who died before her, un-
married, and she inherited their property. She never mar-
ried.
After some minor bequests to her former household slaves,
she devised the bulk of her fortune to the Protestant Episco-
pal Church in North Carolina, and a plantation of about fifteen
hundred acres in Chatham County to the University to further
the education of indigent students. She appointed President
Battle executor.
Miss Smith was one of the best of her sex. Of modest,
unassuming manners, of superior intellect, of wide informa-
tion, especially in medical botany, of deep piety, of boundless
charity in deed and word, she tenderly nursed with patience
and skill the dying sickness of mother, father, two brothers,
and a devoted friend, her girlhood's teacher, Miss Maria Spear,
and died the last of her race.
Historic Dwelling Burned, 1885. 345
It is a coincidence that she was akin to two other female
benefactors of the University, Mary Ann Smith and Mary
Elizabeth (Morgan) Mason, but these latter were not akin to
one another.
On Christmas morning- was burned the dwelling house
built by Mrs. Wm. Hooper, born Helen Hogg, on a site a few
feet to the east of that now occupied by the new house
of President Yenable. She had settled in Chapel Hill in order
to educate her boys, and soon afterwards married President
Caldwell. He changed his residence from the President's
house to the residence of his bride and occupied it until his
death in 1835. As the arrangement of the rooms was unsuit-
able for little children, President Swain chose the house next
to the Episcopal Church, now ( 1912) occupied by Dr. Bain,
and the Caldwell mansion was assigned to Prof. W. M. Green.
When he accepted the bishopric of Mississippi in 1849 Presi-
dent Swain adopted it as the President's house. Here he en-
tertained three Presidents, Polk, Buchanan, and Johnson, the
last two having slept under his roof. During the Pool admin-
istration it was occupied by Professor Patrick. On the revival
in 1875 the Chairman of the Faculty. Dr. Phillips, succeeded to
the occupancy. On his retirement Prof. J. DeBerniere Hooper
adopted it as his residence until his resignation when it was as-
signed to Rev. Dr. Hume. He moved into it with his family the
day before Christmas. A quantity of goods boxes, straw and
other combustible material was accumulated in an outhouse
about ten feet from the main building and the negligence of a
young negro servant girl set them in flames. It was about
dinner time and the neighbors quickly gathered to fight the fire.
But there was in Chapel Hill no fire engine. There was no
hook and ladder company to tear down the outhouse, which was
built of heartpine. Buckets of water proved insufficient to
retard the spread of the flames, although there was no wind
blowing, and soon the historic edifice was in ashes.
Until 1876 the square was undivided and there was no
street along its eastern border. In that year a short street
bearing the name of Caldwell was laid off and accepted by the
346 History of University of North Carolina.
town commissioners and soon afterwards a lot next to it sold
to James Lee Love, then Associate Professor of Mathematics.
He built a residence on it and when he removed to Harvard
University, it was purchased by Dr. Richard H. Whitehead,
and on his removal to the University of Virginia, was sold
to Mr. H. H. Patterson. In 1909 the handsome President's
house was built on the western three-fourths of the lot.
Lecture by Governor Vance.
The students, Faculty, and villagers were greatly edified by
hearing from Governor Vance his far-famed lecture on the
"Scattered Nation." It was one of the ablest and most inter-
esting ever heard from our rostrum. An incident connected
with his "Scattered Nation" address is interesting. A num-
ber of Hebrews, charmed with it, had combined to give him a
handsome gold-headed cane, suitably engraved. While he was
at dinner at Greensboro, the cane, left in the car, was stolen.
Some time afterwards a Jew of New York purchased and
returned it.
Judge A. S. Merrimon, who had been elected to the Senate
over Vance by a coalition of Republicans and a handful of
Democrats, took umbrage at the remark of the student intro-
ducing Vance. The introducer expressed the hope that this
election would be reversed. The Senator complained to Presi-
dent Battle because he did not rebuke the taking sides at a lit-
erary gathering, but the President did not think that the en-
thusiastic utterance of a student should be publicly noticed,
although the remark was plainly "out of order."
The students were not satisfied with the polished lecture,
but called on Vance tumultuously at his lodgings at President
Battle's residence. In bringing him out President Battle re-
marked that he claimed the Governor as his own by right of
"first discovery" — that in 1848, during his first visit to Ashe-
ville he shook hands with a young man full of wit and humor.
On closer acquaintance he discovered a remarkable familiarity
with the Bible, Shakespeare, and Scott's novels. He reported
to his friends that there was a young man beyond the Blue
Ridge who would certainly become famous. He was the first
Death of Dr. Thomas W. Harris, 1886. 347
man who had predicted away from his mountain fastnesses the
success of Zebulon Baird Vance. The Governor answered the
call on him by a speech of unparalleled humor, wit, and elo-
quence.
In 1886 there was a difficulty in regard to teaching History,
Dr. Mangum's health requiring him to give up this part of his
work. The result was that part was undertaken by President
Battle and the rest assumed by Professors in the several
departments.
In the same year Dr. Thomas YV. Harris resigned his Pro-
fessorship of Anatomy and Materia Medica and removed with
his family to Durham. He did not long survive, dying almost
in the prime of life. He had distinguished himself as a Cap-
tain of Cavalry in the Confederate Army, was a man of high-
est character and purpose, of strong intellect, of large acquisi-
tion in the realm of his profession, trained in this country and
in Paris. As a citizen and as a physician he was deeply
lamented.
Resolution Against Hazing.
In this year (1886) occurred a case of hazing, notable be-
cause of the three engaged in it two had left the institution
and received their letters of honorable dismission. These let-
ters were ordered to be recalled and the sentence of dismission
was passed upon the student who was still subject to the
authority of the Faculty.
In addition to the laws of the societies against hazing, which
have been mentioned, the Senior Class passed a resolution to
use their influence against it, bearing especially on the injury
to the University by frightening off the timid. The Sophs,
not to be outdone, agreed to refrain from the custom, but in
language showing that in their judgment it was not wrong.
They said, "We blot from our speech, and from the book of
our remembrance, all preconceived ideas of blacking, trotting,
bull riding, and spanking, and we submit ourselves wholly to
the Faculty's fatherly guidance.
"Second. That we exert ourselves to create sentiments of
348 History of University of North Carolina.
pity and affection for all youths who may come among us and
we sympathize with those who rule over us.
"Third. We will expel from our class, and treat with every
indignity known to us, any one who shall hereafter use the
word, the odious word, 'Fresh.'
"Fourth. That we address new students as 'the gentlemen
who recently arrived on the Hill/ that we treat them as friends
and brothers, that we solve their problems, write their essays,
loan them our textbooks, and endeavor in every way to make
their stay in college one of continual happiness and uninter-
rupted bliss."
The persistence of the practice of hazing is difficult to under-
stand by those who know that it is injurious to the reputation
of the University, and diminishes its patronage, besides
seriously detracting from the character of the participants as
gentlemen. The argument is given for it in an editorial of the
University Magazine, with the premise that a few of the old
alumni also defend the practice :
"Hazing, in professional phraseology, may be a relic of bar-
barism and of a ruder age, but it also has a good side," says the
editor. "We say, after a four years' experience as Fresh-
man, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior, that judicious hazing
serves to inculcate respect for college discipline. When a boy
enters college he is without restraint, no longer fearing the
rod, or if he be from a military school the guardroom, and
reasonable hazing teaches him that his deportment must be in
accord with the new world in which he has entered.
"Again, if a Freshman meets with naught but courtesy, he
attributes it to a lack of spirit in the older students, or to supe-
riority in himself. The effect of the stipulation between the
societies abolishing hazing three years before, made the subse-
quent Freshmen classes intolerably conceited and cheeky.
"A boy entering college is like a cockerel beginning to crow.
He is considered brilliant at home. What better remedy for
his arrogance than to force him to trot half a mile or make a
speech to jeering auditors?
"Hazing, then, is what a new student expects; it limits his
admiration of himself; it keeps him in his room at night at
Hazing Discussed. 349
his studies ; it keeps quiet in the building in study hours ; it
secures respect for the laws of the University and of the socie-
ties ; it makes better students and makes them more respectful
to professors, and teaches them to have regard to public
sentiment.
"Look at the infants in the University. Fathers allowed
them to leave the nursery because hazing was abolished. They
are not of the age or experience to resist temptation. If haz-
ing had been feared they would have been kept at home longer.
"What student does not recall with pleasure those 'Fresh
treats' of the olden time, when the air was thick with water-
melon rinds, and village, campus, and surrounding hills echoed
with the shouts of fleeing Fresh and pursuing Soph? What
more harmless fun and more replete with incidents for happy
recollection in after years?
"We recall our Freshman experience with genuine pleasure.
We are rather proud of it for the rich fund of anecdote it left
us. Terrific falls from the back of the cow, which had reached
her end of a rope tied to a tree ; trotting barefoot over gravel
walks, with an escort of three; pulled from the bed by the
heel at midnight, and compelled to recite 'Mary had a little
lamb,' have no terrors for us now, but carry us back to our
first cup at the Pierian spring and furnish us with materials for
stories more real and wonderful than usually fall to the lot of
alumni of our Alma Mater."
These reasons have very little relation to the facts of col-
lege life. Surely if a new student shows, in the language of
cant, "bumptiousness," the older students could "take him
down" by dignity of manner or quiet sarcasm, rather than
descend to the level of the blacking brush. Moreover every
one knows that the hazing is not inflicted for reformation of
offenders. Like the rain it falls on good and bad indifferently.
Indeed the victims are often inoffensive and well-behaved.
One of the most brutal features of the practice is the fre-
quency with which some quiet young man is tormented merely
because of his known nonresistance, his want of friends among
upper classmen, or the accessibility of his room. The state-
ment that the absence of hazing induces parents to send to the
350 History of University of North Carolina.
University immature children is totally without foundation —
is absurd. No application of philosophical whitewash can
explain away or excuse this crime against the University.
First, It is wrong because it is a breach of University law.
Obedience to law is a sacred duty.
Second, It is wrong because it is at night by disguised men.
It is "sneaking." How can a gentleman engage in it?
Third, It is wrong because it is cowardly. Many assail one.
Fourth, It is violative of the rights of others. It not only
infringes the golden rule, but it is a crime against the State
and should be punished as such. It is an assault and battery —
punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both.
Fifth, It is an unauthorized obstruction of the time of
another and therefore a plain act of dishonesty, of the same
nature as taking his books or money.
Sixth, It is in the highest degree ungentlemanly. A true
gentleman treats his neighbors with courtesy and kindness.
He endeavors to diffuse happiness around him. The hazers
treat their juniors with rudeness and study to add to their
discomfort.
Seventh, The true gentleman is especially kind to strangers
and those unfamiliar with their surroundings. The hazers
unfeelingly and purposely select newcomers as victims of their
diabolical annoyances.
Eighth, The hazers are stabbing the University by injuring
its patronage. Other institutions boast that hazing does not
exist in their walls and divert students from us.
Ninth, The intentional stabbing of their Alma Mater is all
the more inexcusable as the payments by the students are less
than half the reimbursement for the expenditures in their
favor.
Tenth, It is difficult to suppose that beneficiaries proper,
who receive the benefits of the University freely, should be so
lost to all sense of decency and honor as to break her laws
established by the legal guardians, and inflict serious injury on
the institution which is their benefactor. If such there be,
which God forbid, they are guilty of base ingratitude as well
as crime.
Chapter VI.
Industrial School Controversy.
In January and February, 1886, President Battle was unex-
pectedly involved in a controversy which some thought would
injure the University, but which he could not avoid. The
General Assembly authorized the establishment of an Industrial
School on the following plan: "The Board of Agriculture is
ordered to seek proposals for the establishment of an Industrial
School, and when any city or town shall donate in lands, build-
ings, machinery, or other materials, or money, an amount ade-
quate in the judgment of the said Board for the establishment
of such Industrial School, it shall be their duty to locate the
same at such pla-ce. And if there be more than one city or town
making such proposal, it shall be the duty of the Board to locate
it at the place offering the greatest inducement.''
The character of the school was set forth in another section.
"Instruction shall be provided in this school in wood working,
mining, metallurgy, practical agriculture, and such other
branches of industrial education as may be deemed expedient."
The second section enacts that "the Board of Agriculture
shall direct the organization and equipment, and shall manage
and control the same in conjunction with the Board of three
Directors, appointed by the Board of Aldermen of the city or
town whose proposal is accepted."
The fourth section directs that "the Board of Agriculture
shall apply to the establishment and maintenance of said school
such part of their fund as is not required to conduct the regu-
lar work of their department, provided that not more than
$5,000 of their funds shall be applied to the establishment of
the school in any one year."
The scheme seemed to the President to be substantiallv as
follows : Five thousand dollars annually is the interest on
$83,333.33 and the proposal of the State was: "If the city or
town shall subscribe a sufficient amount to establish such a
352 History of University of North Carolina.
school as is described above, the agent of the State shall set
apart $83,333.33, i. e., $5,000 a year, and give the subscribing
city an equal share in the management. This is fair if the
donation is adequate, i. e., substantially and in good faith, to
the establishment of the school, and shall approach in value that
offered by the State, but grossly unfair if the offer is only one-
tenth in amount or other small sum. The State, owning nine-
tenths, would share in the management with its partner owning
one-tenth. The State has never given away its funds as reck-
lessly as this. She has always placed the management of its
funds in the charge of its own officers. The Asylum, the Uni-
versity, and all other State institutions are examples of this.
As directed by law the Board of Agriculture advertised for
proposals. Special notices were sent to the Mayors and Com-
missioners of all the leading towns and cities in the State.
On opening the bids it was found that Charlotte subscribed
$5,000 and a site; Kinston $10,000 conditionally and a site;
Raleigh $5,000, an acre of ground in the northern part of the
city as a site, and the exposition building on the fair grounds.
This building was not lathed and plastered, had a felt covering,
and was at least two miles from the aforesaid acre. It could
only be utilized by tearing it down and using the material for
the erection of a new building. The sanguine friends of Ra-
leigh estimated the value at $3,000. This was probably exces-
sive, but conceding it the offer of Raleigh did not exceed
$8,000. The authorities of the fair grounds also agreed that
a part of their land might be used for experimental purposes,
but that did not add to the value of the donation.
After reading these proposals Governor Scales, President
Battle and others, two-thirds of the Board, voted that the act
had not been complied with, that neither of the three towns had
offered an amount "adequate to the establishment of the
school." The question was postponed for three months and
new proposals were invited.
This decision caused much criticism in Raleigh. It was
expected to capture an important public institution, begin-
ning with $5,000 a year, probably to be largely increased
hereafter, to have an equal voice in the management, for
Industrial School Controversy,, 1886. 353
$6,000 or $7,000, i. c, $300 or $400 a year. A target was looked
for and President Battle selected, although Governor Scales
led off in opposition to the immediate location and Battle only
followed. An able and ordinarily fair writer for the press
charged that Battle was solely responsible for the defeat of
this most useful measure. He of course answered the attack,
declared his friendship for the school, and gave the reason for
his vote, that Raleigh had not earned the location. Then cer-
tain Raleigh editors joined in the criticism of President Battle's
course, followed by an ex-Judge of the Supreme Court and
by an able metropolitan lawyer. Battle was kept busy for some
time answering these attacks. He was satisfied with the out-
come. His construction of the act was sustained by the
Attorney-General (Davidson).
At the next meeting of the Board, three months only after
the adversary vote was given, which an adversary mistakenly
said was for "indefinite continuance," the question was again
taken up and, owing to the pressure from without, a majority
of the Board accepted the offer. Finding that the proffered
acre was not eligible as a site they proceeded to purchase two
or three acres in or near the northwest corner of the city. The
purchase money was about one-half of the donation, $5,000,
which the Board voted to be "adequate to the establishment of
the school." Here the matter rested until the success of the
Agricultural and Mechanical College, when the Industrial
School was merged in the College. Thus ended the strange
experiment of establishing a woodworking-mining-metallurgy-
practical-agricultural-and-other-branches Industrial School on
$5,000 and a lot of second hand lumber, the State appropria-
tion being only for maintenance. The promised acre in Raleigh
is not added to the $5,000 because it was given only as a site,
and found not to be eligible. The other site, being remote
from that of the college, was sold.
Death of Professor J. DeBerniere Hooper.
John DeBerniere Hooper, Professor of Greek, passed out
of life on January 23, 1886. He was a remarkable man.
His father was Archibald Maclaine Hooper, son of George
23
354 History of University of North Carolina.
Hooper, who was a brother of William Hooper, a signer of
the Declaration of Independence. His mother was a de-
scendant of a noble Huguenot family, the DeBernieres.
His grandmother was daughter of the sturdy patriot, Archi-
bald Maclaine.
Professor Hooper graduated with first honor in the Class
of 1 83 1 and then was successively Tutor, teacher in the Epis-
copal School at Raleigh, and Tutor again in the University ;
then in i836-'38 and i843~'48 Professor of French, and
i838-'48, of Latin.
In 1848 he left the University and took charge of a school
for boys in Warren County, then was principal of a school
for girls in Fayetteville, then in Wilson. On the reorganiza-
tion in 1875 he was elected Professor of Greek and French and
taught these languages until 1885, when he was confined to
Greek. His health failing, he resigned the same year, and
serenely awaited the end.
Professor DeBerniere Hooper, as he was usually called, was
singularly pure and steadfast in his principles, mild in manner
but firm as the everlasting granite, modest but of winning-
courtesy, an unswerving and undoubting member of the
Protestant Episcopal Church, content with the old dogmas, un-
shaken by modern theories. As a scholar he was accurate and
widely read, but unambitious to exploit himself or illumine the
world. He never wrote or published a book or pamphlet but
no draft was ever made on his store of learning that was not
honored. His teaching could not be said to arouse enthusiasm,
but was exhaustive and accurate. He was noted for his felici-
tous use of the English language but always refused to make
addresses, even when tendered the great compliment of deliver-
ing the Annual Address at Commencement.
Professor Hooper had, in his highest Greek class, a student
of Hebrew lineage who had remarkable talent — Solomon C.
Weill. At the request of the Faculty he took charge of Pro-
fessor Hooper's classes most acceptably until the arrival of Dr.
Alexander. He subsequently made a brilliant beginning at the
bar in Wilmington, removed to New York Citv, where he was
Annual Convention of Y. M. C. A. 355
soon elected to the Legislature and was accidentally killed by a
street car.
The annual convention of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation was held in 1886 in Chapel Hill, March nth to 14th.
It was very successful. Rev. Dr. A. W. Mangum conducted
the religious exercises of the opening. There was an address
of welcome by Rev. Thomas Hume, D.D., which was responded
to by G. INI. Smithdeal. Mr. L. D. Wishard, of the Inter-
national Committee, made a general talk in Gerrard Hall on
the work of the Association. At the close he sang most feel-
ingly the "Mother's Goodbye to Her Boy."
Prof. J. W. Gore was made permanent President; K. A.
McLeod, of Davidson College, First Vice-President; D. P.
Coleman, of Bingham School, Second Vice-President ; Rev.
W. D. Akers, of Asheville, Secretary, with Mr. Stephen B.
Weeks, of the University, Assistant Secretary. Reports from
the several organizations in the State were read. The Boys'
Work was discussed by Mr. W. H. G. Belt, of Baltimore.
At the evening meeting in Gerrard Hall the singing was led
by Messrs. Garrett, Akers, Smith, and Harris. The address
was delivered by Mr. E. W. Watkins, of New York, who
showed the marvelous growth of the International work since
the organization of the Association, June 4. 1844, in London.
Dr. Hume, President. Professor Gore, Secretary, and S. B.
Weeks, Treasurer, were elected officers of the Executive Com-
mittee of twelve members. The Convention then, in Gerrard
Hall, heard an able address by Col. Robert Bingham on the
"Armor of God."
In the afternoon and night the exercises were conducted by
E. L. Harris and L. D. W'ishard. There was a large congre-
gation to hear Mr. Wishard's talk on "Bible Training Classes."
The Sunday meetings were uncommonly interesting. At
8 130 o'clock Mr. Wishard spoke on "The Power of the Holy
Spirit." At eleven Mr. E. W. Watkins, of the Methodist
Church, spoke of the growth of the influence of the Bible. In
the afternoon Mr. Watkins addressed the citizens of Chapel
Hill in the Baptist Church, and in the Y. M. C. A. Hall Mr.
356 History of University of North Carolina.
Wishard earnestly pressed the irrefutable claims of Christ on
young men.
At night, there being no service in the village, Mr. Wishard
conducted the services in Gerrard Hall, speaking of missions
and their claims.
The students generally were greatly interested and additions
were made to the membership. The members experienced an
awakening and their enthusiasm was kindled.
Consolidation of Libraries.
In 1886. March 18, the two literary societies came to an
understanding with the Faculty whereby their libraries were
united to that of the University. The vote was nearly unani-
mous in the Philanthropic, and forty-two to. thirty in the Dia-
lectic Society. The minority with justice thought that the
movement would diminish the prestige of the societies, but the
argument in favor of the move prevailed — that the doors of
the library should be open every day, that the books would be
in one room, that money would not be wasted in the purchase of
duplicates. There were very many duplicates. Wherever pos-
sible these were sold or exchanged. Where this could not be
done those remaining over were given to schools and other
institutions. The official title of the joint Library to be
"Library of the University of North Carolina endowed by the
Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies."
The following rules were agreed on. The library was to be
open three hours every work day except Saturdays, five hours
on Saturday, and afterwards on Sunday also.
The books were to be borrowed under society rules. The
University paid the expenses and $200 per annum to buy
books, each societv giving $150 for this purpose, the books
to be selected by committees of each of the parties. Each
society could withdraw on giving six months' notice and retake
its own books at its own expense. Each society to elect a
Librarian and to pay him $75 a year. Fines for violating rules
to go to the societies.
Professor Winston, to whom is due the chief credit for the
movement, as chairman of a committee, met the representatives
Consolidation of Libraries, 1886. 357
of the societies in carrying the project into effect. It was
agreed that the society books should be kept separate so far as
possible. It was reported that the library, after discarding
duplicates and depositing in another room books not of general
utility, without new alcoves, would hold 20,000 volumes.
The consolidation of the libraries has proved of signal ad-
vantage to all branches of the University, especially to stu-
dents seeking information throwing light on queries under
debate. Prof. James Lee Love was representative for the
University in the transfer of books. Wm. J. Battle acted for
the Dialectic Society and Claude F. Smith for the Philan-
thropic. The partition between two rooms at the end of the
Library Building (Smith Hall) was knocked down and the
larger apartment thus made was converted into a reading room
in which the leading magazines and newspapers were kept
for use of students and Faculty.
Mr. Love was paid a small salary and received a special
vote of thanks by the Faculty for his arduous services. The
substantial benefits of the change made the arguments for it
irresistible. The keeping the library open for consultation
all day and every day, instead of an hour or two once or twice
a week, as had been the custom, the systematization so as to
buy no duplicates, the having a Professor on the purchasing
committee, were reasons for removal which overbalanced those
against it.
In order to conciliate society pride the Dialectic books were
placed on the south side and the Philanthropic on the north.
Of course this could hardly be kept up indefinitely, and is
ignored in the new Library Building, the gift of Andrew Car-
negie. The benefits derived from the union of the Libraries
have been found so great that all dissatisfaction has ceased.
There has been a marked increase year by year. The
number borrowed of the old University Library did not amount
to one hundred annually. No effort was made to make it
useful or agreeable to the students. A different policy has been
adopted since the consolidation. An annual appropriation is
expended under the direction of a committee of the Faculty,
and valuable donations have been received.
358 History of University of North Carolina.
The following statistics show the immediate value of the
consolidation :
1885-'86.
Number of books borrowed of the Philanthropic Library 1,900
Number of books borrowed of the Dialectic Library 1,759
Total borrowed in one year 3,657
1886-'87.
Number borrowed of the consolidated Library 4,761
First year's increase 1,102
Class Day of 1886.
Dr. Stephen B. Weeks was the Historian of the Class of
1 886. The Class Day was on April 30th. The speech of Dr.
Weeks was remarkably well done and had the luminous style
which he has shown since in many an historical production.
Here is his account of an institution, since forbidden by the
Faculty: "Then came that relic of barbarism, known in Col-
lege slang as the 'Fresh treat,' more properly called 'the
Freshman's Re-treat.' It was held in the New West Build-
ing. The Fresh were invited to 'walk up and help themselves'
to the luscious melons. They walked up and were helped. They
did not walk away. Their gait was something faster than a
run. In five minutes there was not a Freshman to be seen.
They had taken to themselves wings and were seeking rest.
"What a throng of sweet memories come floating back as
we turn and pause and turn again. How memory swells at
our breast and turns the past to pain, when we remember that
this is our last meeting. Well has the poet-priest written,
'When hands are linked,
That dread to part,
And heart is met by throbbing heart,
Oh bitter, bitter is the smart
Of them that bid farewell.' "
The class during its four years' course had one hundred
and four members and graduated twentv-six. There were fif-
Class Day of 1886. 359
teen Di's and nine Phi's, two belonging to neither society.
Six came in as Sophomores and two as Juniors. One died
after he left the University — George Wimberly Arrington.
The Class Poem was by Wm. A. Self. I give a few lines
as specimens of the whole. The poet in wandering through
our forests finds in a rocky cave an old hermit — a former
student — who disappeared from Chapel Hill ninety years be-
fore. He tells how he was carried off and condemned to live
in solitude.
'Twas in the Old East, as it now is called,
A youth, half dreaming, by his chimney fire
Sat reading some dark legend of the times
When our brave forefathers with dauntless hand
Beat back the red man and the howling beast
Into their wooded thickets and their caves.
He was aroused by hearing all at once
The sounding of his name in accents quaint —
So muffled, so unearthly did it seem,
That he scarce knew that it was his own name —
But he arose and left his quiet room.
And no one ever knew where he had gone.
No one has ever dreamed of how those fiends,
Lawless and conscienceless, bore him away,
And made him swear by all the universe,
That if they spared his life he would consent
To dwell in a dingy, dusky cave.
But life is not a sadness, even to him.
Fate had decreed that as a sweet solace
Unto his soul, a strange power, supernal,
Should be — to gain full knowledge of the world
Through blessed spirits — they whose winged thoughts
Float on the whispering breezes — on the winds
Which sigh and moan at midnight.
My stringed companion then he took
From off the granite floor. A look
Of joy was on his face, and much
I wondered. Then with such a touch —
With such perfection of chord and tone —
He drew the notes of "Home, Sweet Home,"
360 History of University of North Carolina.
That well I knew that no mortal hand
Did e'er such wondrous power command.
I looked around. No longer shone
The dim light, and the spirit was gone.
Commencement in 1886.
The Commencement of 1886 was a bright and happy one.
The devotional exercises were conducted by Prof. N. B.
Henry. President Battle gave a history of the University
since 1875, when the exercises were resumed. Tuesday night
was given up to the two literary societies, short addresses being
made by old members, and diplomas and prize medals pre-
sented.
Wednesday morning witnessed the address before the two
societies by Hon. Augustus Van Wyck, Judge of the Su-
preme Court of New York, and afterwards as Democratic
candidate for Governor, coming near defeating Roosevelt for
that high office. Judge Van Wyck left the University as an
honor graduate in 1864 and at once joined the army. He has
always been a loyal son to his Alma Mater and captivated the
audience by his tribute to her and to her sons. His eulogy
of President Swain was peculiarly hearty and happy. He was
strong and exhaustive in urging the points that popular educa-
tion and free agency are the rock foundation of the best gov-
ernment. "Let our motto be Intellectual Culture and Liberty."
The arguments and illustrations used to enforce this great
truth were eloquent and cogent.
The Alumni Association held a business meeting after the
address and elected Mr. Paul C. Cameron as President, Wil-
liam L. Saunders, Secretary, and Edward B. Engelhard,
Treasurer. It was resolved to hold a meeting in Raleigh in
January or February of the following year, with an orator
chosen by the Executive Committee, but this order was subse-
quently repealed.
In the afternoon the Baccalaureate Sermon was preached by
Rev. Charles H. Hall, D.D., of Brooklyn, N. Y. Prayer was
offered by Rev. Dr. Thomas E. Skinner, of the Class of
1847, an<J a hymn sung. Dr. Hall then gave his text, "Why
Commencement of 1886. 361
stand ye here all the day idle ?" The reporter described the ser-
mon as "great in its subject matter, great in its directness and
simplicity, great in its practical application, great in its un-
affected delivery, great in the eloquence of its diction, great
in everything that goes to make up a great sermon." The.
auditors concurred with this estimate.
His topic was education, such as qualifies a person for the
duties of life. He touched upon country and climate as affect-
ing mind and body, and predicted that Western Xorth Carolina
would ere long be the nursery of high mental and moral cul-
ture. He concluded with a picture of a "party standing at the
grave of Dr. Mitchell on the highest peak of the Black Moun-
tain at nightfall to witness the beauty of the rising moon.
The majestic Roan in its grandeur looming up in the dis-
tance ; Old Craggy with its rugged sides, crouching to the left,
and in the rear Guyot's Peak, Hairy Bear, and other subor-
dinate peaks dotting the foreground. The evening breeze
was sighing a mournful dirge through the waving boughs of
the fir trees, while all at once the plaintive requiem ceased and
all was a calm and ominous hush. And presently a sound, or
sounds, from the superincumbent elements were heard, whence
no one could tell — a weird sound. Look in this or the other
direction, no one could tell whence it proceeded. It was the
commingling and hum of the rivulets descending the dell,
with the roar of the cataract pouring its water into the baptis-
mal font, whence the spirit of Dr. Mitchell took its flight tc
heaven."
The speeches of the society representatives at night were un-
usually fine. The first was by Claudius Dockery, of Richmond
County, on "The South." Then came Jacob C. Johnson, of
Pitt County, on "The Fourth Estate" — the Press. Then Wil-
liam E. Edmundson, of Morganton, on "National Education."
He was followed by Albert M. Simmons, of Hyde County,
on the "Truths of Fiction." William S. Wilkinson, of Tar-
boro, spoke on "Utopia," and then came Samuel E. Gidney,
of Shelby, on "Industrial Education in the South." The Rep-
resentative Medal was won bv Mr. Dockerv. Messrs. Dock-
362 History of University of North Carolina.
ery, Edmundson and Gidney were Di's, and Johnson, Sim-
mons and Wilkinson Phi's.
Thursday was Commencement Day. Memorial Hall was
filled with visitors while the Campus to the south of it was
covered with the vehicles of the good people of the country.
Those were the days of many speakers, of all graduates who
wished to air their oratorical powers, some being ambitious to
compete for the Mangum medal. There was an advantage
in this. The fathers and mothers, aunts, uncles, and cousins,
and the inevitable sweethearts, were in the audience listening
delightedly to their rising kinsmen. Their intensely interested
faces were goodly to look on. There were eleven speakers in
the morning. They were :
Joseph John Jenkins, Jr., of Chatham County, on "National
Songs."
Charles Taylor Grandy, Camden County, on "Home Rule
and National Unity in America."
Pierre B. Manning. Gates County, on "Prohibition or Pub-
lic Sentiment in America."
Frank Dixon, Shelby, "The Labor Problem."
Malcolm M. Shields, Carthage, "Misplaced Garlands."
Luther B. Grandy, Oxford, on "American Humor."
Walter S. Dunston, Creswell, "Literature and Public Life."
Frank M. Little, Wadesboro, "Destiny and Duty."
John F. Schenck. Cleveland Mills, "Three Great Waves."
Wm. A. Self, Newton, on "Emerson."
Wm. H. Carroll, Magnolia, "American Influence in Foreign
Nations."
In the afternoon the first speaker was Stephen B. Weeks
of Elizabeth City. His subject was "Cedant Arma Togce."
This was the oration awarded to the student who made the
highest average next to the Valedictorian. The speech was
not in Latin, the day for Latin, Greek, and French speeches
having passed away.
The next speaker was James Thomas, New Bern, on the
"Citizen's True Ideal." He was followed by Samuel Spencer
Jackson, Pittsboro, on "Circumstance." Oliver Clegg Bynum,
on "The Heroic Instinct" ; Edward B. Cline, Hickory, "The
Commencement of 1886. 363
Drama and National Life." N. H. D. Wilson, Greensboro,
"The Cost of Culture.'' Mr. Wilson was the Valedictorian,
having attained the highest average during a four years'
course. He departed from the old fashioned valedictory, and
closed his oration on culture with a few words of exhortation
to his classmates, of thanks to the Faculty and of farewell to
his fellow students.
The Mangum medal was awarded to Mr. Schenck.
The speakers in the afternoon were at a great disadvantage.
A storm was raging, owners of vehicles were rushing from
the hall to care for their teams, wagons were rattling, while
squalling babies added to the tumult.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) was con-
ferred on a learned lawyer of Oxford, Marcus V. Lanier, and
on two eminent botanists of South Carolina, A. W. Chapman
and Henry W. Ravenel.
The degree of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) was conferred
upon Rev. John R. Brooks, of Wilson ; Rev. Luther McKinnon,
President of Davidson College ; Rev. John L. Carroll, of
Asheville, a graduate of 1863, and Rev. Daniel A. Long,
President of Antioch College, Ohio, student of i886-'87.
The following degrees were conferred :
Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) 15
Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 7
Bachelor of Science (B.S.) 3
Bachelor of Laws (B.L.) 1
Total graduating class 26
(See names in Appendix.)
The following graduates of 1886 presented theses which
were approved but not publicly read : Lewis J. Battle, Raleigh,
"Landlordism in America" ; Pierre Bayard Cox, Raleigh, "The
Critic's Relation to Literary Progress" ; Herbert Worth Jack-
son, Asheboro, "The Crisis at Hastings"; John Motley More-
head, Kinston, "Political Education" ; George L. Patrick,
Kinston, "Man and Nature" ; Henry W. Rice, Raleigh, "A
Needless War" ; Kirby S. LTzzell, Seven Springs, "The New
South" ; Robert Lee LTzzell, Seven Springs, "A Cavalier Poet."
/
364 History of University of North Carolina.
After passing an examination on a prescribed course and
submitting an approved thesis the degree of Master of Arts
was won by Ernest Preston Mangum, an A.B. graduate of
1885. The subject of his thesis was "The Feudal System."
Special Certificates:
In Chemistry — D. S. Carraway.
In Mathematics — R. T. Burwell and William S. Wilkinson.
In Greek — H. H. Ransom and M. M. Shields.
In Natural Philosophy — E. B. Cline and F. M. Little.
In Pharmacy — J. W. Beasom.
Honor Roll:
Messrs. Gulick, Simmons and Weeks were present at every
rollcall at Prayers and lectures during the year.
Medals and Prizes:
Valedictory Oration, as the best in the class — Nathan Hunt,
Daniel Wilson, Jr.
Classical Oration — Stephen Beauregard Weeks.
Representative Medal (for Oratory) —Claudius Dockery.
Mangum Medal (for Oratory) — John Frank Schenck.
The Chief Marshal was from the Philanthropic Society,
Claude F. Smith, of Pitt. His associates were Benjamin F.
Tyson, Greenville ; Malvern H. Palmer, of Warren ; Francis
M. Harper, Kinston, and Archibald Braswell, of Edgecombe,
Philanthropies ; Wm. H. McDonald, Raleigh ; Henry F.
Shaffner, Salem ; George W. Bethel, Danville, Virginia, and
Benjamin E. Kell, of Mecklenburg, Dialectics.
The Ball Managers were John C. Engelhard, Chief ; J. W .
Atkinson, Jr., Robert L. Holt, E. B. Borden, and L. M.
Bourne.
The class has been, as a rule, very successful in life. A few
have crossed the dark waters. Arrington died at home before
graduation and after graduation P. B. Cox, L. B. Grandy, F.
M. Little, P. B. Manning, G. L. Patrick, H. W. Rice, and K.
S. Uzzell. John M. Morehead and Gilbert B. Patterson be-
came Representatives in Congress ; Dr. Weeks has published
historical volumes of great merit ; Battle is a skilled physician
in Washington City ; Cline is a Superior Court Judge ; Herbert
Jackson a trusted and safe financier; S. S. Jackson stands high
University Activities. 365
in insurance circles ; Jenkins is a highly regarded bank presi-
dent ; Schenck is a manufacturer ; Shields, Thomas, Dixon, and
Wilson are prominent preachers ; Self, Wright, and Carroll
able lawyers.
The University in i886-'87.
The Faculty from time to time attacked the difficult ques-
tion of cleanliness in the rooms and about the buildings. They
resolved to have the highest standard of neatness and purity.
It is needless to say that this could not be attained until the
inauguration of waterworks. Water closets were introduced in
1887. An important step towards securing good results was a
course of lectures twice a week on Hygiene. It was resolved
to heat the chapel (Gerrard Hall J when used for preaching or
other purposes. The custom of attending on these occasions in
all kinds of weather, good or bad, hot or cold, which had been
handed down from the opening in 1795, was not in accordance
with modern ideas.
The great earthquake, so destructive to Charleston August
31, 1886, was distinctly felt at Chapel Hill. Some windows
were violently rattled and bottles were moved on the shelves
of the Chemical Laboratory, but no damage was done. Some
students in the New East Building perceived, or thought they
perceived the walls threateningly shaking and fled to a safe
locality. One, who had a pistol in his room, aroused from sleep
suddenly by the clamor, secured his weapon and dared the fan-
cied robber to invade his apartment.
In 1886 the custom was begun of the Faculty choosing a
preacher once a month to deliver a sermon on Sunday night in
Gerrard Hall, the University paying his expenses. Of course
care was taken to invite men from the leading denominations of
Christians. The plan has been very successful. Not only has
there been a succession of able and hightoned men with strong
and instructive discourses, but the University has been made
known to influential, representative men, not previously per-
sonally cognizant of its workings. The marked diminution of
hostility to it has been in part due to this policy.
366 History of University of North Carolina.
The University Day exercises of 1886 were held at night. A
most interesting historical address was delivered by Mr. Edwin
Anderson Alderman. He was specially eloquent and touching
in his description of the extinct town of Brunswick and of the
notable men who once made its habitations famous for hospi-
tality.
In 1886 was begun the policy of leasing land on Franklin
Street and its continuation eastward to officers of the Uni-
versity for residences. The Circuit Court of the United States
had decided, as has been narrated, that, as this is a State Uni-
versity, such property as is essential to its existence could not
be alienated. The court laid off about 600 acres in one body,
including the Campus and three residences of Professors, as
inalienable. Believing that, although this land could not be
sold in fee, leases for years could be made, a valuable parcel
was granted to Air. James Lee Love for fifty years on payment
of a moderate annual rent. It was stipulated that at the end of
that time the lease should be renewable, but if not, the Trustees
should have the option to buy the tenements at an appraised
value, but if they should not wish to do this the lessee might
remove the buildings. The object was to provide that the
land should not go permanently from the Lmiversity. Subse-
quently a similar lease was made to Dr. Charles Baskerville
and Dr. Francis K. Ball. Later the lawyer on the Executive
Committee advised that sales could be made practically in fee,
and under this advice parcels were sold to Dr. George Howe,
Dr. Joseph H. Pratt, Dr. A. W. Wheeler, and Mr. Geo. F.
McKie, and the fee of the Love, Baskerville, and Ball lots
was also sold. Afterwards a lot on Caldwell Street was sold
to Mr. Edward K. Graham. On the same principle the authori-
ties of the new Methodist Church were authorized to make
brick for the building out of Lniversity land, and a lot on
Pittsboro Street was sold for the village school.
On Thanksgiving Day the first of the series of gymnastic
contests was held. While Dr. Venable called out the contest-
ants, five students were appointed as judges. On the hori-
zontal bar John W. Atkinson and E. P. Mangum competed,
Christmas at the University. 367
the winner being Atkinson. On the parallel bars, John W.
Atkinson won over R. L. Smith. On the ladders E. P. Man-
gum won over John W. Atkinson, R. L. Smith, and Geo. L.
Patrick. In wielding Indian clubs R. S. Woodson was de-
feated by J. D. Hedrick. The contest on swings showed ex-
ceptionally daring feats. There were six entries, L. M. Bourne
being adjudged the best. The half mile race was run by Hed-
rick and Patrick, Patrick being the winner. The next event
was the "fools' race'' between J. H. Baker (very small and
therefore called the "giant"), R. L. Cooper (a giant in height
and therefore called the "runt''), and Wm. R. ("Buck")
Tucker, dressed in tights. Next came the "tug of war" be-
tween nine on one side and eight on the other. The victory
was to the "heaviest battalion," the larger number. In the
running high jump Patrick made four feet four inches and
was declared victor, Smith falling not far behind him. The
last run was one-tenth of a mile dash. Patrick made it in
twenty-two seconds, Hedrick in twenty-one.
The mode of spending Christmas vacation by the students
who remained on the Hill depended on the taste of the partici-
pants. In 1886 there was an enjoyable time, especially as
there were six or eight visiting ladies. The weather more
nearly resembled spring than winter, with no ice, or sleet, or
snow. The turkeys were fat, the confections and cake deli-
cious, the presents appropriate, the boys gallant, the girls
lovely. The first event was a grand bonfire by President Bat-
tle in Battle Park, the flames rising above the tall trees and
giving peculiar weird effects in the forest. In the midst a
group of wild looking young men rushed with a whoop through
the undergrowth, reminding one of the stories of painted In-
dians assailing a peaceful company. After they had gazed at
the flames for a season, the red light reflected curiously from
their eyes and rosy cheeks, a shriek was heard and they dis-
appeared as they had come. The next night the "boys" got
up a bonfire of their own. Brushwood, kerosene barrels, goods
boxes, were piled high on the athletic field, saturated with oil
and ignited. When the flames were at their height, rockets
368 History of University of Xorth Carolina.
and Roman candles enlivened the scene, while the students
joined in gay impromptu dances, found in no Terpsichorean
annals.
Then at the dwelling of Airs. Thompson a masquerade party
was held the last night of the old year. The ladies wore sheets
enveloping the body, pillow slips covering the face and tied in
a knot over the top of the head, and white stockings over their
shoes. The gentlemen were similarly dressed, so that mis-
takes were numerous and amusing.
A mock court trial was had in order to banish dull care.
President Battle presided. H. W. Rice was sheriff, Claudius
Dockery clerk ; Riddle, assisted by Edmund Alexander and W.
Reece, appeared for the State ; Sol. Weill and C. Johnston for
the defendants. R. L. Cooper and G. B. Patterson were the
defendants, charged with making hideous noises with a brass
band on the night of December 31st. They pleaded not guilty,
of course. The witnesses were Professor Gore, on the theory
of music ; Dr. Kluttz, as a medical expert on the effects of
horrible noises on the human system ; Professor Atkinson, who
was then courting the lady whom he afterwards married, on
the effects of a baneful serenade, when the lover is "popping
the question" ; another witness told of the removal of an
opossum from the Zoological Garden of the University, prob-
ably by the defendants. The lawyers then made their speeches.
Those for the defense admitted the presence of the prisoners
in the noise but claimed that there was no "criminal intent,"
that the intent was to please the ladies. They were found
guilty and fined a penny and costs. The audience was well
pleased with the efforts of the young disciples of Themis.
As a rule the students behaved at their boarding houses as
gentlemen should. People who came in contact with them
praised them highly. Occasionally one wrould forget himself.
We had a stalwart landlady as strong as a man. Once a stu-
dent jocularly threw a biscuit at another; she deliberately
walked to his seat, gave him a box on the ear, and ordered him
to leave the room ; he obeyed, but afterwards begged her pardon
and was readmitted. The same lady applied to Professor Win-
A Case of Kleptomania. 369
ston, whom on account of the disparity of their ages she called
by his Christian name, to write for her a letter of recommenda-
tion for the position of postmistress. With great gravity he
wrote the President to the effect that the dignity of the United
States demanded that decency and order should be observed in
public offices, and that he knew of no one more capable of ex-
cluding violence and bad conduct than this lady, with much
more of similar import, but not a word showing her capacity
for the office. He read to her what he had written. She was im-
mensely pleased. She did not see that he was laughing at her.
Looking at him with admiring eyes, with coy deprecation, she
said, "Now ! George, you know I ain't all that." Thus George
got out of his difficulty with flying colors. She was the identi-
cal lady whom he escorted to the ball supper twenty years be-
fore, one hundred and ninety pounds protected by one hundred
pounds !
In 1886 there was at the University a remarkable case of
kleptomania, or at any rate of wholesale stealing. I call the
thief Latro, though he was not a latro but a fur. He was an
elderly student, probably thirty years old. Although his last
residence was in a distant State, he was a native of North
Carolina, and brought a certificate from the commissioners of
the county in which he lived until past maturity that his char-
acter was good and that he was entitled to free tuition. He
stated that he had accumulated some hundreds of dollars by
teaching and that he would pursue an elective course, as long
as he had funds with which to board and clothe himself.
For three years his conduct seemed exemplary and he was
called by the students "Father Latro." He read good books —
at any rate he accumulated them — by borrowing or purloining
from the library or individuals. The studies he elected were
of a philosophical or political nature. His class standing was
good but he stood no examinations, stating that he was not
an applicant for a degree. His attendance on religious duties
was frequent and devout. He attached himself to the Presby-
terian Church, becoming a regular communicant. This did
not prevent his attendance on other churches. He gained
24
37° History of University of North Carolina.
credit for extraordinary piety by asking the Baptist minister
for his benefit to change the evening of his prayer meeting,
so as not to conflict with other religious duties. Finding a
vacant room in the Old East near his own he made it into a
rough closet into which he never permitted any one to look.
The first suspicion of his honesty came from his helping
himself to peaches near the wall of a Professor at night. A
student gave a bogus alarm and Latro tumbled from the wall,
gaining a sprained ankle in the effort to escape from threatened
pistol balls. One of the students wrote for the University
Magazine a neat poetical narrative of this episode :
But yesterday I surveyed him well,
A meekness in his deep gray eyes did dwell;
A gentle innocence did around him play,
His cheeks did yield to modest blushes' sway.
Thought I, sooner would the rose be foul,
The nightingale sing like the owl,
The swan adorn his wings with mud,
The fig tree full with thistles bud,
Than that this model man would do
A thing 'twould prove his looks untrue.
This morning vacant was his seat;
Not in chapel nor on the street.
"Where is L.? Where can he be?"
Was asked by many curiously.
# * * *
I saw his noble brow cast down,
On that bright face I saw a frown.
A conscience hurt, an ankle sprained,
A good "rep" lost, a bad "rep" gained.
"What cruel fate, if fates there be,
Hath heaped this injury on thee?"
"I blush to tell the tale," quoth he,
"For all the blame doth lie on me.
Ask that little imp of evil,
That little grandson of the devil,
That whispered in my ear the thought
'Peaches stolen are better than bought.'
Ask of the tree, the high peach tree,
A Case of Kleptomania, 1886. 371
Whose luscious fruit so tempted me.
Ask of the ground, hard stony ground,
Where my impression may be found.
These will tell you better than I,
How, and when, and where, and why,
I was so afflicted by
This terrible calamity."
This incident, however, did not ruin his character, as many
students have a liberal definition of larceny as applied to fruit,
especially growing in a Professor's garden. But soon a more
grievous matter was made known. Twelve months before a
Professor had lost a coat. A man who has once brushed a
coat is apt to know it intimately henceforth and forever. And
it so happened that the Professor's waiter saw the lamented
garment on the person of the philosophical Latro. About the
same time a student from a distant county lost all the money
he had provided to enable him to graduate, over sixty dollars.
It was stolen from his room. The loss was ruinous. It ex-
cited him greatly, but left him reason enough to argue that
the man who had stolen a coat could also appropriate money.
With fire in his eye he burst upon Latro and recovered his
funds.
The news coming to the President he asked two members of
the Faculty to accompany him to Latro's room, make him dis-
gorge all stolen articles and let him run away. They declined
to go without a search warrant and a constable. One who had
lost goods was easily induced to swear out a warrant. The
search was begun during the dinner hour. Latro made no
resistance. If the matter had not been so serious, if the sight
of a student of this great L niversity held for larceny had not
been so pathetic and horrifying, it would have been ludicrous.
In a few minutes the students came flocking in to claim their
lost property, like the birds in the fable claiming their feathers.
One found an overcoat, long lamented, three others pounced
upon much prized watches which had mysteriously disap-
peared, and so came owners of umbrellas, shoes, pants, note-
books, pens, coats, vests, and other articles used by students.
372 History of University of North Carolina.
man)- of no value to the thief, besides books of the University
and Professors. There were secured from him some sums of
money besides the sixty dollars above mentioned. The Mayor,
not having jurisdiction over cases of larceny, bound him over
to the Superior Court in a bond of one hundred and twenty-
five dollars, which he promptly paid in money to the Mayor.
Forty dollars of the amount the latter lost out of his pocket,
which led to the unsupported story that Latro abstracted it.
This is improbable. There being no other charges against
him, he was allowed to leave. As he was very uneasy for fear
of punishment by the students, the President procured a
policeman to escort him to the railroad station. He preferred
to walk two miles from the station and board the cars there.
His slinking away under the escort of an officer of the law
was a sad sight.
The President was blamed, even by certain newspapers, for
not taking steps for having him sent to the penitentiary. His
reply was that the University should not prosecute students
confided to her charge, except in extreme cases for offenses
against herself, that every opportunity was given to those in-
jured, and that it was not for her interest to have one of her
sons in the State's Prison. The University had her own pun-
ishment and that would be promptly inflicted. This punish-
ment was expulsion, which requires the ratification of the
Trustees.
To show that the President's position was right, when the
case came before the Trustees two of the best lawyers averred
that Latro, in a jury trial, would have been acquitted on the
plea of insanity or kleptomania. The Trustees, however, voted
his expulsion and ordered his name to be stricken from the
roll. To support the theory of kleptomania, it should be noted
that many articles stolen were utterly valueless, like old ball
tickets, and he had two vacations, with very few living in the
dormitories, when he might have shipped his stealings to a
distant market for sale.
He wrote to the Presbyterian minister, Rev. Mr. Wilhelm,
an account of his fall. A year or two before the discovery he
saw Mr. Woodward's watch on his table, the room empty and
A Case of Kleptomania, 1886. 373
the door open. The tempter entered into his head and sug-
gested, "How uneven is the distribution of things in this
world. Here I am barely able to live, while before me is a
gold watch owned by a man so abounding in riches that he
carelessly left this valuable article to be picked up by the first
passerby. Then, too, I am desirous of marrying and have
found a girl willing to marry me, but lack the means. After
reflection of an hour I took the watch, hid it in a hollow stump
until matters quieted down, then finding myself unsuspected,
I brought it to my room. The security that I enjoyed led me
to take other things and so I went down to ruin."
He further stated that after leaving Chapel Hill he was so
overwhelmed with remorse that his one idea was to get as
far as possible from the scene of his crime. He remembered
passing through Cincinnati and St. Louis, no other cities. Find-
ing himself in Nebraska he realized that his clothing was too
thin for the latitude and that his money was nearly spent, so
he bought a ticket to Memphis. In Arkansas, while the train
stopped at a sawmill station, he alighted in order to stretch
his limbs. He was so abstracted by his mental torment that
he allowed the train to leave him. He hired himself to the
lumberman for a week to begin on Monday, that being Satur-
day. Next day he went to his landlady to borrow a Bible.
She searched her trunk and found one at the bottom, stating
that it reposed there unopened for six months after she moved
out from New England. Walking to the river bank, in a se-
cluded place, he spent the Lord's day reading His Holy Word
and writing to his pastor on the back of an advertising poster.
He added that his future movements would be such that none
who then knew him would be able to trace him.
One of our graduates traveling through a distant city two
or three years afterwards, thought that he recognized Latro,
pick in hand, working on the street. He says that he spoke
to him and is confident that it was the champion thief of the
University of North Carolina. Later the news came that he
died suddenly in bed in a North Carolina town, to which he
had come as a traveler. About $500 was found on his person,
not a large sum to accumulate in eighteen vears.
374 History of University of North Carolina.
Attacks on the University in 1887. The Campaign for
a Separate A. and M. College.
After the appropriation to the University was increased to
$20,000 annually, the yearly Normal School appropriation of
$2,000 being diverted to four other places in the State, there
was a determined effort to induce the General Assembly of 1887
to repeal or reduce the amount. Certain friends of the denomi-
national colleges renewed the charge that means were placed
in the hands of the University Trustees to establish a "big
free school" and draw away all the patronage of the colleges.
They clamored that the people in their impoverished state could
not afford so great an addition to the taxes ; that all money
which could be spared should be devoted to lengthening the
term of the public schools ; that a State institution was neces-
sarily irreligious, some said godless. An effort was made to
force the candidates for the Legislature to pledge themselves
for repeal or modification. In some few counties this move
met with success.
At the same time a formidable crusade was made, mainly
by the eloquence of Colonel Leonidas L. Polk, former Com-
missioner of Agriculture, to take from the University the
$7,500 Land Grant and give it to a new institution organized
for the more practical education of the sons of farmers and
mechanics than could be given at the University. Colonel Polk
was possessed of a style of speaking very acceptable to his
hearers and he had plausible ground for a new move. It was
generally known that many States had concluded that cattle
breeding, garden and orchard culture and the like could
not well be gained in institutions like Harvard, Princeton, the
Universities of North Carolina and Virginia, and had estab-
lished separate colleges. Of course in his speeches he mini-
mized unjustly the laboratory work of the University, but there
was enough truth in his position to make the movement irre-
sistible.
In order to bring pressure on the Legislature a public meet-
ing of farmers was called, composed of all whose chief in-
come was from the soil, the call being- issued by the Board of
Campaign for Separate A. and M. College. 375
Agriculture, of which President Battle was a member ex officio,
that is, as president of the institution holding the Land Grant.
The Board requested Governor Scales and him to explain to
the Convention its policy, its work in the past and intentions
in the future. They did so, and were accorded a respectful
hearing, with one ill-mannered interruption by a delegate, al-
though it was evident that the friends of Colonel Polk were
present by concert, and were in the majority. Later in the
meeting President Battle was allowed to answer some stric-
tures on the scientific teaching at the University. It was evi-
dent, however, that the members had come together with a
prejudgment in favor of a separate institution, and that at
Raleigh.
An adjourned meeting was held in the City Hall. Presi-
dent Battle was fully persuaded that the movement would be
successful and that ultimately it would be best for the Uni-
versity to surrender the fund rather than have an endless
wrangle on the subject. At his instance his friends induced
the Convention to ask the General Assembly to appropriate
$7,500 a year to replace what was taken away. This, how-
ever, did not obtain the approval of the law makers.
What made the new movement so readily successful was
the fact that a citizen of Raleigh offered land for the estab-
lishment of the Agricultural and Mechanical College and
the Board of Agriculture, by means of the tax on fertilizers,
had ample funds to aid in the erection of buildings. More-
over the necessary bricks and labor were ordered to be fur-
nished by the Penitentiary free of charge, the cost of which
was not perceived by the taxpayer. Of course large sums have
been appropriated since from the public treasury to the new in-
stitution, but in 1887 Members of the Legislature did not
foresee this, nor was it revealed to them by those who were
pushing the measure.
After the passage of the bill reducing our income from the
State from $27,500 to $20,000 the warfare on the University
by no means ceased. A bill was offered in the House to reduce
the appropriation to $12,500. A motion by Mr. R. A. Dough-
ton, of Alleghany, to lay it on the table failed by a decided vote
376 History of University of North Carolina.
and the question was postponed till next day. Mr. Doughton
spent the evening in interviewing some of the more liberal
members of the opposition. He also reminded the leaders
among the colored Members that the University Members had
supported bills in which they were interested. The result was
that the renewal of the motion to table was triumphantly car-
ried by a flattering majority.
The county student obligation was repealed, thus ending a
twelve-year strife with the friends of the colleges. The Uni-
versity, however, was required to grant tuition to those af-
flicted with bodily infirmity, to ministers, candidates for the
ministry, and sons of ministers, and to those preparing to be
teachers, and accept secured notes from the truly indigent.
Then the kind heart of the legislators was shown, validating
the usage of the University, by the proviso that no indigent
worthy youth should be denied admittance in consequence of
inability to pay or give security. As has been shown in part
and will be hereafter more fully, benefactors of the University
and of the poor have provided free tuition for as many needy
students as are likely to show themselves worthy of it.
The tabling of the bill, aimed to reduce our appropriation,
by a decisive majority in the House of Representatives was
very important, although the Senate would have killed it by a
much larger proportionate majority. The agitation against
the University would have been stimulated to renewed exer-
tion if the popular branch of the General Assembly had re-
corded its condemnation. As it was, the question of further
reduction was never dangerously discussed afterwards.
The attitude of Colonel Polk was clearly shown by his
exultation at the creation of the Agricultural and Mechanical
College. He was overheard saying to a friend in the lobby,
"Now we will let Battle alone !" He kept his promise. It
was not long before death claimed him. It is not thought
that he had special animosity against the University,
although in the heat of oratory he may have criticised
harshly its practical interpretation of the Land Grant Act. In
the opinion of many, if not most, judicious persons he was
right in the contention that the Land Grant college should be
Loss of Land Scrip Fund in 1887. 377
separate. President Battle was and is of this opinion, but to
the best of his ability he carried out the will of his Trustees in
endeavoring to retain the fund. His task was a delicate one,
but he managed to keep his reputation as a man of truth, al-
though in his heart convinced that the University could never
satisfy the demand for hand work and keep up its reputation
for theoretical training. The difficult position in which he was
placed rendered this the most unhappy time of his presidency.
Although he had cause for gratulation that the determined
effort to reduce the appropriation to $12,500 signally failed,
in such manner as to cause all further attacks to be harmless,
yet the diversion of the $7,500 Land Grant gave the appear-
ance of defeat and caused the loss of two full professors and
one associate professor.
Governor Jarvis once, when the Board of Agriculture was
assembling, complimented President Battle on his power of
persuasion. A very influential Member remarked dryly, "He
will need all his powers to prevent the cutting down of that
$20,000. The people are dead against it."' Mr. James Cheek,
of Orange, when asked about the prospects, himself of course
being for the University, said, "They are going to beat you."
Then he waved his arm toward the eastern half of the .House
(Representatives), "All these men are against you." In truth,
although we lost the Land Grant, the University came out of
the conflict victorious. There is no doubt, however, that
when the General Assembly first met, the mind of a large
majority of the House at least was set on cutting down the
appropriation to $12,500, if not less.
What was the effect of the legislation in regard to the Uni-
versity? The loss of $7,500 a year was a serious matter but
it had its compensations, (a) It relieved us of the charge that
we were defrauding the farmers and mechanics, thereby cre-
ating much odium against us. (b) It enabled us to avoid the
scandal of having a low standard of admission, which was
necessary for those intending to pursue the "branches of learn-
ing relating to agriculture and mechanic arts." Our critics
used this to support the charge that we did not have a true
378 History of University of North Carolina.
University, (c) It enabled us to develop the institution along
the lines of the most approved universities — Harvard, Yale,
Columbia, Princeton, without being- embarrassed by the con-
stant demand to build stables and work shops, buy prize cattle
and modern machinery, (d) It relieved us of the almost im-
possible task of governing in harmony bodies of students of
diverse training, modes of work, aims in life, (e) It left us
in secure possession of $20,000 a year by way of a compro-
mise— a wonderful gain when it is remembered that the State
had never granted any annuity until 1881, and then only $5,000.
Increase of the annuity was bound to come, when the good
work of the University became known.
In order to counteract the notion that the University was
seriously crippled, Governor A. M. Scales, as Chairman of the
Board of Trustees, and Secretary of State Wm. L. Saunders,
as Secretary-Treasurer of the University, issued a circular to
the people of the State. A few extracts follow :
"It had been demonstrated by experience that there was little
demand among our people for instruction in certain depart-
ments of the University, notwithstanding their importance and
the efficiency and the real worth manifested by the professors
in charge, and it was evidently the desire of the Legislature
that certain other studies be taught at the Agricultural and
Mechanical College instead of at the University. Hence in
the readjustment of the work of the University the authorities
have omitted the following special branches of study: Peda-
gogics, Ornithology, Metallurgy, Mining Engineering, Feed-
ing and Breeding of Animals, and Practical Horticulture.
"No diminution nor change has been made in any of the
regular courses of study. * * * There are fifteen Pro-
fessors and assistants.
"A course of studv extending through two years has been
arranged for the special benefit of students who are unable to
complete a full course ; and a special course of three months
is offered, each spring, to teachers who desire to extend their
education.
"The general studies of special benefit to farmers, mer-
chants, manufacturers, and other business men have been
Condition of University in 1887. 379
grouped into a short course of two years for the benefit of stu-
dents who are unable to complete a full course.''
President Battle likewise issued circulars, one giving in de-
tail these shorter courses, another a four-page circular of in-
formation concerning the general work of the institution. As
his office of member of the Board of Agriculture was on ac-
count of his being president of the institution holding the
Land Grant, of course his membership expired with the trans-
fer of the fund to the new college. On this result he greatly
rejoiced, because of the suspicions and even open accusations
that his votes in the Board of Agriculture were influenced by
his desire to help the University. As a matter of fact it is ab-
solutely-certain that the part of the work of the Board at
Chapel Hill under his immediate supervision, by Drs. Ledoux
and Dabney, the Agricultural Experiment Station, was con-
ducted with energy, wisdom and economy. Its removal to
Raleigh in 1881 was for the convenience of having the work
of the Board in the building which was the home of the de-
partment.
The President's Report of 1887 to the Trustees.
President Battle's report made to the Trustees in 1887 was
deemed by them of such importance that they ordered it
printed and widely distributed. A synopsis of it follows :
The President attributes the small number of students, being
about the same as in 1886, a little over two hundred, to the
failure of crops for three successive years, to the discontinu-
ance of instruction in primary Latin and Greek, which had
been adopted for the benefit of the Agricultural and Mechani-
cal students, and to the persistent agitation for the partial re-
peal of the appropriation, making the growth of the Univer-
sity a matter of doubt.
The behavior of the students has been on the whole excellent.
Their refraining from threats of lynch law to avenge the killing
of a fellow student by a negro is emphatic evidence of their
respect for law.
380 History of University of North Carolina.
Attention is then called to the increase of the Faculty and
extension of the courses of instruction, and additions to the
Chemical, Physical, Mineralogical, Zoological, and Botanical
Laboratories, as well as to the museums. A Reading Room,
supplied with the leading periodicals, has been thrown open
for the students. A combination of the libraries of the two
societies with that of the University has been effected, making
a total of over 20,000 volumes, accessible every day. The
Mitchell Society gives opportunity for original scientific re-
search ; the Shakespeare Club stimulates the study of English
Literature, and the Historical Society the investigation into
North Carolina history.
In spite of financial depression the Lmiversity has obtained
an attendance of over two hundred students, larger than it had
from its opening in 1795 to 185 1. It has educated over five
hundred poor boys and furnished hundreds of teachers. It is
the parent of the Summer Normal School and led to the in-
auguration of graded schools in many of our towns. It has
saved the State hundreds of thousands of dollars.
The appropriation, $20,000, calls for a property tax of only
five or six cents on the $1,000 value.
For some years prior to 1861 the University brought into the
State from abroad about one hundred and eighty students each
year, who spent at least $100,000 annually. It kept from going
into other States for higher education students who would
have carried out $150,000 annually, and would have returned
with a notable loss of State pride. The University of Virginia,
on account of its famed law and medical schools, attracts from
other States one hundred and forty-seven students each year,
spending at least $90,000 annually. Princeton brings into New
Jersey three hundred and fifty-eight extra-State students,
spending $250,000; Yale into Connecticut seven hundred and
forty-four students, spending about $600,000 ; Harvard into
Massachusetts seven hundred and ninety-one, spending about
$600,000. These figures have been largely increased since 1877.
While we may not regain all our Southern patronage because
of the superiority of the universities of Southern States to
those prior to the Civil War, yet, if our University is allowed
Land Grant Act Complied With. 381
to build up a reputation for scholarship and high moral train-
ing, which it will do if properly supported, it will undoubtedly
attract foreign patronage, as do the institutions named.
Moreover, persons with large fortunes are never generous
to decaying institutions. They wish to connect their names
with the prosperous. Already about $60,000 have been added
from private sources to the property of the State at Chapel
Hill.
Dr. Battle then quotes the Land Grant Act of 1862 and the
State Act of 1867, donating the scrip to the University, and
shows that it has been faithfully complied with. The interest
under these laws is to be used not for farm experiments nor
building barns and silos, not for erecting workshops or pur-
chase of stock and machinery, but for teaching (1) the classics,
(2) scientific studies generally, (3) military tactics, (4)
branches relating to Agriculture, (5) branches relating to the
Mechanic Arts : that is, not ploughing and hoeing, nor plan-
ing and sawing, but the scientific principles leading to the
trades, not the trades themselves. After the student has
mastered the branches of learning leading to all the pursuits of
life then let him on farm or in workshop, as in a great poly-
technic school, learn the skill of hand and practical details of
his chosen business. This construction is that put upon the
Act by Commissioner of Education, Hon. John Eaton, and by
Senator Justin S. Morrill, who drew and championed the Act
of 1862.*
The Board of Trustees of the South Carolina College re-
ported to the General Assembly the number of hours devoted
to the study of the branches relating to Agriculture and the
Mechanic Arts by the colleges of Kansas, Michigan, and Mis-
*The Trustees of our Agricultural and Mechanical College found themselves totally
unable to do more with 87,500 a year than theoretical teaching, and have obtained from
the State and the Board of Agriculture many tens of thousands of dollars to erect build-
ings and supply equipment for their practical work. Not a dollar was given the Univer-
sity for such purposes.
The University Trustees acted with conspicuous good faith in regard to this matter.
As has been said, they sent President Battle to leading Agricultural and Mechanical Col-
leges north of us, and on his return adopted the program which has been described. This
program he explained at all the Agricultural Fairs in this State and during court weeks in
as many as eighteen counties. In answer to the State Grange he replied, explaining the
action adopted to carry out the will of Congress and the General Assembly. He sent
copies of this letter to every member of the latter body. He afterwards, on the invitation
of leading Members of the Assembly, delivered an address unfolding our construction of
che Act. No adverse criticism was ever made by any legislator or officer.
382 History of University of North Carolina.
sissippi, viz., General Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Ana-
lytical Chemistry, Agricultural Chemistry, Botany, Physiology,
Zoology, Entomology, Anatomy, Geology, Mineralogy,
Physics, Meteorology. Mechanics, Horticulture, Economic En-
tomology, Agriculture, Political Economy, Business Law.
These colleges were chosen because they were not connected
with any other institution and are regarded as being success-
ful. Yet the University of North Carolina had 1,840 hours
for each session devoted to the foregoing studies, while Kan-
sas had 1,115, Michigan 1,463, and Mississippi 1,295. North
Carolina gave nearly fifty per cent more instruction in Agri-
cultural and Mechanical branches each year than Mississippi,
about twenty-five per cent more than Michigan, about sixty
per cent more than Kansas.
The University has been able to give signal benefit to poor
young men. We have at least one hundred with hands brown
with toil — some cooking for themselves, others hiring their own
cooks but furnishing their own provisions, some having county
appointments free of tuition, others giving notes — with thread-
bare clothes, in the coldest weather without greatcoats, hover-
ing over scanty fires, but with the flames of noble resolution
burning in their breasts. There is one whose left arm was
withered in infancy, who left his mother's roof at twenty years
of age as a farm laborer at six dollars per month, then taught
an humble school and, hearing of the kindness of the Univer-
sity to the poor, made his way to Chapel Hill. He was entitled
to free tuition from bodily infirmity. Amid great privations
he spent a few months in hard study. When the spring sun
rose he started on his travels on foot on the thankless, but most
honorable, business of a book agent. He returned in the fall
with his hard earned gains. He is still at his studies, support-
ing himself by vacation work. He authorized his name to be
given, L. W. Lynch, of Rutherford.
Another case is that of a young man of Burke County, W.
G. Randall, whose graduating speech at the University met
with unusual applause. Bishop Lyman, being struck with the
merit of his drawings, procured admission for him in the New
President's Report of 1887. 383
York Academy of Design. He won rapid promition and was
appointed instructor of drawing in a city school.
Dr. Winston told the Teachers' Assembly at Black Mountain
that an honored teacher then present, Mr. Bonner, of Beau-
fort, had lived at Chapel Hill on four dollars per month. Mr.
Bonner arose and said, "I am sorry to correct my former
teacher, but he is mistaken. I lived on three dollars and forty
cents a month."
Mr. Turlington, an excellent citizen of Johnston County,
father of the Johnston County Superintendent of Schools, who
was then one of our students, came to President Battle one
Saturday afternoon when the sun was about two hours high
and said, "I have come by private conveyance to get a teacher
for our school at Elevation. I must start home by sunset. You
must get me a teacher." Dr. Battle took him to the Methodist
Church where a very worthy student was sweeping out the
church, of which he was sexton. He said, "I can not go, as
I wish to graduate, but perhaps you can get Bonner." "Where
can Bonner be found?" "This being Saturday afternoon, you
will probably find him at work in the Chemical Laboratory."
So it proved, and in five minutes a bargain was struck and on
Monday Bonner was on his way to his new field of labor. This
young man, thus at work at a time usually given up to sport,
was the teacher who interrupted Dr. Winston at the Teachers'
Assembly.
The student who on Saturday afternoon, instead of shouting
on the baseball ground, was sweeping out the Methodist
Church, was William A. Betts, who a year or two after gradu-
ation repaid his Deems' Fund loan with interest and added a
sum, large for a young preacher, to help other borrowers.
He is now an honored preacher in the Methodist Church in
Florida.
In order to show that neither party nor poverty are hin-
drances at the University President Battle states that once, on
visiting the Dialectic Society, of the seven officers in sight the
president and four others were Republicans, although the
Democrats were in a large majority.
When the Land Scrip Act of 1862 was passed twenty-four
384 History of University of North Carolina.
States donated their share to universities and colleges already
in existence, as North Carolina did. Fourteen States estab-
lished separate institutions but either States, counties, towns
or individuals gave large sums as conditions precedent. A
few instances are given : Alabama gave $75,000, Arkansas
$170,000, Iowa $500,000, Kentucky $110,000, Maryland $100,-
000, Massachusetts $656,000, Texas $212,000, Virginia $100,-
000, and North Carolina gave nothing except the site of the
University, not a dollar for equipment. And yet we were blamed
for not giving practical instruction in farming and mechanics !
The Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College is held
up as an instance of great success, and justly so, but not on the
lines of the University. An inspection of their catalogues
shows that the majority of its students are boys and girls pur-
suing ordinary school studies. Of the remainder, more than
half are Freshmen whose studies are far lower than those of
the corresponding class in our University. The tuition is free
except to nonresidents, and they pay only twenty-five dollars
yearly. The college allows the students eight cents an hour
for their work, the State thus paying much of their board. The
Legislature, as stated, gave the college $207,000 for buying
lands, erecting buildings, etc., and pays the college $30,000 per
annum and all receipts of the farm.
Again, it was mentioned in a newspaper to the disadvantage
of this institution that the University of Arkansas had much
larger numbers. An inspection of the catalogue shows that
there had been counted the upper classes of the graded school
of Fayetteville, about twenty girls studying what was called
"art," residents of the town, and about two hundred negro
medical students in a college over a hundred miles away. There
were but one hundred and twenty-five real students in the list.
If this institution had adopted similar standards and pur-
sued similar policies it could have boasted of numbers. No
reflection is intended. The college is doing a useful and valu-
able work, but is not doing the work of the University of North
Carolina. This University is doing a most useful and valuable
work but it ought not to confine itself to agricultural and me-
chanical teaching.
Commencement of 1887. 385
The Commencement of 1887, after the non-public society
meetings on Tuesday night, was ushered in by the address of
Hon. John Goode, of Norfolk, Virginia, chosen by the Philan-
thropic Society. He was introduced by one of the members,
Robert F. Burwell. Mr. Goode spoke eloquently of the great-
ness of the age. Daniel Webster said that he lived longer than
Methuselah, because he had seen more. What immense prog-
ress since Webster died ! While emphasizing our loyalty to
the Union, we should be proud of our past. Have no sym-
pathy with those who would exalt the "New South," as it is
flippantly called, by detracting from the just fame of the old
South.
The orator was strong in his praise of Industrial Education.
"The achievements of the inventor are permanent. * * *
They flow on in a perennial and an undying stream, and in-
fluence the most distant posterity. The humblest millwright
has done more than all the kings that lie in the catacombs of
Egypt. The invention of the reaper is more a blessing to man-
kind than the achievements of the warriors." He also pressed
the importance of high character in public and private life.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was preached by Rev. Joseph R.
Wilson, D.D., Professor of Theology of the Southwestern
Presbyterian University at Clarksville, Tennessee, father of
Dr. Woodrow Wilson, late President of Princeton University.
It was a sermon "full of meat," the subject being "True Great-
ness." He drew a picture of the truly great man. The great-
est man is he whose reliance on truth is most unfaltering. No
life is the highest that conveys no blessings to other lives.
Christ is the king and kinsman, the benefactor and brother of
all. The preacher knew a man in the mountains of Virginia
who lived for others, totally unselfish, Godlike. Contrast his
life with that of Lord Byron, brilliant but vicious, egotistical.
Lasting greatness is only goodness.
On Wednesday night the representatives of the societies de-
livered original speeches. Lee Crowell's subject was "The
Utility of Beauty"; Hansen M. Murphy spoke on "Leadership
in America"; Logan Douglass Howell on "The Spirit of the
Age" ; Junius R. Parker on "Rebounds" ; O. D. Batchelor on
25
386 History of University of Xorth Carolina.
"The Reformer" ; and John A. Hendricks on 'The Death
Penalty."
The Representative Medal, given by the two societies, was
awarded by a committee to Air. Batchelor.
The Trustees had met in the afternoon. They decided to
give an assistant to Professors Hume and Winston, to teach
some of the lower classes and to correct exercises, to be ap-
pointed by the Professor in charge and the President.
Of the Visiting Committee Messrs. J. L. Stewart, J. S. Carr,
and William H. Chadbourn were present, but made no official
report at that time.
Speeches of Graduates.
Nearly all of Thursday was occupied by the speeches of
graduates. The program runs : "The Mystery of Nature," by
D. Tate Wilson; ''Russia's Position in Europe," by W. S.
Wilkinson; "Bismarck," by H. F. Shaffner ; "The Merit Sys-
tem Versus Spoils," by W. H. McDonald; "The Ideal Teacher
and His Social Influence," by Claude F. Smith; "Our Social
Dangers and Their Remedies," by A. M. Simmons ; "American
Citizenship," by Claudius Dockery, the Philosophical Oration;
"Progress in Conservatism," by Louis M. Bourne; "Individu-
ality," by J. F. Alclver; "The Influence of Ideals," by Richard
N. Hackett ; "The Slavery of Freedom," by Robert G. Gris-
som, the Scientific Oration ; "The Failure of Republics," by W.
H. [McNeill ; "The Foreign Element in American Life," by
Jacob C. Johnson; "The Makers of Our State," by Vernon W.
Long; "The Transition Period," by Henry R. Starbuck; "The
Scientific Spirit," by Lucius P. McGehee : "Our Best Inheri-
tance," by Haywood Parker.
Of the above Mr. Starbuck was absent on account of the
death of his father. Besides these, five candidates for the
Bachelor's degree were allowed to submit theses without speak-
ing, viz., Joseph H. Baker, Jr., on "Ancient Speculations in
Natural Science" ; Robert T. Burwell on "Hear the Other
Side" ; Joseph A. Morris on "Petrovich in America" ; James
McGuire on "The Rights of Labor and of Capital" ; and Wil-
liam R. Tucker on "The Spirit of British Eloquence."
Commencement of 1887. 387
Lucius Polk McGehee was declared to be Valedictorian, at-
taining an average in all his studies of over ninety-five.
Claudius Dockery attained the highest general average in the
Ph.B. course, which was above ninety, and was voted the
Philosophical Oration. Robert G. Grissom attained the high-
est general average in the Scientific course, which was above
ninety, and was voted the Scientific Oration.
For the degree of Master of Arts, Samuel B. Turrentine
passed the requisite studies and submitted an approved thesis
on "Affiliation of Roman and Greek History." Stephen
Beauregard Weeks also fulfilled the requirements and pre-
sented a treatise on the "Chester Mysteries."
Herbert Bemerton Battle attained the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy (Ph.D.). His subject was "Agricultural Chemis-
try and Geology."
The Mangum Medal for Oratory was awarded to Louis M.
Bourne, his subject being, as said, "Progress in Conservatism."
The ideal standard of government can only be reached through
liberal conservatism. Our recent war was the result of ex-
treme Southern conservatism, not the result of rashness.
The Bachelor of Arts graduates were in number thirteen,
the Bachelor of Philosophy graduates were eight, there was
one Bachelor of Science, a total of twenty-two.
Bourne, Burwell, Johnson, Long, McDonald, Mclver, Mor-
ris, Parker, Shaffner, Simmons, Smith, Starbuck, Wilkinson,
and Wilson graduated cum laude. Dockery and Grissom
magna cum laude, and McGehee maxima cum laude. Medals
and prizes were won as follows :
Mathematical Prize — William M. Little.
Greek Prize — William James Battle.
Chemistry Medal — Robert Gilliam Grissom.
Worth Prize — Lucius Polk McGehee.
Magazine Medal — M. W. Egerton.
388 History of University of Korth Carolina.
Special Certificates :
In Mathematics to William Myers Little, Lucius Polk
McGehee, Delonza Tate Wilson.
In Latin to Lucius Polk McGehee.
In Chemistry to Robert Gilliam Grissom, Henry Fries Shaff-
ner.
In Natural Philosophy to Robert Turnbull Burwell, Claudius
Dockery, Robert Gilliam Grissom. Lucius Polk McGehee.
Some of the graduates of 1887 have achieved notable success
in life. Bourne has a large practice as a lawyer in Asheville,
as has his partner, Parker. McGehee has written a law book
of great merit, and was co-editor of a Law Encyclopaedia.
He is an able Professor of Law in this University, and Dean
of the department. Morris is a skillful physician; Grissom
an able man of business; Simmons lost his eyesight, but con-
tinued his law practice and published a book of merit; Smith
stands high as an Episcopal clergyman ; Starbuck has been a
much esteemed Judge, and is an able lawyer ; Wilkinson is a
successful insurance agent ; Burwell a prosperous man in New
Orleans ; Dockery is United States Marshal ; Shaffner, cashier
of a bank and trust company.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) was
granted to Rev. John Backus, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and Rev. L.
C. Yass, of New Bern, eminent divines, the first of the Baptist
and the second of the Presbyterian Church.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Lazvs (LL.D.) was
granted to Hon. Joseph J. Davis, a Judge of the Supreme
Court of the State ; to Morris H. Henry, M.D., an eminent
physician of New York ; to the Right Reverend Theodore B.
Lyman, Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in North
Carolina, and to Hunter McGuire, distinguished surgeon, of
Richmond, Yirginia.
William M. Little was Chief Marshal.
The Ball was pronounced to be the best conducted and most
orderly of any on record. The credit for this was given to the
tact and firmness of the chief manager, Frank M. Parker, Jr.
In i886-'87 the changes in the Faculty were few. Eben
Alexander, Ph.D., a graduate of Yale, Professor of Greek and
Chairman of the Faculty of the University of Tennessee, be-
University Day in 1887. 389
came Professor of the Greek Language and Literature. James
Lee Love, in addition to his other duties, became Librarian
and Secretary of the Faculty. Professor Gore retained the
Registrarship. Joseph A. Morris and John F. Mclver were
Student Librarians.
Events of i887-'88.
An effort was made to place the University Magazine on a
safe basis, the subscription list having dwindled to insignifi-
cance. The cause of this was in part irregular management,
sometimes whole issues not being distributed. The new plan
was to make the journal independent of subscriptions. There
were two editors, from each of the literary societies, and two
from the Faculty, who were to be chiefs of staff. The societies
and the University were to receive one hundred copies each
gratis. The University and the societies contributed to the
cost $100 each. There were to be six issues per annum and the
price was one dollar a copy.
On University Day, October 12th, there was a scholarly
historical address on the career of William Richardson Davie,
the Father of the University, by Hon. Alfred D. Jones, of
the Class of 1878. He dwelt especially on the services rendered
by Davie in casting the vote of North Carolina, then one of the
large States, to give the small States equal weight in the Sen-
ate. He was likewise a signal benefactor to his country in
1798, as one of the Commissioners to France, in averting a
war with that country.
President Battle followed by reading to the audience the
last letter written by Davie before repairing to his home in
South Carolina. It was his parting advice to the Trustees of
the University in regard to its management and contains many
wise precepts. He was especially severe in commenting on the
"uppishness," (to use a word of modern coinage), of young
men under age adopting the slang engendered by the French
Revolutionary times, and prating about the rights of man, the
inalienable right of resistance to tyranny, and such "bigotv"
phrases.
Mr. Jones' career after the triumph of this day was brief and
39° History of University of North Carolina.
deplorable. After being appointed Consul to Shanghai in 1893
it was his sad fate to die in that distant city before actively
entering on his duties. The State lost an excellent citizen and
the University a cherished son. He was a descendant of one
of the early Trustees and Senators of Wake, Nathaniel Jones,
of "White Plains." and of Daniel W. Courts, A.B., 1823, long
State Treasurer. His father, Wesley Jones, was United States
Marshal and State Senator and Commoner, while he himself
was a leader in the Legislature.
Col. Alfred Moore Waddell, by invitation, in October
read an interesting paper before the Mitchell Society on the
probable settlement of our coasts by the Norsemen prior to the
sailing of Columbus. His essay was bright and plausible and
his delivery graceful and in excellent taste.
Later Colonel Waddell read in his usual charming
manner a paper on Shakespeare's knowledge of law as shown
in numberless passages. Although some may conclude that
the great poet knew of law about as much as any intelligent
man in our days can pick up from the newspaper accounts of
court proceedings, serving on juries, and conversation with
members of the bar, we were forced to admit the skill with
which the speaker handled his authorities.
On the 22d of February, 1888, Henry Johnston, of Tar-
boro, delivered the oration. It won for him the reputation of
a large brain and rare literary powers.
Professor Toy having been severely injured by a fall from
a runaway horse, Mr. Hans Schmidt- Wartenburg was elected
to take temporary charge of French and German. He proved
to be remarkably well versed in the studies of his department
and very acceptable to his classes. There was general regret
that the state of our finances did not justify us in retaining him
by the offer of another chair.
The thanks of the Faculty were voted to Dr. Wm, B. Phil-
lips for rearranging and relabelling the Vienna collection of
minerals, and for his generously adding to the collection from
his private hoards.
Class Day of 1888. 391
The Senior Class of 1888 held its Class Day exercises on
April 24. At the opening of the fall term of the preceding
year there was a meeting for organization. Wm. Myers Little
was chosen President, Malvern Hill Palmer, Secretary, and
Francis Marion Harper, Treasurer. Gold headed canes and
silk hats were adopted, the class cup decided upon, and a com-
mittee appointed to procure a class tree. Mr. W. J. Armfield,
president of the National Bank of High Point, saved the com-
mittee the trouble of investigation by presenting to the class
a Norway spruce (Picea Excelsa). The donor's letter was
gracefully expressed. Two sentences are quoted. "This
species of tree illustrates an excellent type by which to fashion
your career in life. A bro,ad base, with wide extending, sym-
metrical branches, towering majestically, its foliage ever fresh
and green and flourishing, when nurtured 'neath sunny skies,
or where nature presents herself in more rugged and repellant
form." A vote of thanks was given to the donor. It is sad to
note that this tree, beginning its Chapel Hill life under such
auspices, lingered for several years and then succumbed to its
natural enemies.
At one o'clock on the 24th, the class, with the President and
Marshal in front, entered Memorial Hall to a spirited march
rendered by the Raleigh String Band. This program inter-
spersed with music was duly rendered :
I. Oration by Oliver D. Batchelor.
II. History by William James Battle.
III. Poem by Charles G. Foust.
IV. Prophecies by St. Clair Hester.
V. Address by President William M. Little.
An anecdote told by the historian, W. J. Battle, and a few
statements from his history may be of interest. Professor
Winston gave the class an extended written entrance examina-
tion in Latin. One of his questions was, "What are the princi-
pal parts of capio? Ditto, tango?" One bright youth wrote
capio, cap ere, cepi, captum. Ditto, dittare, dittavi, dittatum.
In the Freshman year the class numbered eighty. Of these
all but thirteen left during their course, but six were added
after the first year, so that there were nineteen graduates.
392 History of University of North Carolina.
Of the class there were ten Dialectics and nine Philan-
thropies. In church preferences there were eleven Methodists,
five Episcopalians, one Presbyterian, one Disciple, and one un-
decided. One minister, five lawyers, two physicians, two
journalists, two teachers, one banker, one chemist, one farmer,
and four undecided made up the future professions of the
class. The ages of the members ranged from seventeen to
twenty-six ; the weight from one hundred and twenty-eight
to one hundred and eighty-five pounds. Of those who left the
University before graduation eleven were teachers. The rest
were doing well. Several of those who left joined lower
classes.
The class poem, by Charles G. Foust, had real merit. It
was the story of a girl in Randolph County, Naomi Wise, who
was enamored of Nathan Lewis, betrayed under promise of
immediate marriage, and drowned by her lover in Deep River.
He was pursued, carried to Naomi's side and, losing his reason,
killed himself. An extract is given :
With measured step he neared her side;
His brow grew swarthy, wild his eye.
As down he bent and stroked her brow,
Swift furies around him closed
And laughed with murderous glee.
A deep black scowl, a maniac's howl,
His earthly end shall be.
Down, down the side of the chasm wide,
He took the awful leap.
But ne'er was drowned the maniac sound
Of that last piercing shriek;
The cry long rings on whirling winds,
Then dies into a moan,
To tell that crime in every clime
Has only death for its own.
The prophecies by St. Clair Hester were droll and piquant.
They were intended to amuse the students and succeeded ad-
mirably.
Class Day of 1888. 393
The President in his speech called attention to the oppor-
tunities and responsibilities of his classmates :
We are living, we are dwelling,
In a grand and awful time,
In an age or ages telling —
To be living is sublime.
Our opportunities have been greater than are those of the ma-
jority. May we all meet them fairly and honestly — in view
of our responsibility to ourselves, to our country and our God.
The exercises closed with a beautiful ode by Mrs. C. P.
Spencer, written expressly for the class, to the tune of "Annie
Laurie."
Fair sbines the rosy morning,
And fairer omens wait
To bless with cheerful warning
The boys of "eighty-eight."
All hail to eighty-eight,
And hail our festal day,
Whose memories, sweet and tender.
Will fill our hearts for aye.
This gray old haunt of sages,
With generous, open door,
And bright, illumined pages,
Will know us soon no more.
Will see us here no more.
But for many and many a day,
May her light be brightly burning,
And her name renowned for aye.
Brothers! we part tomorrow,
Each to his duty's call,
Each to the joy or sorrow
Our Father sends to all.
Whate'er He sends to all,
Let naught the march delay;
The path grows clear and clearer
That leads us home for aye.
394 History of University of North Carolina.
Clasp hands, dear friends, at parting,
In Faith, and Hope and Love;
Press back the teardrop starting,
Adieu to Hill and Grove.
Adieu to Hill and Grove,
Where yet we fain would stay,
Where our sweetest thoughts will linger
And our love remains for aye.
After the class exercises came an amusing presentation
of bogus medals, such as the "Ugly Man's," the "Dude's," the
recipients selected generally on the principle of Incus a non
lucendo, though sometimes real sarcasm was intended. All
was taken in good humor.
At night there was a dance in the Gymnasium, at which
were present many of the belles of the State.
Commencement of 1888.
The Commencement of 1888 was the ninety-second. The
weather was lovely and the attendance was very good. The
number of alumni at the society meetings was unusually large.
On Wednesday morning Chief Justice Walter Clark deliv-
ered the Annual Address, having been chosen by the Philan-
thropic Society. Since then he has been elected Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court of this State. He gave counsel of inesti-
mable value, describing the great possibilities before young men
and their corresponding duties. He then mentioned some of
the great questions which must be rightly solved or our civili-
zation will be destroyed — the accumulation of enormous wealth,
the immense power that this wealth gives, the formation of
trusts and the nullifying the laws of supply and demand, the
control of elections, the creation of communists and anarchists.
But the Judge believed that the people would find a remedy.
In closing he exhorted the young men to imitate the great
men of the University. One class has four in consecutive order,
Pettigrew, Pool, Ransom, and Scales. The alumni are a long
array of men worthy to be revered and followed. "By faithful,
complete and perfect performance of duty, you can be useful
Commencement of 1888. 395
in your day and generation and shall conquer from the eternal
silence something that shall last and which will speak for you
when your lips are dumb — the memory and influence of a life
nobly spent in the faithful performance of duty."
After the address the Alumni Association was called to-
gether by Hon. P. C. Cameron, who gave way to the new
President, Col. Walter L. Steele. Mr. Josephus Daniels was
elected Secretary, Mr. Robert G. Grissom, Treasurer, and
five vice-presidents were chosen. Committees were appointed
to arrange for reunions at the charter centennial in 1889, and
to effect local organizations throughout the country, wherever
the alumni were sufficiently numerous.
The sermon of Rev. Dr. Wayland Hoyt, pastor of the Me-
morial Baptist Church of Philadelphia, was in the afternoon.
The text was "Have Salt in Yourselves," and the sermon was
filled with sound instruction, eloquently and feelingly con-
veyed. His theme was "The Right Uses of the Salt of Cul-
ture." "To win great success continuous and religious work
through life is necessary. True culture is Godward."
The exercises of Wednesday night were, as usual, interest-
ing, being original speeches by representatives chosen by the
societies locally known as the "Representative speaking." Their
names and subjects are as follows: "Grido di Dolore," by
George S. Wills; "Poetry and Progress," by John S. Hill;
"Truth in History," by W. T. Whitsett; "North Carolina's
Need of a History," by S. M. Blount; "Art in Relation to
Character," by Hunter L. Harris ; "The Status of Southern
Women," by Thomas A. Cox ; "Life Out of Death," by M. W.
Egerton, and "Heroism," by Daniel J. Currie. Messrs. Wills,
Blount, Harris, and Cox were Philanthropies, the others Dia-
lectics. The committee of alumni awarded the medal to Mr.
Egerton.
Thursday was the great day. It was Commencement proper.
The citizens of the county came in numbers so great that their
horses and vehicles covered the part of the Campus south of
Memorial Hall. At ten o'clock a long procession of officers,
alumni, students, and eminent visitors marched to the Chapel,
396 Histofy of University of North Carolina.
uncovering their heads as they passed the Caldwell Monu-
ment. Then came music by the band and the opening prayer.
Original speeches by the graduates followed. Eugene
Morehead Armfield spoke on "Southern Literature" ; Henry
Watson Lewis on "Faith and Freedom" ; Thomas J. Eskridge
on "Rome in America"; William E. Headen on "The Cost of
Culture"; Francis M. Harper on "The Revolution of
Thought," this being the Philosophical Oration; Robert Lee
Smith on "The Crisis of English Freedom" ; Hayne Davis on
"The Idol of Our Age" ; William James Battle on "The Early
Settlers of North Carolina — a Vindication," this being the
Classical Oration ; St. Clair Hester on "Religious Liberalism" ;
Charles G. Foust on "The Failure of Success" ; W. J. B. Dail
on "The Balance Sheet of North Carolina" ; Oliver Douglas
Batchelor on "Social Ideals"; Malvern Hill Palmer on "The
Citizen of the World"; William Myers Little (Valedictorian)
on "The Young Man's Problem" ; E. P. Withers on "The
Coming Revolution."
The following theses were submitted but not read publicly :
A. Braswell, Jr., on "North Carolina — Her Material Advan-
tages"; Luther Bell Edwards on "The Netherlands and Their
Leader" ; Maxcy L. John on "The Danger of an Unrestricted
Press"; Benoni Thorp on "Raleigh and American Coloniza-
tion." There was one thesis by a candidate for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy, Stephen Beauregard Weeks, on "The
Maid of France and Schiller Versus Shakespeare."
The committee on the speaking awarded the Mangum Medal
to Mr. Batchelor. They also especially commended St. Clair
Hester, E. P. Withers, F. M. Harper, and T. J. Eskridge.
The names of those obtaining Degrees in Course may be
found in the Appendix.
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 9
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 6
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) 4
Bachelor of Law 1
Total 20
Commencement of 1888. 397
The members of this class have had a good average of suc-
cess. Armfield died in 1909, after having been a thriving
banker, and after giving $5,000 to the University for scholar-
ships ; Batchelor is a successful lawyer in Virginia ; Battle is
Dean of the University of Texas and Professor of Greek;
Davis has been secretary of the American Branch of the Inter-
national Arbitration Tribunal, and is a lawyer in New York ;
Edwards is a Superintendent of Graded Schools of repute ;
Foust is a thriving lumberman in Texas ; Harper is Superin-
tendent of the Graded Schools of Raleigh, very prominent as an
educator ; John is a successful lawyer ; Smith was a prominent
teacher, has been in the Legislature from Stanly, and is now a
lawyer; Withers has a high reputation as a lawyer and As-
semblyman in Virginia ; Dail is a teacher ; Eskridge is a Metho-
dist minister in Tennessee ; Drew an able lawyer in Florida ;
Hester is rector of one of the principal Episcopal Churches in
Brooklyn, New York ; Headen a leading physician in Beaufort ;
H. W. Lewis a successful lawyer and business man in New
Jersey; Little has been Consul to a Central American city and
is a lawyer of repute. Thorp and Palmer died early.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) was con-
ferred on Theodore B. Kingsbury, alumnus of 1848, editor of
the Wilmington Star and afterwards of the Messenger, an au-
thor and an accomplished scholar ; on Bishop E. R. Hendricks
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Judge Robert P.
Dick, late of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, then Judge
of the United States District Court, a graduate of 1841.
The degree of Doctor of Divinity (D.D.) was conferred on
Rev. Samuel Rothrock, of the Lutheran Church.
In the Bachelor of Arts course W. M. Little graduated
maxima cum laude. Those magna cum laude were O. D.
Batchelor, W. J. Battle, and Hayne Davis. Those cum laude
were E. M. Armfield, L. B. Edwards, St. Clair Hester, H. W.
Lewis, and W. E. Headen. Those in the Bachelor of Phil-
osophy course were F. M. Harper and E. P. Withers magna
cum laude; Charles G. Foust, Malvern H. Palmer, and Robert
L. Smith cum laude. Those obtaining Bachelor of Science
398 History of University of North Carolina.
(B.S.) were A. Braswell, Jr., W. J. B. Dail, Thomas J. Esk-
ridge, and Benoni Thorp, all cum laude. There was one
Bachelor of Laws (B.L.), Frank Drew.
Special mention was made of Robert Lee Uzzell, who had
pursued a two years postgraduate course in English and the
Modern Languages. The Worth prize went to E. P. Withers ;
the Greek prize to G. P. Howell ; the Mathematical prize to
Alexander Mclver, Jr. ; the Chemistry medal to Benoni Thorp ;
the prize for an essay on Education in North Carolina to John
S. Hill ; the winners of the Mangum and Representative
medals have been mentioned.
Special Certificates were granted as follows :
Latin — E. M. Armfield, Wm. J. Battle, Hayne Davis, L. D.
Howell, W. S. Roberson, T. W. Valentine, C. A. Webb.
Greek— W. J. Battle, St. Clair Hester, C. A. Webb.
English — St. Clair Hester.
Chemistry — Benoni Thorp.
Natural Philosophy — T. J. Eskridge, W. M. Little.
Normal Course — W. T. Whitsett.
Course in Agriculture — J. S. Holmes.
Normal Instruction — W. T. Whitsett.
The Honors:
Valedictory Oration — William Myers Little.
Classical Oration — William James Battle.
Philosophical Oration — Francis Marion Harper.
Latin Prize — George Pierce Howell.
Greek Prize — Alexander Mclver, Jr.
Mathematical Medal — Daniel Johnson Currie.
Chemistry Medal — Benoni Thorp.
Worth Prize — Eugene Percival Withers.
Representative Medal — Montraville Walker Egerton.
Mangum Medal — Oliver Douglas Batchelor.
At the private meeting of the two societies in the Philan-
thropic Hall the debater's medal was won by Logan D. How-
ell, the essayist's by H. G. Wood, the declaimer's by Shepard
Bryan. In the Dialectic the debater's medal was won by E. P.
Withers, the essayist's by D. J. Currie, and the declaimer's by
J. Spottswood Taylor.
In i887-'88 Professor Love's title was changed to Associate
Death of Rev. Charles Phillips. 399
Professor. Claudius Dockery, Ph.B., was made the Instructor
in Latin, and Stephen B. Weeks, A.M., Instructor in English.
Victor S. Bryant and St. Clair Hester were Society Librarians.
Death of Dr. Phillips.
On April 10, 1889, occurred a death full of pathos. Rev.
Charles Phillips, D.D., LL.D., ten years before, as has been
told, felt that it was his duty to resign active work in the Uni-
versity, and was made Professor Emeritus. When his father,
Dr. James Phillips, came from Harlem in New York to fill
the Chair of Mathematics, Charles was a boy four years old.
He grew up under the shadow of the University and gradu-
ated one of the first honor men of his class in 1841. Many
of his friends regretted that he did not confine his studies to
Mathematics. He would have become a renowned specialist
in that line. While none of his sons inherited his mathe-
matical talent and taste, one, Dr. Wm. B. Phillips, is Director
of the University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology,
another, Rev. Dr. Alexander L. Phillips, is General Agent of
the Presbyterian Church, South, for the conduct of Sunday
Schools. Dr. Charles Phillips' sister, Mrs. Cornelia Phillips
Spencer, attained much reputation as a writer of letters and
lyrics, and his brother, Samuel Field Phillips, was one of
the ablest lawyers of the country and was for twelve
years Solicitor-General of the United States. His father,
Rev. Dr. James Phillips, long Professor of Mathematics
in this University, has already been described. One of his
daughters, Mrs. Lucy Phillips Russell, has been Dean of the
Presbyterian College (for girls) at Charlotte. He is buried
in the Chapel Hill Cemetery. A marble slab in the Presby-
terian Church commemorates his successful labors in pro-
curing its erection.
Commencement of 1889.
The Commencement of 1889 is distinguished as being the
centennial of the granting of the charter. Messrs. John Man-
ning, Geo. T. Winston, and J. W. Gore were a committee of
the Faculty to make the proper arrangements. In order to
400 History of University of North Carolina.
insure a full attendance it was promised that the occasion
would not be used for bringing pressure on the alumni for
pecuniary donations. It was thought that the revival of affec-
tionate feelings towards Alma Mater and towards one another
would bring the institution more abundant returns than could
be attained from pockets or check books. Besides there are
sensitive natures, of great influence in their neighborhoods but
poor in purse, who are mortified in gatherings when others are
showering gifts while they must hold their hands. The com-
mittee were complimented on the thoroughness and good taste
of their arrangements.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was by Bishop W. W. Duncan,
of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The text was Matthew
20:20-28. Seldom do such sermons have as true, practical,
godly wisdom as his. At night he preached in the new Metho-
dist Church. There was a debt of $800 on the building. A
subscription was taken up, the amount raised, and the church
dedicated.
The Class Day exercises of 1889 were held in Memorial
Hall, June 4th. Logan Douglass Howell was President;
Herbert Clement, Secretary-Treasurer ; Charles Aurelius
Webb, Orator ; George Stockton Wills, Historian ; Hunter Lee
Harris, Poet ; Mills Robert Eure, Prophet ; Lacy Legrand Lit-
tle, Marshal.
Addresses were made by President, Orator, Historian,
Poet, and Prophet.
The class song was sung to the tune of "In the Gloaming."
It was the composition of Hunter Lee Harris, who shortly
afterwards lost his life by drowning. Among its younger
alumni the University has lost none more promising than
was he.
Comrades, as we stand together
Here to take a last farewell,
Hope may spring and live forever,
Parting now comes like a knell.
Oft in fair and cloudy weather,
At the call of book or bell,
Have we toiled or lounged together —
Ah, the tale is hard to tell!
Class Day Exercises of 1889. 40 l
Well! four years is quite a season,
But how quickly it has passed!
Life is short, ah! that's the reason
Why eternity's so vast.
Now the slow revolving cycle
Once hath reached the hundred line,
There we've climbed to write the title
Of our class of eighty-nine.
College joys are ours no longer;
College trials, too, are o'er,
And our hearts should be the stronger
For the days that are no more.
If it be when hours are golden
We have oft unfaithful been,
It should all the more embolden
Us to labor and to win.
Comrades! in the great Hereafter,
AVhen our youth has gone before,
Let the echo of its laughter
Thrill us ever more and more.
And from youth to old age growing,
Grow we, too, in sweet content,
May we reap the faithful sowing
Of a true life truly spent.
The oration by Webb was on "Modern Development." It
showed eloquence and praiseworthy scoring of the feverish
haste to be rich. One sentence is given : "Hence, while we are
Simon-like bending over, digging in the earth, let us once in
a while straighten up to the full stature of our manhood and
give the noble and better part of us a glimpse skyward, so
that the soul that is within us may feel that through the glim-
mering sheen of the midnight heavens, spangled over with
stars, there is a divine suggestion that we live a life that is not
all dross and towards which we should sometimes strive."
Wills, the Historian, recorded some facts of much in-
terest. Fifty-three Freshmen were registered in 1885. The
next year forty-three returned and ten new students took the
place of those who remained at home. In the Junior year only
twenty-seven out of fifty-three Sophomores returned, but three
new men came in, making thirty Juniors. Only twenty out of
26
402 History of University of North Carolina.
a total registration of sixty-eight are graduates. Of these
eleven are Dialectics and eight Philanthropies ; one belonging
to neither society. There are eight Methodists, five Presby-
terians, five Baptists, one Episcopalian, and one Friend. The
average age is twenty-two and two-fifths years. The ages run
from nineteen up to twenty-seven. The average weight is
one hundred and forty-eight and one-half pounds, and height
five feet ten inches and a fraction over. As to vocations there
are six prospective lawyers, three teachers, two foreign mis-
sionaries, one minister, one teacher or preacher, and five unde-
cided. Tennyson is the most popular poet. Shakespeare, Milton,
Burns, Byron, Wordsworth, Longfellow, and Father Ryan have
their devotees. Seven prefer tennis, but all are fond of athletics.
The class is divided on the subject of Saturday recitations.
The Dialectic Society sent a strong delegation before the Fac-
ulty to procure their abolition, while an equally strong delega-
tion from the Philanthropic Society urged their retention.
The poem of Mr. Harris, called "Lucius and Edward — an
Imitation of the Idylls of the King," is beautiful and touching.
Lucius Marvin and Edward Gray are bound to one another by
the closest ties of friendship. They go to war together and
fight gallantly under Lee. They are desperately wounded, but
recover under the gentle and skillful nursing of the heroine.
Both love her, but she gives her heart to Edward. Lucius
magnanimously conceals his wound and goes abroad as a mis-
sionary.
And when the moons
Of that sweet summer had gathered in
To autumn's mellow harvest, Lucius sailed, —
A man in whom the fire of passion, stilled
And turned to nobler ends by love, and by
The sacrifice of nobler love that bound
Man to his friend, — so Lucius sailed
Prom his own land to spread the glorious realm
Of our fair Christ in heathen lands; to look
Forever to that greater realm wherein
None marry, or are given in marriage but to
The Heavenly Bridegroom, where the spirits breathe
One grand sweet symphony, and over all
The benediction of the Father falls.
The Centennial Celebration in 1889. 403
The prophecies of Mr. Eure were in the usual mock-heroic,
sarcastic exaggerated style. Vaticinations were made because
ludicrously impossible. For example one of the most religious,
about to start as a foreign missionary, was predicted to be a
heinous criminal, executed by swinging.
President Howell congratulated the class on reaching this
important point in life's pilgrimage and exhorted them to take
heart to attack the problems of the future.
Afterwards during the week it was resolved to have a re-
union in 1895, and to present a handsome silver cup to the first
son of a member of the class.
In the afternoon a large audience honored the speaking of
the representatives of the two societies. They were George H.
Crowell on "There Shall be No Alps" ; Frank H. Batchelor
on "Forecasts" ; Wm. W. Davies, Jr., "Skepticism, False and
True" ; Fred A. Green, "The Nineteenth Century" ; Henry A.
Gilliam, Jr., "The Mormon Question"; Edgar Love, "Shall
Women Vote?" The judges thought Mr. Crowell's oration
the best.
On Tuesday night the Philanthropic and Dialectic Societies
held reunions. To a late hour the old members in short
speeches told reminiscences of the old days, and their pleasure
therein.
Wednesday was set apart for the Centennial Celebration.
Men of all pursuits in life, old men and young men, were here,
reviving the College nicknames and telling of the old pranks, —
talking about "Old Bunk," "Old. Mike," "Fet," "Hub," "Old
Johnny" and "Old Bull," "Fatty," "Hoop," "Ash," "Benha-
dad," "Barnum," "Hep," "Tige,"* and others of the good old
Faculty. The promised historical address by General M. W.
Ransom was prevented by his having had the accident of a
fractured arm. Memorial Hall was filled. On the stage were
many prominent men. Among those from other States were
Dr. J. L. M. Curry; Prof. W. G. Brown, of Washing-
ton and Lee University ; Professors Burney and Woodward, of
the University of South Carolina; Col. C. S. Venable, of the
*In the order named, Swain, Mitchell, Fetter, Hubbard, James Phillips, Charles Phil-
lips, Hooper, Ashbel Brown, Benj. Hedrick, Wheat, Hepburn, Smith.
404 History of University of North Carolina.
University of Virginia ; Col. Henry R. Shorter, of the Rail-
road Commission of Alabama. Col. Walter L. Steele was
chairman. Messrs. Henry A. London and Josephus Daniels
were secretaries.
Hon. John Manning, of the Committee of Arrangements,
made a statement of their work and welcomed the alumni,
who, from Colorado to Florida, were visiting their Alma
Mater. "This immense concourse of the men and women of
the State is here to show how deeply rooted in the hearts of
the people is this nursing mother of our youth." Secretary
London called the roll of classes. There was no response until
he reached 1824. Dr. Armand J. DeRosset, the sole living
member of the class, and the oldest living graduate of the Uni-
versity, represented that class. On motion he was made honor-
ary president and sat by the side of President Steele. He
expressed his profound regret that some of his classmates,
Wm. A. Graham, M. E. Manly, John W. Norwood and other
distinguished members, were not living.
The Class of 1827 was the next, represented by Paul C.
Cameron, an alumnus but not a graduate. He refrained from
speaking, as he had promised to respond to a toast at the
banquet.
The next class was 1831, represented by Hon. Giles Mebane,
ex-Speaker of the Senate. He paid a tribute to President
Caldwell. As illustrating the rough character of the students
of his day he told of a stalwart new student who inspected the
Faculty with a critic's eye and said, "Are these the Faculty ?
I can whip the whole of them myself." "Dr. Caldwell was of
imposing presence and of scrupulously neat apparel, his moral
courage was indomitable, his activity and bodily strength equal
to any encounter, whether in the classroom or on the Campus.
No one ever touched his person in a rude and angry manner.
His bearing towards the students was marked by that gentle
politeness which springs from learning and from contact with
the best society. The first railroad meeting ever held in North
Carolina was called by him in 1828 at Sandy Grove in Chat-
ham County on the supposed line of his east and west pro-
jected road, and he was denounced on the floor of the Senate
Charter Centennial of 1889. 405
Chamber as a visionary by General Jesse Speight, who after-
wards became Senator in Congress from Mississippi.
"In company with Rev. Dr. John Rice, Dr. Caldwell was
actively instrumental in founding Union Seminary in Virginia
and was the first President of the Board of Trustees. He
controlled the Synod of North Carolina. He was in private
very charitable, one of his proteges receiving the name of
'Fillwell' Jones. I have said enough for an octogenarian. I
take final leave of this splendid audience, in this magnificent
hall, on this memorable occasion, the centennial of North Caro-
lina's University. Long may she prosper and her 'shadow
never grow less.' "
Judge James Grant was on his way to the celebration, but
the unusual floods prevented his arrival in season. He wrote
a letter, which was made a part of the proceedings. He stated
that he was taken by his father to Chapel Hill in 1826 to join
the Freshman Class, but Dr. Caldwell looked- down on him
from under his shaggy eyebrows and said : "That boy is too
young for college life ; bring him two years hence and let him
join the Sophomore." He joined the Sophomore in 1828.
His residence when he wrote, March 12, 1889, was Grant's
Spring, in California. "At the advanced age of seventy I am
cultivating an orchard and vineyard in an unknown place in
the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and keeping a tavern for parties
who visit the wonder of the whole coast, the Yosemite Valley.
My life has been a useful, though obscure one. and when I
leave this world I shall not be in debt to it. I came to the
Northwest, grew up with it, held office a little in early life,
made a large fortune as a lawyer ; have given away most of
it, and own as large a library of books as any man in England
or America. It has cost me over forty thousand dollars. All
this savors of egotism, if I were not writing as a child of the
University, whose little units, scattered over this wide world,
make it a great whole."
The Class of 183 1 had a strong representation, General
Thomas L. Clingman, Dr. Thomas W. Harris, and Mr. Rich-
ard H. Smith. General Clingman was the first speaker — his
talk full of reminiscences. He told of how proud he was of
406 History of University of North Carolina.
"gallanting" one of the five single ladies in Chapel Hill to Ger-
rard Hall ; how he and Thomas Ashe, afterwards Judge,
marched on either side of Judge William Gaston when he made
his great address; how, while he sat on the rostrum, he was
struck with the face of the most beautiful lady he ever beheld,
and though he never saw her after that night she enthused him
into writing a short poem in her honor, which he ventured to
quote :
On others I can coldly gaze,
And scan each feature, fair or dark;
But thine seems one unclouded blaze,
That mocks my skill and power to mark.
Thy tresses, midnight, well I ween,
To others faintly may be taught;
By rainbow's tint and ivory's sheen,
Thy color changeful as the thought.
Thine eye had been as "black as death,"
But that it casts a stream of light,
To speed the gazer's failing breath
And brighten up his changeless sight.
It must be admitted that the first honor boy acted wisely in
going into law and politics instead of poetry. The General
stated that he -was always of a religious temperament. "When
a very small boy and I was throwing at birds, I would kneel by
a tree and pray that I might kill one." He did not join the
church until late in life, and then in consequence of a conversa-
tion with a handsomely dressed young lady at an evening party
in New York.
The General then spoke of the marvelous advance of dis-
coveries and invention since he was at the University, which, if
told to Dr. Caldwell would have elicited the answer, "Young
man ! No one will ever beat you in the expression of absurd
ideas." He then went "into praise of the varied resources of
North Carolina, its crops, its timber, its minerals. He
himself had been the means of introducing her corundum to
the world. His name and Buncombe are marked on a speci-
men in the British Museum. He also made known the im-
portant mica mines, and those of zircon, once very scarce. He
Charter Centennial of 1889. 407
closed by predicting that when men learn the merits of his
"tobacco cure," five-tenths of bodily suffering would disappear.
The next speaker in the same class was Dr. Thomas W.
Harris. His address was eloquent and appropriate. He paid
a tribute to Dr. Caldwell, his old President, and declared that
North Carolina should build for him a monument as high as
an inaccessible mountain — yea, as that peak where sleeps his
bosom friend and indefatigable co-laborer, the heroic Dr.
Mitchell. He stated that he and "Dick" (Richard H.) Smith,
both of Halifax, were at school together eight and a half years,
and gave their hearts to God the same night, in a little prayer
meeting in the house of Dr. Caldwell. He expressed the hope
that "all the class, without an absentee, will stand together in
a grand reunion above, reckoned among the number of glori-
fied immortals."
Mr. Richard H. Smith, likewise of 1831, then spoke a few
words. He said that there were four alive out of twenty-three
graduates, those present and Colonel Cadwallader Jones, once
of Hillsboro, now of South Carolina. Not one had disgraced
his State or Alma Mater.
There was no response from the classes of 1833, 1834, and
1835. Dr. Thomas L. Stamps answered for that of 1836. "It
was a small class in numbers. Some have distinguished them-
selves in the legal profession. Others have watched the bedside
of the sick and suffering, while others have sought the quiet
lives of farmers. All have been good and patriotic citizens."
No one answered for the classes of 1837, 1838, 1839. Colonel
William Johnston responded for that of 1840. Judge Wm. M.
Shipp was present, but declined to speak.
Colonel Johnston said that his class from time to time num-
bered forty, of whom thirty-two graduated. Of these some six
or eight were from twenty-five to forty years of age. The
members were distinguished for morality, industry, and high
scholarship, honorary distinction being assigned to more than
one-third of the graduates. Among them were General Isham
Garrott, the two Shipps. Rev. Dr. Albert M. and Judge W. M.
Shipp, and two very able men who died before reaching middle
age, Thomas H. Spruill and John A. Lillington. "Besides
408 History of University of North Carolina.
these were William Henderson, of Tennessee ; Governor Tocl
R. Caldwell, Superintendent of Schools Calvin H. Wiley,
Francis H. Hawks, John W. Cameron, Judge David A. Barnes,
Rev. Walter W. Pharr, William Thompson, now of Missis-
sippi, State Senator John W. Cunningham, and others whom I
can not now name, who rilled with distinction the varied pur-
suits of life. All are gone except five or six."
The Class of 1841 was represented by Stephen Graham, who
declined to speak. That of 1842 by General Rufus Barringer
and Dr. W. W. Harriss. General Barringer spoke for both.
He was surprised to see only one of that large and famous
Class of 1841 present. "It was the 'big wild class' of our day,
led by Frank Blair and John Eastin. We marched the 'wild
Sophs' with 'Trip' (Win, H. ) Garland and John Manly. Our
class matriculated thirty-four and graduated thirty. Dr.
Harriss, now present, was the smallest and I was unques-
tionably the ugliest. Between the regular hazing of the day
and the special tricks of the 'wild Sophs' we had a tough time.
Harriss was nicknamed 'big' and I 'Motz' because Bill Shipp
said I walked like old lame John Motz, of Lincoln. Neither
of us was a regular 'mite' (Honor) man, but have won some
success since, by honest hard work. Oddly enough my main
success was in marrying three handsome women.
"There was a movement for the organization of secret fra-
ternities. By a little incident, the placarding of some doggerel
verses, I became to some extent the head of the opposition of
the new movement. The verses are weak enough.
The Fresh, who took down the former card,
For good manners had better have regard;
The chap who would do so mean a trick,
From her roost would pull a hen as quick.
Hark! ye fellows! mind what you're about,
And to another market hand your crout.
"I found out afterwards that there was far less harm than I
supposed in the 'fraternities.' I kept no regular diary, but
noted down important events and this record no money can
buy. It is a picture and a prophecy of the Class of 1842."
The General did not state it but it is a fact that the opposition
Charter Centennial of 1889. 409
to fraternities succeeded then in both societies, the law against
them being enforced by heavy penalties. The prohibition ac-
complished its purpose as long as the members of the Uni-
versity continued few, but when the societies became so
crowded that it was necessary to allow the entire Junior and
Senior classes to absent themselves from the meetings, natur-
ally students sought other affiliations.
The Class of 1843 was represented by Hon. R. P. Dick, Mr.
R. H. Jones, and Dr. John L. Williamson. Judge Dick said
that the Class of 1843 was an average one for good conduct,
scholarship, and ability, but there was not a genius in it. The
members were genial, kind hearted and true gentlemen. Some
failed to avail themselves of their advantages and a few were
led into irregular habits that destroyed their usefulness. It
should be added that Judge Dick is the only old alumnus who
has left a useful reminder of himself in the forest of the Uni-
versity. He beautifully walled up a spring in the woods south
of the Campus, which is as neat as when he piled the rocks
around the gushing water — now with the added beauty of vines
and flowers. A path has been cut to it, often traversed by
those fond of lovely woodland scenery. He said that he walled
it up so as to have a place for study in pleasant weather. He
"built better than he knew." He conferred a lasting gift to
the University. Would that others would wall up other
springs, span our brooks with rustic bridges, run footpaths
through unfrequented thickets, and even create a lake for boat-
ing and swimming.
The Class of 1844 was weU represented by Honorable
(usually known as Colonel) Walter L. Steele and Messrs.
James H. Horner and Adolphus G. Jones. Colonel Steele spoke :
On the sixth of June, 1844, forty-three young men began
the voyage of life. Only ten have their heads above the
waters, "rari nantes in gurgite vasto." On this class has fallen
an honor never before held and which can not be held again
until a century has passed — President of the Centennial Cele-
bration. I invoke not only this assembly, but all the people of
the State, as one of the great factors in the moral and intel-
lectual development of this age and the ages to come, to sup-
port this University.
410 History of University of North Carolina.
The Class of 1845 was represented by Hon. Joseph B.
Batchelor and Dr. L. C. Taylor. Mr. Batchelor was to re-
spond to a toast at the banquet and Dr. Taylor declined to
speak.
The Class of 1846 was represented by Col. Win. A. Faison
and Dr. Wm. B. Meares. They declined to speak.
Here the call of the classes was suspended in order to give
opportunity for the celebration of the Class of 1879, the first
to graduate after the reopening in 1875. Of the graduates of
1879 the following were present and seated on the stage: Dr.
Kemp P. Battle, Jr., Dr. Richard B. Henderson, Mr. James S.
Manning, Dr. John M. Manning, Mr. Wm. J. Peele, Rev. Rob-
ert Strange (since Bishop), Messrs. Francis D. Winston, Rob-
ert W. Winston, and Dr. Isaac M. Taylor. Mr. Frank Winston
presented to President Battle, for the Library, a handsome
pamphlet containing the class history.
The President of the class, Mr. W. J. Peele, then an-
nounced that the class had procured a beautiful silver cup to
be presented to the first born boy of a member of the class.
He then in a humorous and happy manner delivered it to Rob-
ert W. Winston for his son, James Horner Winston. He en-
joined the son, through his father, "to be in love with some
great truth, tenderly to woo it, bravely to marry it, and then
faithfully to guard it as long as life shall last."
Mr. Winston answered eloquently. Among other things he
said the controlling and underlying characteristic of his
class is self-reliance within the law. "All honor to the self-
reliant man, for, says Emerson, all history resolves itself very
easily into the biographies of a few stout and earnest persons."
He then led his four-year-old boy to the front, who said in a
modest and pleasing manner :
If ever I have an eldest son,
And he's a little boy like me,
And doesn't know a single thing —
Not even A, B, C, —
I hope he'll not get a silver cup,
For then, perhaps, I'd pull him up
Before this crowd to blush and bow,
And make a speech when he doesn't know how.
Charter Centennial of 1889. 411
This speech was greeted with uproarious applause. In the
course of time the boy graduated with highest distinction at
this University, won by competitive examination a Rhodes
Scholarship in Oxford University, England, and is now a ris-
ing lawyer in Chicago.
The Class of 1868 then held its twenty-first anniversary. It
was the last class to graduate under the presidency of Presi-
dent Swain. The following members were present: Col. Wm.
H. S. Burgwyn, Hon. Augustus W. Graham, Hon. Isaac R.
Strayhorn, Charles E. Watson, Esq., and Dr. George Gillett
Thomas. Colonel Burgwyn made the class address. Among
other striking statements he praised the Patriots of 1776 for
providing for a University. When the students assembled in
July, 1865, the rattle of the drum striking the reveille, the note
of the bugle sounding the tattoo is heard instead of the old
college bell, which, it was President Swain's boast, had never
ceased its functions all during the four years of the Civil War,
to toll the hours for prayers and recitations. Some of the stu-
dents present, though but boys in years, were veterans in the
art of all arts, having met the gleaming bayonets of their coun-
try's foes on many a crimson-stained field ; but now with firm
resolve nerved themselves to make up for lost time and oppor-
tunities denied.
Of the Faculty there were Swain, the elder and younger
Phillips, Kerr, Hubbard, Fetter, Hepburn, Martin, Smith,
most of them dead. Dr. James Phillips fell at the foot of the
stand from which for so many years his prayers had ascended
to Heaven. President Swain met with an untimely accident
and peacefully expired one lovely August morning in 1868.
After years of service in the cause of his Master, Dr. Hubbard
was found on his knees in prayer, dead, and soon Professor
Fetter followed him, and his sons brought his body to lie by the
side of his wife in the village graveyard. Then Dr. Charles
Phillips, a few weeks ago, died in our neighboring State on the
south, and he, too, rests near his father and mother and his
own children.
Here I beg leave to put on record, in behalf of my class,
412 History of University of North Carolina.
our deep sense of the inestimable value of the services ren-
dered us by these able, conscientious and self-denying men.
They were not only our guides, our philosophers, but they were
our friends as well. The influence for good that the old
Faculty exercised upon the youth of North Carolina and of
the South generally, can only be surmised. It has been felt in
the forum, on the hustings, in the pulpit, in the professions, in
the arts and sciences, in the halls of Congress, in the Presiden-
tial chair of the United States.
The speaker recalled with peculiar pleasure the final ball of
his college course.
There was a sound of revelry that night:
And Carolina had gathered there
Her beauty and her chivalry: and bright
The lamps shone over fair women and brave men:
A thousand hearts beat happily; and when
Music arose with its voluptuous swell,
Soft eyes looked love, to eyes which spoke again,
And all went merry as a marriage bell.
On went the dance, joy was unconfined, and not till the
beams of the morning sun, glancing through the windows,
dimmed the light of the lamps, did that festive scene come to
an end, and for twenty-one years we do not, as a class, meet
again.
The speaker said that he did not know one of his class to
be a failure. Thirteen became lawyers, five physicians, two
teachers, two manufacturers, one an editor, one a banker, one
a poet, and one a merchant. Five have represented their
counties in the State Legislature. One is in the legal depart-
ment of the United States, another is State Solicitor. Five
of our comrades sleep their last sleep : Julius S. Barlow,
Edwin W. Fuller, James W. Harper, Herbert H. Mallett,
and Eugene L. Morehead. Of these the last was with
us twelve months ago. That a man, so well equipped by
gifts of mind, high character and well trained intellect to serve
his State and country, should be taken in his prime, and others
left who can claim no such excellence, is indeed mysterious.
Charter Centennial of 1889. 413
If twenty centuries ago a Roman audience could receive
with a burst of applause the noble sentiment of the heathen
poet,
"Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto,"
how much more should we, in this nineteenth century of Chris-
tian civilization cherish, revere and strive to perpetuate the
noble institutions of our country.
The Centennial banquet was sandwiched between the call-
ing of the Class of 1846 and that of 1847. It seems preferable
to finish the call of the classes and to give the proceedings of
the banquet afterwards.
Rev. Dr. Thomas E. Skinner, of the Baptist Church, re-
sponded for the Class of 1847, the other members present being
Dr. Robert H. Winborne and Thomas Webb, Esq. To the
lamented General J. Johnston Pettigrew the class is indebted
for the great distinction to which it attained. Pettigrew was an
amazing genius, an expert in everything he undertook. He
had especial reputation as a mathematician, but some of the
rest of us understood no more than Tom Polk, now Dr. Polk,
of Mississippi, who when required to find the centre of the
circle drew an imaginary one, and stepped back with his chalk,
made a mark about the middle, saying, "About there, Sir, I
should say." Pettigrew, however, was first in every depart-
ment. Ransom was a very good scholar but inferior to Petti-
grew in Mathematics. President Swain read out at Commence-
ment. "The first distinction is awarded to Messrs. Pettigrew
and Ransom in the order of their names." I was seven years
at school with Pettigrew ; knew him well and loved his shadow
ever. He was as simple as a child, as pure as a girl, and as
sublime as a hero and a statesman.
The speaker told with glee how he and Joseph Benjamin, a
brother of the celebrated Judah, palmed off on Dr. James Phil-
lips oak leaves prepared as smoking tobacco and next morn-
ing were made to stand at the blackboard fifty-five minutes at
an ante-breakfast recitation in retaliation.
Dr. Skinner concluded with an anecdote about Mr. Webb :
My friend Webb, on the stage near me, was called "Trust"
414 History of University of North Carolina.
or "Trusty," once president of the North Carolina Railroad
Company. We were together at the school of Wm. J. Bing-
ham, an able, sympathetic, yet strict teacher. On one occasion
Trust in his Latin lesson came to Andromache. He inadvert-
ently pronounced it Andrew Mickle, the name of a well known
merchant at Hillsboro, afterwards Bursar of the University.
Although usually strict Mr. Bingham laughed "You rascal, I
can't whip you for that mistake."
I add to Dr. Skinner's testimony about Pettigrew, which I
fully endorse, that of James Fauntleroy Taylor ("the Bard of
Ramkat," he called himself). Pettigrew was a man of won-
derful gifts. If he had not lacked one thing he would have
been one of the heroes of history. He lacked invulnerability.
The great heroes are not killed.
The Class of 1848 had only one member present, Nathaniel
A. Ramsey, who said that of the twenty members of his class
ten were living. Of the dead, Willie Person Mangum was
Consul-General to China and Japan, and died in North China
in February, 1881. Major-General Bryan Grimes, after fight-
ing gallantly in many battles, was foully assassinated in 1880
by a malefactor whom he was bringing to justice. Oliver Pen-
dleton Meares is an able Judge of the Criminal Courts of New
Hanover and Mecklenburg counties. And Victor Clay Bar-
ringer is Judge of Appeals of the Consular Court of Egypt.
The Class of 1849 was represented by Dr. Kemp P. Battle.
William E. Hill, Esq., Dr. Peter E. Hines, and Dr. Bryan
Whitfield. Mr. Hill : I have shown my faith by my works —
have sent four sons to the University. Many of my class
attained eminence. Peter Hale was an editor of marked
ability; T. J. Robinson was a civil engineer of ability; Drs.
Haigh and Hines were eminent physicians. There were three
Whitfields ; two were killed fighting for the liberties of their
country and the other, Dr. Bryan Whitfield, has been a suc-
cessful physician and planter. Our class is the only one which
has produced a President, Dr. Battle, whose great usefulness
to the State is generally conceded. Mr. Hill closed with a
tribute to the able Faculty of his day, and particularly Dr.
Mitchell, who sacrificed his useful life on the altar of service.
Charter Centennial of 1889. 415
President Battle added a few words to those of Mr. Hill.
He and ''General" Hill had a race in helping the newly started
University. Each had four sons, and when in 1876 one sent a
boy to become a matriculate, the other did the same, and so
afterwards with the second, third, and fourth sons.
The Class of 1849 furnished a benefactor to his Alma Mater,
John Calvin McNair, who died while pursuing his theological
studies in Edinburgh. Before sailing he bequeathed, after his
mother's death, a valuable estate for the establishment of a
lectureship on the Harmony of Science and Religion. Al-
though mainly swallowed up in the great war gulf, over
$14,000 was ultimately realized.
Another of the class had a pathetic history, Lieutenant-
Colonel Edward Mallett. He passed unscathed through many
battles and, after the Southern cause was nearly lost, was
killed at Bentonsville and buried in his uniform in our village
cemetery, leaving a wife dying of consumption, with four small
children.
Fifty-four joined the class during its four years. Of these
thirty-six obtained their diplomas. Twenty-four were dead,
leaving twenty living in 1889.
The Class of 1850 was represented by Dr. J. F. Cain, Hon.
Joseph J. Davis, J. Warner Lewis, and Hon. John Manning.
Dr. Manning spoke in behalf of the rest. There were twenty-
four graduates, of whom nine were alive. The first honor men
were W. H. Johnston, John Hill, and W. C. Kerr. Hill drew
the Valedictory and Johnson transferred the Latin Salutatory
to Richard Hines, a second "might" (or mite) man. The most
distinguished in after life were Thomas Settle, Benjamin R.
Huske, Wm. H. Johnston, and Washington C. Kerr. (Dr.
Manning was too modest to name himself. None exceeded
him in honorable reputation.)
Settle was State Solicitor, twice Judge of the Supreme Court
of the State, Minister of the Umited States to Peru, president
of the National Republican Convention in 1872, and United
States District Judge for Florida. In 1875 ne was the nominee
of the Republicans of the State for Governor and, in the judg-
ment of many, proved himself equal in oratory to his great
416 History of University of North Carolina.
opponent, Vance. Kerr became eminent as a geologist, and
was long State Geologist. Huske, an able lawyer, fought gal-
lantly in the Civil War, and was mortally wounded at Seven
Pines. Johnston was an able member of the bar and long a
prosperous capitalist. Joseph J. Davis was a law student, was
a Captain in the Civil War and, being imprisoned on John-
son's Island with a large number of Confederates, showed his
pluck by conducting a law school for the prisoners. Later he
became a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State.
The only member of the Class of 185 1 present was Peter E.
Smith. He stated that forty-one matriculates had joined and
thirty-four graduated. Of these ten were living. There was one
Member of Congress, Francis E. Shober. One was a Profes-
sor in the University, Benjamin S. Hedrick, and afterwards an
expert examiner in the Patent Office. One, Samuel A. Holmes,
was a Judge in California. There were two Colonels in the
Confederate service, David M. Carter and Thomas M. Gar-
rett. Garrett is said to have stated as he went into action at
Spottsylvania Court House, that he would come out of the
fight a Brigadier-General or a dead Colonel. He was killed.
The Class of 1852 was represented by Dr. R. L. Beall, Mr.
George A. Brett, Captain John R. Hutchins, and Dr. Richard
H. Lewis, of Kinston. Dr. Beall spoke at some length: We
had forty graduate classmates, of whom twenty are living.
We have one Doctor of Divinity and one Judge, Wm. A.
Moore. Major James W. Wilson is an able civil engineer.
He engineered the Western North Carolina Railroad across the
Blue Ridge and was selected by the Canadian Government to
judge the correctness of her great Pacific Railway. We have
three distinguished educators, Jere. J. Slade, Rev. Dr. Frost,
of Pennsylvania, and Dr. R. H. Lewis, of Kinston. What
class can show a Member of Congress before the war, a
Colonel in the Civil War, three times Governor, and United
States Senator all in one, as we can — Zebulon B. Vance? We
have distinguished tillers of the soil. From them we get the
youths, their muscles hardened and lungs expanded, the raw
material for intellectual men.
The Class of 1853 was represented by Baldy A. Capehart,
Charter Centennial of 1889. 417
Prof. Alexander Mclver, Colonel John L. Morehead, Hon.
Henry R. Shorter, Colonel John D. Taylor, and David G.
Worth, Esq. The spokesman was Colonel Shorter, who re-
sided in Alabama, and whose eloquent words of love for his
Alma Mater thrilled his hearers. He surprised them by call-
ing- from memory the roll of his class as it was called in Chapel
thirty-six years before.
The speaker for the Class of 1853 told of the introduction of
Peirce's Mathematics. Our class, with that ahead of us,
while Sophomores and Juniors, aided in the expulsion of this
Higher Mathematics from the University. Finding out that
Peirce's Analytics and Calculus, bound in one volume, was out
of print, some choice spirits collected all the volumes and pro-
ceeded with joyful alacrity to make a bonfire of the crabbed and
odious books, while their victims, now emancipated, danced in
joyful hilarity around the blazing mass. When good Dr. James
Phillips ("Old Bull") next morning called up members of the
class for recitation the answer was, "Professor, I could not find
a book. Some one stole mine." No one could be punished, as
the doers of the deed were unknown. Loomis' treatise, more
agreeable and better adapted to immature minds, was substi-
tuted for Peirce.
The Class of 1854 had a large attendance : Hon. Richard H.
Battle, Mr. David S. Cowan, Captain E. Hayne Davis, Colonel
John M. Galloway, Captain Richard B. Henderson, Hon. Rob-
ert B. Johnston, Captain Oscar R. Rand, Colonel Wm. L.
Saunders, John D. Shaw, Esq., Captain Wm. H. Thompson,
and Rev. Dr. Wm. R. Wetmore. Mr. R. H. Battle was the
spokesman : The class numbered eighty-eight matriculates
during the four years. Over sixty graduated. Of these sixty but
twenty-six are living. It was the largest class up to that time
and for two or three years thereafter. It was probably the
youngest, as eight or ten were only eighteen years old at grad-
uation, only two as much as twenty-five, and the average not
over twenty. It was very patriotic, as nearly all volunteered
at the call to arms. We furnished six or more field officers
and surgeons ; about twenty Captains and nearly as many Lieu-
tenants, others serving as noncommissioned officers and pri-
27
418 History of University of North Carolina.
vates. About fifty per cent filled heroes' graves ; at least four
of the bravest were killed in the battles before Richmond. Two
of our gallant Captains, Johnston and Davis, stand before you
with empty sleeves. To show that we are still mindful of our
duty to the State is proved by the fact that one of us now
present has twelve living children, while another, who would
have come but for sickness, has eleven. Mr. Battle closed by
advocating what had been suggested to him by an alumnus,
that the General Assembly be petitioned to allow the Alumni
Association to elect a portion of the Trustees.
The Class of 1855 had present N. A. Boyden, Esq., Matthew
S. Davis, Esq., Dr. YVm. J. Love, and Rev. S. Paxson Watters.
Mr. Watters said that there were fifty graduates, perhaps one-
half still alive. They furnished a noble complement of patriots
to the Southern cause, one attaining the rank of Brigadier-Gen-
eral, W. Gaston Lewis. One, A. B. Irion, of Louisiana, has
been a Judge and a Member of Congress; one, Wm. J. Mont-
gomery, a Judge of the Superior Court; one. W. H. Hall, a
distinguished physician in Xew York. The class has the excep-
tional distinction of contributing six of its members to the
ministry of the Gospel.
Of the Class of 1856 were present Messrs. W. F. Alderman,
Wm. H. Burwell. A. Haywood Merritt. Major Clement Dowd,
and Col. Benjamin R. Moore. Mr. Merritt spoke for the class:
There were fifty-six graduates. The class contained no genius
but they stood high, as a rule, in scholarship, moral tone and
deportment. At the bar, in the pulpit, at the teacher's desk, in
the halls of the Legislature, in the editorial chair, upon the
tented field, its members have borne themselves bravely and
without exception honorably. More than seventy per cent
have gone above, leaving records of true manhood. In the
school rooms from Maine to California will be found the rich
legacy William Bingham has left in his classical series. Dr.
Joseph B. Killebrew, among the living, is unexcelled in de-
veloping the resources of Tennessee. Of those present, one,
Alderman, is professor in an excellent college for young
ladies; another. Dowd, is bald on account of the honors heaped
on him in the National Congress ; another, Moore, touched
Charter Cextexxial of 1889. 419
lightly by time, represents the legal profession; another, Bur-
well, is prominent as a farmer and has won the honor of
maxima cum laude by having thirteen children. Of the other
member (the speaker) it may be said that he has shown more
wisdom than Solomon in that he never married but one wife,
and he declares that he would be the better if the woman whose
husband he is were spared to celebrate the next centennial.
The Class of 1857 was represented by Hon. A. C. Avery.
Col. Robert Bingham, Dr. Daniel McL. Graham, Major John
W. Graham, Col. Thomas S. Kenan, Dr. John W. Lawing, and
YVm. H. Williams, Esq. Colonel Kenan presented the class in
a few ex tempore remarks.
The Class of 1858 had present Hon. Lewis Hilliard. Col.
John A. Gilmer, Rev. R. H. Marsh, Hon. Thomas W. Mason,
Col. A. C. McAlister, Dr. J. F. Miller, Col. James T. More-
head, Mr. Walter Bonner, F. M. Johnson, Esq., and James
A. Walker, M.D. Mr. Mason was spokesman :
On June 3, 1858, we went forth, ninety-two in number, one
to Arkansas, six to Alabama, two to Florida, two to Georgia,
two to Louisiana, six to Mississippi, one to South Carolina,
seven to Tennessee, three to Virginia, and sixty-two to Xorth
Carolina. Probably half have died, many in the military serv-
ice of the Confederacy. We see the names of these on yonder
tablets- — William Adams, Robert W. Anderson, Jesse S.
Barnes, Edward S. Bell, Hugh T. Brown, Thomas Cowan,
Robert T. Harriss, Addison Harvey, W ni. C. Lord, John M.
Perry, David S. Young. Of these I must mention particu-
larly Robert Walker Anderson, who had eminently great qual-
ities of mind and heart. To the Southern Army we gave one
General, R. D. Johnston, a dashing commander. I met him
once in the midst of a fierce conflict, when he seized me by the
hand, exclaiming, "Old friend ! how glorious it is !" Six of our
members commanded regiments in the Confederate service.
Three are with us today. Colonels John A. Gilmer, James T.
Morehead, and Alexander C. McAlister. The bullet that
caused Colonel Gilmer to limp did not stop the beating of his
noble heart. Two of the number were Colonels Hamilton C.
Jones and Richard W. Singleton. The sixth, a first honor man.
420 History of University of North -Carolina.
sleeps in an honored grave. Colonel Leroy M. McAfee. There
were more than forty of the class having a lesser rank. David
S. Goodloe lost an arm in the service and after that became an
Episcopal minister. Not a few died soon after graduation.
Wm. Carey Dowd lingered but a few months after speaking
the Valedictory. Nathaniel P. Lusher died in 1859. Ambrose
Davie (we called him "Little Dutch") perished with his beau-
tiful bride by the burning of the steamer Charmer on the Mis-
sissippi in 1 861. At somewhat later dates passed away nine
others. Three of our number became Judges, Lewis Hilliard,
Gilmer, and Fred Philips. Two of our number are unmarried
and I propose at our next reunion that we give a gold cup to
him who shows the largest matrimonial progress.
The Class of 1859 was represented by Hon. Mills L. Eure,
Rev. S. H. Isler, Col. E. B. Withers, and Messrs. John M.
Fleming, Daniel P. McEachern, Marshall H. Pinnix, and
James P. Taylor. Judge Eure said:
This was one of the largest classes ever graduated from the
University prior to 1859. Nearly all entered the army. More
than twenty per cent lost their lives by wounds or by disease
consequent on the war. An incident in our college life should
be mentioned. Some reckless students burned the benches
taken from the recitation room. Possibly by accident the belfry
was also burnt.* Through the efforts of our class in the lit-
erary societies measures were adopted to punish the destruction
of University property and the act was not repeated. There
may be some objection to the Lmiversity in some sections aris-
ing from rivalrv or slight prejudice. These must be met by
her friends, and- especially by the alumni, with moderation and
sound reason. The record of her alumni for the past century,
their grand deeds in shaping the destiny of the State, their
efforts in promoting our entire educational system, must be
presented to our people. We have an abiding faith that the
intelligence and patriotism of our citizens will lead them to
realize the necessity for a great University in North Carolina.
The Class of i860 was represented by Capt. W. T. Allen,
* The belfry was burnt, not from fire from the benches, but from the throwing of fire-
balls in sport.
Charter Centennial of 1889. 421
A. S. Barbee, Esq., Capt. W. H. Borden, Col. E. J. Hardin, and
Capt. R. P. Howell. Captain Allen was spokesman :
The members of this class all went forward to defend their
country. It probably furnished more soldiers and lost more
lives than any other. While it can not claim as many who have
risen high in legal, scientific, and political eminence, we can
refer with pride to such men as E. J. Hale, who sends greet-
ing by telegram from Manchester, England, where he is our
Consul. The speaker gave the case of Junius C. Battle as
typical of the tragic losses of the class. A brother of President
Battle, a first honor man, only twenty years of age, his young
life cut off by a minie ball at South Mountain. There are many
others who would have honored society and made the world
better by their lives.
The Class of 1861 had present Capt. Calvin Barnes, Capt.
George Bullock, Capt. John D. Currie, Hon. Thomas D.
Johnston, Col. James G. Kenan, Col. J. Turner Morehead.
Messrs. E. G. Brodie, James Parker, and Joshua G. Wright.
Hon. Thomas D. Johnston was spokesman:
The history of this class is written in the blood of its mem-
bers. It is the war class of the University. Almost before the
ink was dry on their diplomas the eighty-seven graduates were
enrolled as volunteer soldiers of the Confederacy, many of
them without visiting their homes. On almost every battle-
field, in the East and in the West, the Class of 1861 was repre-
sented. On the tablets in this Memorial Hall the names of
more than one-third of the members of the Class of 1861 are
enrolled. I must particularlv mention Col. John Thomas
Jones, of whom his commander said "he was worth his weight
in gold." You have before you a striking proof of the heroism
of the Class of 1861. The eleven men now present represent-
ing the class bear upon their bodies the marks of twenty-five
honorable wounds.
The following of the Class of 1862 were present: Marsden
Bellamy, Esq., Col. Joseph A. Haywood, Hon. Thomas G.
Skinner, and H. C. Wall, Esq. Mr. Skinner presented the
class in a few words.
The Class of 1863 was represented by Rev. Dr. John L. Car-
422 History of University of North Carolina.
roll, Hon. W. N. Mebane, and W. M. Watkins, Esq. Dr. Car-
roll spoke for the rest :
The class started in 1859 with one hundred and thirty
Freshmen, dwindled to eight during the Senior, and in imagi-
nation I can hear dear old Mr. Fetter call the roll — "Argo,
Broyles, Carr, Carroll, Hines, Marshall, Quarles, Watkins."
Six survive. Hines sickened and died not long after the close
of the war. Quarles, impersonation of a gentleman, was
stricken down by a bully on the streets of Waco. Of the rest
Argo is a popular lawyer, Broyles is somewhere in Texas,
Carr a successful farmer and merchant, Marshall the popular
rector of Christ Church, Raleigh ; Watkins a prosperous to-
bacconist ; Mebane is a lawyer of large practice, destined to be
a State Senator and Judge. We pray for our brothers and
our Seniors a green and happy old age and abundant entrance
into the Better Land. A sacred trust is passing into the keep-
ing of our Juniors, one fraught with great honor to themselves,
and with incalculable good to North Carolina, and to the world
at large — the guardianship of the University. Let them guard
it with undying devotion. Dr. Carroll, a Baptist preacher,
died while pastor of the church at Chapel Hill.
The Class of 1864 was represented by A. M. Boozer, Esq.,
Hon. Walter Clark, Wm. A. Guthrie, Esq., W. R. Kenan, Esq.,
and Captain Octavius Wiggins. Mr. Guthrie briefly presented
the class.
The Class of 1865 was represented by Henry A. London,
Esq., who said among other things that his class entered the
Lmiversity just after the Confederate victory known as First
Manassas, about fifty in number. One by one they entered the
army and when the war ended only one was found who had
taken the four years course. The number of all matriculates
in the Lmiversity for i863-'64 was only seventy-nine. Presi-
dent Swain persuaded President Davis to exempt from con-
scription the two highest classes, on the ground that "the seed
corn must not be ground up," but this privilege was withdrawn
in 1864. The University was kept open during the entire war
and when Sherman's soldiers "captured" Chapel Hill in April,
1865, ten or twelve students were pursuing their studies.
Charter Centennial of 1889. 423
After the war ended President Swain notified the Seniors
that if they would deliver orations at the coming Commence-
ment, they should have their diplomas. Only four accepted
the proposal, the speakers journeying to Chapel Hill on foot.
The audience consisted chiefly of Federal soldiers. These
four are widely scattered, one, John R. D. Shepard, in Paris;
Rev. Wm. C. Prout, in Montana ; Rev. E. G. Prout, in New
York; the fourth, H. A. London, in North Carolina. Two are
ministers of the Gospel, William C. and Edmund G. Prout,
so that it appears that one-half the class have entered the
sacred ministry. Mr. London stated that he kept a diary in
the old days. The last recorded sentence, as he left for the
war, was "Hurrah for Chapel Hill." With sincere pleasure
after twenty-five years he reiterated the utterance — Hurrah for
Chapel Hill !
Centennial Alumni Banquet.
On Wednesday, June 5, 1889, a large body of the alumni,
together with many Trustees and the Faculty and invited
guests, assembled in Gerrard Hall at 2 o'clock p. m. to partake
of an elaborate banquet in honor of the centennial anniver-
sary of the incorporation of the University. There were
present also the following representatives of other colleges
and universities :
Prof. Crawford H. Toy, LL.D., of Harvard University;
Hon. W. N. H. Smith, LL.D., of Yale University ; Col. Charles
S. Yenable, LL.D., of the University of Yirginia; President
Henry E. Shepherd, LL.D., of Charleston College ; Hon. J. L.
M. Curry, LL.D., of Richmond College ; Rev. J. B. Cheshire,
Jr., of the University of the South ; President Charles E. Tay-
lor, D.D., of Wake Forest College; Prof. W. G. Brown. M.S.,
of Washington and Lee University ; Prof. W. B. Burney,
Ph.D., of the L niversity of South Carolina ; Prof. F. C. Wood-
ward, A.M., of the L niversity of South Carolina ; Prof. A. W.
Long, A.M., of Wofford College ; Prof. George T. Winston,
A.M., for Cornell University. Many other colleges and uni-
versities sent congratulatory messages by mail or wire, and
the representation of several were detained by the floods,
424 History of University of North Carolina.
among them being Hon. D. C. Gilman, LL.D., President of the
Johns Hopkins University.
Gerrard Hall had been cleared of its customary benches and
oti the lower floor tables were now spread for three hundred
guests, while the galleries were filled with ladies and gentle-
men, visitors at Commencement, representing all sections of
North Carolina and other States.
The alumni and guests being seated, at the request of the
Hon. Walter L. Steele, President of the Alumni Association,
the Rt. Rev. Theodore B. Lyman, Bishop of North Carolina,
invoked the blessing of Almighty God. After an hour spent
in enjoyment of the delicacies of the table, in social reunion,
and in college reminiscence, the President of the Association
arose and said : It is said that on a banquet occasion some
years ago, Daniel Webster, knowing the peculiarities of his
hearers, began his address in these words : "Ye solid men of
Boston, make no long orations ! Ye solid men of Boston,
take no strong potations !" I do not doubt that the advice was
most excellent then, and surely it is now excellent at this cen-
tennial gathering. I therefore most respectfully but earnestly
suggest to the alumni that no one should indulge in a "long
oration." Of course there is no necessity of a warning of any
other character. He then read the first toast. We give only
enough of the speeches to show the lines of thought.
■ The State Congress of 1776 and the General Assembly of
1789. Response by Governor Daniel G. Fowle, LL.D., Presi-
dent ex officio of the Board of Trustees. The clause of the
Constitution on which the University is founded was adopted
at the darkest hour of the Revolution, thus showing the fore-
sight and patriotism of our ancestors. In 1789 the mandate
of the Constitution began to be carried into effect. The wisdom
of our fathers has been illustrated by the long line of dis-
tinguished and useful men who have gone out from these
walls.
The second toast was then announced, The Founders and
Donors of the University. Response by President Kemp P.
Battle, LL.D. He mentioned first the General Assemblies of
1789 and subsequently, who gave arrearages of collecting offi-
Charter Centennial of 1889. 425
cers, escheats, including land warrants, to be located in Ten-
nessee, and a loan of $10,000, afterwards converted into a
gift; second, officers of the Revolution, who were benefactors
of the University, Smith, Gerrard, and Person; third, the
donors of the site of the University, McCauley, Barbee, Mor-
gan, Yeargin, Jones, Craig, Hogan ; fourth, the ladies of Ra-
leigh, New Bern, and Louisburg, who gave scientific instru-
ments ; fifth, Rev. John Calvin McNair, who bequeathed land
and property, which ultimately sold for over $14,600, to found
an annual course of lectures ; sixth, Rev. Dr. C. F. Deems,
aided by W. H. Yanderbilt, who founded a beneficent fund
for loan to needy students ; seventh, Mr. B. F. Moore, who
gave $5,000 for scholarships ; eighth, the givers of numerous
small amounts on subscription lists to open the doors in 1795
and 1875, and to construct the Main Building in 1812. Lastly
the "four Maries," Mary Ann Smith, Mary Ruffin Smith,
Mary Elizabeth (Morgan) Mason, and Alary Shepherd
(Bryan) Speight, who all left to the University handsome
legacies. The most durable and widely known monuments
are donations to universities. The successive swarms of young
men benefited by them will keep their memories in perennial
freshness.
The third toast was The General Assemblies of 1875, 1881,
and 1885. The response was by Hon. Wm, X. Mebane. The
traveler of i87o-'75 might have seen the corpse of our Alma
Mater laid out in state. But the bell of the Old South rang
out the news that the General Assembly of 1875 had agreed to
pay the interest on the Land Grant and the doors of the Uni-
versity were reopened. In 1881 $5,000 more was added, and
in 1885 an addition of $15,000 per annum. The alumni of the
University only did their duty, but especial praise is due cer-
tain men, not educated here: Sidney M. Finger, at the head of
the Department of Education ; James C. MacRae, the eloquent,
the brave ; Nereus Mendenhall, a Friend by religion and always
a friend of education, and Henderson A. Gudger, likewise an
advocate of education, whether in the University or the pub-
lic schools. It was expected that Hon. Geo. Y. Strong also
would respond to this toast, but he was detained bv sickness.
426 History of University of North Carolina.
The President then read the fourth toast: The Site of the
University. Mr. W. J. Peele responded. The Legislature
decreed that the University should not be within five miles of
the capital or any county seat and the Trustees enacted that
it should be within fifteen miles from Cyprett's (Prince's)
bridge in Chatham County. The Commissioners were Freder-
ick Hargett, James Hogg, Alexander Mebane, and Wm. H.
Hill. They received donations of over one thousand acres of
land. Tradition hath it that Wm. R. Davie joined them and
their solid and liquid dinner was eaten and imbibed under the
Old Poplar. Such was their contentment with the viands that
they declared, "Here must the University be." The selection
was a noble one. Looking from the belfry of the South
Building, the successive vistas stretch before you, until it seems
as if the lost eras of a past eternity had returned to earth again
and old ocean had resumed her ancient sway over the homes
of men.
The fifth toast was announced : President Joseph Caldivell
and the Faculty and Trustees of His Administration. Hon.
Paul C. Cameron, LL.D., responded. Mr. Cameron in an elo-
quent speech gave at length the leading points of the lives and
characters of President Caldwell and of Dr. Elisha Mitchell,
Prof. Denison Olmstead, who became an eminent professor in
Yale L niversity ; Ethan A. Andrews, who became principal of
a noted female school in Massachusetts and author in part of a
popular Latin Grammar ; Dr. James Phillips, who died sud-
denly in this Hall, when about to offer up prayers for the stu-
dents; Rev. Joseph H. Saunders, who died a martyr to duty in
caring for those sick with yellow fever at Pensacola. Cald-
well's Trustees, beginning with Governor Samuel Johnston,
Judge James Iredell, General Wm. R. Davie, General Joseph
Graham, and Colonel Wm. Polk, the last surviving field officer
of the State line of the Revolution, "were brilliant, strong lead-
ers in peace and war, crowned with the favor and confidence
of the people and approved by heaven."
It was expected that Judge James Grant likewise would re-
spond to this toast, but he was detained by floods.
The sixth toast was: President David L. Swain and the
Charter Centennial of 1889. 427
Faculty and Trustees of His Administration. Responses were
made by Hon. R. P. Dick, LL.D., and Thomas W. Mason,
Esq. Judge Dick said that the greatest period of North
Carolina's moral and intellectual greatness was from 1840 to
i860. The teachers of that period were grand Christian sages
and philosophers. President Swain was a truly great man,
highly intellectual, learned, faithful to duty and noble-hearted,
and an eloquent lecturer. The last time I met him was in
Washington, whither, notwithstanding the inconveniences and
dangers of travel, he had gone to plead for generosity and jus-
tice to his afflicted fellow citizens. In feeling language the
speaker depicted the labors and virtues of Dr. Mitchell, Dr.
Phillips, Professor Fetter, Professor DeBerniere Hooper, Pro-
fessor Green, Professor Deems, and the two Tutors, W. H.
Owen and Ralph. H. Graves. As long as this University
shall stand President Swain will have a worthy monument, and
as century after century shall move by in the majestic march
of ages, may it be reared higher amidst the effulgent light of
advancing knowledge and eternal truth.
Mr. Mason responded to the same toast. Few of the old
husbandmen will be with us again. On the tenth of last
month Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips bade us goodbye ; within a
year past Professor Fetter and Dr. Hubbard, and earlier Pro-
fessor DeBerniere Hooper ; earlier still Dr. Wheat and Dr.
James Phillips, and that other great teacher — Elisha Mitchell.
As to President Swain, North Carolina had no child within her
borders nearer to her heart than he. The University was the
very life and soul and genius of North Carolina. The spirit
that had made this reunion possible, cherished as the speaker
knew it was. would yet draw the hearts of the people to this
seat of learning with that love and reverence he bore to David
L. Swain and the Faculty and Trustees of his administration.
To the seventh toast, President Kemp P. Battle and the
Faculty and Trustees of his Administration, Messrs. A. H.
Eller and Robert W. Winborne responded. Mr. Eller said
that as stood Petrarch and his co-laborers to the Renaissance,
so stood these men to the revival of learning in North Caro-
lina. They restored to new beauty the dilapidated edifices of
428 History of University of North Carolina.
the University, adapted the instruction to the wants of the new
civilization, erected a Memorial Hall to our illustrious dead, se-
cured appropriations from the conservatism of Legislatures
and recalled the stream of patronage from other States back
to its ancient home. All honor to Caldwell and Swain. But
to his mind the man who forsook the highest possibilities
known to a learned profession, who with the courage of a
patriot, the fortitude of a martyr, the learning of a master, and
the love of a father, had for fourteen years presided over her
destinies: — that man had builded for himself a monument over-
shadowed only by his own great useful life.
Mr. Winborne said in response to the same toast that the
present honored President and his coadjutors assumed con-
trol of the University when it was a seat of learning only in
name. By their fostering care today, regenerated and re-
deemed, she stood forth once more as the pride of our State,
and arrayed in the panoply of her own merit, was fully equipped
grandly to begin this her second century of usefulness to
humanity and to God.
Col. Thomas S. Kenan made the response to the eighth
toast, The Confederate Dead of the University. In nearly
every department of the Confederate Government there was
a representative of this institution. When he was wounded and
captured at Gettysburg and taken to Johnson's Island in Lake
Erie, he induced a fellow prisoner and classmate. Col. Robert
Bingham, to send to President Swain the names of University
of North Carolina students, prisoners of war at that place.
There were thirty-five, clear evidence of the numbers of our
alumni in the Southern Army generally. In the list of alumni
who lost their lives in the war he found the following classifi-
cation, one Lieutenant-General, four Brigadier-Generals, eleven
Colonels, eight Lieutenant-Colonels, thirteen Majors, seventy-
six Captains, fifty-six Lieutenants, fourteen Sergeants, three
Corporals, sixty-eight privates, two Color Sergeants, one Ser-
geant-Major, one volunteer aide-de-camp, one Surgeon and
one Assistant Surgeon, in all two hundred and sixty. Even this
omits some whose histories could not be ascertained. Among
the names on the list mav be found Lieutenant-General Polk,
Charter Centennial of 1889. 429
Brigadier-General Branch, Generals Pettigrew, Garrott, and
George B. Anderson. The names extend from General Polk
in 1 82 1 to Lieutenant Wm. M. G. Webb, of the Class of 1864.
Eternal honor to the memory of the Confederate dead, whose
deeds as native American soldiers should stimulate every im-
pulse of honor and patriotism.
The ninth toast was, The Alumni Who Have Honored the
State and Nation by Their Services in Public Life, at the Bar,
on the Bench, in the Ministry, or as Physicians. Responses :
In Public Life, Hon. H. C. Jones; At the Bar, Hon. Joseph B.
Batchelor ; On the Bench, Hon. A. C. Avery ; In the Ministry,
Rev. Thos. E. Skinner ; As Physicians, George G. Thomas,
M.D. Hon. H. C. Jones was prevented by illness from attend-
ing the banquet.
Ex-Attorney-General J. B. Batchelor responded to the toast
of the Bar. ^Eneas of old said of the proofs of the wide in-
fluence of Troy,
"Quis jam locus, * * *
Qucc regio in terris nostri non plena laboris?"
So in every field of labor, in every pursuit of life, in every de-
partment of science and learning, in every trade and profes-
sion, and in every clime, the University's children have lived
lives and won honors of which she may well be proud. Every
step in the slow and upward progress of human right is marked
by a lawyer's sacrifice. Pioneers of thought, teachers in the
highest schools of civilization, the progress of the lawgiver
marked the progress of humanity. Exempt from mutability or
decay ages but add new beauty to Law, the vast realms of
creation her empire, her hand-maidens Liberty, Justice, and
Truth, "her voice the harmony of the Universe, her seat the
bosom of God."
Judge Avery spoke on The Alumni on the Bench. It is
not strange that men trained in the old time intellectual disci-
pline of Caldwell and Swain should have been fitted for the ex-
ercise of judicial power. Archibald Debow vlurphey, of the
Class of 1799, was Tutor, Professor, Judge of the Supreme
Court for one term, and on the Superior Court bench. Joseph
J. Daniel, a Judge of the Superior and then of the Supreme
430 History of University of North Carolina.
Court, was one of the clearest headed law writers of his day.
John R. Donnell, a first honor man of 1807, won distinction by
a service of eighteen years on the bench. The polish of John
D. Toomer, the power of Romulus M. Saunders, the scholar-
ship of Edward Hall, and brilliancy of Willie P. Mangum,
show the work of the University from 1810 to 1820. The
learning of Battle, the acumen of Pearson, the accuracy of
Manly were her contributions to our highest court in the next
decade. Judges Mitchell and Augustus Moore left these halls
to preside over our Superior Courts in the same period, while
John Bragg was Judge in Alabama and A. O. P. Nicholson
was Chief Justice of Tennessee. Justices Ashe, Dillard, Rod-
man, and James W. Osborne, of the graduates between 1830
and 1840, honored their Alma Mater in winning distinction for
themselves. The cultured Christian gentleman, R. P. Dick,
once on our Supreme Court bench, now a Federal Judge, and
the late Thomas Ruffin, Jr., of the Supreme Court, a powerful
jurist, were contemporaries. Judges Barnes, Buxton, Meares,
and Shipp are still living, while Ellis, McKoy, Person, and
Jesse G. Shepherd fill honored graves. These all were taught
here between 1840 and 1850. Of the Class of 1850 was the
late Thomas Settle, a Justice of our Supreme Court and then
District Judge of the United States for Florida. The living
sons of this seat of learning who have gone forth since 1850
must wait for mention by an alumnus who shall respond to
the toast of the Bar one hundred years from now.
To the toast The Alumni in the Ministry, Rev. Dr. Thomas
E. Skinner responded in place of Rev. Dr. Joseph C. Huske,
absent. He had time to recall but a few of the alumni in the
ministry. William Hooper, D.D., LL.D., was one of the most
distinguished. He was a Professor in this University and that
of South Carolina and a President of Wake Forest College,
of rare scholarship and pure spirit. He was truly a Baptist
bishop. We notice the fecundity of our dear venerated mother
in supplying the bishops of the country. The names of Polk,
Otey, Cicero Hawks, Davis, and Green, are enrolled upon her
catalogue. Bishop Green, while Professor here, was known as
Comfort Green, because he was so °reat a comfort to the stu-
Charter Centennial of 1889. 431
dents. He became Bishop of Mississippi, and Chancellor of the
University of the South. The speaker well remembered his
kind attention, inviting him to visit his family, placing in his
hands a beautiful prayer book. "Doubtless had it not been
foreordained from all eternity that I should be a Baptist bishop,
why then I might have been an Episcopal bishop. As it is
certainly I am a bishop." The hundreds of alumni who are
before me will never meet on earth again. But we can work
for our mother, and humbly beseech the Divine blessing upon
her, that in the future she may prove even a greater blessing
to humanity than she has been in the past.
To the toast The Alumni as Physicians, Dr. George Gillett
Thomas responded. To call the roll of our illustrious pred-
ecessors and contemporaries whose lives have been spent as
the physician's should be, would consume more than the time
allotted to me. Let me, however, tell of the life and death of
an alumnus of this University. Dr. James Henderson Dickson
was graduated here in 1823, with honor, at the early age of
seventeen. Having a strong mind and studious habits he
rapidly acquired the fundamental truths of medicine. For a
short while he settled in Fayetteville. He here did, for the
first time in the annals of surgery, the operation for the cor-
rection of the club foot deformity. Since that time the same
work has been done all over the civilized world. Dr. Dickson's
mind was never at rest and in reading covered intelligently all
the ground that was open to him. His address before our
Alumni Association in 1853 is a splendid example of his attain-
ments. His conduct in combating yellow fever in 1862 was
heroic. Laying aside all the pursuits of a literary life, with
the whole energy of his great mind and tender heart, he went
into the struggle with death along with his fellow practition-
ers. With the calm dignity of a cultivated Christian gentle-
man, he laid himself down, stricken with the fever, and after
a short sickness yielded up his life to his Maker. The sons of
the University, in every department of medicine, have borne
ample testimony to the grace of learning given them here. In
North Carolina, thanks to wise legislation regulating the prac-
tice of medicine and the watchfulness of the Board of Medical
432 History of University of North Carolina.
Examiners, we stand today without superiors in everything
that goes to make the trustworthy doctor. To none of her
sons do the memories of this gentle mother come with a more
tender thankfulness for the bestowal of her bounties than to
those who are the true physicians.
The tenth toast was, The Alumni Who Have Promoted Edu-
cation in Private and in Public Schools. Responses : In Pri-
vate Schools, Col. Robert Bingham and J. H. Horner, A.M.
Colonel Bingham : An alumnus has sat in the chair of the
Presidency of the United States. Our alumni have been Cab-
inet officers, Senators from many States, Governors of many
States, have occupied the highest judicial positions, have been
the most distinguished lawyers, orators, preachers. And when
war came they w7ere the first to draw the sword and the last
to sheath it. Indeed the University seems to have en-
dued her sons with some peculiar power, and to have
given them some special inspiration which enabled them to
seize and to hold the leadership of political and forensic
thought and actions. But the history of those who have
taught is in most instances short and pathetic. They have
done much for others, but little for themselves. There are
very few whose reputation reached into other States. Among
these modesty forbids me to do more than mention my father
and brother, and justice forbids me to do less, but we have
with us the hero of private schools — brilliant in intellect,
kingly in person, the most effective teacher I have seen, James
H. Horner.
Mr. Horner said that he was embarrassed, not being used to
ex tempore speaking. He was like one of his pupils, who was
ordered by Mr. Graves to come on Saturday and make up a
recitation missed. He failed to do so and when Mr. Graves
asked the reason for the omission raised his hat politely and
said, "That is not in my line of business." He was excluded
from the school, but has since become distinguished as a
scholar and regrets his boyish misconduct. Just so, respond-
ing to toasts is "not in my line of business." I will say, how-
ever, that whatever success I have had is due to the training
under Colonel Bingham's father, Mr. Wm. J. Bingham.
Charter Centennial of 1889. 433
Mr. E. A. Alderman responded to the toast, The Alumni
who have Promoted Education in Public Schools. All honor
has been accorded to Thomas Jefferson for embodying in a
revolutionary document the universal truth, "All men are cre-
ated free and equal," and because he declared that the earliest
and latest concern of his life was the education of the people.
Equal honor should be paid to the sons of this State and this
institution, who taught that the people are made to rule and
not to be ruled. The moving principle in the heart of Archi-
bald Murphey, Joseph Caldwell, and Calvin Wiley was not
philanthropy, but statesmanship — not charity, but the grant-
ing of a right as sacred as the right to be free. Let the schools
perpetuate their names. I pray to God that the younger sons
of this institution may have strength to carry on the work
until every child in North Carolina, rich or poor, lowly born or
gently bred, be enabled to emancipate itself from the great,
black empire of necessity and might, and to make out of itself,
for the State's sake and its own, everything that can be made.
The eleventh toast was: The Alumni Who in Private Life
Have Advanced the Prosperity of the State in Manufactures
and Internal Improvements. Responses: In Manufactures,
Julian S. Carr, Esq. ; In Internal Improvements, J. Turner
Morehead, Esq. Mr. Carr : Horace says, "Dulce et decorum
est pro patria mori;" but I prefer another maxim, "It is sweeter
to live for one's country." Law, Medicine, the Ministry,
Teaching, Literature, and Science, Merchandise, all give scope
to honorable ambition, but I yield my devotion to Manufactur-
ing. The University has contributed many leaders in this most
important pursuit. There is Col. Walter Steele, our Presi-
dent, and there are the Moreheads, the Holts, the Frieses, the
Williamsons, and scores of others. It is just a quarter of a
century since, a beardless youth, I joined the forces of Gen-
eral Lee. Less than two-thirds of that time has been spent at
a point most of you in your college days knew as a railroad
turnout. Now the hum of its machinery is heard around the
world, and cablegrams from Japan, the Straits of Malacca,
and Australia flash constantly to that point. Its representa-
28
434 History of University of North Carolina.
tives, gripsack in hand, visit every civilized and uncivilized
country on the globe.
In response to the toast, The Alumni Who Have Advanced
the Prosperity of the State in Internal Improvements, Mr.
Turner Morehead said in part : Washington and Bonaparte
and Wellington are the accepted examples of men. Washing-
ton was an engineer, a proprietor, an advocate of internal
improvements. Bonaparte admitted his mistake in not foster-
ing ships, colonies, and commerce. The Duke of Wellington
only fifteen years after Waterloo was in danger of being
mobbed at Manchester while George Stephenson was treated
as a hero. It is fitting that our internal improvements should
be headed by a President of the University, Dr. loseph Cald-
well.
Mr. Cameron called Dr. Caldwell the sower and Governor
Morehead the reaper. Then came Wm. A. Graham, Romulus
M. Saunders, Wm. S. Ashe, Calvin Graves, W. J. Hawkins,
Paul C. Cameron, L. O'B. Branch, John W. Norwood, W. W.
Avery, Jesse G. Shepherd, William Johnston, Richard H.
Smith, R. H. Donnell, H. M. Shorter, Walter L. Steele, who
voted for the North Carolina Railroad charter when the road
came not within ninety miles of his home. Once there was in
our State distrust and bickering, a Pamlico section, a Roanoke
section, a Cape Fear, Piedmont, Mountain, and Transmountain
section without cohesive sympathy for each other. These iso-
lated communities are merged into one brotherhood, filled with
State pride, prosperous, self-reliant. The undertakings of the
alumni in internal improvements were no holiday job. They
exhibited all the qualities of bold, sturdy, ardent manhood.
The twelfth toast was, The Dialectic and Philanthropic So-
cieties. Responses by J. M. Leach, Junior, of the Dialectic,
and James Thomas, of the Philanthropic Society. Mr. Leach :
When I entered the Dialectic Hall a new world opened
to me. In the society I first saw the meaning of her motto,
"Love of Virtue and Science." Her motto was not only a
pledge of her success, but the principle it embodies has been
the cause of that success. Some of the brightest members of
the Dialectic Society came from the public schools. In the
Charter Centennial of 1889. 435
future it will appear that there is no brighter name than that
of Horace Mann. And in this State will be luminous the
names of Braxton Craven and Calvin H. Wiley. There
is a legend that if a traveler at night takes seven sips of water
from the fountain of Trevi, and then breaks the glass, he will
return to Rome before he dies. If drinking at the old well
yonder would secure me a seat at the alumni table a year hence
I would drink the water and break the glass, though it were
the finest product in which the Bohemian excels. It was said
of Louis le Debonair that he desired to die where he could hear
the waters of the Rhine. I could wish to fall asleep in Chapel
Hill, under the majestic oaks that once shaded Polk, Caldwell,
Swain, Davie, Moore, Murphey, Battle. Mangum, Badger,
Morehead, Graham, Pettigrew, Ransom, Vance, and in sight of
the hall of the Dialectic Society.
Mr. Thomas : The thoughts of us all are recalled by the
memory of the pleasant hours in one of the societies, whose
names are household words in Xorth Carolina and many homes
elsewhere. To me, next to home, one of the few places worthy
of the highest respect is the Philanthropic Society, where were
created aspirations and hopes which are incentives to action
and the inspiration of daily life. Many seem unaffected by
local associations, even as a number of young people talked
and laughed on the field of Waterloo. On the other hand there
are men like Goldsmith, who returned to the place of his boy-
hood after a life of dissipation, and wrote "The Deserted Mi-
lage." So let the influence of place take hold of this company.
And may the interest of its members increase as the years
go by.
The thirteenth toast was, Our Sister Universities and Col-
leges. Response was made by Col. Charles S. Venable, L.L.D.,
of the University of Virginia, and Rev. Dr. Charles E. Taylor,
of Wake Forest College. Colonel Venable : A few superb
young fellows, fresh from the field, entered our universities in
1865, but to the South at large it was a dark, dark day for the
higher education of Southern youth. But could our grand
leader have foreseen this picture of today, even in the agony
of Appomattox, he would have exclaimed with the prophet
436 History of University of North Carolina.
bard, "Visions of glory ! spare my aching sight !" You might
as well attempt to place a candle in every man's cottage with-
out the creative energy imparted by the sun as to undertake to
establish an effective system of public, secondary, and primary
instruction without a well equipped State University at its
head to furnish the essential force of educated intellect. I
bring a greeting from the sister universities to the noble Uni-
versity of North Carolina. May the sun of her progress and
power be the sun of the psalmist, which is to us a bridegroom
coming from his chamber rejoicing like a strong man to run a
race.
The speech of Dr. Taylor is not recorded, nor is that of J. L.
M. Curry, LL.D., on the fourteenth toast, To George Peabody
and Others Who, Loving the South, Have Given of Their
Means to Educate Her Children.
The fifteenth toast was, Our Guests. Responses by Henry
E. Shepherd, LL.D., of Charleston College, and Crawford H.
Toy, LL.D., of Harvard University. President Shepherd
spoke in place of President Gilman, of Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity, who was detained by the floods. He hoped that the
Centennial would not pass without at least some recognition
of the high and noble function performed by universities in
fostering and developing the sentiment of culture, the concep-
tion of pure scholarship, lifted above all thought of worldly
aggrandizement into that serene atmosphere, that Arcadian
home, which is the abode and the sanctuary of the ideal stu-
dent. The true scholar is among the noblest benefactors of
the race ; he is a spiritual power, a concrete protest against the
incoming wave of materialism which threatens to subordinate,
if not to pervert, all the holier and purer forces of our civiliza-
tion. The example of great scholars was mentioned, particu-
larly that of Scaliger at the University of Leyden. The
speaker concluded by appealing to the students and the alumni
to use all diligence in cherishing and developing that sentiment
of scholarly learning and aspiring which is the perfected glory
and the serene splendor of universities in all ages and under
all variations of administrative order or external form.
Dr. Crawford Toy spoke in response to the toast, Our
Charter Centennial of 1889. 437
Guests. I am happy on this pleasant occasion to be the bearer
of the greetings and congratulations of the Faculty of Harvard
College to the University of North Carolina. We are bound to
you by the ties of a common interest and a common hope and
effort. The fathers of the Revolution, says President Battle.
knew that their children would not be capable of freedom with-
out education. The ultimate aim of education, on the social
side, is to teach men to live aright ; on the reflective side it is
the discovery of truth. A university must be the creator of
its own resources. It must shape a public opinion which shall
supply the means of endowing instruction and shall offer those
rewards of honors and emoluments which shall induce young
men to devote themselves to thorough literary, scientific, and
philosophical studies. May the hope which the University of
North Carolina reposes in her sons be amply and speedily ful-
filled. In conclusion Professor Toy read the following tele-
gram :
Cambridge, Mass.. June 5, 1889.
Harvard University congratulates the University of North Caro-
lina on a centenary of usefulness and honor and wishes it ever in-
creasing prosperity. Chas. W. Eliot.
President.
Such was the enthusiasm evoked by this Centennial reunion
that the Alumni Association appointed a committee. Pres-
ident Battle and Professors Manning, Yenable, and Win-
ston, to arrange for an annual banquet at each Commencement.
The committee sent to all alumni a circular beginning, "The
Centennial Alumni Reunion at the last Commencement was so
refreshing to the hearts of all present, so honorable to the
University, and so creditable in its results that it is clearly
essential to the welfare and growth of the institution to have
an annual reunion of the alumni at each Commencement." The
alumni were requested to notify their coming, if practicable,
to the committee.
It was resolved to endow a Chair of History and that a com-
mittee of twelve take steps for such endowment. Historical
investigation is occupying, justly, more of the thoughts and
enerev of scholars than almost anv other line of studv.
438 History of University of North Carolina.
It was also resolved to form branch Alumni Associations in
order to bind the "old students" more firmly to their Alma
Mater. An especial letter was written to an active and influ-
ential alumnus in each locality with the request to confer with
others, and fix a time and place of meeting. A copy of a sug-
gested constitution was forwarded, and a visit from a member
of the Faculty promised if desired. The plan recommended was
adopted in some localities, but was not regularly continued.
President Battle visited and addressed associations in Ashe-
ville, Winston, and Greensboro, but was not called elsewhere.
The speeches of the Seniors were delivered the next day :
Walter M. Curtis, "The Three Kingdoms."
Alexander Stronach, "Individuality."
A. A. F. Seawell, "The Ethics of Toil."
John Sprunt Hill, "National Moderation." (The Philosoph-
ical Oration.)
George S. Wills, "A Reformer Before the Reformation."
Mills R. Eure, "The Dark Problem."
Henry G. Wood, "Our Foreign Element."
Clinton W. Toms, "Moral Epidemics."
James E. B. Davis, "Modern Cynicism."
Walter M. Hammond, "The Better Half."
Logan D. Howell, "The Novel as the Mirror of Modern
Life."
Caleb G. Cates, "Developed Manhood."
Charles A. Webb, "The Buddhas of Mankind." (The Classi-
cal Oration.)
W. A. W'ilson, "Philosophy and Progress."
Hunter L. Harris, "An Unconscious Slavery." (The Scien-
tific Oration.)
Daniel G. Currie, "Grit." (The Valedictory.)
The following theses were accepted in place of orations :
Herbert Clement, "The Test of Progress" ; Lacy L. Little,
"Equilibrium"; Thomas Lake Moore, "The Star in the East";
William S. Roberson, "The Historic Relation and Results of
Puritanism."
This being a Centennial celebration there was a liberal con-
ferring of honorary degrees. That of Doctor of Lazvs (LL.D.),
Honorary Degrees in 1889. 439
on Alphonso C. Avery, of the Supreme Court of North Caro-
lina; Paul C. Cameron, State Senator, and long a wise and
diligent Trustee of the University; Daniel G. Fowle, Judge,
and then Governor ; Daniel C. Gilman, President of Johns
Hopkins University, and ex-President of the University of
California; E. .Burke Haywood, a leading surgeon of North
Carolina ; Prof. William J. Martin, President of Davidson
College, once Professor of Chemistry in this University; Wil-
liam B. Royall, Professor in Wake Forest College ; William
L. Saunders, Colonel in the Confederate States Army and Sec-
retary of State ; Alfred M. Scales, Governor ; James E. Shep-
herd, Judge of the Supreme Court; George V. Strong, Judge
of the Superior Court; Crawford H. Toy, Professor of Hebrew
in Harvard University — an author of eminence ; Charles S.
Venable, Colonel on General Lee's staff, Professor of Mathe-
matics and Chairman of the Faculty in the University of Vir-
ginia— an author.
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), on Wm. G. Brown, Profes-
sor in the West Virginia University ; W. B. Burney, Professor
of Physics in the South Carolina College.
Doctor of Letters (Litt.D.) : John F. Crowell, President of
Trinity College ; Charles E. Taylor, President of Wake For-
est College; F. C. Woodward, Professor of English in the
South Carolina College.
The Degrees in Course :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 8
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 11
Bachelors of Science 1
Total 20
This list shows the waning of the study of Greek, the Philo-
sophical Course, substantially omitting that language but in-
cluding Latin, having a majority of the graduates.
In delivering the diplomas Governor Fowle addressed the
graduates in a strong and most interesting speech. He prom-
ised his best efforts to obtain an appropriation for the Uni-
versity of $50,000 annually.
440 History of University of North Carolina.
One student obtained the degeee of Master of Arts : Wm.
James Battle.
Special Certificates :
Latin — J. W. Graham, A. A. P. Seawell.
Mathematics — D. J. Currie, G. P. Howell.
English — George S. Wills.
French — A. Stronach, C. W. Toms, G. S. Wills.
Natural Philosophy — D. J. Currie.
Normal Course — J. E. B. Davis, Jim Jimerson.
Honors :
Valedictory Oration — Daniel Johnston Currie.
Classical Oration — Charles Aurelius Webb.
Philosophical Oration — John Sprunt Hill.
Scientific Oration — Hunter Lee Harris.
Greek Prizes — Shepard Bryan, Palmer Dalrymple.
Mathematical Prize — George Pierce Howell.
Representative Medal — George Henry Crowell.
Mangum Medal — Charles Aurelius Webb.
Honors in Class Standing:
Maxima cum Laude — Daniel Johnston Currie, John Sprunt
Hill.
Magna cum Laude — Logan D. Howell, Lacy LeGrand Little,
Charles Aurelius Webb, Walter Makepeace Curtis, Alex-
ander Stronach, George Stockton Wills, Hunter Lee
Harris.
Cum Laude — Herbert Clement, William Stone Roberson,
James E. B. Davis, Walter Monroe Hammond, Thomas
Lake Moore, Aaron A. F. Seawell, Clinton White Toms,
Henry Gilliam Wood.
In i888-'8q the Faculty changes were: Hunter Lee Harris,
Assistant in Chemical Laboratory : Joseph Yolney Lewis, As-
sistant in Natural History ; Stephen C. Bragaw and Thomas L.
Moore, Society Librarians.
Death of Professor Graves and Dr. Mallett.
In 1889 tnc health of Prof. Ralph Henry Graves was as-
sailed. He fell into the deepest despondency. Finding him-
self unable to teach he tendered his resignation to Presi-
dent Battle, who refused to accept it. but employed a substitute
Death of Professor Graves and Dr. Mallett. 441
with part of his salary. By his advice he repaired to Balti-
more to consult a specialist in nerve troubles. At one
time he hoped that he had been benefited by his treatment,
but the improvement was transient. The malady increased
until it resulted in insanity and he ended his life with his own
hand on the 10th of July the same year.
Professor Graves was a mathematician of rare gifts. He
won highest honors at the University of North Carolina, and
when its exercises were closed, in 1868, he was one of the
ablest students at the University of Virginia. Here he grad-
uated with the much coveted degree of Master of Arts (M.A.),
being especially strong in pure Mathematics, Physics and
Chemistry. He was an excellent teacher, though strict, and a
terror to the lazy and the flippant. Although he was cut off
in middle life, his virtues and talents did not die with him.
Marrying an excellent woman, a daughter of Professor John
DeBerniere Hooper, they had four children, a girl and three
boys. After his death his widow, with remarkable energy and
good sense, on slender means, has raised the girl to cultured
womanhood and the boys, through this University, to be high-
toned and successful men. One of them is Lieutenant Ernest
Graves, who took a very high grade at West Point and is one
of the strongest and most skillful athletes of our army.
On University Day (October 12th) Professor George T.
Winston delivered by request a most scholarly address on the
Life and Character of Professor Graves, which was published
in the University Magazine soon afterwards. Professor
Winston was long an intimate friend of his colleague and
brought out with great ability his peculiar powers — especially
his mathematical genius.
In the fall of the same year Chapel Hill lost its most emi-
nent physician, Dr. William Peter Mallett. His kindliness of
manner, his high qualities of a gentleman, coupled with his
skill as a physician and his residence among us more than
thirtv vears, made him a most lovable and valued citizen.
442 History of University of North Carolina.
It may be well to copy from a newspaper of the day a de-
scription of the village. "Chapel Hill is a quiet and beauti-
ful village on a branch line of the Richmond and Danville
Railroad (properly North Carolina Railroad) and twelve miles
from the famous tobacco town of Durham. The village, with
its broad streets, picturesque walls, large yards, gigantic grape-
vines, noble elms, old fashioned houses, and the University
Campus with its buildings of imposing proportions, wide-
spreading oaks and acres of grass, is remarkably attractive
especially in autumn and spring. What with porches, yards
and College Campus, the town scarcely needs a park, yet in
'Battle Park' it has one which by its natural beauties might
well excite the envy of wealthy Gotham. Lovers and chil-
dren are fond of wandering along the paths cut out through
the forest. Clear springs, rustic seats and shady nooks wear
appropriate names, and almost every tree might a tale of love
unfold if it could only tell of the names carved on its sides."
Saturday Work.
At this period there was a move to have recitations on Satur-
day. The argument for the change was the impossibility of
getting the studies into five days without giving many of the
classes four or five hours of consecutive work, going without
rest from one lecture to another. Moreover, there was not
proper time for laboratory work. The chief opposition came
from the Dialectic Society, in which declamations and reading
of compositions had for many years been features, and were
considered of much educative value. In answer to this it was
argued that this practice had grown up when practically there
was no English Department in the University, whereas now the
advantages claimed are obtained from the regular instruction.
Moreover, it was claimed that there was a considerable number
of special students not members of the societies, and the at-
tendance of Juniors and Seniors on the Saturday morning's
meetings is not now required.
The Faculty voted that Saturday recitations should be held
for Juniors and Seniors, provided that the change should work
Saturday Work. 443
no injury to the societies, but referred the whole subject to
the Trustees, because the Saturday exemption was given by a
venerable by-law. The conclusion of the Faculty was sup-
ported by the following arguments :
1. By using Saturdays relief can be had from afternoon
work, except in the laboratories.
2. Five-sixths of the students will have greater opportunities
for study and recreation.
3. The classes can be arranged so as to diminish conflicts.
4. The duties in the societies can be so arranged as not to be
sensibly impeded.
5. The general behavior on Saturdays will be improved.
6. By proper arrangement of the Monday lectures the
temptation to study on Sundays can be greatly lessened.
Advanced Degrees.
The Faculty determined on the following rules for Advanced
Degrees :
First. The Advanced Degrees are Master of Arts (A.M.),
Master of Science (M.S.), Master of Philosophy (M.Ph.), and
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). It will be noticed that in the
first and last the Latin form is retained, viz., Artium Magister
(A.M.) and Philosophies Doctor (Ph.D.). Afterwards, in
1903, the Faculty reduced the first three to Master of Arts, and
printed the diplomas in English, thus eliminating the classic
feature which had been in existence over a hundred years.
Second. The applicant for degree must file a request in
writing and must prove that he has obtained the Bachelor's
degree here or elsewhere.
Third. He must, under the direction of the Faculty, pursue,
residing at the University for one year, one major and two
minor studies ; must on examination obtain a grade of at least
80, and submit an approved thesis.
Fourth. For the degree of Ph.D. he must pursue, one year
longer, studies in two branches, a major and a minor.
444 History of University of North Carolina.
Alumni Association.
The University Alumni Association in 1890 had as its Presi-
dent Hon. Walter L. Steele, and its Secretaries, Messrs. H. A.
London and Josephus Daniels. The branch associations were :
Wake County, Dr. E. B. Haywood, President ; Alex.
Stronach, Secretary.
Goldsboro, Gen. W. G. Lewis, President ; Prof. J. W. Joyner,
Secretary.
Wilmington, Mr. David G. Worth, President; Prof. M. C. S.
Noble, Secretary.
Charlotte, Col. William Johnston, President ; Heriot Clark-
son, Esq., Secretary.
Washington, William B. Rodman, Jr., President; H. A.
Latham, Esq., Secretary.
Durham, Julian S. Carr, Esq., President ; Hon. James S.
Manning, Secretary.
Craven County, John S. Long, Esq., President ; James
Thomas, Esq., Secretary.
Winston-Salem, John W. Fries, Esq., President; A. H.
Eller, Esq., Secretary.
High Point, Prof. James A. Deak, President ; E. M. Arm-
field, Esq., Secretary.
February Twenty-second and Class Day.
Washington's Birthday in 1890 was celebrated with all due
ceremony. Mr. Shepard Bryan was the introductory orator.
In appropriate words he presented to the audience Mr. William
W. Davies, of Virginia, who gracefully and eloquently por-
trayed the virtues and civil and military labors of the Father of
the United States of America.
The Class Day of 1890 was held on April 15th. The night
before there was a dance, at which "stags" formed the major
part, although there were ladies from Raleigh, Durham, and
Portsmouth, Virginia, besides the local supply.
Ralph H. Holland began the exercises of the anniversary by
a well written oration on Chivalry. John D. Bellamy read the
Class Day, 1890. 445
Poem, of which T. M. Lee, who was absent, was author. This
was followed by the History of the class, by W. F. Shaffner.
And then the most interesting of all, abounding in humor and
good natured sarcasm, the Prophecies, by Hugh L. Miller. He
said that by the aid of a mystic formula he had been able to
concoct a narcotic under whose spell he beheld the future of
each of his classmates. The predictions were happy, some of
them hitting home peculiarities, but all was taken in good part.
The class then sang the following stirring class song. It was
one of the happiest features of the occasion. The members were
trained by a young candidate for the ministry pursuing
privately his theological studies at Chapel Hill, Mr. C. H.
Weaver, now a Doctor of Divinity in the Protestant Episcopal
Church.
Adapted from Carmina Yalensia.
Tune: "Last Cigar."
We are gathered now, we classmates, to sing our parting song,
To pluck from memory's wreath the buds which there so thickly
throng,
To gaze on life's broad ruffled sea to which we quickly go;
But ere we part we'll pledge ourselves to Alma Mater, O!
To Alma Mater, 0!
To Alma Mater, O!
But ere we part we'll pledge ourselves to Alma Mater, 0!
No more for us yon tuneful bell shall ring to morning prayers;
No more to learned lectures we'll climb yon attic stairs,
Examinations all are passed, — Alumnuses you know!
Come, raise the chorus long and loud, of Alma Mater, 0!
Of Alma Mater, O! etc.
Hither we came with hearts of joy, with hearts of joy we'll part,
And give to each the parting grasp which speaks a brother's heart
United firm in friendship's ties which can no breaking know,
For U. N. C.'s should ne'er forget their Alma Mater, 0!
Their Alma Mater, O! etc.
Then brush the tear drop from your cheek and let us happy be,
For joy alone should fill the hearts of those as blest as we;
One cheerful chorus ringing loud we'll give before we go,
The memory of Chapel Hill and Alma Mater, O!
Of Alma Mater, 0!
Of Alma Mater, 0!
The memory of Chapel Hill and Alma Mater, O!
446 History of University of North Carolina.
Death of Doctor Mangum.
On the tenth day of May, 1890, died Rev. Adolphus Wil-
liamson Mangum, D.D., Professor of Mental and Moral
Science. His biography before coming to the University has
already been told. During the early years of his professorship,
owing to the meagre income of the University, he was overbur-
dened with duties, having under his charge Mental and Moral
Science, History, and English Language and Literature. Relief
came with the increase of income, but he did not live long to
make wide and deep excursions into his specialty. Dr.
Mangum was a man of warm and generous emotions, exceed-
ingly kind to the students, a sincere and undoubting Christian,
devoted to the church of his love, the Methodist, and always
tenderly affectionate in his family. His influence with his
Methodist brethren and wide acquaintance in the State owing
to the numerous congregations he had served most acceptably,
enabled him to be of great service to the University at critical
periods. It is very gratifying that one of his sons. Dr.
Charles S. Mangum, was soon ready to perpetuate his name in
our Faculty.
Doctor Mangum's work in the University after the begin-
ning of his last illness was performed partly by the President
and Professors and partly by the minister in charge of the
Methodist Church at Chapel Hill, Rev. H. M. North.
On the thirty-first of May the following year, 1891, by re-
quest of the Faculty, Mr. Josephus Daniels, editor of the News
and Observer, delivered in Gerrard Hall an eloquent and appre-
ciative address on his life and character. He depicted in
graphic language his amiability, his learning, his teaching
power, his love for his students, his devotion to the Methodist
Church and the University. He was on such familiar terms
with his class that their friendly, unmalicious jokes at his ex-
pense created no bad feeling. I give a single instance : He was
speaking of the moving effects of eloquence and stated that the
audience of a great orator one by one drew near him as if by
irresistible attraction, until they surrounded him. Whereupon
the students in the classroom crept noiselessly to the good
Meeting of Historical Society, 1890. 447
doctor's chair and gazed as if spellbound into his eyes. When
he noticed this practical appreciation of his oratorical story he
good humoredly burst into a laugh and dismissed the class.
Commencement of 1890.
The Commencement of 1890 opened with the Baccalaureate
Sermon by a graduate of the Class of 1879. The Senior Class
had placed the choice of a preacher in the hands of the Faculty.
It was customary to honor the leading denominations in turn
and this year the choice fell on Rev. Robert Strange, afterwards
Bishop of East Carolina, a graduate of 1879. In matter, style,
and delivery he was most happy. His text was, "Seek ye first
the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things
shall be added unto you." From the tiniest microbe to the Great
Day Star there is one rule of law. In the spiritual world there
is one law of righteousness. He enforced his topic with a
wealth of illustration and reasoning.
On the next day the usual society meetings were held.
At the meeting of the Historical Society on Wednesday, Col.
Thomas S. Kenan, President, ex-Judge James Grant, of Iowa,
a graduate of 1831, was appointed as Honorary Vice-President,
and made a very appropriate speech of acceptance.
On the occasion of the presentation of a tablet in Memorial
Hall by the Trustees, Hon. Richard H. Battle, a graduate of
1854 and Tutor of Greek i854-'58, gave a full and masterly ad-
dress on the Life and Character of Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips,
Professor Emeritus of Mathematics. A contemporary report
says that it was "often eloquent, always elegant in language and
striking in thought." It was thoroughly appreciated by those
who knew the commanding intellect, the thorough learning, and
the many virtues of a man who was confessedly one of the
ablest mathematicians and divines the University ever had. It
was ordered to be published in the University Magazine.
Then was presented by his former students a tablet in Me-
morial Hall to the late Professor Ralph Henry Graves. The
spokesman of the donors was William J. Peele, of the Class of
1879, who did full justice to the genius, the teaching power, the
448 History of University of Xorth Carolina.
faithfulness to duty, the courtesy, of one of the ablest scholars
of the South, cut off in the flower of manhood.
The next address was by Colonel "Win. H. S. Burgwyn, of
the Class of 1864, on the "Necessity of Preserving the Me-
morials of the Past and of Transmitting to Posterity a Just and
Impartial History of Xorth Carolina." Colonel Burgwyn was
a Captain in the Confederate Army, an A.M. and LL.B. of
Harvard, author of the Maryland Digest, and afterwards a
bank president. He performed this duty with his accustomed
intelligence and thoroughness. He sketched sundry important
epochs in our history, little understood or understood wrongly,
and in forcible language expressed the hope that a historian
would arise who would do the State justice. It much strength-
ened the desire and determination of the alumni to create or
encourage the love of history among our people by the endow-
ment of a chair in the University especially devoted to the
study of the past. The address was ordered to be printed.
The Alumni Banquet was well attended and much enjoyed.
After cigars were brought in the question of endowing a Chair
of History was introduced. Air. Edward Chambers Smith, a
Davidson College alumnus, then a law student here, began by
offering to be one of fifty to give $500 or one of one hundred to
give $250 each. Professor Winston then produced the sub-
scription by David G. Worth, '53, who was absent, of $1,000;
Judge Grant, '31, followed with the same amount; Prof. E. A.
Alderman, '82, made a rousing speech directed to the younger
alumni and subscribed $150. Mr. R. W. Winston, '79, in a
strong speech pledged the young alumni to $5,000, if the older
would give $25,000. Professor Yenable, although not an
alumnus, nor even a native of the State, offered $250, after-
wards increased to $500. Dr. Manning, '50, added $250. Then
came Colonel Burgwyn with $500, afterwards increased to
$1,000 ; Captain Ebs Potter $50, Prof. George T. Winston $250,
and W. H. McDonald $50. At this point a favorite son of the
University, a moneyed man and a philanthropist, Julian S. Carr,
arose amid much enthusiasm and electrified the gathering by
pledging $10,000, for which he was thanked by Dr. Manning
Chemistry Hall
Cabh Building
Alumni Banquet of 1890. 449
in behalf of the University, the alumni, and unborn children of
the State. Colonel Steele then came forward with $500, Judge
John A. Gilmer with $500, Dr. A. R. Ledoux $250, Gen. Rufus
Barringer $250, Eugene Harrell, Esq., $100, Judge Fred Phil-
ips $500. A pleasing incident was the production by Colonel
Steele of a letter from a student of law, now at the University,
Mr. R. B. Redwine, containing a subscription of $100.
Here Judge Grant inquired of a neighbor, "How much is
needed ?'' A hasty calculation was made and the answer was
$8,000. He quietly said, "I will take the balance," and author-
ized Governor Fowle, sitting next to him, to speak for him. He
arose and said: ''Gentlemen of the Alumni Association, I
never more regretted in my life that I am a poor man, but
I am glad to say in behalf of my distinguished kinsman, who
has come from his far Western home in the Yosemite Valley,
that he is here to find out the needs of his Alma Mater and
supply them. He, Mr. President, instructs me to say to you
that he will make up the deficiency." At this the joy was un-
bounded and the applause frantic.
An eminent man remarked, ''The enthusiasm among the
alumni is worth more than the endowment, though that is of
incalculable importance."
At the date of Judge Grant's pledge it was intended to raise
$25,000. It was determined, however, to carry the limit still
higher, and President Battle was requested to visit leading
alumni in the towns and cities and ask their aid. The unpleas-
ant duty he performed at once, visiting Asheville, Wilmington,
Charlotte, Raleigh, Greensboro, and other points, and succeeded
in securing what was needed.
Speaking of Society Representatives.
The representatives of the two societies spoke at night.
Shepard Bryan was the first. His subject was "The Con-
servatism of North Carolina." Our State has been foremost.
When she held back time has vindicated her wisdom.
The next was J. Volney Lewis, on "Science and Character."
The progress of science is the progress of thought, and thought
forms character.
29
45° History of University of North Carolina.
Charles R. Thomas spoke on "The Ensign of Hope." A
great force, that saves races and nations, is the love of country.
He was followed by Matt J. Pearsall, who discussed "The
Color Line." The danger from the growth in numbers of the
negro can only be met by the restriction of suffrage on an edu-
cational basis.
Robert W. Bingham spoke next, on "Manifest Destiny and
Manifest Duty." The Teuton is the noblest race that has ex-
isted, and is the most progressive.
The last speaker was William E. Darden. His subject was
"Homo Sum," and was ably handled.
The Representative Medal was awarded to Mr. Bingham.
The Philanthropies were Bryan, Thomas, and Pearsall. The
Dialectics were Lewis, Bingham, and Darden.
The University Magazine describes so graphically the attend-
ance on Commencement Day that I quote it : "There is noth-
ing like it probably in the Union. The good people of Southern
Orange have adopted the occasion as their summer holiday
and use it to visit all parts of the University as well as to
attend the exercises. * * *
"On Thursday morning, before the boys had finished break-
fast, all kinds of vehicles, from the 'coach and six' down to the
one-horse ox cart with the barefoot driver, began to pour into
the campus and village. 'They came, they came, and kept
coming,' until the vast shady place 'below the dead line' was
filled with buggies and horses, wagons and mules, carts and
oxen. When finally the Class of '90, nineteen strong, filed
down the central aisle and were seated upon the rostrum, full
three thousand faces were turned to meet their gaze. There
were bobbing heads, rustling fans, and crying babies to such a
number that it was impossible to tell whether all had come or
not, but we were inclined to think they had."
The Senior speeches were as follows :
R. H. Holland, "Immigration, a Menace to Civilization."
Charles A. Rankin, "Future of United Italy."
W. F. Shaffner, "Weiehed in the Balance."
Commencement of 1890. 451
H. B. Shaw (Classical Oration), "Faith and Freedom."
Geo. V. Tilley, "Delusion."
James J. Philips, "Science and Faith."
Hugh L. Miller, "The Magic of the Unknown."
J. I. Foust, "The Compensation of Tyranny."
John D. Bellamy, "The Soldier of Politics."
J. B. Philbeck, "The Fallacy of Democracy."
Wm. Seaton Snipes, "The Conquering Race."
J. W. Graham, "The Pariah of Nations."
Victor S. Bryant (Philosophical Oration), "The Star of the
West."
Henry Johnston, "Our Relation to the World's Future."
Alex. Mclver, Jr. (Valedictorian), "Is the Republic Se-
cure ?"
The judges thought Mr. Johnston's the best.
Not spoken: Gaston Battle, "William the Silent"; J. C. Bras-
well, "Concentration of Energy" ; O. L. Sapp, "Despotism of
Prejudice" ; Paul Lee Woodard, "A Southern Siege."
Of those receiving the Academic degrees there were : Bache-
lors of Arts. (A.B.), nine; Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.),
eight; Bachelors of Science (B.S.), two; a total of nineteen.
There was one recipient of the degree of M.A., one of the de-
gree of Ph. D. The degrees were presented by Governor
Fowle, who gave the graduates wise and earnest counsel.
The Honors awarded were :
Valedictory Oratiox to Alexander Mclver, Jr.
Philosophical Oeatiox to Victor Silas Bryant.
Greek Prize to Frank Carter Mebane.
Kerr Geology Prize to James C. Braswell and Paul L. Woodard.
Representative Medal for Oratory to Robert W. Bingham.
Maxgum Medal for Oratory to Henry Johnston.
Special Certificates:
In Latin to Alexander Mclver, Jr.
In Greek to Frank H. Batchelor, Jesse L. Cuninggim, and
John M. Fleming.
In Chemistry to Gaston Battle and Hugh L. Miller.
In Natural Philosophy to Julius I. Foust.
452 History of University of North Carolina.
The Honorary Degrees conferred were :
Doctor of Laws (LL.D.), Chief Justice Walter Clark, North
Carolina ; Thomas F. Wood, M.D., North Carolina ; Hon. Han-
nis Taylor, Alabama; Hon. Zebulon B. Vance, North Caro-
lina; John S. Long, Esq., North Carolina.
Doctor of Divinity (D.D.), Rev. Lewis H. Reid, Connecti-
cut ; Rev. Frank L. Reid, Rev. Joseph B. Cheshire, Rev. James
H. Cordon, North Carolina.
Professor of Mathematics and Engineering.
In place of Prof. R. -H. Graves the Trustees chose Prof.
William Cain, C.E., of the Faculty of the South Carolina Mili-
tary Academy, to be head of the Department of Mathematics
and Engineering. He had been a diligent student of those sub-
jects for twenty years and attained fame as an author by the
publication of books on bridge building, architecture, and
kindred subjects. He had a creditable career in the Confed-
erate Army, although under age.
Colonel Robert R. Bridgers, the eminent president of the
Coast Line Railroad Company, said of him, "He is the best
locating engineer I ever saw." Dr. A. J. DuBois, Professor of
Civil Engineering of the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale
LJniversity, after testifying to his eminent fitness for the chair,
added, "His mathematical ability and attainments are unques-
tionable, and are attested by his writings, which are favorably
and widely known in his profession."
The election of Major Cain enabled the Faculty with little
additional expense to inaugurate the teaching of Civil Engi-
neering.
Divers Matters in 1890-91.
The Shakespeare Society meetings were planned with skill
and did much to create and increase the study and appreciation
of the great dramatist. It is impossible for want of space to
give an exhaustive description of these meetings. I abridge
one, however, as a sample.
The subject was "All's Well That Ends Well," Dr. Hume in
the chair.
Medical and Pharmaceutical Department. 453
Mr. Holland opened by a comparison of Shakespeare's form
of the plot with Boccaccio's original story of Baltramo and
Giletto.
Dr. Hume gave a paper on the different styles of different
parts of the comedy. The plot was probably mostly written in
rhyme and called "Love's Labor Won."
Mr. Roberson gave studies of Ben Jonson's Man in his
Humor and of Captain Bobadil ; and of Beaumont and Fletch-
er's Bessus.
Mr. Batchelor made an effective defense of the modesty and
purity of Helena.
Mr. Rankin followed with an ingenious defense of Bertram.
The evening was prolonged by ah able address from St. Clair
Hester on the "Bibliography and Critical Literature Illustra-
tive of Shakespeare." The work of Schlegel, and the Germans
generally, of Coleridge, Malone, Furman, and Rolfe, was hap-
pily sketched.
Dr. Hume closed by brief notes on some new books. He
praised Aikin's Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth as having valuable
gossip, also Prof. Daniel Wilson's "Caliban.'' For the next
monthly meeting "Troilus and Cressida" and Massinger's "Sir
Giles Overreach" were promised.
In September the Medical and Pharmaceutical Department
was opened under the charge of Dr. Richard H. Whitehead, of
Salisbury, a physician of decided genius and of experience as
Demonstrator of Anatomy in the University of Virginia, at
which institution he graduated M.D., after leaving Wake
Forest College. He was a man of wide reputation and soon
built up a successful department, at the same time making orig-
inal and valuable contributions to medical journals which ex-
tended his reputation in all medical and in many scientific
circles.
In the fall of 1889 the Young Men's Christian Association
made a proposition to the Trustees, which was accepted, to
reduce to a system the exercises in the Gymnasium. To this
end it was agreed that each student should pay one dollar for
the first term and one dollar and fiftv cents for the second.
454 History of University of North Carolina.
Mr. Lacy L. Little, an honor graduate of the previous year, a
conscientious and able man, afterwards a missionary to China,
who had prepared himself as Instructor in the Training School
of the Association at Springfield, Massachusetts, was selected
as Trainer. He had been captain of our football team. He
afterwards in China profited by his training, being forced to
save his life by a rapid retreat on foot from the Boxers.
Among the pleasant happenings of the year, coming from a
favorite son of the University, now a resident of distant St.
Louis, was the gift by Captain Francis T. Bryan, a first honor
graduate of 1842, of one hundred and sixty volumes of rare
and costly works on engineering, architecture, Biblical, Greek,
and Latin literature.
Captain Bryan also graduated at West Point, near the head
of the class, and served with distinction in the War with
Mexico. Resigning afterwards from the army he entered
civil life and made St. Louis his home.
It is interesting that during this year a Member of Congress
of the VJnited States, Hon. Wm. Thomas Crawford, matricu-
lated in the Law School of the LTniversity, the only instance of
so high an official being on our student roll.
LTniversity Day was celebrated by a polished and interesting
address from Mr. J. Y. Joyner, a graduate of 1881, his subject
being Edgar Allan Poe. In introducing him President Battle
called over the names of his classmates, showing that all were
doing a noble work, especially Charles D. Mclver, Edwin A.
Alderman, and the speaker, Mr. Joyner, who were by the
appointment of Superintendent Finger engaged in arousing the
State to a proper estimate of education.
Mr. Joyner is now (1912) the distinguished State Superin-
tendent of Public Instruction and has been president of the
National Educational Association.
At this period a University newspaper called the Chapel Hil-
lian made its appearance. It was edited with ability by F. H.
Argo and S. A. Ashe, Jr., the business manager being J. A.
Death of Col. W. L. Saunders. 455
Bonitz. After a time it was superseded by two rival papers,
the White and Blue and the Tar Heel. The White and Blue
was the organ of the "Non-Frat" party, the Tar Heel that of
the "Frat" party. Harmony being presently restored on the
Fraternity question the White and Blue gracefully retired and
the Tar Heel has since been the only University paper.
On April 2, 1891, died Col. William Lawrence Saunders,
Secretary and Treasurer of the University, A.B. 1854, LL.D.
1889. Owing to his great services to the University it was
decided that a commemorative address should be delivered in
his honor. Col. A. M. Waddell was invited to deliver the ad-
dress and did so at the Commencement of 1892.
An important change was made this year to secure, as far as
practical, the physical well being of the students. Each was
required to pay a fee of five dollars for the year and was there-
upon entitled to receive medical attention without furthei
charge. The plan is satisfactory to all — to the healthy and
the sick. Indeed sickness is often prevented by the advice of
the physician being sought by the indisposed, who would not
ask for advice if at the expense of a fee. The perfectly healthy
have the satisfaction of feeling that they are contributing to
the needs of their unfortunate fellows, to the treasury of a
beneficent relief fund.
A small wooden infirmary was erected, with three rooms
which were well furnished. Since then a much handsomer in-
firmary has taken its place, situated on Columbia Avenue.
There died this year a negro, not connected with the Uni-
versity, yet well known to several generations of students. His
name was Ben, or Benny, Boothe. He had an excellent charac-
ter and a skull of phenomenal hardness. For five cents he
would allow the hardest fist in the University to smite him on
his apex, and stranger still an inch pine board to be split on the
same place, without moving a muscle. For the same coin he
would crow as a chicken cock so naturally as to excite belliger-
ant feelings in all the neighboring farmyards. Mr. W. J.
Peele wrote a memorial of him in his usual felicitous stvle.
456 History of University of North Carolina.
Paul C. Cameron.
On January 6, 1891, died Paul Carrington Cameron. He
was born September 27, 1808. Descended from a chieftain
of the clan Cameron in North Scotland, he inherited the high
spirit, truthfulness, loyalty to friends and institutions he loved,
which distinguishes the leaders among the Gaels. He pos-
sessed talents of a high order. His addresses and short
speeches were models of good taste and felicitous expression,
though he was too straightforward to aim at eloquence. His
strong points were pluck and sagacity. He managed his pri-
vate affairs with consummate prudence, dying a millionaire
notwithstanding the losses of the war, the emancipation of
nearly two thousand slaves, and the insolvency of debtors. His
tenacious memory and wide acquaintance with men and affairs
for nearly three-quarters of a century made him a most agree-'
able and instructive companion. He had talked with Chief
Justice Marshall, Nathaniel Macon, and many other great men.
His services to the University were invaluable. He never
missed a meeting of the Board of Trustees or of the Executive
Committee, or a special committee to which he was appointed.
His attendance at Commencements, even in old age, was punc-
tual and without intermission. When the extensive repairs of
the buildings became necessary, as chairman of the building
committee his superintendence was constant for weeks, at his
own expense, and his sound judgment and experience secured
the strictest economy, the best material, and the most efficient
workmanship. He held few public positions besides those con-
nected with the University — a term in the State Senate and the
presidency of the North Carolina Railroad Company being the
chief, but as a private citizen his influence was wide and benefi-
cent. A sketch of his life, prepared by Mrs. Cornelia Phillips
Spencer, and another by his relative, Colonel John D. Cameron,
are valuable contributions to our State history.
Mr. Cameron's grandfather, Richard Bennehan, was one of
the earliest Trustees and benefactors of the University, and his
father, Duncan Cameron, was one of the wisest. It was on the
motion of the latter that the Executive Committee was created,
Death of Paul C. Cameron. 457
the Tennessee lands sold in a body and the proceeds consti-
tuted the first endowment of the institution, the possession of
which induced Governor Swain to accept the presidency and
led to the prosperity of the University prior to the Civil War.
The Trustees, in consideration of his eminent services to the
University, departed from their usual custom in regard to the
death of Trustees, passing especially laudatory resolutions, pre-
pared by a committee appointed by the Executive Committee,
namely, Governor T. M. Holt, Charles A. Cook, F. H. Bus-
bee, Thomas S. Kenan, and R. H. Battle.
One of the services performed by Mr. Cameron, of a homely
nature, but interesting and valuable, was hauling, at his own
expense, the heavy shaft of the Caldwell monument twelve
miles from the railroad at Durham, to Chapel Hill. It was
necessary to fortify the bridges on the road with additional
supports and it required the united strength of seven pairs of
picked mules, drawing a wagon of a strength extraordinary in
this part of the world, to accomplish the task.
A Notable Donor.
In 1891 died Mary Ann Smith, a resident of Raleigh, daugh-
ter and heiress of Richard Smith, an estimable merchant, who
had accumulated a large estate, according to North Carolina
standards. This daughter was his only child. In 1861 she made
a will, leaving half of her estate to the University for the en-
dowment of "such a chair as shall teach both the science of
Chemistry and its experimental application to the useful arts.''
It was required to give free tuition to as many needy students
as can be paid for out of the income of the fund. In 1891 Miss
Smith died, after having been an inmate of an asylum for the
insane for many years. As many who were familiar with her
mental condition thirty years before were dead, and her sanity
in 1861 might have been difficult to prove, it was thought best
to compromise the University claim for $37,000.
Miss Smith was, when her mind was sound, a woman of ex-
cellent judgment and high principle, unostentatious but of
broad charity. Her name is kept alive in the title of the Pro-
458 History of University of North Carolina.
fessor of Chemistry and in the most western dormitory, the
Mary Ann Smith Building.
Her will was remarkable in that it was in advance of the
times. There had been little experimental work in Science.
The Professor of Chemistry in the South generally taught
Physics, Mineralogy and Geology, Botany, Zoology and perhaps
other sciences. Dr. Mitchell, besides filling this chair, was
Bursar, Town Commissioner, Justice of the Peace, co-pastor
of the Presbyterian Church, co-chaplain of the University, and
Superintendent of the Buildings and Grounds. Miss Smith
foresaw the extension of the study of Chemistry and its appli-
cation to the industrial arts.
CHAPTER VII.
President Battle Resigns.
At the meeting of the Board of Trustees in February, 1891,
President Battle resigned the office which he had held for
fifteen years, the resignation 'to take effect with the end of the
session. The utmost harmony between him and the Board
had always existed. He had experienced in full measure
their sympathy and cooperation. As one of the ablest Trus-
tees, Col. R. R. Bridgers said, at a meeting of the Board : "Tell
us what you want done and we will do it." His chief motive in
resigning was to seek a position which would have cares less
anxious than the presidency. His temperament was such that
his brain was oppressed with constant, never lessening thoughts
about the University — the behavior of the students, the attacks
on it, its curriculum, its policy, the slenderness of its resources,
the work of its Professors. He longed for more quiet work,
especially in History. His election to the professorship of
History recently established exactly met his wishes.
There was not wanting a surmise that the Chair of History
was created by the Trustees for him, but this was by no means
true. His resignation of the Presidency was not thought of
until a year after the funds were procured.
A committee of Trustees, composed of Colonel Hamilton C.
Jones, Hon. Thomas W. Mason, and Hon. Francis D. Winston,
was appointed to draft resolutions. The following was re-
ported and unanimously adopted :
Whereas, The Hon. Kemp P. Battle, LL.D., after fifteen years of
service as President of the University, has resigned that position
and accepted the Chair of History in the University Faculty, the
Board of Trustees desire to express their profound appreciation of
his faithful and valuable services rendered at a time when the in-
stitution was sorely in need and oppressed by almost overwhelming
difficulties.
It is unnecessary to enumerate the many details of progress made
during his administration. His work stands as his monument. The
460 History of University of North Carolina.
Trustees have known him as a loyal, patient, wise, and conserva-
tive officer, whose administration of the affairs of the University has
been characterized by perfect integrity of character, by courtesy
and forbearance, by intelligent conservatism, by steady and wise
expansion of the University ideal, and especially by intense and
useful loyalty to her interests: It is, therefore,
Resolved, That the thanks of the Board be tendered the Hon.
Kemp P. Battle, LL.D., for his faithful and valuable service as
President of the University.
Respectfully submitted,
H. C. Jones.
T. W. Mason.
Francis D. Winston.
Commencement of 1891.
The class exercises of 1891 were interesting, as usual. The
President, Shepard Bryan, welcomed the audience in appro-
priate words and gave wise counsel to his classmates. The
Prophet was Frank Batchelor, a young man of strong parts,
but destined to a short life. His prophecies were caustic as a
rule, hut being jocular, provoked only amusement. Mr. J. Vol-
ney Lewis was Orator. His speech, the subject being "True
Progress," attracted much attention. The History of the Class
was full and candid, and showed that notwithstanding it had
lost by voluntary retirement many members, it was still strong
and promised to be a power in the land. The Poet was Mr.
Andrew H. Patterson, his poem being written on the memories
which cluster around our Glenburnie Rock. There were pas-
sages of rare beauty. A striking feature of the celebration was
the presentation of the class cake to be opened at the reunion
of 1914.
There was then an adjournment for exercises around the
Old Poplar in the afternoon. This was one of the most interest-
ing occasions of Commencement. The circle of fine-looking
young men, in caps and gowns under the classic tree; the
friendly smoking of the "Pipe of Peace,'' recalling the counsel
of the Tuscaroras and Cherokees, the graceful forms of well-
dressed ladies and their beaux scattered over the greensward,
the ringing class songs and the final farewell of four year com-
rades, gave a memorv not likelv to fade.
Home of Kemp P. Battle
President's Walk
Commencement of 1891. 461
The Committee on Visitation for 189 1 was composed of Hon.
W. L. Steele, chairman, Hon. C. M. Cooke, Hon. S. M. Finger,
Hon. John A. Gilmer, Prof. C. D. Mclver, A. H. Merritt,
Esq., and Hon. John C. Scarborough.
This was the last work of Colonel Steele for the institution
which was very near to his heart. No sacrifice of time and
comfort for her interests was begrudged by him. He was a
candid, wise, and ready counselor.
The Commencement exercises of 1891, the last under the
Presidency of Dr. Battle, began on Sunday, the 31st of May,
with the Baccalaureate Sermon by Rev. Dr. Walter W. Moore,
a native of North Carolina, then a Professor of Biblical Litera-
ture in the Theological Department of Hampden-Sidney Col-
lege, and since its removal to Richmond, President of the same.
At the meeting of the Board of Trustees Hon. Richard H.
Battle, of Raleigh, was elected Secretary and Treasurer in
place of Col. William L. Saunders, deceased.
In place of Prof. A. W. Mangum, deceased, was elected Mr.
Henry Horace Williams. He took the degrees of A.B. and
A.M. at this institution in 1882 ; was Bachelor of Divinity at
Yale, won a $500 Fellowship at Harvard, taught in our public
schools, and was Professor of Greek and German in Trinity
• College, North Carolina. His Chair is Mental and Moral
Science, which was his specialty at Yale and Harvard. He is a
man of power and influence.
The oration before the literary societies on Wednesday was
by Col. John M. Galloway, of the Class of 1854, who had been
a brave and efficient officer of the Confederacy. He was a
most forcible speaker and strongly advocated righteous conduct
as a necessity of good government.
The Class of 1881 held their reunion. The class history was
delivered by Eugene L. Harris. An interesting incident was
the presentation of a silver cup to Kemp Battle Nixon, the first
son of any member. The father was Alfred Nixon, the worthy
Sheriff of Lincoln County, and Superior Court Clerk, . the
author of many valuable historical monographs. The presenta-
tion speech was by Mr. James D. Murphy, one of the class, now
a prominent lawyer of Asheville, in a masterly manner.
462 History of University of North Carolina.
The Class of 1889 held a reunion. The toasts were "The
Class of '89 and the Chair of History," responded to by John
S. Hill. Mr. Hill offered a prize of fifteen dollars annually for
the best essay on a topic of North Carolina History. "The
Lady Friends of 1889," by Alexander Stronach ; "The Class of
1889." by George S. Wills.
Colonel Steele declining- reelection as President of the
Alumni Association. Col. Thomas S. Kenan, of the Class of
1857, was unanimously chosen in his place. The President
and Colonel H. C. Jones and Captain Thos. W. Mason were
appointed to draft resolutions upon the death of Colonel Wil-
liam L. Saunders.
Committees from the two societies, Messrs. M. J. Paschall,
W. E. Rollins, E. P. Willard, F. P. Eller, and Victor H. Boy-
den, Dialectic, and W. H. Wills, Geo. W. Connor, Edward R.
McKethan, S. C. Riggs, and George Ransom, Philanthropic,
appeared and reported resolutions strongly eulogizing President
Battle. " Among other things it was said, "He has always lent
sympathy that cheered and wise counsels, without which much
of our success and usefulness would have been impossible."
Dr. Battle responded with much feeling and testified that the
confidence of the students had been very grateful and helpful
to him.
At two o'clock the alumni sat down to a substantial dinner.
The first speaker was Governor Holt, whose speech was so
well received that a copy was asked for publication. Colonel
Steele's talk was full of vigor and humor. Dr. Mclver earn-
estly contended for cooperation between the University and the
public schools. Mr. A. H. Patterson, of the Class of 1891,
spoke gracefully and effectively of college athletics. Mr. T. G.
Lee, a rising Sophomore, spoke for his class, pledging them to
work for the University, and read resolutions by the class not
to engage in hazing. Professor Winston, being called on, made
a speech worthy of his high reputation.
Colonel Hamilton C. Jones then spoke on the "Brotherhood
of the Alumni." their high character and powerful influence in
all the walks of life. Hon. R. A. Doughton, Speaker of the
House of Representatives, had for his subject "Public Educa-
Commencement of 1891. 463
tion and the University." The problems of government de-
mand for their solution the education of the people. We owe
much to Major S. M. Finger, the State Superintendent of
Public Instruction, and to Professors Mclver and Alderman,
for their intelligent work for public schools.
An able speech was then made by Major W. A. Guthrie on
the duty of the State to support the University as a worthy
daughter, not as a stepdaughter.
There was a general sentiment that the alumni should erect
an Alumni Hall devoted to public offices, lectures, and labora-
tories.
At night came the speeches of the representatives. George
W. Connor, "The Nation's Law and the Nation's Life'' ; Ros-
coe Nunn, "The Stranger Within the Gates"; S. L. Davis.
"Evolution of Nations" ; H. R. Ferguson, "Home Rule Not
a Remedy" ; Zebulon V. Walser, "Journalism and the Law" ;
A. H. Koonce, "Education and Citizenship."
Of these Davis, Ferguson, and Walser were Dialectics ;
Nunn, Connor, and Koonce, Philanthropies. Mr. Connor
gajnejithe votes of the judges.
On Commencement Day, June 4th, the Senior speakers were :
A. H. Patterson (Philosophical Oration), "Greek Myth of
Phaeton."
Francis H. Batchelor ( Valedictory Oration), "The Scholar
in Politics."
Shepard Bryan, "Reform and Reformers."
S. C. Thompson, "St. Paul at the Council of Jerusalem."
William W. Davies, Jr., "A Bar of Sand — Commerce."
W. H. Wills, "Historical View of Social Question."
W. L. Spoon, "The Unseen Hand."
The following submitted theses : John M. Morehead. ''The
Corn Industry in the South" ; George Ransom, "Degeneracy
of Fiction" ; William J. Andrews. "Our State — What We Are
tp Be"; William W. Ashe, "Schiller's Personality in his
Poems"; McCord W. Ball, "The Ideal King": Jesse L. Cun-
inggim (Classical Oration), "The Italian Reforms"; George
H. Currie, "Luther at the Council" ; Palmer Dalrymple. "The
Youngest of the Sciences" ; Robert R. Eason, "Turning Point
464 History of University of North Carolina.
in English History" ; John M. Fleming, "Greek Education" ;
Paul C. Graham, "Industrial Future of the South"; Edwin
R. McKethan, "An Appeal Against Woman Suffrage" ; Charles
S. Mangum, "The Diet of 1521"; George M. Graham, Joseph
V. Lewis, subjects not recorded.
The Degrees conferred in course were —
Bachelor of Arts 9
Bachelor of Philosophy 8
Bachelor of Science 2
Bachelor of Engineering 4
Bachelor of Laws 4
Master of Arts 1
Having completed the prescribed courses and submitted an
approved thesis in Psychology, Rev. James Edward Fogartie
obtained the degree of Master of Arts.
The Honors:
Valedictory Oration — Francis Howard Batchelor.
Classical Oration — Jesse Lee Cuninggim.
Philosophical Oration — Andrew Henry Patterson.
Greek Prize — James Crawford Biggs.
Kerr Prize in Geology — Joseph Volney Lewis.
Mathematical Medal — Frank Carter Mebane.
Moral Science Medal — Francis Howard Batchelor. ,
Representative Medal — George Whitfield Connor.
Essayist's Medal — William Willard Ashe.
Mangum Medal — William Watkins Davies, Jr.
Special Certificates :
In Greek to Palmer Dalrymple.
In Mathematics to Andrew H. Patterson and Wm. L. Spoon.
In Chemistry to John M. Morehead.
In Latin to George Ransom.
In French to J. V. Lewis.
In Natural Philosophy to J. V. Lewis, J. M. Morehead, A. H.
Patterson, and W. L. Spoon.
In Natural History to J. V. Lewis and John M. Morehead.
The members of the class as a rule have been conspicuously
successful. Among them are to be found mayors of cities, a
Representative in Congress, able lawyers and physicians, pro-
fessors of universities and colleges, Members of the Legisla-
ture, civil engineers and foresters, editors, and farmers.
Successor to Dr. Battle. 465
President Winston.
When a successor to President Battle was sought, all eyes
were turned to George Tayloe Winston, LL.D., Professor of
Latin, once of Latin and German, in this LTniversity. He had
been trained here at the Xaval Academy at Annapolis, and at
Cornell University. He was a distinguished student and after-
wards a thorough and enlightened Professor. His labors in
the Summer School and his Presidency of the State Teachers'
Association gave him familiar acquaintance with the teachers
of the State. His addresses, some of which were published,
notably "The Roman and the Teuton," "Mephistopheles and
Iago," and that on the Life and Genius of Professor Graves,
gave him a high standing among cultured men. He had bound-
less energy, vigorous health, and a bold spirit, which feared
nothing and was appalled by no obstacles. He was a fluent
and strong speaker and loved the University at which his early
student life was spent and in whose halls he taught for sixteen
years. He was unanimously elected.
President Winston was inaugurated publicly on October
14th, 1 891. In the absence of Governor Holt, detained on
official business, Colonel Thomas S. Kenan, President of the
Alumni Association, presided. The exercises were opened with
prayer by Rev. Dr. Charles E. Taylor. President of Wake
Forest College, after which the University choir sang the ode
to "The Bell," the refrain of which is
Cling, clang, cling!
The bell is ringing.
Hope and health
Its chimings tell — chimings tell.
Through the halls of N. C. U.,
O'er the quiet village, too,
Float the melody and music
Of the bell.
The opening address was by President D. C. Gilman, of
Johns Hopkins University, which was most thoughtful and
full of encouragement to the ambitious student.
Mr. Walter H. Page followed with an address, so able that it
30
466 History of University of North Carolina.
was sought and obtained for publication. While duly acknowl-
edging the conservatism of the old University and paying a
complimentary tribute to ex-President Battle, he exhorted
President Winston and his coadjutors to prepare themselves
for the strenuous life of the future. "We charge you to re-
member that this is the peoples' institution. Renounce for-
ever all servitude to ecclesiasticism and partyism and set out
to be the ruling and the shaping force among the energies
that stir the people and are making of the old fields a new
earth, of our long slumbering land a resounding workshop."
After eloquent portrayals of the difficulties and the hopeful-
ness of the future, exhorting specially the settlement wisely of
the relations between the two races, the speaker said with em-
phasis, "We beg you to remember, not in the spirit of admoni-
tion, but in the spirit of work — fellowship ; that there is but one
courage, and that is the courage of truth, because there is but
one victory, and that is the victory of truth, which is the invin-
cible voice of God.
"In consecrating yourself to this, swear that the 'day of
compromise is done.' To every mendicant tradition that asks
favors of you ; to every narrow eccleciastical prejudice that
shall demand tribute ; most of all to the colossal inertia that you
inherit, in whatever form they come, in whatever guise they pre-
sent themselves — to them all say with kindness, but with firm-
ness :
'Go honored, hence, go home,
Night's childless children: here your day is done,
Pass with the stars and leave us
With the sun.' "
The choir sang the University Hymn by Mrs. Spencer. The
retiring President then briefly reviewed the trials and. successes
of the new University and in most admiring terms introduced
his successor. Dr. Winston, in his usual happy and forcible
manner, outlined the policy of his administration and made a
strong plea for higher education. Cordial letters were read
from Dr. J. L. M. Curry, President of the Peabody Fund, and
Dr. Henry E. Shepherd, expressing regret at being detained on
official business.
President Winston. 467
The choir sang "The Old North State." after which Rev.
Dr. Clewell, of the Salem Female Academy, pronounced the
benediction.
At night President Winston gave a reception, an old fash-
ioned "'possum" supper to the Faculty, Senior Class, resident
graduates, and invited guests. Of course a few "funny boys,"
not of the invited guests, perpetrated the old, ever new, joke, of
mewing like cats on the outside, implying that unfortunate
felines usurped the place of the opossum.
"President Winston, as soon as elected, determined to in-
crease the attendance at the University. He had one advantage
which his predecessor had not in so large measure. The num-
ber of free scholarships, owing to the ten provided by the estate
of Paul C. Cameron, thirty-seven by the Mary Ann Smith, the
Mary Ruffin Smith and other bequests, was now about sixty.
But the larger amount of the increase was owing to his exer-
tions. By judicious dissemination of circulars, one of which
found its way to nearly every boy in Xorth Carolina able or
aspiring to enter the University, by extraordinary diligence in
visiting schools and delivering addresses, highly eloquent and
instructive, he greatly enhanced the popularity of the institu-
tion. He even visited conventions of other churches than his
own, and when accorded the courtesy of speaking delivered
conciliatory addresses. Alarmed at his influence, in the follow-
ing year one of his bitterest opponents forewarned him that he
would meet with opposition if he should attend future conven-
tions of his church with the expectation of addressing them,
whereupon, in the interest of peace, he absented himself.
The President's boundless energy was shown in the prosecu-
tion of liquor sellers. An Act of Assembly prohibits the sale of
spirituous, vinous or malt liquors within four miles of the Uni-
versity buildings. Of course this is sometimes broken. Pres-
dent Battle repeatedly had the guilty party indicted, but in-
variably he was released "on payment of costs," a penalty which
had no deterring effect. President Winston, by skillful detec-
tive work, secured a conviction before a United States Court.
He journeyed to Greensboro, explained matters to the Judge.
468 History of University of North Carolina.
and secured a sentence to the penitentiary for a year, a punish-
ment much dreaded by the whiskey dealer. After he left
Greensboro the attorneys and friends of the convicted succeeded
in winning from the soft-hearted Court a reduction of the pun-
ishment to a fine.
President Battle had contented himself for some years with
using his lecture room as his office. It was endeared to him by
association, he having presided over the Dialectic Society when
it was their hall, in conjunction with James Mebane, the first
President, 1795. As the University grew larger it became
necessary to have a President's office. This was done by open-
ing a door into a student's dormitory adjacent, an arrangement
very agreeable to the President, and necessary because the lec-
ture room was needed for other lectures than his own.
When President Winston was inaugurated he selected two
rooms on the first floor of the South Building, as being central.
These were convenient of access to all having business with the
executive. In the front room was the Registrar. The noises
occasionally heard in that locality did not distress the President,
as he was not of a nervous temperament. The building of the
Alumni Hall afterwards gave still greater comfort to the execu-
tive and his assistant officers.
Various Events in 1891-92.
On the morning of the 12th of February, 1892, the Faculty
and students assembled to do honor to a late warm friend of
the University; ex-Governor Alfred Moore Scales, alumnus of
1847. President Winston, Judge Davis, Colonel Steele, Dr.
Manning, and Dr. Battle bore testimony to his spotless charac-
ter, gallantry as a soldier, wisdom as a statesman. Resolutions
were adopted certifying to his unflinching moral and physical
courage, his straightforward rectitude of purpose, his broad
views as a citizen, legislator, and Governor. He was a powerful
assistant in procuring from the State the means for the increase
of the University.
In the same month a prominent Professor of History in
Harvard University, Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart, spent some days
Events in 1891-92. 469
at Chapel Hill. By request he delivered three lectures before
Faculty and students in Gerrard Hall. The first was on "The
Romance of American Political History." It was illustrated
by maps drawn by himself and gave the growth of the United
States by settlement, by conquest, and by purchase. The second
was on the "Organization of Congress." The last was on the
"Methods of Teaching History."
Washington's Birthday, in 1892, was celebrated in the Phil-
anthropic Hall. George W. Connor being the president. The
Farewell Address was read, then Frank C. Carter introduced as
the orator of the day Bart Moore Gatling. His address was
greeted with hearty applause.
In the afternoon the students assembled in Gerrard Hall to
carry out the annual buffoonery of granting medals to Fresh-
men. As it is my plan to give a faithful picture of the Uni-
versity in its trivial as well as serious work, I give the happen-
ings on this occasion, with the explanation that the apparent
estimates of the character and conduct of the Freshmen are
not to be taken as truthful. They are pure fun, intended and
understood as such. As a rule the student is the opposite of
what is implied in the epithets.
A. Winston received the cheeky man's medal, though H. C.
Brooks received a large vote. Hawkins, Pruden, and Rogers
tied for ugly man's medal. The president cast the deciding
vote, amid loud cries of "illegal election" from the disappointed
friends of Jake Battle. Pretty man's medal was carried off by
Tom Little, with "Little Pat" (Winston) a close second. Sev-
eral were nominated for dude, and though the friends of P. C.
Cameron, Ingle, John Gatling, and Dick Arrington worked
hard, Horn, C, was the successful candidate. Borer's medal
was awarded to Weil without opposition, as were "Twister's"
to Van Noppen, and Fool's to Morris. Welsh received the
medal for general cussedness, and Shelton was thought most
worthy of Blusher's medal. When nominations for Liar's
medal were declared in order, Buck Guthrie, who carried off
the same medal last year, was nominated and unanimously
elected. Much to the regret of his many friends he was de-
4/0 History of University of North Carolina.
clared ineligible for a second term and W. R. Robertson was
thought next best.
On March ioth Dr. R. L. Payne, Jr., of Lexington, an
alumnus of 1868, one of the most distinguished physicians of
the State, delivered a thoughtful and illuminating lecture on
"The Relationship of Mind and Body." He emphasized the
truth that many great minds are injured by want of attention
to the laws of health.
For some years there was harmony between the '"Frats"
and the "Non-Frats," but in the year 1892 there broke out dif-
ferences between them which materially disturbed harmonious
relations. Probably dissatisfaction had been smouldering for
some time, but it seems to have become acute when it was
alleged that a Frat counseled young ladies to refuse to receive
the attention of a non-Frat, because they would thus drive off
those of the other party. One girl, it was said, acted on this
advice and treated coldly, if not with rudeness, visitors of
unexceptionable respectability, personally and socially. The
non-Frats also charged that their adversaries in all college elec-
tions voted together without regard to the merits of the candi-
dates and in general kept themselves aloof from the others,
although in birth, breeding, and scholarship they were not a
whit superior.
These charges were not admitted to be true, but undoubt-
edly while there was exaggeration, there was, or appeared to
be, enough truth in them to stir up bad feeling. The non-Frats
determined to bring the matter to an issue. They threatened,
if the Faculty would not rectify it, to lay their grievance before
the Board of Trustees, and if they refused to act, they declared
that they would appeal to the General Assembly.
Naturally President Winston was peculiarly desirous of
having no irritating problems while the Legislature was sit-
ting, so, with a committee of the Faculty, he set himself to
arrange a modus vivendi. On the supposition that most of
the trouble came from Freshmen, unused to University ways,
and so proud of their membership in a fraternity that they dis-
played their satisfaction in an uncourteous manner, it was en-
acted that students should not join a fraternity until the end of
Alumni Association in 1892. 471
a year after matriculation, a regulation pleasing to the Frats
generally because there had been unseemly electioneering with
new students.
Commencement of 1892.
At the Commencement, 1892, the Baccalaureate Sermon was
preached by Rev. J. W. Carter, D.D., a Baptist minister of
Raleigh. It was a sermon of power, from a text in the 85th
Psalm : "Truth shall spring out of the earth and righteousness
shall look down from heaven." The subject being "True Great-
ness," he drew a picture of a truly great man. The greatest
man is he whose reliance on truth is most unfaltering. No life
is the highest that conveys no blessings to other lives. Christ is
the King and kinsman, the benefactor and brother of all. The
preacher knew a man in the mountains of Virginia who lived
for others, totally unselfish, Godlike. Contrast his life with
that of Lord Byron, brilliant but vicious, egotistical. Lasting
greatness is only goodness."
The Board of Trustees met at 9:30 on Tuesday. At 10:30
was the meeting of the Alumni Association, when Dr. Charles
D. Mclver, in that peculiarly forcible style which won for him
celebrity and success, argued with earnestness and strength for
State support of higher education. He recommended that the
alumni should have a voice in the election of Trustees, a pro-
posal which sounds reasonable, but which, if not carefully
managed, might make the Board a close corporation, not hav-
ing the sympathy and confidence of the people, like the unpopu-
lar self-perpetuating body abolished in 1804. Second, he urged
that the. alumni should have a voice in editing the University
Magazine. Third, and most important, all the alumni should
become members of the Association and pay two dollars each
for the purpose of aiding poor students. The organization
heretofore formed has about 400 members, of whom about
seventy-five are honorary, never having been at the University.
About $1,200 has already been paid in on the subscription of
1891. It is believed that $3,000 or $4,000 could be obtained by
bringing the matter to the attention of all alumni. The Execu-
tive Committee, President Winston, and Professor Alderman
472 History of University of North Carolina.
have helped about twenty young men. One fellowship of $200
has been awarded. Dr. Mclver closed with an eloquent de-
scription of the cruelties of ignorance — even honest ignorance.
The memorial address of Col. Alfred Moore Waddell on
Col. W. L. Saunders, which followed, was very eloquent,
worthy of the career of its subject, one of the warmest and
wisest friends the University has had, one of the most promi-
nent in lifting it from its ruins and starting it on its new course
of usefulness and honor. His editorial experiences, his cau-
tious yet wise counsels, President Battle acknowledged with
gratitude as of inestimable aid in meeting the difficulties which
constantly confronted him in his labors for the revival of the
University. Colonel Waddell did not exaggerate when he said :
"If, therefore, any North Carolinian ever deserved to be re-
membered with gratitude for his public service it was he. His
whole life from boyhood to the day of his death, through evil
and good report, in adversity and prosperity, was devoted to
the work of sustaining and defending her honor and the wel-
fare of her people. He was never disconcerted by difficulties
and never lost his balance, but always kept a clear head and
maintained a calm self-possession. He knew exactly when
to speak, and when to be silent, and his capacity for patient
listening amounted to genius. * * * Conservative, cau-
tious and modest, his judgments were apt to stand without re-
vision.
"As commander of a regiment in the Civil War he was
prompt in every duty, gallant in conflict, patient in suffering
under grievous wounds. His last words on earth were an ex-
pression of unselfishness. The sister of his wife, who died
soon after marriage, was giving him small quantities of some
medicine. He found himself unable to swallow. With a
cheerful laugh he said 'Old lady ! you have done your best,'
and expired."
A most interesting effort at reunion was that of the Class of
1842. called by one of its members, Dr. J. J. Summerell, of
Salisbury. Having married Ellen, daughter of Dr. Elisha
Mitchell, he was always regarded, and regarded himself, as
peculiarly connected with the University. The absence of class-
Commencement of 1892. 473
mates was a striking evidence of the ravages of time. Not one
except himself could answer at rollcall.
The decennial reunion of the Class of 1882 was held as
proposed.
The orations of the representatives of the two societies were
delivered on Tuesday evening. S. F. Austin spoke on "Saxon
Ideas in America" ; F. C. Harding on the "Conflict of Forces" ;
T. J. Cooper on ''Footprints of Individuals"; W. P. M. Currie,
"Scotch .Characters"; W. P. Wooten, "The Future of South-
ern Europe." F. P. Eller had been elected, but sickness pre-
vented his speaking. He died a few days afterwards — a most
promising student. Messrs. Austin, Wooten, and Harding
were Philanthropies, the others Dialectics. The judges decided
that Mr. Harding was best.
Immediately after the speaking Mr. Locke Craig presented
to the Philanthropic Society an oil portrait of Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor Stedman. An oil portrait of Chief Justice Richmond M.
Pearson, of the Class of 1823, was presented to the Dialectic
Society by his son, Hon. Richmond Pearson, who would have
been one of our graduates if the University had been open in
his student days.
The ninety-seventh annual Commencement Day, 1892, was
held on June 1st, opened with prayer by Rev. Dr. Hume and a
hymn by the congregation led by the band, the beautiful hymn
beginning, "Awake my soul, stretch every nerve." There were
seven Senior speakers, selected by combination of scholarship
and oratory.
Wallace E. Rollins, "Prophets, Past and Present."
George W. Connor, "Truth and Tradition."
George Henry Crowell, "Ideal Manhood."
Leonard C. Van Noppen, "False Verdicts of History."
Plato Collins, "Reformers Before the Reformation."
William E. Darden, "A Political Anachronism."
Frank Carter Mebane, "The Philosopher and the Apostle."
Mr. Mebane would have been Valedictorian under the old
regime, being the best scholar in the class.
The judges, selected from prominent visitors, awarded the
victory to Mr. George H. Crowell. It is remarkable that when
474 History of University of North Carolina.
he came to the University, a green and rather awkward lad, he
told a friend that he intended to try to win the Mangum Medal.
By hard study and practice in speaking in his society and else-
where, he not only succeeded in this, but carried off the Repre-
sentative Medal in his Junior year. After successfully admin-
istering the Graded Schools of High Point he became a Profes-
sor in Oklahoma.
The Secretary of the Treasury, Hon. J. G. Carlisle, had
agreed to address the graduates. He was detained by sickness,
and Hon. Hannis Taylor, of Alabama, an alumnus of 1868,
kindly took his place. After some reminiscence of his life at
Chapel Hill, to which he had come as a refugee after Burn-
side's capture of New Bern, and paying a tender tribute to his
old co-fisherman, Foster Utley, he spoke earnestly and strongly
of the blessings of American citizenship and our duties as
citizens.
Degrees were then conferred as follows :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 7
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 3
Bachelor of Science (B.S.) 1
Bachelors of Letters (B.Lit.) 2
Bachelors of Engineering (B.E.) 2
Bachelor of Laws (B.L.) 1
Total (see Appendix) 16
Certificates for Special Proficiency:
In English to H. A. Banks and W. D. Buie.
In Latin to F. C. Mebane and W. E. Darden.
In Greek to F. C. Mebane, J. C. Biggs, and F. L. Willcox.
In Mathematics to F. L. Willcox.
The Representative Medal was won by F. C. Harding.
The Hume Essay Medal by C. F. Harvey.
The Philosophical Prize by William D. Buie.
The History Prize by Leonard C. Van Noppen.
The Greek Prize by D. T. I. Wilson.
The Mathematical Prize by W. T. Wooten.
The Mangum Medal by George H. Crowell.
Dr. Charles G. Hill, of Baltimore, a native of Louisburg,
N. C, had offered a prize of $100 for the best thesis in North
Commencement of 1892. 475
Carolina History. It was won by Mr. Edwin M. Wilson, his
thesis being "The Congressional Career of Nathaniel Macon."
This was afterwards published in the second issue of the James
Sprunt Monographs.
The Chief Marshal was J. C. Biggs, a Philanthropic. His
assistants from his own society were Julian E. Ingle, Jr., W. B.
Snow, and R. J. Southerland. The Dialectic assistants were
A. S. Barnard, K. A. Jones, and John A. Gilmer, Jr.
The Ball Managers were Victor H. Boyden, Chief, a Dia-
lectic; Samuel A. Ashe, Jr., E. A. Myers, Lawrrence O'B. Jones,
of the Philanthropic, and Alexander B. Andrews, Jr., C. E.
Shelton, and Thomas Ruffin, Dialectics.
The newspaper correspondent announced the close of the
festivities as follows : "Long before the gay dancers dreamed
of it, the gray streaks of dawn announced the approach of day;
the band very softly and very sweetly began to play that most
beautiful of all waltzes, 'Home, Sweet Home,' and as the last
sweet strains died away the Commencement of '92 was at an
end."
New Members of the Faculty in 1891-92.
In i89i-'92 President Winston had charge of Political and
Social Science, Prof. Holmes of Geology and Mineralogy,
Henry Van Peters Wilson, Ph.D., of Biology, and Karl Pom-
eroy Harrington of the Latin Language and Literature. The
new Instructors were Hunter L. Harris, in Mineralogy and
Geology, and Howard Burton Shaw in Mathematics and Draw-
ing. The new Assistants were Charles Baskerville and Arthur
I. Edwards in the Chemical Laboratory, Howard A. Banks in
English, Thomas R. Foust in the Physical Laboratory, Shep-
ard Bryan and Frank P. Batchelor in the Library. Dr. Alex-
ander was Librarian. Professor Gore, Secretary and Registrar.
The Rules Revised.
The Lmiversity rules were much changed at the instance of
President Winston, and some old rules reenacted. Most of the
changes are here noted : Gratuities are adopted, i. e., the priv-
ilege of being absent a certain number of times from recita-
476 History of University of North Carolina.
tions or Prayers, without being called to account. Students are
allowed thirteen absences from recitations in the fall, seventeen
in the spring term, and seven absences from Prayers in the fall
and nine in the spring term. Gratuities (or Grats) are not to
exceed one-fourth in any study.
A student taking no gratuities on lectures during the term
may deduct one from the number of hours of elective studies
during the Junior or Senior year.
In estimating grades the term standing counts one-half; the
final examination the same.
Tardiness in returning at the beginning of a term, unac-
counted for, shall be counted in estimating class standing.
No absence from the Hill is allowed except with the written
permission of the President.
No substitutions in studies may be made except those al-
lowed in the catalogue.
Grades below fifty require taking the study again.
Grades over fifty and less than seventy require reexamina-
tion.
Rooms are to be inspected before the end of the session and
damages paid for. Deposits are required of two dollars an-
nually for damages to rooms.
Students must not have pistols.
Fifteen recitations and lectures a week are required, as a
rule, but the Faculty may allow more or less.
Students on probation can have no gratuities, nor leave the
Hill, nor take part in match games or musical concerts.
Old students must register within twenty-four hours and new
students within forty-eight hours after reaching the Hill.
University Day, 1892.
On the 1 2th of October (University Day), Mr. Alexander
Graham, Superintendent of the Graded Schools of Charlotte,
delivered a well considered address on "Education in North
Carolina," which was all the more appreciated because he was
one of the pioneers of graded schools in the State. His wise
counsels were founded on experience.
At night President Winston gave a general reception in the
Athletic Victories. 477
Gymnasium, which was of great benefit in introducing the stu-
dents and the Faculty to a more intimate and pleasant acquaint-
ance with one another.
Football in 1892.
In the Fall of 1892, under Captain Michael Hoke, a son of
the eminent Confederate General, R. F. Hoke, the football team
won notable victories, losing only once, to the University of
Virginia in October, at Richmond, by a score of 30 to 18. It
then became the superior of any in the South, defeating Rich-
mond College 40 to o. Trinity 24 to o. Alabama A. and M.
64 to o, Vanderbilt 24 to o, and the University of Virginia,
a second game, at Atlanta on November 26, 26 to o.
It is true that the University of Virginia had been victor in
the first, or championship game, and our triumph was in an
exhibition game, but that did not prevent the general exulta-
tion. A committee was appointed to arrange for a banquet,
another to decorate and send to University Station a special
train to meet the players. When it reached Chapel Hill the
students enthusiastically converted themselves into equines and
drew the carriages from the station to the Campus. Presi-
dent Winston, Captain Michael Hoke, and Mr. Charles Basker-
ville, manager of the team, were in the leading carriage. The
shouts of
Rah! Rah! White,
Rah! Rah! Blue.
Hoopla! Hoopla! N. C. U.
rang out on the Campus until a late hour.
A few days afterwards the banquet was given to the vic-
torious team. President Winston, absent at Asheville deliver-
ing an address, sent a stirring letter. Howard Rondthaler was
toastmaster. The Faculty Athletic Committee responded to
toasts, viz., Dr. Venable to "The Team," Dr. Baskerville to
"Our Captain" (Hoke), Dr. Alexander to "Our Manager,"
and Professor Williams to "Athletics." The students who re-
sponded were Captain Mike Hoke on "Our Sponsors," and
Perrin Busbee on "Our Scrub Team."
478 History of University of North Carolina.
Renewed Attacks on the University.
The attack on appropriations to the University was renewed.
In i892-'93 it was urged that certain colleges had been en-
dowed by members of religious denominations and the Uni-
versity out of funds provided by the State had the same stand-
ards of admission and virtually the same curriculum. This
was denied by the University, but investigation should be had
and, if found to be true, should it not step up higher or step
down and out ?
Moreover it was charged but denied that the University
actually competes with the academies. "Tuition is absolutely
given to nine students and virtually to twenty-seven others."
And the correspondent asked plaintively: "Are we living in
democratic North Carolina, or have we been consigned to the
realms of the Czar?"
The newspaper correspondent was peculiarly shocked at
giving tuition to the sons of ministers. In his imagination a
Turk from Constantinople, or a Mormon from Utah might
thus obtain the bounty of the State. He contended, moreover,
that, as the State stopped the manufacture of shoes in the peni-
tentiary so as not to compete with the makers of clothing for
the feet outside of its walls, so the State should stop the train-
ing of the brain in her University so far as similar training is
done in the colleges. It is a great hardship, it was urged, to
make those who support these colleges pay taxes for the sup-
port of the University. And if money can be voted from the
public treasury for the education of those intending to be min-
isters, it follows that it can be voted for the support of pastors,
which will be "the dim image of that grim horror, a State
Church."
To these expostulations there were plain answers, (i) The
Constitution of 1776 ordered the General Assembly to establish
"one or more universities," and the promoters of the colleges
incorporated afterwards had full notice of the power and duty
of the State. Having such notice they had no reason to com-
plain. (2) That the supply of student material was practically
unlimited and it was only necessary to arouse the spirit of edu-
Renewed Attacks ox the University. 479
cation in order that all institutions of higher learning should
have reasonably good patronage. (3) This arousing of the
spirit of education could best be done by the State showing its
appreciation of higher training by increasing the prosperity of
its own University. All this has been found to be true, and
the panicky fears have died away.
In order to carry out the views of the adversaries of the Uni-
versity a bill was introduced into the General Assembly, en-
titled "A Bill to Unify the Higher Education in the State and
to elevate the University to the Apex of all Education in the
State." It was provided that the Freshman Class should be
abolished in eighteen months, the Sophomore Class in four
years thereafter, and the Junior and Senior classes in ten years
from the introduction of the bill, and the University should
then teach no undergraduate branches of learning, except
such as may be necessary and constituent parts of postgradu-
ate, professional, technical, and special finishing courses.
In order to compensate the University for the tuition of un-
dergraduate classes the present $20,000 a year should continue
and there should be granted an additional $3,000 each year
for ten years, until the entire appropriation shall be $50,000 a
year. It was further proposed that the colleges of the State
should be forbidden to grant postgraduate degrees, except
honorary degrees, and that the provisions of this bill should
limit the charters of the institutions affected. The final clause
is quite unusual, showing the earnestness of the draughtsman,
Rev. Dr. Shearer, President of Davidson, "This act to take
effect from and after its passage, the public good requiring it."
An editorial in a leading newspaper is a sensible comment
on this extraordinary proposition. It was characterized as "the
wildest scheme that we have known introduced in the Legisla-
ture in our experience of public affairs. It should be entitled
'A Bill to Abolish the University.' There is no institution in
America of the sort proposed. Harvard, Yale, Columbia,
Johns Hopkins, etc., have undergraduate classes. Our people
would not pay taxes for such an institution. There are only
five postgraduates in the University. Its doors would be closed
to the vouth of nine-tenths of the counties in North Carolina.
480 History of University of North Carolina.
We do not wonder that some people understand it to be a
scheme to move the University to Apex (a village in Wake
County). The University is doing admirable work for the
State. It has a standard of scholarship which is recognized at
Harvard University to be equal to the standards of Yale, Co-
lumbia, Cornell, and other great Universities. It is fully
abreast of the University of Virginia. It is helping our poor
boys with scholarships. It is helping to build up our public
schools. It is in sympathy with our people. It is friendly to
all the colleges. It is a glory, an honor, and a strength to
North Carolina. It has an honorable career that runs through
a century and it is now entering upon a new career that will
be greater and nobler. Let the State guard it, love it, and
treasure it forever."
The defeat of Dr. Shearer's bill was aided by the publication
of an anonymous letter pretending to be written by a citizen
of Cary, a village in Wake County, near the village of Apex,
protesting heatedly against the removal of the University to
Apex, and giving sundry reasons for the preference of Cary.
The Joint Committee of the General Assembly on Education
in 1893 gave a hearing to all who desired to be heard. It was
admitted that President Winston came out victorious. The
General Assembly decided to add to the existing appropriation
$10,000 for repairs of the buildings of the University.
Rev. C. Durham advocated the bill, but his position
was much weakened by a question put to him by a Republican
Member. Mr. Durham was a firm Democrat. A Democratic
candidate for the General Assembly (Mr. Busbee) was
a University man. His opponent, a Republican, was
against further State aid. A Republican Committeeman, after
Mr. Durham's speech against the University, inquired, "How
did you vote in the recent campaign?" "I voted for Mr. Bus-
bee," was the answer. "Well, you do not vote as you shoot."
Although it was to Mr. Durham's credit to keep his party con-
sistency, the effect of his anti-University speech was much
weakened by the incident. His opposition to "State aid" was
inferior to party fealty.
President Winston's zeal procured for him the distinction of
Renewed Attacks on the University. 481
being publicly criticized on the floor of the Senate by the Sen-
ator from Guilford. In his zeal for the interest of the Uni-
versity he stepped beyond the imaginary rail of the House in
order to give some information to one of his friends. There
was probably a rule against this, but it was obsolete, and was
often broken. The constituents of the Members exercised the
right to communicate with them, sometimes by visiting them at
their chambers, sometimes by inviting them into the lobby,
sometimes, when invited, by speaking to them at their seats.
The Senator from Guilford took offense and protested against
what he considered a breach of the privileges of the House.
For all this the plucky President cared not a groat, but, having
secured his appropriation, returned to Chapel Hill rejoicing.
Dr. Winston's Argument.
For the information of the General Assembly of 1893 Presi-
dent Winston caused to be printed an argument showing the
work done by the University for the people of the State and
the duty of the General Assembly to support it. With the
exception of a few sentences heretofore -quoted I give the paper
in full :
I. The Constitution Demands It. — The present Constitution,
Article IX, section 6, says: "The General Assembly shall provide
for the election of trustees of the University of North Carolina, in
whom when chosen shall be vested all the privileges, rights, fran-
chises and endowments thereof, in anywise granted to or conferred
upon the trustees of said University, and the General Assembly
may make such provisions, laws and regulations, from time to time,
as may be necessary and expedient for the maintenance and man-
agement of said University."
And section 7 of the same Article says: "The General Assembly
shall provide that the benefits of the University, as far as prac-
ticable, be extended to the youth of the State free of expense for
tuition; also that all the property which has heretofore accrued to
the State, or shall hereafter accrue, from escheats, unclaimed divi-
dends, or distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons shall
be appropriated to the University."
II. The University is a State Institution and State Prop-
erty.— In obedience to the mandate of the Constitution, the Uni-
versity was established one hundred years ago. It is not a separate
31
482 History of University of North Carolina.
isolated institution, but belongs to tbe State system of public insti-
tutions, and is as fully the property of the State as the asylums, the
Penitentiary, the Agricultural and Mechanical College, the Capitol,
or the Supreme Court building. Like other State institutions, it
should be guarded, supported, and properly managed. Relying upon
the promise of the State to maintain and guard the University,
various citizens have from time to time given lands, buildings,
money, and apparatus, in trust to be used forever for the purpose
of a University. The State has accepted the trust, and is bound in
honor to fulfill it. The property can never be used for other pur-
poses. It includes six hundred acres of land, fourteen buildings, a
library of forty thousand books, valuable scientific apparatus, and
about ninety thousand dollars of invested funds. Its total valuation
is about half a million dollars. Liberal support of the University
will attract generous endowment, but scant support will both repel
philanthropy and check its growth.
Harvard University received support from the State of Massa-
chusetts for two hundred years, until it attracted a large endowment
fund, and needed no further aid. It now has an income larger than
the State of North Carolina, and gives away seventy thousand dol-
lars annually to poor boys.
III. The University is the Best Property the State Owns. — It
has added nearly five hundred thousand dollars to the educational
wealth of the State by attracting donations of lands, buildings,
books, apparatus, and money. It keeps at least two hundred young
men from annually going to other States for an education, thus
saving to North Carolina about one hundred thousand dollars each
year, perhaps one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, as the ex-
penses at the North are much greater than with us.
During the suspension of the University, soon after the war, the
University of Virginia, Princeton, Cornell. Yale, and Harvard were
crowded with North Carolina boys. Now but few of our boys are
abroad except in technical and professional schools. The proper
expansion of the University will keep these also at home.
The State should aim to furnish within its own borders complete
educational advantages for all its citizens.
IV. The University Educates many Poor Boys, who Otherwise
could not get an Education. — During the past two years it has
loaned $3,849.25 from the Deems Fund, thereby aiding fifty-five
needy students.
During the past twenty years it has aided about eight hundred
needy young men by loans or scholarships.
It is now giving free tuition to one hundred and twenty-six stu-
dents, who could not otherwise be educated. Of these, forty-two
are preparing to teach. Fully one-third of the students in the Uni-
Dr. Winston's Argument. 483
versity are aided by loans, scholarships or labor, and over one-third
are supporting themselves by money which they themselves have
earned or have been forced to borrow. The spirit of self-help is so
strong at the University that thirty-three students, even while pur-
suing their studies, are at the same time supporting themselves
wholly or in part by labor. They manage boarding clubs, set type,
work in laboratories, serve as stenographers and typewriters, sell
books and clothing, give private instruction to other students, teach
classes in the village, clerk in the stores, and do many other kinds
of work. The following brief statements, prepared by the young
men themselves, will give an idea of the spirit of economy that pre-
vails at the University, as well as the spirit of self-reliance that
enables so many poor boys to get a university education. It is not
exaggeration to say that the University, by its loan funds, scholar-
ships, and opportunities for labor makes it possible for any worthy
boy, however poor, to obtain in North Carolina as good an educa-
tion as rich boys obtain elsewhere.
Statements by Stcdexts.
(No. 1.) Started on twenty dollars. Now is self-supporting.
"In September, 1893, I started to the University, having twenty
dollars. On reaching there I borrowed fifty dollars from the Deems
Fund and afterwards fifty-nine dollars from a friend. I made fifty-
five dollars during the spring term by working and by teaching.
On returning this year I borrowed fifty dollars from the Deems
Fund. I am now teaching pupils in the village at odd hours, and
am making enough to meet all my expenses and pay off some of last
year's debt. I have a scholarship."
(No. 2.) Keeps house, pays all college expenses, supports wife
and three children, all on three hundred dollars a year.
"I am thirty-three years old, have a wife and three children,
moved here from Johnston County, and keep house. My only prop-
erty is a small farm, yielding sixty dollars a year. I saved a little
money from teaching a free school. My money will last me until
April, when I shall borrow from the Deems Fund. My expenses
are twenty-five dollars a month. This includes house rent, wood,
books, clothing, all for myself and family. I have averaged teach-
ing, as near as I can guess, four months in each year for the last
ten years. My ambition is to be a successful teacher. I have a
scholarship."
(No. 3.) Made eighty-five dollars on farm and earns twenty-five
dollars at University.
"I saved eighty-five dollars which I made on the farm, and I bor-
rowed one hundred and fifty dollars. I earn twenty-five dollars a
year by labor here. My expenses last year were two hundred and
forty dollars; this year (for half a year) sixty-four dollars."
484 History of University of North Carolina.
(No. 4.) Worked at carpenter's trade.
"Before coming to the University I worked at the carpenter's trade
and saved enough money to pay three-fourths of my expenses. I
borrowed the other fourth."
(No. 5.) Assists in a boarding club and lives on $32.75.
"I am earning my board by assisting in a club. My total expenses
are $32.75 for half year."
(No. 6.) Saved all his money teaching public school.
"My total expenses have been $70.60 (half year), and I saved it all
teaching public school."
(No. 7.) "My expenses for half year are $62.90. I made the
money school teaching."
(No. 8.) Lived on one meal a day.
"I entered the University four years ago, and lived for a while on
one meal a day. I had only five dollars. I was kindly aided by the
Faculty and students and citizens until I got work. I have borrowed
some little money from the Deems Fund and from kind friends, and
by laboring hard have managed to pull through for four years. I
shall graduate in June."
(No. 9.) Waits on table and sets type.
"I support myself almost entirely by waiting on table and setting
type. I give my note for tuition."
(No. 10.) Sets type. Supports himself entirely.
"I support myself entirely by setting type. I set type all the time,
except when reciting and attending lectures. I study at night."
(No. 11.) Earns half his expenses by clerical and stenographic
work.
"My total expenses for last term were about one hundred dollars,
and I earned fifty dollars by doing clerical and stenographic work
at odd hours."
(No. 12.) Sells clothing and cuts wood.
"I sell clothing by sample and cut wood. During the summer I
sold books. Last year I helped cure tobacco. I borrow a small sum
from the Deems Fund."
(No. 13.) Manages boarding club.
"I pay my board by managing a club and all my other expenses
with money I earned by teaching last year. Total expenses one
hundred and twenty-five dollars, exclusive of board."
(No. 14.) "I made twenty-five dollars teaching and borrowed the
rest from the Deems Fund."
(No. 15.) "I make fifty dollars a year selling clothing."
(No. 16.) Painter and decorator.
"I am living partly on money earned by painting and partly on
borrowed money. Total expenses, $65.75 (half year)."
(No. 17.) Sold fruit trees and taught school.
"I am paying my own expenses with money that I made selling
Dr. Winston's Argument. 485
fruit trees and teaching school. Total expenses (half year) seventy
dollars."
(No. 18.) A painter. Best scholar in his class.
"I earned some money painting the University buildings last
summer, and I have private classes, which pay part of my expenses.
The rest I pay by a loan from the Deems Fund. I have a scholar-
ship."
(No. 19.) "I have been encouraged and helped both by Faculty
and students in trying to work my way through at the University.
I worked on a farm and made some money before coming here.
Make my board by managing a club. Total expenses (half year),
twenty-five dollars."
(No. 20.) Couldn't get help elsewhere.
"I am going on a scholarship and am to get a loan of fifty dollars.
1 am able to attend the University only on these terms. Could not
have possibly attended otherwise. I would not have gone to any
college, as I could not get such assistance."
Fully one-half of the men in the University are of the condition
and character suggested by the above statements. The list is given
as samples of the sort of men that come to the University and of the
ways that they earn a support here.
If the University is forced to rely entirely upon tuition fees for
its support, it can not continue to aid the talented poor boys of
North Carolina.
The following unsolicited letter speaks for itself. The young
man is without a father, is very talented, and is going through col-
lege partly by labor and partly by loans from the Deems Fund. He
has a scholarship.
Chapel Hill, N. C. December 20, 1894.
President Geo. T. Winston.
"Dear Sir: — The first term of this scholastic year has ended, and
I think it my duty to thank you most gratefully for the help you
have given me and the kindness you showed me when I first came.
When I got out of money and had to have books, you kindly lent
me some and put yourself to no little inconvenience in many ways
to help me; when I was naturally homesick and despondent you
gave me much encouragement and good advice, which could only
be repaid by the gratefulness of my heart. Let me thank you again
and again for the kindnesses you have shown me and substantial
pecuniary aid you have given. Just at the time when I was about
to give up all hope of a university education, you came to my aid,
and now I am determined that such an education shall be mine.
Before I came here I had written to many schools, stating my con-
dition and asking for work to pay my way, and being answered
486 History of University of North Carolina.
very coldly by all of them but one, I was disheartened, but you
appreciated my condition and gave me the coveted aid.
Feeling a thankfulness in my heart which can not be expressed
on paper, and being determined that my life shall be such an one
as to cause you no regret for the kindness you have shown and the
aid you have given me,
I am, gratefully yours,
To shut off such men from opportunities of higher education is
to deprive North Carolina of strong leaders in all professions and
occupations. It is not only false economy, but is contrary to the
noblest impulses of humanity. But for the University at least one
hundred and twenty-five poor boys annually would be unable to
obtain the benefits of higher education. Shall the doors of the in-
stitution be closed to such men as these? What corresponding gain
would the State thereby receive?
The University costs the State very little and the Average Taxpayer
Contributes less than four cents a Year for its Support.
The University received from the State last year thirty thousand
dollars, being twenty thousand dollars regular and ten thousand
dollars special appropriation. The regular appropriation, if col-
lected per capita, would amount to less than one and a quarter cents
per annum to each inhabitant; but the tax is levied entirely by
property, and the mass of the people in the State really contribute
nothing to its support. A man who pays only poll tax contributes
nothing. A man listed at $100 pays less than three-fourths of a
cent annually to the regular appropriation, at $500 less than four
cents, at $1,000 less than eight cents, at $5,000 less than forty cents.
About nine-tenths of the taxpayers pay less than eight cents a year
for an appropriation of twenty thousand dollars to the support of
the University.
The University costs the State less than similar institutions else-
where.
The State of Virginia makes the following annual appropriations
(for whites), not including sums appropriated for repairs:
University of Virginia $40,000
Virginia Military Institute 30,000
State Female Normal College 15,000
William and Mary College and Male Normal. . . 15,000
Medical College 5,000
Total $105,000
Dr. Winston's Argument. 487
South Carolina appropriates for whites:
Clemson College $50,000
South Carolina College 30,000
Citadel 20,000
Winthrop Normal 7,500
Total $107,500
North Carolina appropriates for whites:
University of North Carolina (being $20,000
regular and $10,000 special) $30,000
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts 17,000
Normal and Industrial College 12,000
Cullowhee Normal 1,500
Total $61,500
North Carolina thus appropriated last year only $61,500 to the
higher education of the whites against $105,500 appropriated by
Virginia and $107,500 by South Carolina. The white population of
South Carolina is not half as large as that in our State, and yet
the State appropriates nearly twice as much money annually.
Virginia's white population is not so large as ours, but its appro-
priation is nearly twice as much.
For white higher education last year:
West Virginia appropriated $100,000
Connecticut 80,000
Vermont 32,000
Pennsylvania 130,000
New York 506,000
California 194,000*
Kansas 96,000
Ohio 123,000
Michigan 351,000
Minnesota 174,000
Illinois 137,000
Colorado 250,000
Nebraska 178,000
•Besides tax of one per cent on S100 for University.
The list might be extended. Appropriations for the higher edu-
cation of the colored race are also larger elsewhere than in North
Carolina.
VI. The University is the Head of the Public School System,
and is Essential to a Complete System. — Every State in the Union
has a University as the head of its school system. This is logical
488 History of University of North Carolina.
and necessary and North Carolina can not afford to be the only
exception. It would be false economy, indeed, to spend nearly
$800,000 annually on the public school system and then deprive it
of its natural and logical head.
All the forces and influences of the University have been con-
stantly exerted and are now at work to increase the public school
system. To take away from the head of the system the small sum
necessary to its support and supply that sum to the body of the
system would work little good and much evil. The public school
term would not be lengthened two days.
The University supplies the State annually with a large number
of teachers for both public and private schools, and is now main-
taining a special department for the training of teachers and a
summer school for the better training of those who are already
teaching and are unable to attend the regular sessions. During the
present year one hundred and twelve students who are teachers, or
who expect to teach, have attended these schools. Their work as
teachers will more than repay the State for the expense of their
tuition at the University.
The University thus saves the State the expense of a separate
normal school for male teachers, which in other States costs more
than our entire University.
VII. The University is Non-partisan, Non-sectarian, and is
Essential to the State.- — The State must educate its youth for citi-
zenship. It must have higher education as well as lower.
Especially is there need of at least one State institution for higher
education where men of all sections, political parties, creeds, and
conditions may meet on a level of perfect equality, enjoying the very
best educational opportunities and inspired with a common love of
North Carolina and ambition to serve her interest.
The names of University alumni prominent in all parties, churches,
professions, trades, and occupations prove that it is an institution
of this character.
That the State needs a University is shown by its growth.
The large attendance at the University shows that it is doing its
work faithfully and is supplying a genuine need in North Carolina
for such an institution. During the last four years there has been
marked increase, as follows:
1891 198 students.
1892 248 students.
1893 316 students.
1894 389 students.
1895 462 students.
Surely there is need of an institution that attracts four hundred
and sixty-two students, of whom one hundred and two are teaching
Dr. Winston's Argument. 489
or preparing to teach, over one hundred and twenty-five are edu-
cating themselves eithe~r by their own efforts or by borrowed money,
over thirty are largely or entirely self-supporting by their own
labors while at the same time pursuing their studies.
The value of such an institution is simply incalculable. Is it any
exaggeration to say that the University yields the State larger re-
turns than come from any other equal investment of public funds?
And would it not be very difficult to show what corresponding gain
would attend the destruction or crippling of such an institution?
VIII. The Necessity for State Aid — Shall the University go
Forward or Backward? — Without State aid the University can not
exist. Its regular income is about forty thousand dollars, of which
the State regularly furnishes half. The University of Virginia has
an income of over one hundred and ten thousand dollars. Harvard's
income last year was a million and a quarter dollars. The Univer-
sity is just now getting to the point of efficiency; it needs better
equipment in several departments, and it is struggling manfully
forward. With an income about one-third as large as the University
of Virginia our University is doing a work that compares well with
that institution. The affairs of the University are conducted in the
most economical manner consistent with efficient instruction and
respectable scholarship. A special committee of the Board of Trus-
tees visits it each year, inspects its workings and examines its
accounts. The committee for last year was composed of Rev. J. L.
Stewart, chairman; Hon. R. A. Doughton, Hon. W. T. Faircloth,
D. G. Worth, Esq., R. T. Gray, Esq. Of the financial management
they reported, "No evidence of extravagance or mismanagement
appears."
Every department of the University is managed at less expense
than in other institutions of similar grade. The salaries of the
professors are lower than in other Southern universities and far
lower than in Northern universities. Already the University has
lost valuable men who have been attracted to other States by larger
salaries. The University badly needs expansion and equipment in
several departments, but lack of means prevents. The cutting off of
this special appropriation will cripple it. It needs ten thousand
dollars annually more than its present regular income.
If we are to have a University at all, of what kind shall it be?
Shall it be inferior to all other State universities, or shall it steadily
grow until it is equal to the best anywhere? How will it promote
education to destroy or cripple the University? Will other colleges
be made richer thereby? Can they help more poor boys? Will the
general idea of education be promoted by striking down the head of
the system of education?
The decrease of the appropriation below twenty thousand dollars
will cripple the University very badly, and force it into more active
490 History of University of North Carolina.
competition with the other colleges; will cause fees to be raised
higher, thus driving off men of small means; will render it impossi-
ble to aid so many poor boys; and will at one blow undo the work
of twenty years. What corresponding gain will compensate for
these evils?
Reorganizing in 1875 with seven teachers and sixty-nine students,
it has grown and struggled until now it has twenty-seven teachers
and four hundred and sixty-two students, is acknowledged to be one
of the leading Universities of the South, and is beginning to attract
patronage from all over the Union. Is this the time to destroy it?
If it is destroyed, what benefits will result to the State?
Is it possible that the saving of three or four cents to the average
property holder will compensate for the destruction of such an in-
stitution? The State needs rather to build up its entire educational
system, strengthening it at every point, until North Carolina's boys
and girls have as good opportunities for education as are given in
other States.
Answers to Some of the Objections Against the University.
Objection 1. Has the State a right to aid higher education?
Answer. — This right was expressly given in the first Constitution,
and has been renewed in every subsequent Constitution. It has
been acted on by North Carolina for one hundred years, and is now
acted on by every State in the Union. It is a universally estab-
lished and universally practiced principle of government throughout
the entire Union. Indeed, all civilized people have accepted and
acted on this principle, from the time when Moses and Daniel were
fitted for the duties of higher citizenship by their respective govern-
ments, to the time when Jefferson founded the University of Vir-
ginia and "Washington proposed a National University. The denial
of this right is really the denial of the State's right to establish any
school or to give any education. It has the right to give as much
education as it deems proper, expedient or necessary. Every State
has the right to provide for its own welfare and perpetuity, and
education is the surest means to that end.
Objection 2. Is it expedient for North Carolina to aid higher
education? That is, can the State afford the expense?
Answer. — The aid to the University last year cost the State thirty
thousand dollars (twenty thousand dollars regular and ten thousand
dollars special), being an expense to the average taxpayer of less
than four cents a year for the regular appropriation. The Univer-
sity saves to the State at least one hundred thousand dollars a year-
besides adding five hundred thousand dollars to its permanent wealth
by attracting philanthropy. There is reason to believe that still
further and larger gifts will be made, if philanthropists are assured
Dr. Winston's Argument. 491
that the institution will be cherished and guarded by the State.
But philanthropists can not be expected to aid an institution con-
trolled by the State wbich the State itself refuses to aid. Why
should private citizens invest money In a State institution, if the
State formallv declares such institution unworthy of support?
Objection 3. Has the University a right to be religious? And,
if not, should it be allowed to exist?
Answer. — The University has a right to be religious, and it is
religious. It is distinctively Christian, but not denominational. In
this respect it is like other State institutions; i. e., the Legislature,
which opens its daily sessions with Christian prayers, and the
Supreme Court, which administers the oath on the Christian Bible.
This denial of the right to be religious would destroy the entire
public school system, would close the doors of all our State charita-
ble institutions, would permit the desecration of the Sabbath, and
would, if carried to its logical end, blot out entirely the Christian
character of our civilization. In regard to the moral and religious
character of the University, the committee of inspection for 1893,
Hon. John C. Scarborough, chairman, say: "Your committee as a
body and individually were favorably impressed with the high moral
tone of the University, as it applies to both Faculty and the students.
The morning prayers we attended impressed us as solemnly as
would a family worship before the duties of the day begin. It was
a company of joyous, hopeful, happy young men."
Objection 4. Does not the University compete with the church
colleges?
Answer. — There are about twenty colleges in the State and one
University. There is room for all and work for all. The State
aids them all by releasing them from taxation and granting what-
ever privileges they ask. Some colleges receive fully two thousand
dollars a year in this way. The State seeks no monopoly in higher
education, nor can it yield any. It can not abandon the field of
higher education entirely to church colleges. Over half of the citi-
zens of the State are not church members. Every college in the
State has been benefited by the growth of the University. Since
1875, when the University was reopened, one college has doubled its
numbers and trebled its endowment; three others have nearly
doubled their numbers; and all have largely increased. The Agri-
cultural and Mechanical College has sprung into life and numbers
two hundred and thirty students; Elon College ha^ sprung into life
with large attendance; and a great impulse has been given to edu-
cation all over the State. Honorable competition is helpful. The
University was in existence long before any college in the State. It
does not desire to damage any other institution.
492 History of University of North Carolina.
Objection 5. Does the University take boys from other colleges
by giving them scholarships?
Answer. — This charge is emphatically denied. Outside of the Law
and Medical Schools only one student, as far as is known, from
other colleges attended the University last year, and he paid tuition
and other fees in full.
Objection 6. Does the University give scholarships to rich boys?
Answer. — Not knowingly. There are several private scholarships
bought and paid for, the bestowal of which the University does not
control; but all scholarships controlled by the University are given,
so far as is known, to boys of talent, character, and poverty. If a
few undeserving boys slip in, it is an evil that may and should be
corrected; but it is no reason for abolishing or crippling the in-
stitution.
Objection 7. Should not all money now given to the University
be given to the public schools?
Answer. — If the appropriation were so given the University
would be destroyed and the public school term lengthened a day
and a half. The school system of the State, both public and private,
would be weakened and damaged by destroying its head. The Uni-
versity, by its general influence in behalf of education, by sending
out men of influence favorable to public education, by supplying the
State with teachers for both the public and private schools, by
maintaining a regular Summer School for teachers, by regularly
educating at least sixty teachers annually (this year one hundred
and twenty-five), does more good to public schools than the twenty
thousand dollars would accomplish if applied directly to the schools,
for that, as said, would support them only a day and a half.
Objection 8. Is the State being taxed to pay for private scholar-
ships?
Ansioer. — The scholarships are of two classes. Those controlled
by private individuals and those controlled by the Faculty. Each
one of these scholarships represents either sixty dollars annually
received by the University from private benefactions, or sixty dol-
lars of interest which the University would otherwise be in honor
bound to pay upon just debts. Not a single scholarship is paid for
out of funds received from the State. There are no scholarships in
the Law School, and only one in the Medical School. This latter
was established by the widow of Dr. Thomas F. Wood, as a memorial
to her husband, and is conferred annually upon that student in the
medical class who is in need of help and has made the best progress
in his studies during the year.
Objection 9. Is the University for the rich or the poor?
Answer. — The University is for both rich and poor; and both meet
within its walls on terms of perfect equality. Fully one-third of
Committee Report of 1893. 493
the students now at the University live on money earned by them-
selves or borrowed. About one-half of the students board at seven
dollars, seven and a half dollars, or eight dollars per month. The
average expenses of the last Senior class was only two hundred dol-
lars. Some students live on less than one hundred dollars a year.
The poor students enjoy all the advantages of the institution. Over
thirty students by labor are supporting themselves wholly or partly,
while attending the University. The University can not help the
poor talented boys of the State if required to support itself entirely
by tuition charges.
There is no institution in North Carolina that gives aspiring and
talented poor boys so much hope, encouragement, and aid as the
University. It is a place where all stand upon the level of manhood
and rise by the right of merit.
Joint Committee Report.
The General Assembly of 1893 appointed a joint sub-commit-
tee to visit and inspect the University. They were : Senate —
Jacob Battle, of Nash, chairman; B. F. Aycock, of Wayne;
F. G. James, of Pitt ; T. M. Cheek, of Orange ; J. H. Pou, of
Johnston. Of the House, M. H. Holt, of Guilford, chairman;
M. R. Eure, of Gates ; J. H. Parker, of Perquimans ; T. M.
Robertson, of Randolph ; J. W. Starnes, of Buncombe ; T. A.
Walker, of Rockingham; A. D. Ward, of Duplin.
The report of the committee gives the condition of the Uni-
versity at that date. It is well to copy part of it. "A Campus
of forty-eight acres and five hundred acres of forest land adja-
cent ; seven substantial brick buildings with tin roofs, one sub-
stantial brick building with shingle roof, Memorial Hall with
slate roof ; a framed building for dissecting corpses, a rented
frame building for gymnastic training, five laboratories for
practical work in chemistry, biology, physics, electrical engi-
neering, mineralogv, and geology ; four museums for work
and illustration in geology, mineralogy, chemistry, biology, and
history ; twelve recitation and lecture rooms for instruction in
fifteen departments ; ninety-nine dormitory rooms for occupa-
tion by students ; one library and reading room, a Chapel for
daily morning prayers, a Young Men's Christian Association
hall and reception room, wherein the young men meet five times
a week for worship ; two society halls for literary culture, con-
494 History of University of North Carolina.
taining over sixty portraits of the most eminent men produced
by the State. This property is valued at half a million dollars,
and nearly the whole of it has been given by philanthropists."
The committee was much pleased with the arrangements of
the Library, though it was a regret to see 3,600 or 4,000 vol-
umes piled on the floor for want of space. They saw also eigh-
teen boxes of books of the collection of Dr. Thomas F. Wood,
donated by his widow.
The committee saw the young men in the Chapel at Prayers
and in their society halls, and some in their private rooms, and
testify to their manly and courteous demeanor and to the spirit
of economy and earnestness and student brotherhood. "The
committee are entirely satisfied that the University is perform-
ing a noble duty to the State, that its power for usefulness is
steadily growing in the right direction, and that it merits the
care and support of the Legislature, as well as the esteem and
patronage of our people."
Commencement of 1893.
The Commencement of 1893 was more than usually inter-
esting. The Baccalaureate Sermon was by the Rev. Dr. F. D.
Swindell, a Presiding Elder of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. He gave the students weighty counsels in eloquent
language.
The meeting of the Alumni Association was distinguished by
two memorial addresses of uncommon excellence. The first
was by Hon. Thomas C. Fuller, alumnus of 1851, one of the
ablest jury lawyers in the State, Judge of the United States
Court of Land Claims. His subject was Hon. Joseph J. Davis,
an alumnus of 1852, a recent Judge of the Supreme Court of
this State, one of his friends and brother lawyers. He did full
justice to Judge Davis's marked integrity and purity of charac-
ter, combined with sound sense and knowledge of the law.
The second address Avas by Hon. Risden Tyler Bennett, an
ex-Member of Congress and Judge of the Superior Court, a
Colonel in General Lee's Army. In a style of peculiar strength
and picturescjueness. he depicted the features of the life and
Commencement of 1893. 495
character of a remarkable and unique man, who, without deign-
ing to employ the arts usual with politicians, by mere force of
character was elected twice to Congress, and all his life was a
leader in his community, Hon. Walter Leak Steele. Among
his other good works Colonel Steele was conspicuous for devo-
tion to the University, attending the Commencements under all
circumstances and acting on important committees in disregard
of inconvenience to his private affairs. His support of the
management was hearty and judicious and his counsels candid
and wise.
I happen to know an instance of Colonel Steele's rare devo-
tion to duty. The convention before which his name was
proposed for the nomination to Congress was held in Charlotte
in the same week of our Commencement. The Colonel, being
a Trustee of the University, elected to attend the latter. It is
pleasant to know that he did not lose the nomination by his
sacrifice.
The Class Day exercises were uncommonlv interesting. The
Introductory Oration was by Samuel F. Austin ; the His-
tory by Howard E. Rondthaler ; the Poem by Edward P. Wil-
lard ; the Prophecies by William Preston Wooten : the Valedic-
tory by James Crawford Biggs.
The Poem was a description of the selection of the site of
the University by the early Commissioners, and the traditional
dinner under the Old Poplar, together with points in the subse-
quent history of the institution. The following extracts show
its character :
I saw yon hoary poplar, whose mighty trunk
Is deeply ribbed and scarred with age and blast.
The poet proceeds to describe the dinner, eaten by Davie and
other Commissioners who chose the site of the University.
They sat under the Old Poplar.
The day seemed one of gladness and good cheer,
Around the table made of rough hewn boards,
And holding wassail high with merry speech
Of brain and brawn was matched with England's best,
And came off victorious in the fight.
496 History of University of North Carolina.
'Twas here the germ was planted in the soil
Enriched with truth and fostered with a care
Well worthy of the fruit it was to yield.
'Twas then this institution first saw light,
And like a tender plant with timidness
It entered. Methought I saw those men of might,
Davie and Moore, a Mebane and a Hill,
Stooping with kindly touch to guide aright
Their precious charge, in future years to be
The noblest plant that nature ever formed!
* * * Half a hundred years
Had come and gone, and now before me rose
A monarch of the wood, grand, o'ertopping
All its fellows, sending forth its branches
Par and wide, and roots that drew their life
From every Southern State!
And now again the vision changed; the sky
Grew dark and gloomy and from its inmost depth
Was heard the muttering, and the fitful gusts of wind
Rushed by with swiftness, like roaring demons horrible,
*****
Slowly, but surer still, giving to the world
The semblance of a life,
*****
And with a crash I saw it yield itself,
A victim to the storm, and there it stood
Stripped of its glory, a gaunt and naked shell
Of what it once had been.
Looking again, I knew that life was there.
I saw an offshoot springing up again,
Filled with vigor like its parent stock.
I saw the hand that trained this youthful plant.
*****
It was a noble hand by wisdom taught,
And moved with noble purpose — a Hand today
Honored and loved by all, a Battle's Hand.
Commencement of 1893. 497
Let us forever call our Battle, "Father."
And so gain honor to ourselves thereby.
My dream had stopped; I woke to find myself
But in the present. * * *
A Winston's at the helm — a gallant crew
Is helping him — the living freight are we.
Be not so much dead ballast, then, I plead,
But let us show our worth and be alive!
That future years, in looking back with pride,
May say of '93, "Yes! they are Men."
The representative speakers of 1893 were: Thomas B. Lee
( Di), "The Value of the Priest in History" ; William F. Hard-
ing- (Phi), "Education Opposed to Despotism"; Julian E.
Ingle (Phi), "Two Devils — Satan of Milton and Iago" ; Joe E.
Alexander (Phi), "Future of American Politics"; Louis M.
Swing (Di), "Southern Journalism"; Lytle N. Hickerson
(Di), "Natural Forces in Human Action." The judges gave
the award to Air. Harding.
The Faculty Reception was held after the speaking. It was
well attended and greatly appreciated by the alumni and their
families, inhabitants of Chapel Hill, and other visitors.
The attendance on Commencement Day was large as usual.
There were eight speeches, the orators selected by the Faculty.
They were as follows :
Z. I. Walser, "The Alan of the World." Xapoleon.
A. H. Koonce, "Ideal State." Republic.
F. C. Harding, "Mazzini, the Prophet of Italy."
V. E. Whitlock, "Robert Browning, a Prophet of the Age."
E. M. Wilson, "The Scholar in Politics." Milton.
Howard E. Rondthaler, "A Reform School." North Caro-
lina's need and duty.
J. C. Biggs, "The True American."
W. P. Wooten, "Local Self-government, the Life Boat of
Liberty."
Mr. Biggs won the favor of the judges.
The following were approved, but not delivered : A. B.
Andrews, Jr., "The Anglo-Saxon" ; S. F. Austin, "Treatment
of Criminals" ; A. S. Barnard, "Crime and Education" ; Perrin
32
498 History of University of North Carolina.
Busbee, "The Social Evil"; J. M. Cheek, "Philosophy of Social
Problems"; R. M. Davis, "Inheritance and Individuality";
A. J. Edwards, "City Water Supply" ; H. B. Ferguson, "A Na-
tional Crisis" ; M. Hoke, "The Second Empire" ; J. A. Jones,
"The Industrial Revolution"; A. McFadyen, "Religion of Our
Ancestors"; E. A. Moye, "Parties in the United States"; J. T.
Pugh, "Counter Currents" ; W. B. Snow, "Children of the
Poor"; E. P. Willard, "Relation Between Genius and Insanity."
Medals and Prizes:
Mangtjm Medal — J. Crawford Biggs.
Representative Medal — J. E. Alexander.
Essayist Medal — J. M. Cheek.
Greek Prize — T. D. Warren.
Worth Prize — J. M. Cheek.
History Prize — F. L. Willcox.
Special Certificates:
Latin — J. T. Pugh.
Greek— R. M. Davis, J. T. Pugh, W. B. Snow.
Mathematics — J. A. Jones, V. E. Whitlock, W. P. Wooten.
French— V. E. Whitlock.
Undergraduate Honors :
Junior Class: Great Honor — H. H. Home.
Honor — T. J. Wilson.
Sophomore Class: Great Honor — F. L. Carr.
Honor — J. E. Alexander, T. I. Warren.
Freshman Class: Honor — J. C. Eller.
The class was addressed by Judge Robert P. Dick, in his
usual eloquent style. The graduates numbered :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 7
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 9
Bachelors of Science ( B.S. ) 3
Bachelors of Letters (B.Litt.) 3
Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) 1
Bachelor of Laws (B.L.) 1
Total 24
The Honorary Degrees were : Doctor of Laws, Thomas C.
Fuller, Judge of United States Court of Land Claims ; James
Commencement of 1894. 499
C. MacRae, Judge Supreme Court of North Carolina ; Armi-
stead Burwell, Judge of Supreme Court of Xorth Carolina;
Eben Alexander, Minister to Greece.
Doctor of Letters, Charles D. Mclver, President of State
Normal and Industrial School for Women.
Doctor of Divinity, Gabriel Johnston, a native of North Car-
olina, Rector of a Parish in Canada.
Faculty Appointments.
At a meeting of the Board of Trustees Prof. Edwin A.
Alderman was elected Professor of History and Philosophy of
Education, and Herbert Cushman Tolman, Ph.D., of the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, author of "Cuneiform Inscriptions,"
chosen to be Professor of Sanskrit and Acting Professor of
Greek in the absence of Dr. Alexander. Collier Cobb, assistant
Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, was made full pro-
fessor.
He had been a student of Wake Forest College, of this in-
stitution, and of Harvard University, where he procured the
degrees of A.B. in 1889 and A.M. in 1894. He taught at
Harvard as Instructor and in the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology ; was for six years an Assistant in the United
States Geological Survey ; was a Lecturer on Geology in Bos-
ton University. He has published papers on the political as
well as the geological history of North Carolina, and a large
map of the State. He has contributed articles of great value
on scientific subjects to leading scientific journals.
New Instructors were : Henry Jerome Stockard, in Eng-
lish ; Clarence Greeley, in Sociology. DeBerniere Hooper
Whitaker was made Assistant in Physical Laboratory ; J. W.
Gore, Secretary and Registrar ; Professor Alderman, Li-
brarian; F. C. Harding, Assistant Librarian.
Commencement of 1894.
The Commencement of 1894 was signalized by the presence
of Hon. Hoke Smith, a Cabinet officer. Secretary of the In-
terior under Cleveland's second administration. Secretarv
500 History of University of North Carolina.
Smith resided in Chapel Hill as a school boy when his father.
Prof. H. H. Smith, was Professor of [Modern Languages, and
removed to Georgia when the University was closed in 1868.
Although then of tender years he retained a vivid recollection
of his sojourn here and had not lost his affection for the place.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Francis
J . [Murdoch, Rector of the Protestant Episcopal Church in
Salisbury. His wise instruction was all the more impressive
because, by his counsels and influence, he was known to have
induced more young men to become ministers of the Gospel
than perhaps any other minister in his church in the Southern
States.
On June 5th, Alumni Day, the first address was by Rev. Dr.
Xuma F. Reid, of the [Methodist Episcopal Church, on the Life
and Character of Rev. Charles Force Deems. D.D., LL.D.
Sketches of Dr. Deems will be found in the first volume of this
History. The tribute of Dr. Reid was appreciative and thor-
ough. He brought out in full relief the love of Dr. Deems for
the University, of which he was an honorary alumnus, and for
the people of the State, which engrossing labors and high
honors in the great metropolis had not dimmed.
In the afternoon the Seniors met in [Memorial Hall led by
Chief [Marshal John F. Shaffner, Jr. Edward W. [Myers
was president, J. Weaver, vice-president ; Holland Thomp-
son, historian ; J. O. Carr, orator ; Herbert Bingham, prophet.
The critic of the newspaper press thought well of the exercises.
The statistics of Mr. Thompson he pronounced interesting and
valuable; the prophecies of Mr. Bingham out of the usual line
of burlesque — deep, thoughtful, and of philosophical specula-
tion; the parting message of [Mr. Myers was tender, rich, and
touching, and the oration of [Mr. Carr was sensible, strong, and
one of the finest specimens of University culture.
The class song was sung and the pipe of peace was smoked
under the Old Poplar.
The society representatives spoke at night in Gerrard Hall.
They were : Herbert Bingham, "Educational Ideals" ; J. C.
Eller, "Plea for American Commerce"; L. C. Brogden, "De-
mocracv is Immortal" ; Herman H. Home, "Truth and Life" ;
Commencement of 1894. 501
Settle Dockery, "The Press and Progress" ; James O. Carr,
"Growth of the Scientific Spirit." Brogden, Home, and Carr
were Phi's, the others Di's. The judges gave their votes to
Mr. Home.
On Commencement Day Rev. Dr. Thomas H. Pritchard
opened the exercises with prayer. The graduating speeches
were :
Thomas Scott Rollins, "Two Factors of Modern Civiliza-
tion."
Alexander Caswell Ellis, "Permanence in Change."
Ernest Eugene Gillespie, "Plea for Scientific Training of
Teachers."
Thomas Bailey Lee, "The State and the Child."
Charles Leonard Van Xoppen, "Influence of Holland on
American Institutions."
William Frederick Harding, "Truth and Poetry."
The judges thought Mr. Van Xoppen's speech the best.
After the Senior speaking came the Annual Oration, by Sec-
retary of the Interior Hoke Smith. He feelingly alluded to the
ties which bound him to Chapel Hill and then fully and ably
portrayed the obligations and duties of citizens in this great
republic.
The diplomas were then conferred as follows :
Bachelors of Arts 8
Bachelors of Philosophy 7
Bachelors of Science 7
Bachelors of Letters 5
Bachelors of Laws 2
Total 29
Special Certificates:
In Greek to Thomas James Wilson, Jr.
In Latix, Alexander Caswell Ellis and Thomas James Wil-
son, Jr.
In German, Thomas Carlisle Smith, Jr.
In Mathematics, Frank Brothers McKinne.
In Geology. Charles Henry White.
502 History of University of North Carolina.
Medals and Prizes:
The HriiE Medal to George Roscoe Little.
The Maxgum Medal to Charles Leonard Van Noppen.
The Representative Medal to Herman Harrell Home.
The Hill Prize to William Cunningham Smith.
The Kerr Prize to Charles Henry "White.
The Worth Prize to Louis Melancthon Swink.
Thesis of James T. Pugh, Jr., for Master of Arts, "A Com-
parative Study of the Infinitive in the Satires of Horace and
Persius." For Doctor of Philosophy, Charles Baskerville.
His thesis was "Comparison of the Methods of Estimation and
Separation of Zirconium."
The Honorary Degrees were: Doctors of Lazvs (LL.D.), J.
H. Kirkland, Chancellor of Yanderbilt University; Augustus
S. Seymour, Judge of United States, Eastern District of North
Carolina ; Hoke Smith, Secretary of the Interior.
Doctors of Divinity (D.D.), Robert T. Bryan, President of
the Baptist University of Shanghai ; I. McK. Pittenger, Rector
of the Church of the Good Shepherd, Raleigh.
The Marshals were very efficient : William A. Graham,
Chief, Philanthropic Assistants, John E. Mattocks, Edwin C.
Gregory, Pride J. Thomas ; Dialectics, William L. Scott,
Harvey Armstrong, Frank R. Harty.
At night, prior to the ball, the Glee Club gave a concert,
lively, melodious, and greatly enjoyed by a full house.
The Mason Bequest.
On July 27, 1894, died Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Mason. Her
husband, Rev. James Pleasant Mason, a Baptist preacher, died
in June of the preceding year. She bequeathed to the Uni-
versity a tract of about eight hundred acres of land about two
miles from Chapel Hill, which had been purchased by her
grandfather from the Earl of Granville, and had been in the
possession of her family since the purchase. Her husband gave
$1,000 in money, the income of the fund to be for the educa-
tion of indigent students.
The fund is called after Martha and Varina Mason, only
children of the testators. As directed by the testators portraits
Extracts from Alumni Quarterly, 1894. 503
of them were painted, to be hung in a public hall of the Uni-
versity alongside of portraits of their parents. At present all
are in the Library.
The grandfather of Airs. Mason, once owner of the land, was
Mark Morgan, a donor of one hundred and seven acres of
woodland to be, with other lands similarly donated, the future
site of the University.
The Alum xi Quarterly.
In 1894 President Winston issued the "Alumni Quarterly,''
which was discontinued after the second number, in January,
1895. I abridge some of the articles which contain informa-
tion about the work of the University at that time. I begin
with The Library, from the pen of Professor Alderman.
For many years the libraries of the two societies and that of
the University were kept separate. The University Library
had its separate habitation. From 1835 it was ni President
Swain's lecture room on the second story of the South Build-
ing. In 1852 it was removed to Smith Hall. At sundry times,
particularly at Commencements, the books were covered with
bunting, and at no time were they used, not being such as stu-
dents cared to read. There were no new publications except
what were called "Pub. Docs." The Society Libraries until
1835 were in the dormitories of the Librarians. From that date
until 1848 they were in the third story of the South Building.
In 1848 the books were removed, the Di's to the third story
of the recently built extension of the Old West, and the Phi's
to that of the Old East. In 1856 there was a further migra-
tion to the highest stories of the New West and New East. In
1886 consolidation of the three libraries was effected, and by
the intelligent labors of Dr. Eben Alexander, assisted by stu-
dents chosen by the societies, one of whom was Benjamin
Wyche, who had been trained for this business, the triple col-
lection formed a library not unworthy of the institution. A
reading room was attached with the best periodicals and news-
papers. That the books were used is proved by the fact that
about one thousand volumes were borrowed each month.
The Library for years was under the intelligent general
504 History of University of North Carolina.
supervision of Dr. Eben Alexander, who directed the activities
of a librarian and four assistants. The total number of books
is 40,177 and more than 20,000 pamphlets. A number of gifts
have been received during the past year, the most valuable being
those of Air. Henry Weil, of Goldsboro ; Mr. J. S. Pierson, of
New York City; and Messrs. J. 0. Gant, of Burlington; H. G.
Chatham, of Elkin, and General T. F. Toon, Superintendent of
Public Instruction. The total number of newly acquired vol-
umes in 1901-02 was 1,679. On former occasions there were
valuable acquisitions of the medical libraries of Dr. Francis
Jones Smith, of Orange County ; of Dr. Thomas F. Wood, of
Wilmington, N. C, the former as a donation, the latter in con-
sideration of two scholarships, and by the generosity of Mrs.
Cornelia Phillips Spencer, the library of Rev. Dr. James Phil-
lips, her father, mainly theological, about a thousand volumes.
Mr. Henry Weil, of Goldsboro, made a gift of $1,000 to the
Library. It was expended for various improvements and for
the purchase of books to be known as "The Henry Weil Col-
lection in Political and Social Science."
In 1900, the father of our excellent Professor, Samuel May,
who died while in office, donated $500, the income of which
must be applied to the purchase of books for the department of
Modern Languages. A special case of such books has been
provided for the collection, bearing the name of our beloved
teacher, so prematurely taken from us.
Dr. Alderman succeeded Dr. Alexander in the general con-
trol. The volumes increase at the rate of about one thousand
five hundred annually.
The University Summer Schools, described by Dr. Alder-
man. Seventeen years ago, in 1877, the University inaugu-
rated a Summer Normal School, which continued in operation
eight years. Much of the educational zeal and skill that have
increased our school facilities, improved our methods and popu-
larized the idea of public education, sprang directly or indi-
rectly out of that wise movement. The University of today
(1894), recognizing the strength and wisdom of the idea, has
established four distinct Summer Schools.
The Summer School for Teachers and Students held its first
Extracts from Alumni Quarterly, 1894. 505
session of four weeks in 1894 under the superintendency of
Prof. E. A. Alderman. Both sexes were admitted on a fee of
five dollars. There were nine instructors. President Winston,
Professors K. P. Battle, Gore, Toy, Holmes, Cain, and Foust,
of the University, and Professors W. J. Battle and C. A.
Smith, of the Universities of Texas and Louisiana respectively,
in the Academic department. In the Pedagogic department
there were seven instructors : Professors Alderman, Claxton,
Graham, Noble and Misses Bryant, Pool, and Fulghum. Of
the above Claxton and Miss Bryant were of the State Normal
School, Graham and Noble superintendents respectively of the
Charlotte and Washington schools, and Misses Pool and Ful-
ghum of the Raleigh and Goldsboro schools.
Instruction was offered in twenty-six subjects. The ma-
chinery did not differ materially from that of the University.
There were seventy-five students, including nine city superin-
tendents and graduates of the University and leading colleges
and high schools.
The Law School was opened by Judge William H. Battle of
the Supreme Court in 1845, and continued until 1868. Many
distinguished lawyers were its graduates, among them Sena-
tors Ransom, Pool, and Vance ; Judges Shepherd, Howard, P.
H. Winston, the elder, and Solicitor-General Phillips, the last
also being Assistant Professor.
In 1877 Judge Battle resumed his professorship; when he
died, in 1879, President Battle, amid other arduous duties held
charge of the school until the election of Hon. John Manning,
in 1881. Under Dr. Manning's management the number of stu-
dents has increased from seventeen in 1 885-' 86 to sixty-six in
i893-'94. In 1892 Dr. Manning associated with him Hon.
James E. Shepherd, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The
excellence of the school, which has a summer session as well as
the nine months session, is shown by the fact that no student
holding its certificate has been rejected after examination by
the Supreme Court for license to become a member of the bar.
The Summer School of Geology held its first session at
Kings Mountain under the direction of Prof. Collier Cobb. In
1894 two courses were given, one in Elementary Geology and
506 History of University of North Carolina.
Mineralogy for teachers and beginners, the other in advanced
geological field work. Excursions were made to the mining
regions within a radius of twenty miles.
The Summer School of Biology was conducted by Profes-
sor H. V. Wilson at Beaufort, N. C. A house was rented as a
laboratory, boats for collecting specimens were hired and the
necessary books and apparatus supplied by the University.
Three students pursued the course, the object of which was to
acquaint them with the anatomy and habits of the more com-
mon marine animals. The collection was peculiarly interest-
ing, owing to the richness of the fauna, equaled by few places
north of the Florida Keys. Our laboratory was near those of
the Johns Hopkins University and of Columbia College.
The Literary Societies are doing good work, it is generally
believed quite as good as before the war. It was impossible to
continue compulsory membership because of the increase in
number of professional schools. But they have the present
year two hundred and sixty-two members. Thev codperate
in supporting the Magazine, the Yackety Yack, and the Star
Lecture Course. Besides the debates in course with closed
doors a number of inter-society debates are held every session.
Debates are also held with the Universities of Georgia, Yan-
derbilt, and Johns Hopkins. More than forty students entered
into competition for position as champions. Their training was
aided by Professor Williams (Psychology), Professor Raper
(Economics), Professor Hume (English), Professor Battle
(History), and Mr. McKie, Instructor in Expression. Our
system has been studied and praised by other institutions. In
the contests for six years, 1897- 1902, there have been six with
the University of Georgia, the victory equally divided, three
each. With Yanderbilt University North Carolina won all
three. -With Johns Hopkins North Carolina won the only de-
bate. Out of ten contests North Carolina won seven.
The Young Men's Christian Association or the Y. M. C. A.
I abridge an article by Herman Harrell Home, A.B., 1895, now
Professor of Philosophy in the University of New York. The
object of the Association is to lead its members to devote their
lives to Christ, not only in religion but in secular pursuits. It
Extracts from Alumni Quarterly, 1894. 507
is attained through the cooperative work of nine committees.
William R. Webb, Jr., is chairman of the Devotional Commit-
tee and has charge of the short devotional meetings, held four
nights in the week. The services consist of song, prayer, Bible
lesson, and a short pointed talk by a member or an outsider
specially invited. On two nights in the month the meeting is
devoted to the subject of Missions. George S. Wills is chair-
man and the object is not only to create sympathy in the cause,
but to promote the student volunteer movement.
The Committee on Bible Study, under the general supervis-
ion of Mr. E. L. Harris, the University Registrar, and Mr. J.
W. Canada in special charge, seeks to enlist the young men in
the study of the Holy Scriptures. Xo less than one hundred
and twenty-five students are engaged in this work, either in
the Y. M. C. A. classes or outside.
Mr. George Stephens is chairman of the committee on
monthly sermons. He takes care to select men of piety as well
as eloquence. Mr. Darius Eatman is chairman of the com-
mittee on music as well as leader of the Glee Club. Mr. J.
W. Canada is treasurer of the finance committee. The funds
come mainly from membership fees. Mr. E. L. Harris is chair-
man of a committee of seven whose duty is to see that the
sick receive proper attention.
A religious census, though incomplete, shows that out of one
hundred and seventeen church members, there are thirty-eight
Methodists, eight Baptists, twenty-three Episcopalians, sixteen
Presbyterians, one Friend, one Roman Catholic. Of eighty-
seven other students, thirty-five incline to be Methodists, thirty-
four Episcopalians, eleven Baptists, four Presbyterians, two
Friends, one Cumberland Presbyterian.
The Association issues freely to the students a handbook
containing information especially valuable to new students.
The Y. M. C. A. likewise gives a reception to the new students.
The officers for 1894 are H. H. Home, president; W. R.
Webb, Jr., vice-president; J. S. Wray, recording secretary; R.
E. Coker, corresponding secretary ; J. W. Canada, treasurer.
The Association does much good but is trammeled bv the
lack of a building suitable to its needs.* Mr. L. M. Bristol,
* This want has been supplied.
508 History of University of North Carolina.
Musical Director, is chairman of a committee to raise funds
to remedy this defect.
From an article by President Winston, entitled The Expan-
sion of the University, the following information is extracted:
The numbers have increased from one hundred and ninety-
eight in 1890- '91 to four hundred and forty-six in 1894- '95, the
highest before the war being four hundred and sixty-three.
Three new departments have been added : History, Biology,
and Pedagogics. That of History is in charge of Dr. Kemp P.
Battle, LL.D. (A.B., 1849), assisted by Dr. E. A. Alderman. It
offers (T) Introduction to Mediaeval History, (2) Mediaeval
History, (3) English History, (4) American History, (5) Con-
stitutional History, (6) Xorth Carolina History, (7) New Tes-
tament History, (8) History of Ancient Civilization, (9) His-
tory of Modern Civilization. Two hundred and thirty-eight
students pursue these courses.
The Department of Biology is under Dr. Henry V. Wilson,
of Johns Hopkins University, for several years in charge of the
United States Government Station at Wood's Hole, for the
study of Marine Life. There are three laboratories well sup-
plied with aquaria, microscopes and other apparatus. Seven
courses are offered (1) Elements of Physiology, (2) General
Biology, (3) Practical Biology, (4) Vertebrate Embryology,
(5) Vertebrate Histology, (6) Comparative Anatomy and
Embryology, (7) Research course in Zoology. One hundred
and thirty-six students enrolled.
The Chair of Pedagogics is filled by Professor Alderman.
Besides instruction in the Science and Art of Teaching and
Methods, efforts will be made to bring the secondary schools
in closer relation with the University. Courses are offered : ( 1 )
The Science of Education, (2) Art of Teaching, (3) School
Supervision, (4) General History of Education, (5) Philos-
ophy of Education.
Every department offers advanced instruction in one or
more courses. There are five advanced classes in Latin with
twenty-six students, three in Greek with sixteen, three in
Mathematics -with seven, two in French with thirteen, three
in German with fifteen, four in Chemistrv with fortv-six, two
Extracts from Alumni Quarterly, 1894. 509
in Geology with sixteen, three in Philosophy, Logic and Ethics,
with twenty-nine, one in Astronomy with six, one in Embry-
ology with four, one in Comparative Anatomy with two, one
in Electrical Engineering with four, one in History of Civili-
zation with twenty-four, one in the History of Education with
fourteen, two in Anglo-Saxon with twenty-four, two in English
Literature with thirty-eight, four in History with eighty-five,
and one in Surveying with two.
Besides the general course in Chemistry and Qualitative
Analysis the advanced courses are (1) Organic, (2) Indus-
trial, (3) Agricultural, (4) Theoretical and Historical, (5)
Quantitative Analysis and Assaying, (6) Quantitative
Analysis. The work in course six may fit for agricultural
chemists, or iron or manufacturing chemists, or physicians, or
druggists, or teachers.
In Latin the following are offered as electives to Juniors and
Seniors: (1) Pliny, Catullus, etc., (2) Roman Philosophy, (3)
Roman Satire, (4) Theory and Practice of Teaching Latin,
(5) Roman Topography, (6) Private Life of the Romans,
(7) Latin Writing, (8) Roman Epigraphy, (9) The Roman
Elegiac Poets, (10) Latin Seminary for graduates. A special
seminary room has been set apart, with a special library for
consultation.
The Elective System has been extended each year until now
it applies to all the studies of the Senior year, half of the Junior
and two-fifths of the Sophomore. In the A.B. Course Latin,
Greek, Mathematics, and English must be taken through the
Sophomore year. In the Junior year Physics and Psychology
are required. In the Senior year, while all studies are elective,
no elementary studies can be taken but some advanced work in
some lines is expected.
Morale and Discipline. The behavior is very good on the
whole. Part of the improvement comes from the Trustees
placing the discipline in the hands of the President, part from
the abolition of espionage. Part comes from the students being
older and more earnest than in old times. Fully one-third sup-
port themselves by labor. Xearly $5,000 is earned by students
while pursuing their studies. The third cause of improvement
510 History of University of North Carolina.
is the general pursuit of athletics, whether in the Gymnasium or
in the field. President Winston describes so humorously the
situation that I give some extracts: "The college Hercules of
today scorns to carry off city gates or to lug bullocks into third-
story recitation rooms. His glory is in the ballground. He
weighs himself in the athletic scales, goes on the ballgrounds
and in ninety minutes works off two to eight pounds of vice,
idleness, and corruption, commonly known as fat. For Uni-
versity athletes of today to amuse themselves as did the muscu-
lar students of a generation ago would be as impossible as for
lion hunters to run rabbits or to call doodle bugs. It would be
dishonest not to say that the greatest force in the University of
today contributing to sobriety, manliness, healthfulness, and
morality generally, is athletics."
The esprit de corps of the students is strong and enthusi-
astic. There is little difficulty about discipline. It is maintained
chiefly through the sentiment of the student body. The Uni-
versity rules may be summed up thus : ( i ) Every man must
be kept busy ; ( 2 ) In conduct and morals no yielding in essen-
tials, no interference in non-essentials.
University Organizations. The Elisha Mitchell Society
meets monthly for encouragement of Scientific work, and
issues a journal semi-annually. Its library has about 10,000
books and pamphlets. The North Carolina Historical Society
meets monthly. Papers on subjects of North Carolina History
are read by students and others. The society possesses a val-
uable collection of books, old newspaper files, pamphlets, manu-
scripts, etc. Many of its books have been loaned to the Univer-
sity Library. The Shakespeare Club meets monthly to discuss
and study the drama. The Philological Club meets monthly to
discuss original work and have reports of work done elsewhere.
The Young Men's Christian Association holds short meetings
each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday evenings,
has monthly sermons by eminent preachers, and occasional lec-
tures and missionary meetings. It has a membership of one
hundred and sixty and is a helpful force in University life.
The Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies meet each Saturday
nisrht for debates, declamation and essavs. The Blackstone
Extracts from Alumni Quarterly, 1894. 511
Club is for legal investigations, discussions and Moot Court
practice by law students. The University Press issues Uni-
versity publications and gives employment to students. The
University has two weekly papers, The Tar Heel and White
and Blue. The University Magazine is a monthly, and the
Hellcnian is a handsome volume issued yearly. The Coopera-
tive Store has been organized to furnish the students books and
other supplies nearly at cost. About one-third of the students
board in clubs conducted by students. In fact self-management
and self-control are sought to be inculcated everywhere.
Repairs and Sanitary Arrangements. — With the $10,000 ap-
propriation of 1903 the buildings have been repaired and sani-
tary conveniences provided. Bathtubs, shower baths, closets
have been placed under Smith Hall. A contract has been made
for the erection of a cottage to be used as an Infirmary. The
sewerage empties into Chapel branch, a stream on University
lands south of the Campus. There has been remarkable health-
iness among students and Faculty.
University Spirit. The aim of the University is to develop
men. It teaches how to think. It knows that a man must find
the truth for himself if he would really comprehend it. Per-
functory graduation has yielded to desire for larger training.
The University is distinctly Christian in its moral standards.
It seeks to promote character, righteousness, and holiness
rather than to emphasize doctrines. It aims to make good cit-
izens, not partisans. It teaches men to love the truth and have
respect for others who love the truth. The University is a
sort of miniature State, a little world whose members, repre-
senting every condition of wealth and poverty, every type of
local character, every phase of religious faith and political
belief, combine to produce not only a strong resultant of
mental, moral, and physical forces, but also a safe and well
balanced standard of manhood.
The Mitchell Society is so flourishing as to justify a short
statement of its history. On September 24, 1883, at a meeting
of those connected with the scientific departments, it was re-
solved to organize a society ( 1 ) For cultivation of an interest
in Natural History and scientific subjects generally. (2) The
512 History of University of North Carolina.
encouragement of workers. (3) Increased knowledge of the
State and its resources. (4) Building up of local societies.
( 5) Collection of specimens. An annual fee of one dollar was
proposed for the publication of the journal and a series of
popular lectures to be delivered at the University. The call
was signed by President Battle, Dr. Thomas W. Harris, James
S. Manning, E. A. de Schweinitz, Dr. John M. Manning,
Prof. J. W. Gore, Prof. Jos. A. Holmes, Prof. Ralph H.
Graves, Dr. Wm. B. Phillips, and Dr. Francis P. Venable.
The last named was the prime mover.
On October 1st, after many favorable responses to the call,
another meeting was held and the society was formally organ-
ized. Dr. Yenable was elected president, Professor Holmes
vice-president, and Professor Gore secretary and treasurer. A
constitution was adopted with the name of Dr. Elisha Mitchell,
who lost his life in pursuit of geographical science. It was
not long before those not specially interested in science
dropped off, diminishing receipts, and the Trustees, seeing the
value of the annual publications, appropriated $100 to this
object. By 1894 over one hundred meetings had been held,
averaging thirty or forty contributed papers a year. In the
first three years the journals were published annually. They
were afterwards published twice a year. Ten volumes and
one half-volume have been issued, making about thirteen hun-
dred pages. The value of the journal is recognized abroad,
three hundred societies, universities and learned bodies ex-
change their publications with it."
The society has proved a valuable aid to the Scientific De-
partment in many ways, chiefly in stimulating the professors
and advanced students to original work. At least twenty per
cent of the articles contributed have been by these advanced
students, a small modicum of which would have been executed
if there had not been the stimulus of publication.
The Shakespeare Club has been already described.
The Historical Society has produced sundry monographs on
North Carolina history, rescuing from oblivion many interest-
ing facts in our past.
The Development of Athletics, from statement by Dr. Ven-
Extracts from Alumni Quarterly, 1894. 513
able. Ten years ago "athletics" was confined to baseball in a
desultory fashion and football of the kind described in "Tom
Brown at Rugby." Besides these, muscles were hardened by
walks, mainly on the road to the railway station, and secon-
darily to Piney Prospect and in Battle Park. Tennis was first
introduced by Dr. Venable about 1884, the court located in
the Grove south of his residence. About the same time a base-
ball team after a short practice was beaten ignominiously by
Bingham School.
There was no gymnasium but at a somewhat later period an
Athletic Association was formed and one or two annual con-
tests were held. In 1885 our first Gymnasium (now Commons
Hall), was erected by the aid of the alumni, Dr. R. H. Lewis,
of Raleigh, being conspicuous, and a great impetus was given
to athletics, which proved of signal benefit to the health of the
students. Before this four cases of insanity from overstudy
developed, but there were none afterwards.
At times "knucks" was the favorite pastime and those who
are afraid of bodily injuries in modern games should be com-
forted by the fact that a serious injury to the knee from much
kneeling resulted to one of our students, who was taken to
Baltimore for treatment by a specialist.
In 1888 when neither understood well the modern football
the University was defeated by Wake Forest. Then the Uni-
versity men sent for printed rules of the mode of playing and
after two weeks' practice under them without a coach, unwisely
met Trinity, whose President, Dr. Crowell, a graduate of Yale,
had seen to their training. Of course they were beaten, their
Captain (Bragaw) being badly lamed in the struggle. A need
of a coach was seen and Mr. Hector Cowan was chosen to that
position. Thus far the students managed the contests of their
own motions. Disputes and bad blood between the University
students and those of the colleges of the State were engendered.
The Faculty thought best to draw in the reins. In 1889 they
ordained that games should be played only on college grounds.
The next year the Trustees, on the recommendation of the
Faculty, forbade intercollegiate contests altogether. Attempts
were made to interest the students in class and other contests,
33
514 History of University of North Carolina.
but with little success. There was apparent an air of gloom
and dissatisfaction and signs of the ancient lawlessness were
evident. A committee of the students, George M. Graham '91,
Alexander Stronach, '89, and Samuel M. Blount, '90, ably pre-
sented a petition for the repeal of the prohibitory law. A
happy expedient was devised. The regulation of all matters
concerning athletics was put into the hands of an advisory
committee consisting of one member of the Faculty, one grad-
uate student, and one undergraduate, a plan which has worked
well in practice and obviated the objectionable features which
induced the Trustees to pass the prohibitory law of 1890.
Mr. Henry S. Lake, a student, has generously provided a
one hundred yard, and a sixth of a mile cinder track. Only
one track team has been sent out to compete with other col-
leges. In 1901 it competed at Xew Orleans with Vanderbilt,
Tulane, and Texas, and won the Southern championship.
In tennis the University has taken a foremost place. There
is a Tennis Association and tournaments are regularly held.
In 1893 the University champions, D. R. Bryson, H. C. Bridg-
ets, and George M. Graham defeated the University of Vir-
ginia and Richmond College on their grounds. This Univer-
sity by invitation joined the Intercollegiate Tennis Associa-
tion of ten institutions, ours being the only Southern. Bryson
and Bridgers attended the tournament at New Haven, and
made a good showing, holding fifth place in the doubles.
In the spring of 1891 baseball came to the front, under the
leadership of Perrin Busbee. An exciting game was played
and lost to Virginia. In the next year R. H. Johnston was
captain, and one of the two games played with Virginia was
won. This team won all but two of its schedule.
In the baseball season of 1893 the team won four out of
seven games, losing to the University of Virginia, and two to
the University of Vermont, one by the close score of one to
two. The baseball team of 1894 was thoroughly coached by Mr.
Bennett, of Charlotte. W. R. Robertson was captain and W.
R. Kenan, Jr., was manager. The University gained ten of
fourteen games, beating Durham, Lehigh (twice), Vermont,
Richmond College, Oak Ridge, Lafavette.
Extracts from Alumni Quarterly, 1894. 515
The Glee Club, described by Professor Harrington. The
Glee Club was established in 1891. Prof. Karl P. Harrington
was musical director, T. M. Lee, leader, first tenor ; F. H.
Batchelor, C. S. Mangum, J. A. Arthur, Jr., Bruce Cotten, sec-
ond tenors ; H. L. Harris, Charles Roberson, William B.
Snow, T. M. Lee, first bass ; Michael Hoke, E. P. Willard,
J. H. Price, Richard Arlington, second bass. The first concert
was given in Gerrard Hall January 22, 1892, with a program
compounded of college and patriotic songs and others more
ambitious, the whole designed for listeners not learned in
music. The concert was repeated in Raleigh (twice), Salem,
Winston, Greensboro (twice), Durham (twice), Goldsboro,
Wilmington, Chapel Hill (twice), and Morehead City. It met
with great favor in the press and with public audiences.
Mr. Lee obtaining his degree, Mr. Harris became leader.
The next year Mr. Willard succeeded, with Mr. Roberson as
manager. The club was strong enough to include in its reper-
toire such pieces as Lacome's "Estudiantiana," Hatton's "The
Letter," Sodermann's "Peasant Wedding March" and Gade's
double quartet Serenade, also local humor, "Variety Seem
Phunney." The concerts were in Asheville, Charlotte, Greens-
boro (twice), Salem (twice), Winston, Chapel Hill. The
members of the club were everywhere received with hearty
plaudits and with social attentions. At the Commencement con-
cert were added Hatton's "King Witlap's Drinking Horn,"
Emmet's "Lullaby," Taber's "Cannibal Idyl," Kjerulf's
"Last Night," Mendelssohn's "Turkish Drinking Song," and
a new local. "The Song of the A. B." A considerable sum
over expenses was realized in both expeditions. All over ex-
penses was devoted to the Athletic Association.
The season of 1893 was successful under the leadership of
Charles Roberson and the management of J. L. Patterson.
The most noticeable were Messrs. Cooke, McKinne, McKen-
zie, and A. W. Mangum, who appeared as "Warblers." Lead-
ing cities were visited and gave a cordial reception. At Com-
mencement the special feature was "Peter, the Pumpkin
Eater," an original burlesque by Professor Harrington.
In 1894 Mr. Darius Eatman was leader and F. F. Bahnson
516 History of University of North Carolina.
manager. A valuable addition was a large and well trained
Mandolin Club.
Commencement of 1895.
It was determined that the Commencement of 1895 should
be the centennial of the opening of the doors of the University
for students. Hundreds of the alumni came in, from the west
as far as Missouri and south as far as Texas.
Rev. Alexander L. Phillips, graduate of 1880, of the third
generation of preachers, his grandsire being Rev. Dr. James,
and his father Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips, preached the Bacca-
laureate Sermon. Few men in the land equal him in love for
the University and his counsels to the young were those of a
fellow student as well as of a spiritual father. His text was,
"Now the natural man receiveth not the things of the spirit of
God, for they are foolishness unto him and he can not know
them, because they are spiritually dead."
If a man would be a great Christian, that is, a man with
all his power in a state of development, he must study, imi-
tate, digest, assimilate, be transformed into, the life and con-
formed to the image of Christ. Put yourselves under the
training of the spirit of God.
After the two societies had held their private reunion, their
representatives competed with original orations for the Rep-
resentative Medal. James Arthur Butt, Phi, "Safeguarding
of Citizenship" ; McKay Bernard Aston, Di, "A False Ten-
dency" ; Van Astor Batchelor, Phi, "Evolution in Politics" ;
Richard Gold Allsbrook, Phi, "Influence of Corporate Power";
John William Canada, Di, "Tennyson an Interpreter" ; Rob-
ert Roland Ragan, Di, "Uncrowned Heroism." The judges
gave preference to Mr. Allsbrook.
After the speaking of the representatives there was the
Faculty Reception in the Gymnasium, where the alumni, their
friends and families, had the opportunity to renew old friend-
ships and make new ones.
The morning of June 4th was devoted to the Anniversary
exercises. Rev. A. D. Betts, graduate of 1855, offered a
Centennial of 1895. 517
prayer, and the University hymn, written by Mrs. Spencer,
was sung, beginning,
Dear. University, thy sons right loyally
Thy praises sing.
For thee, our mother dear,
May every coming year
Fresh crowned with joy appear,
Fresh honors bring.
President Cleveland was invited to attend the Commence-
ment, the invitation being courteously conveyed by General W.
R. Cox, then in Congress.
I give President Cleveland's reply, all in his own hand-
writing :
I am obliged to deny myself the satisfaction of participating in
the centennial exercises of your University. Occasions of this kind
have a most impressive meaning to all who are interested in the
progress and development of the most valuable features of American
destiny. Not only those who claim the University of North Carolina
as their Alma Mater, but every citizen who appreciates the value
of education to wholesome national life should be stirred with en-
thusiasm, as he contemplates the gifts bestowed upon people in a
country's beneficent work of such an institution. I hope the cele-
bration of your University's centennial may be filled with profitable
enjoyment, and the entrance into its second century may disclose
the broadest field of usefulness, and assure the utmost success — the
accomplishment of its highest missions.
Ex-Senator Ransom's telegram was,
"Am too unwell to be with you today. I send my heart, my hopes,
my prayers, for the University. May her virtues and usefulness be
perpetual."
A letter was then read from the oldest living graduate, Dr.
Armand J, DeRosset, of the Class of 1824, the class of Judge
Matthias E. Manly, Governor William A. Graham, and other
great men.
The following alumni announced their presence: C. M. T.
McCauley 1838, Wm. W. Harris '42, Hon. Hill Burgwyn and
Rev. J. C. Huske. D.D., '43, Hon. Jos. B. Batchelor and Col.
T. C. Mcllheny '45. Dr. R. H. Winborne, '47, Col. V. G.
518 History of University of North Carolina.
Ramsey '48, Dr. K. P. Battle 49, Governor T. M. Holt '53,
Du Brutz Cutlar, Esq., '53, Hon. R. H. Battle '54, Rev. M. C.
Thomas '55, Hon. B. F. Grady '57, Dr. J. M. Richmond '58,
M. H. Pinnix, Esq., "59, Major E. J. Hale '60, Hon. James
Parker '61, Thos. J. Hadley, Esq., '62, Hon. R. B. Peebles '63,
Maj. W. A. Guthrie '64, AW F. Parker, Esq., and Hon. H. A.
London '65, Col. P. B. Means '68, Alexander Graham '69, Dr.
R. H. Lewis '70, Hon. S. L. Patterson '71, Arthur Arlington,
Esq., 'yy. Lion. F. D. Winston '79. Thos. H. Battle, Esq., '80,
J. D. Murphy '8l, Dr. E. A. Alderman '82, H. Frank Wilkes
'83, Sol. C. Weill, Esq., '83. A. J. Feild "85, Rev. X. H. D. Wil-
son '86, O. D. Batchelor, Esq., '88, Logan D. Howell, Esq., '89,
Henry Johnston, Esq., '90, W. J. Andrews '91, S. L. Davis
'92, J. T. Pugh '93, W. P. M. Currie '94.
The first exercise on the program was an oration by Hon.
Alfred Moore Waddell, alumnus of 1852, on "The University
from 1795 to i860." It was exceedingly interesting, as might
be expected of one admittedly one of the most graceful speak-
ers in the State, on a subject in which he felt peculiar interest,
as his grandfather, Alfred Moore, was one of those who
selected the site of the institution, his father graduated in the
class of President Polk, and he himself was a student for
nearly four years.
The next speaker was Henry Armand London, graduate of
1865, to whom was appropriately assigned the period from
i860 to 1875. Mr. London is an able lawyer and trusted legis-
lator, and had peculiar knowledge of the period in question,
having been called from his classes in the L niversity to serve in
the army and receiving his diploma a few weeks after the sur-
render of General Lee. His address was of absorbing interest.
Mr. Adolphus Hill Eller then continued the narrative from
1875 to z895- Being an honor graduate of 1885, and having
peculiar facility for eloquent and appropriate utterances, Mr.
Eller made one of the happiest speeches of the occasion. His
tribute to his old preceptors showed a loyal and kindly heart.
Dr. Stephen Beauregard Weeks delivered a carefully writ-
ten and able address on ''The University of North Carolina in
the Civil War." The paper shows extraordinary diligence in
Centennial of 1895. 519
collecting, as well as skill in marshaling facts. The part
taken by our alumni in military service and their losses has
already been detailed in the first volume of this History. I
now give some facts showing their activity in civil service.
All the committee sent to Montgomery, Alabama, to ascer-
tain whether peace was possible, were University men, David
L. Swain, M. W. Ransom, and John L. Bridgers, and three of
the five attending the Peace Conference at Washington, John
M. Morehead, George Davis, and Daniel M. Barringer.
Of the Convention of 1861, one-third were University
men. When the Convention chose the Senators and Represen-
tatives to the Provisional Congress its influence was plainly
shown. George Davis, W. W. Avery, Bedford Brown, and
Henry W. Miller were in nomination for the Senate — all Uni-
versity men, the first two being chosen. Seven others received
votes, four being our alumni : W. A. Graham, William
Eaton, Jr., J. M. Morehead, George Howard, Jr. For the
House seventeen candidates were presented, eight being Uni-
versity men. In the Permanent Congress of the Confederate
States the University had George Davis and W. A. Graham
and Thomas S. Ashe in the Senate. In the House the Uni-
versity had David W. Lewis, of Georgia; T. S. Ashe, R. R.
Bridgers, Thomas C. Fuller, Thomas D. Meares, Josiah
Turner, and Waller R. Staples, of Virginia.
In the Executive Department John Manning was a receiver
of sequestrated property. Jacob Thompson was Confidential
Agent to Canada. George Davis was Attorney-General. The
three Commissioners of Claims against the State were Uni-
versity men, B. F. Moore, S. F. Phillips, and P. H. Winston.
George V. Strong was Confederate District Attorney, Robert
B. Gilliam and William M. Shipp were State Judges. Thomas
C. Manning, H. M. Polk, J. T. Wheat held offices in Louis-
iana, John Bragg in Alabama, and A. H. Carrigan and Arthur
F. Hopkiss in Arkansas.
Dr. E. A. Alderman, by request of the author, then read the
Centennial Ode by Mr. James D. Lynch, of Mississippi,
alumnus of 1858, whereupon Colonel Kenan introduced Mr.
Lynch to the audience amid great applause. We give some
520 History of University of North Carolina.
lines of the Ode, which certainly shows he retains a loving
heart in his distant home.
Amid the struggles of thy rise,
A Hand reached down from yonder skies
And wreathed the thorns of destiny
With jewels of thy crown to be,
And, blossoming from out the frost
And fruiting through the beating years,
Thou hast all honored places filled,
And all the fields of virtue tilled
That grow the higher needs of life.
Wherever patriotism rears
Its crest, thy sons have been foremost —
Amid the forum's strife,
And on the ermined bench of right,
In halls that ring with high debate,
And councils compassing the helm of state.
With wisdom's virtuous light,
And where God's messengers call,
Thy sons have honored all.
$ % *fc sN ®
Dear friends, who trod these sacred grounds,
In dreamy years long since gone by,
And you, 0 dear companion mine,
Who walked with me the paths of youth,
Who heard with me the voice of truth,
And now are near the front advancing line
That climbs the ladder's rounds,
Which our dear mother clasped against the sky
With love sublime
And bade us climb,
And watched our struggles with a loving eye,
Let us the full round blessing due
Breathe on her head today,
And drink the benedictions new
She showers on our way.
Oh tell me not the loves of youth can die!
The shell tints deepen on the casting soul,
And memory's transcript fills the vacant sky,
When dimming years begin to wind their scroll.
No! All the pleasures of our youth
Still reach us down the long grave-furrowed way,
And sing to us of innocence and truth.
Sweet melodies that tune life's dull-grown lay,
Like morning songster sweetening out the day.
Centennial of 1895. 521
Henry Jerome Stockard then read the following beautiful
poem dedicated to the University :
As what to our dim-sighted human eyes
Seem damps of evening gathered chill and gray
Around a century's slowly sinking day,
Relentlessly expunging fields and skies,
In truth are only morning mists that rise
But to be sundered by a level ray,
And backwards driven from the heavens away,
Where lift new heights engrained with unknown dyes —
So be thy life through centuries unborn;
Around thy west no sunset's saddening gloom
Nor shades of night thy landscapes falling o'er;
But dawning ever of some wider noon,
Whose reaches unconjectured suns illume
Dayward till years shall come and go no more.
At the banquet held after the meeting at least two hundred
and fifty were present. Charles M. T. McCauley (of 1838), a
descendant of Matthew McCauley, one of the "Land Donors,"
was the oldest alumnus present.
UNIVERSITY CENTENNIAL SONG.
1795. U. N. C. 1895.
BY MRS. C. P. SPEXCER.
Air: "Rosin, the Beau."
Come forth with your garlands and roses,
Entwined with the laurel and bay,
All that fair Carolina encloses
Be ours this festival day.
All hail! to our glorious old Mother,
Her century's crown is complete;
With loyalty due to no other,
Our homage we lay at her feet.
Tho' dimly her morning unfolded,
And tempests oft darkened her sky,
Still, to all the true hearts she has moulded,
Her colors in radiance fly.
Still she welcomes her sons to her portals,
Her cloisters reecho their tread,
While a witnessing cloud of immortals
Drop honor and strength on her head.
z,22 History of University oi' North Carolina.
AH the love that religion has taught us,
All that freedom and culture bestow,
All renown that our heroes have brought us,
To her century's vigil we owe.
Fond memory recalls her gray teachers
Intent on their labor of love,
Her poets, her statesmen, her preachers
In temple, and forum, and grove.
Ye sons of fair science still cherish
A spark from the Spirit Divine,
Ne'er a hope for our country shall perish
Wherever His watch-fires shine.
For oft as a noble endeavor
Points out where our brothers have trod,
To His altars we trace the fair river
That gladdens the city of God.
Long, long may this fountain be flowing,
Carolina be honored and blest,
The lights on the Hill-top be glowing,
While centuries pass to their rest.
Then hail! to our glorious old Mother,
Allegiance we pledge her anew,
With homage we pay to no other,
All hail! to the white and the blue.
The following toasts were answered most spiritedly. The
speeches were not published and can not be reproduced.
"North Carolina and the University," responded to by Gov-
ernor Elias Carr, '59.
"Reopening of 1875," Robert Watson Winston, '79.
"The University Merits Support of all Patriotic Citizens,"
ex-Gov. T. M. Holt, '53.
"The University in Its Relations to Church and State," Wil-
liam Anderson Guthrie, '64.
"The University and Its Alumni : What She Does for her
Sons," Herman Harrell Home, '95.
"The Alumni and the University : What Her Sons Owe
Their Alma Mater," Locke Craig, '80, and Charles Duncan
Mclver, '81.
"The University and the People," Marion Butler, '85.
Commencement of 1895. 523
"The University and the Public Schools," Alexander
Graham, '68.
"The University and the Press,'' Josephus Daniels, '88.
"Our Sister Universities," Dr. Paul B. Barringer, University
of Virginia.
The regular program was interrupted by calling on the
Alumni for subscriptions to Alumni Hall. D. G. Worth gave
$500, T. M. Holt $1,000, J. S. Carr $3,000, James Parker $100,
Class of '88 through E. M. Armfield $500, A. W. Haywood
$100, James Mann for Class of '85 $500, Class of '81 through
R. W. Winborne and C. D. Mclver $500, Hill Burgwyn, of
Pittsburg, Pa., $500, Class of '86 through X. H. D. Wilson
$600, Dr. R. H. Lewis $100, Bennehan Cameron $500, T. S.
Kenan $100, Class of '80, through T. H. Battle $1,000, F. D.
Winston $100, James and John Manning $100, B. A. Cape-
hart $100, R. H. Battle $100, B. F. Grady $100, James E.
Shepherd $100, Professor Simmons $100, Edmund Jones $100,
Class of '90 $300, Henry Johnston $100, Hugh L. Miller $100,
C. C. Covington $100, R. X. Hackett for Class of '87 $500,
Geo. S. Wills for Class of '89 $500, Perrin Busbee for Class
of '93 $500, A. Arrington for Class of '78 $500, J. Y. Joyner
for Class of '81 $500 additional, H. H. Home for Class of
'95 $500, Prof. J. A. Holmes $200, B. A. Capehart thought
Class of '53 should raise $1,000.
Commencement Day opened bright. A numerous throng
filled Memorial Hall. The following were the graduates mak-
ing speeches and their subjects:
Lucius Bristol, "Independence in Politics."
Herman H. Home, "Religion and Life."
Augustus Quickel, "The Individual in History."
Joe Eli Alexander, "Renaissance of the Orient."
L. C. Brogden, "The Hebrew and His Religion."
Charles Tomlinson, "Democracy and Education."
The Willie P. Mangum Medal was awarded to Mr. Home,
a high honor, as he had able competitors who won numerous
hearty plaudits.
524 History of University of North Carolina.
The following Degrees in Course were conferred :
Bachelors of Arts 11
Bachelors of Philosophy 13
Bachelors of Science 11
Bachelors of Letters 3
Bachelors of Laws 4
Masters of Arts 3
Total (see Appendix) 45
Special Certificates :
In Latin, James O. Carr.
In French, Joe Eli Alexander.
In German, Ashbel Brown Kimball.
In English, Joe Eli Alexander.
In History, Holland M. Thompson.
In Mathematics, Joe Eli Alexander, Ashbel Brown Kimball.
In Physics, Dudley Lindsay.
In Chemistry, John Legerwood Patterson.
Medals and Prizes:
Hume Medal — Holland M. Thompson.
Mangum Medal — Herman H. Home.
Representative Medal — Richard Gold Allsbrook.
The Hill Prize — Charles Fawcett Tomlinson.
The Kerr Prize — William Jackson Weaver.
The Worth Prize — Herman Harrell Home.
The Honors:
Summa cum laucle — H. H. Home. F. L. Carr.
Magna cum laucle — H. Howell, J. E. Alexander, E. W. Myers,
H. M. Thompson.
Cum laucle — J. T. Farrell, C. R. Turner, L. C. Brogden, Herbert
Bingham, J. 0. Carr, A. B. Kimball, T. E. W. Borden, T. R.
Little, J. L. Patterson.
In honor of the occasion there were eleven Honorary De-
grees conferred: Doctors of Laws, (LL.D.), Richard Henry
Battle. Airs. C. P. Spencer, D. M. Furches, Wm. T. Faircloth,
Walter A. Montgomery, Thomas Michael Holt, Alfred Moore
Waddell. Of these Battle was the Nestor of the Raleigh bar,
was offered and declined a judgeship, a lawyer of sound learn-
ing, and once State Auditor. Mrs. Spencer was the only
woman ever honored bv our University with the Doctor's de-
Alumni Hall
Mary Ann Smith Building
Commencement of 1895. 525
gree, which she fairly earned by her odes and hymns illustra-
tive of University life and by her letters and monographs em-
bodying University history. Judge Faircloth was Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court of this State and Judges Furches and
Montgomery Justices of the same. Thomas M. Holt was Gov-
ernor of North Carolina, and Waddell a Colonel in the Confed-
erate Army, a lawyer, an author, a polished orator, and Repre-
sentative in Congress.
The Doctors of Divinity (D.D.) were Alexander Davis
Betts, Johnson Cannon Davis, Alexander Lacey Phillips, and
Robert Strange. Of these Mr. Betts vis a Methodist preacher
of zeal and unction, a graduate of the Class of 1855, and an
active and useful Trustee ; Davis a learned Episcopal minister
of Concord; Phillips, A.B., 1880, a Presbyterian preacher of
ability and principal agent in charge of the Sunday Schools of
that church in the South ; Strange, A.B., 1879, was an Episco-
pal rector of power and usefulness and is now Bishop of East
Carolina.
A silver cup was awarded by the Class of 1885 to A. J.
Feild for its first-born boy, albeit there were sixteen girls ; the
class cup of 1888 to M. H. Palmer ; that of 1889 to C. F. Toms.
There was a concert at night by the combined Glee, Man-
dolin, and Banjo Clubs, which gained the plaudits of a large
and cultured audience.
The ball managers, Burton Craige, chief, and J. S. Williams,
A. F. Williams, Frank Pinnix, F. H. Gudger, A. H. Edgerton,
and Percy Thompson, upheld the traditional excellence of this
amusement, and the propriety of conduct of the participants.
Faculty Changes.
The changes in the Faculty in 1894-95 were Francis Kings-
ley Ball in place of Dr. Tolman, elected to a permanent profes-
sorship in Yanderbilt University. Dr. Ball is an A.B., A.M.,
and Ph.D., of Harvard, the last degree obtained in 1894. He
was an accomplished and useful teacher. Charles Baskerville
was promoted to Assistant Professor of Chemistry. He was a
B.S. and Ph.D. of the Universitv of North Carolina. The new
526 History of University of North Carolina.
Instructors were, Thomas Roswell Foust, in Mathematics ;
George Stockton Wills, in English ; Herman Harrell Home, in
French ; Charles Root Turner, in Physics ; Thomas Clarke, As-
sistant in Chemistry ; Charles Roberson, Assistant in Biology ;
George Hughes Kirby, Assistant in Biology.
The Summer School of 1895.
The Summer School began on the last Tuesday in June and
ended last Friday in July, 1895.
The Faculty was :
Edwin A. Alderman, Ph.B., Superintendent and Professor of Peda-
gogics.
Kemp P. Battle, LL.D., Professor of History.
Joshua W. Gore, C.E., Professor of Physics.
Joseph A. Holmes, S.B., Professor of Geology.
Thomas Hume, D.D., LL.D., Professor of English Language and
Literature.
Walter D. Toy, M.A., Professor of Modern Languages.
William Cain, C.E., Professor of Mathematics.
Charles Baskerville, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry.
Instructors:
J. T. Pugh, Latin.
H. H. Home, Modern Languages.
P. P. Claxton, Educational Psychology and Methods.
M. C. S. Noble, Methods in Arithmetic and Algebra.
A. Graham, English Grammar and Psychology.
L. D. Howell, Elementary Latin.
E. B. Lewis, Geography.
T. J. Wilson, Greek.
Matilda Coffin, Primary Work.
Minnie Redford, Primary Reader and Language Work.
Clarence R. Brown, Vocal Culture.
There were one hundred and forty earnest and diligent stu-
dents. Besides there were thirty-six Summer Law students
under instruction by Dr. John Manning and Judge James E.
Shepherd.
Meeting of the Trustees in February, 1896.
At the meeting of the Board of Trustees, February, 1896,
President Winston reported three hundred and thirty collegiate
students, twenty-nine Law and twentv-nine Medicine, a total
Meeting of Trustees in 1896. 527
of three hundred and eighty-eight, and in addition thirty-one
Summer Law students and one hundred and forty teachers.
"Some immorality and rowdyism had exhibited themselves
during the fall term. Too great reliance had been placed on
the power and willingness of young men to conduct themselves
properly. The weak and vicious take advantage of such confi-
dence. Prompt action was taken in case of those who violated
the moral standard of the University. At first there was a rest-
less spirit of insubordination. Meetings were held and plans
proposed for taking the discipline out of the hands of the Presi-
dent and placing it in the hands of a committee of students and
Professors. But after several days of discussion the idea of
morality sustained by proper authority prevailed by a very
decided majority. A course has been pursued in the life of
the University, a conflict between authority vigorously exe-
cuted and a desire for freedom to be idle and vicious."
There is still, in the University, the President reported, a
strong sentiment against authority, but it has learned a lesson.
The Faculty will endeavor to prevent a recurrence of these
evils by the following measures :
First. They will exclude from the University those whose
chief interest is not in their studies.
Second. They will exclude from membership on football
and baseball teams those who neglect their studies or are on
probation for immorality, or those who have not written per-
mits from parents.
Third. Only players and managers can go outside the State
to witness games. Inside the State they must go and return
the same day. Written consent of parents and written pledges
of good conduct are required.
Fourth. Members of the teams must pledge themselves not
to drink or gamble during their trips.
Fifth. Those absent from recitations must stand monthly
examinations.
Sixth. Total number of absences allowed the teams equal
to five days during the year.
The privileges of the Fraternities came before the Board of
Trustees. Messrs. W. H. Day, R. B. Peebles, and F. H. Bus-
528 History of University of North Carolina.
bee strongly advocated the repeal of the rule requiring that
the Freshmen should not be allowed to join one until January
of their Sophomore year. The Faculty recommended to mod-
ify the rule so far as to allow the joining to be in October of
the Sophomore year. And, it appearing that the Fraternity
men had practically nullified the old law by pledging the
Freshmen in advance and equipping them with handsome
"pledge buttons," the time recommended by the Faculty was
agreed to and the pledging was strictly forbidden. Since the
enactment of this law there has been harmony between the
Fraternities and the rest of the students.
The Trustees among other things voted to lengthen and
strengthen the Medical Course, and Dr. Charles S. Mangum
was elected Professor of Physiology and Materia Medica.
Thanks were voted to Mrs. Francis Baker, of New York,
for the gift of $3,000 to make such additions to the gymnasium,
now called the Commons Hall, as enables the University to
furnish table board at reasonable rates to the students.
The new Instructors were : George Phineas Butler, in Math-
ematics ; Fred L. Carr, in Latin ; William Rand Kenan, Jr., in
Physics ; Robert Ervin Coker, in Biology ; Herman Harrell
Home, in Modern Languages ; George Gullett Stephens, in
Physical Culture.
Commencement of 1896.
The Baccalaureate Sermon in 1896 was delivered by Bishop
Edward Rondthaler, of the Moravian Church, this being the
first time when the usual routine of Baptist, Methodist, Epis-
copalian, and Presbyterian denominations had been broken
since i860 when the Roman Catholic Archbishop Hughes
had preached. Bishop Rondthaler's sermon was intensely
practical and showed his thorough appreciation of the feelings
and needs of young men. The text was, "Lord, to
whom shall we go? Thou hast the words of eternal life."'
(1) We go to Him for peace of our conscience; (2) For a
vigorous body: (3) For the comfort of our minds; (4) For
the satisfaction of our feelings; (5) For the strengthening of
our will power.
Commencement of 1896. 529
The Senior Class of 1896 celebrated their Class Day with
R. G. Allsbrook as Orator, Thomas A. Sharpe as Prophet, and
V. A. Batchelor as Statistician. The number was thirty-seven :
average age 21.07 years; weight 148.6 avoirdupois; height 5
feet, 8 inches. The expected vocations were, life insurance
two, cotton manufacturing four, medicine five, teaching five,
law nine, journalism two, chemistry one, ministry one, unde-
cided eight. Their church affiliations were Methodists thirteen.
Baptists six, Presbyterians nine, Episcopalians six, Moravians
three.
The History of the class was given by W. H. Woodson, and
the Poem composed and read by James A. Gywn. John C.
Eller made the closing address. The audience heartily ap-
plauded the speeches and poem.
The society representatives competed with one another for
prizes in Gerrard Hall the same night. They were William W.
Boddie, "Interpretations of History"; Henry G. Connor, Jr.,
"Two Reformers, Luther and Galileo" ; Arch T. Allen, "The
Development of the Masses" ; Jonathan D. Sowerby, "True
Significance of Evolution" ; David B. Smith, "The Reforma-
tion and America" ; Sylvester Brown Shepherd, "Protestantism
and Democracy."
The usual reception was held at ten in the evening. The
usual procession was formed under the management of Robert
H. Wright, the Chief Marshal.
The one hundred and first Commencement was opened with
prayer by Right Rev. J. B. Cheshire, Bishop of North Carolina,
and then a hymn was sung, led by the band. The elected ora-
tors of the graduates then spoke :
R. Palemon Jenkins "The Two Institutions of History —
Social and Religious."
William T. Woodley, Jr., "The American Judicial System."
John C. Canada, "The Esthetic in Life."
Richard G. Allsbrook, "The Christian State."
John C. Eller, "Man's Inhumanity to Man."
General William R. Cox, the chief clerk of the Senate of
the United States, then, in graceful and fitting manner, intro-
duced the Vice-President, Adlai E. Stevenson, who delivered
34
530 History of University of North Carolina.
an address to the graduates and to the audience. He was
greeted with enthusiastic applause. He spoke of North Caro-
lina being the home of his ancestors and enumerated important
epochs of our history. He then gave sound and statesmanlike
counsels to the young men. advising them to assist in keeping
our country on the lines laid down by Washington, Hamilton,
Jefferson, and Madison, and other fathers of the republic.
While his address was not eloquent it was full of good sense
and wise teachings.
The degrees were then conferred :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 13
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 10
Bachelors of Science (S.B.) 10
Bachelors of Letters (B.Litt.) 4
Bachelor of Laws (B.L.) 1
Masters of Arts (A.M.) 2
Masters of Philosophy (Ph.M.) 2
Master of Science ( M.S. ) 1
Total (for names, see Appendix) 43
Certificates of Special Proficiency:
In English, J. W. Canada, E. C. Gregory, W. C. Smith.
In Mathematics, Percy Canaday, R. S. Fletcher.
In History, J. A. Moore.
In Chemistry, Thomas Clarke.
In Biology, George H. Kirby.
In Pedagogy, J. N. Cable, W. C. Smith, T. A. Sharpe.
Medals and Prizes:
The Mangum Medal, R. G. Allsbrook.
The Representative Medal. D. B. Smith.
The Holt Medal, A. T. Allen.
The Hume Medal, M. B. Aston.
The Hill Prize, J. F. Shaffner, Jr.
The Harris Prize, R. E. Zachary.
The Tolman Prize, W. C. Lane.
The Worth Prize, E. P. Carr.
Four graduates received the distinction of magna cum laudc,
J. W. Canada, E. C. Gregory, William R. Webb, Jr., and J. C.
Eller.
Commencement of 1896. 531
The success of the four graduates with great honor was
paralleled by their success as athletes. E. C. Gregory was cap-
tain of the University football team in 1895, and for four years
was one of the star players. W. R. Webb, Jr., was the best
player and captain of the "scrub" or second best team ; J. W.
Canada was one of this second team, and J. C. Eller was for
two years the crack player of his class team.
The devotion of Colonel and Airs. Thomas S. Kenan to the
University was shown by their arrival on Saturday evening in
defiance of feeble health on the part of Airs. Kenan, and se-
lecting rooms at University Inn, adjacent to the Campus,
where they could communicate freely with their friends among
Faculty and students.
The following poem by William R. Webb, Jr.. was sung by
the class, at the close of the exercises :
At last the final day has come
That ends our college life,
When we must go into the world
And enter in its strife.
Dear Chapel Hill, too soon this time
Has come when we must part:
We've learned to love the hills and dales,
And all thy honest heart.
We'll never let our work in life
Destroy our love for thee.
We'll never use a poison pen
In speaking harm of thee.
Thou'st nurtured us in truth and right,
To us thou hast been true:
We'll show the debt of gratitude
By being true to you.
'Tis hard to leave thee thus today,
To enter on our strife;
But parting pangs must ebb away
In joy of new-sprung life
532 History of University of North Carolina.
Resignation of President Winston and Election of
Dr. Alderman.
The University again during this year lost its chief execu-
tive, President Winston accepting the newly created office of
President of the University of Texas, at Austin, at a salary
double what could be paid at Chapel Hill. He had shown won-
derful energy and power of arousing enthusiasm by pen and
speech. The increase in the numbers was largely owing to
his personal exertions.
Mrs. Spencer's praise of President Winston was generally
recognized as a just tribute to his character and work. "Keen,
active, and full of energy, well accomplished, armed at all
points and afraid of nobody, generous, public spirited and lib-
eral to a fault. * * * Besides these gifts of nature he is a
thorough scholar, dyed in the wool with love of letters and all
the gentle and noble influences which such training imports."
The Trustees passed resolutions expressive of their deep re-
gret at his retirement and their warm appreciation of his use-
ful services as an instructor for twenty-one years and as Presi-
dent for five years, a position calling for the exercise of untir-
ing energy, ceaseless tact, unflinching adherence to duty, wise
forethought and a determination to achieve success.
Dr. Edwin Anderson Alderman was unanimously chosen in
his place. He was born in Wilmington, N. C, May 15, 1861 ;
was prepared for college at Bethel Military Academy, near
Warrenton, Virginia. He entered the University in 1878 and
graduated in 1882, receiving special honors in Latin and Eng-
lish Literature and winning the Willie P. Mangum Medal for
Oratory. He was Principal of the Goldsboro High School
i882-'85, Superintendent of the Goldsboro Graded School
i885-'89, President of the North Carolina Teachers' Assembly
i885-'87, Superintendent of the Asheville and Newton Summer
Normal School. He was the Professor of History and Litera-
ture in the State Normal and Industrial School, member and
secretary to the Board of Visitors at West Point Military
Academy, Professor of Pedagogy and History of Education in
the University of North Carolina, Superintendent of the Uni-
Summer School of 1896. 533
versity Summer School, honorary member of the Maryland
Historical Society and member of the National Educational
Association, author of the Life of William Hooper and a Brief
History of North Carolina. Both in his writing and speaking
Dr. Alderman had shown himself the possessor of a clear and
polished style. In matter and manner he is an accomplished
orator.
At the time of his election he was a widower, his wife,
Emma, sister of Prof. R. H. Graves, very beautiful and ac-
complished, having recently died.
Summer School of 1896.
The Summer School of 1896, besides President Alderman,
had as its Faculty: PEOFessoks.
Joseph Austin Holmes, S.B., Geology.
Walter Dallam Toy, M.A., Modern Languages.
Francis Kingsley Ball, Ph.D., Greek Language and Literature.
Charles Baskerville, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry.
INSTKT7CT0KS.
Herman Harrell Home, A.M., Modern Languages.
Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble, Methods in Arithmetic and Algebra.
Alexander Graham, A.M., English Grammar and Psychology.
C. Alphonso Smith, Ph.D., English Language and Literature.
Austin C. Apgar, Botany and Zoology.
A. F. Newland, Vertical Writing.
A. Caswell Ellis, A.B., Psychology and Child Study.
John J. Blair, B.S., Geography.
Clarence R. Brown, Music.
Belle Thomas, Primary Work.
Blanche E. Little, Drawing.
Minnie Redford, Phonics.
Each day there was a conference of the entire school on
teaching and administration. A series of lectures was deliv-
ered by the Faculty and prominent speakers from abroad.
Inauguration of President Alderman.
The inauguration of President Alderman was on the twenty-
seventh day of January, 1897. The ceremonies were uncom-
monly interesting. A special train from Raleigh brought dis-
534 History of University of North Carolina.
tinguished visitors and enthusiastic alumni. On the rostrum
were Governor D. L. Russell, Lieutenant-Governor Reynolds,
Colonel Kenan, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, Rev. B. F. Dixon,
Rev. L. B. Turnbull, Prof. M. C. S. Noble, Dr. Kemp P. Bat-
tle, Air. R. H. Wright, and President E. A. Alderman. The
General Assembly took a recess in honor of the occasion and a
majority of the Members were in attendance. A large number
of presidents and professors of colleges and prominent citizens
were present and letters and telegrams were received from dis-
tinguishd educators, notably an eloquent and sympathetic com-
munication from the former President, Dr. George T. Win-
ston, Dr. J. L. M. Curry, Dr. W. R. Harper, President of the
University of Chicago, and others.
Hon. Thomas S. Kenan, President of the Alumni Associa-
tion, was the presiding officer. At his request Dr. B. F. Dixon
opened the exercises with prayer.
The first speaker was on behalf of the students, Mr. Robert
Herring Wright, who did himself much credit by his eloquent
and hearty welcome of Dr. Alderman to his high office and
assurance of the support of the students. I give part of his
address :
For the past six years this institution had at its head a will power
and intense vitality that could move the inert and indifferent, and,
through its deep interest in the education of the youth of the State,
secure and maintain the support of the entire student body. A
born leader, his fame has gone out abroad, and a State which is an
empire in itself with its teeming population and vast resources, has
attracted our whilom President to its broad field of action.
Not long did it take for public opinion in the outer world to agree
with the student body that another scion of North Carolina was the
destined successor of Dr. Winston. Happy we to know that North
Carolina had a son and this University an alumnus so admirably
suited to fill this responsible position. Our great expectations and
high hopes grew into conviction, and four months of administration
have filled us with increasing satisfaction and pleasure. I feel no
hesitation, sir, in saying you have already won the enthusiastic sup-
port of the whole constituency which you direct. We have never
seen the inner life of the University purer nor its students more
earnest and progressive. And this happy beginning is the augury of
a mutual understanding, a cordial fellowship in the work and service
for Alma Mater which will make her felt in every part of the State.
Inauguration of President Alderman. 535
Indeed, the citizen may point with pride to the advanced methods
of his own University. He may well rejoice that its elevated stan-
dards of instruction and its esprit cle corps have not estranged her
sons from the traditions of their fathers nor blinded them to the
duties of the hour, and the pressing needs of their less favored fel-
lowmen. Well may he congratulate himself that, while in the North,
the South, and the West she is credited with scholarly thoroughness,
culture, and vital force, at home she cherishes her people's interests,
supplies nurture and vigor to the body politic, and forms a living
bond between them and the great public school system. Indeed, she
is "of the people, by the people, and for the people."
"Wisdom is justified in her children" — justified in this opportune
choice. State pride, patriotic feeling, as well as culture and scholar-
ship, join hands today with the students to set in his place the
efficient executive, the trained teacher, and the friend of youth and
of the whole people.
With welcome and hearty greeting, we bid you and our Alma
Mater God-speed in your glorious work.
Dr. Battle was then introduced by the presiding officer to
speak in behalf of the Faculty. Among other things he said :
Fourteen years ago I presented to that excellent Governor and
friend of the University, Thomas J. Jarvis, for his bachelor's de-
gree, one who was of the highest scholarship in his class. He had
previously carried off prizes much sought after by our students, and
especially the Representative and Mangum medals for excellence in
oratory. Never before or since have the Faculty, in my day, awarded
a diploma to a graduate more certain of future success.
In Auld Lang Syne it was the unbroken custom for those worthy
to be crowned with the wreath of oratory, to adopt as their life work
the pulpit or the bar. I had not noticed in my graduate any par-
ticular leanings to the ministerial calling, and hence I was confi-
dent that I could see in the near future clients crowding to pour
into his pockets grateful fees, and see him brandishing his graceful
arms before the imprisoned twelve in the jury box. And then I
could see him on the political stump, demonstrating with sonorous
voice the angelic goodness of his own principles and the diabolical
wickedness of those of his opponents.
My imagination was a lying prophet. Like Solomon of old, he
chose the better part. He looked out over our State and beheld
children growing up in the gloomy ravines of ignorance, stunted
and distorted, with minds gaunt and hungry and brutish. From the
craggy peaks of the Unaka Mountains to the shifting sand dunes of
Chicamicomico he saw beauteous gifts of nature uncared for and
undeveloped. He saw our people with all the virile qualities of the
536 History of University of North Carolina.
great Anglo-Norman race the subject among our sister States of
ridicule or caustic sarcasm. Spurning the temptation to engage in
the pursuit of riches, or political honor, he determined to devote all
the energies of heart and mind and soul to the uplifting of the
children of the land.
It should be remembered that the public school system is an
organization, and like all organizations its most important part is
the head, without which it is a lifeless corpse. Without teachers
of cultivated minds, genial manners and Christ-like hearts, .heavy
taxation, costly apparatus, spacious buildings, are useless. The
greatest statesman of modern times, the blood and iron Bismarck,
wishing to reconcile recaptured Strassburg to the German Father-
land, gave, not wealth of architecture, lofty columns, great works of
sculpture and painting, but learned professors to teach in plain and
homely halls the God-given truths of all branches of knowledge.
Our graduate realized these truths. He determined to gain special
qualifications for his task. He explored the history of teaching in
all ages to learn the secrets of its masters. He sought out experts
of the present to gain minute knowledge of their methods. He made
practical application of the principles he learned with such success
that he soon stood among the foremost in his profession.
The teachers, recognizing his worth, chose him as the president
of their association. The Superintendent of Public Instruction
pressed him into the service of imparting his experience to the
teachers in the counties. He cooperated with the able and enthusi-
astic Mclver in securing for the young women the Normal and
Industrial Institute. On the urgency of President Winston, always
on the lookout for the best material for his Faculty, our sagacious
Board of Trustees induced him to take charge of the chair for
special training of teachers and the conduct of our Summer School.
There is not a county which has not felt the influence of his instruc-
tion, and the winged words of his public addresses have flown to
all observers of educational progress throughout the union.
In all these relations our graduate showed executive power,
knowledge of men, ability to influence others, restless energy, in-
domitable pluck, and withal the virtues and courtesies of the
Christian gentleman.
And so when the University of a distant State, with larger in-
come than ours, cast its envious lasso over the neck of our able
and progressive Winston, and carried him off to the banks of the
Colorado, with the plaudits of all intelligent men of our State, our
keen sighted Board of Trustees placed the crowning honor of the
Presidency of the University, the constitutional head of the public
school system, on the head of this ripened product of our Univer-
sity, prepared by long experience in public school work — Edwin
Anderson Alderman.
Inauguration of President Alderman. 537
Happy omen it is for our future educational progress. For the
first time in our history this highest office in the hierarchy of teach-
ers is given, not to one who, like Caldwell and Chapman and Pool,
"wagged their heads in a pulpit"; not to one like Swain and Battle,
whose experience was gained at the bar and in political office; not
to one like Caldwell and Pool and Winston, whose reputations were
won in professorial chairs; but to one whose fame has come from
arduous and successful labors for the teachers and the children of
our public schools.
Governor Daniel L. Russell, an alumnus of 1861, then de-
livered to Dr. Alderman the charter and seal of the University
and formally inducted him into the office of President, after an
eloquent portrayal of the work of the University in the past.
He also counselled that early efforts should be made to estab-
lish a well equipped and flourishing school of teaching.
Dr. Alderman replied briefly, accepting the office as a clear
duty. He said in closing, "I have faith that the God who
prompted the fathers to create will not fail to arm the children
with wisdom to preserve."
The next speaker was Professor Nicholas Murray Butler, of
Columbia University, afterwards its president. His theme was
that this century is preeminently the century of education.
From the kindergarten to the University, education is ready
and waiting for the poor as well as the rich, for the child of the
farm as well as for the scion of the city. The State University
is the most democratic part of a democratic school system. If
not provided by the State the privilege of higher education,
carrying with it trained directive power and increasing
chances of leadership in life, would be restricted to the sons
and daughters of the well to do. It is the duty and responsi-
bility of the State to furnish a higher education of its own, lib-
eral, nonpartisan, nonsectarian, and substantially free.
Founded in the year of our national independence, this Uni-
versity was the first to receive the sanction and protection of
constitutional law.
Dr. Alderman's inaugural address was masterly. Some of
his statements should be recorded. "We have the largest num-
ber of academic students in the South, three hundred and
ninetv-three. Besides these there are one hundred and fiftv-
538 History of University of North Carolina.
three in the Summer School. * * * All sects, parties, con-
ditions, and occupations are here, and they rise and fall as they
have character, brains, and energy. * * * Over one-half
are the sons of farmers. Three-fourths are the sons of poor
men to whom their presence here means anxiety and self-denial.
Eighty are working their way by honorable labor, from waiting
at the table to cutting hair. Forty are here as the result of
money earned or borrowed. Forty are aided by loans and
nearly nine hundred have received aid from the University in
the loans or scholarships in the past twenty years." * * *
"The presence of many a boy here today, looking down from
these galleries, means almost a tragedy in some faraway home.
It means that the fathers and mothers lie awake in the still
night hours and take counsel together how they may work a
little harder each day, saving here and scrimping there, denying
themselves this luxury and that comfort, that this child of
their flesh may know the life denied to them, may walk upon
the mountain ranges of life while they toil in its valley. Is it
a crime for the State, for its own sake, to aid such people? It
would seem that the angels in heaven would envy mortal men
so fine a service."'
Dr. Alderman then testified to the healthy and manly public
opinion in the University. "Our first duty is to enable the stu-
dents to catch the spirit of the great masters of thought; our
next is to the people, to aid in developing our resources. We
owe a duty too to our women, and should open our postgradu-
ate courses to them." He advocated larger appropriations, espe-
cially an adequate water supply, the remodeling of the library,
the repair and care of buildings and grounds. "The University
also needs a Chair of Political and Social Science, a Chair of
Pharmacy and thirdly a strengthening of our Summer School
for teachers."
Dr. Alderman discussed the value of higher education. He
said, "Forty-two out of the fifty Signers of the Declaration
were college men. Three of the five who drafted it were grad-
uates. Thirty-six of the fifty-five who wrote the Constitution
came out of colleges. Fifteen of our Presidents, one-half of the
Senate, and one-third of the House of Representatives are col-
Inauguration of President Alderman. 539
lege men." * * * "The University serves a State: (1) It
pours into the community a steady stream of generous minded,
capable men who have a sense of public duty and multiply their
influence a thousand fold. (2) The University tends to de-
velop and elevate the people. Leaders rule, education develops
leaders. (3) It serves the State by gathering together in a
common effort all its citizens. The believers in every creed
and the adherents of every party meet on common ground and
partake of a common pride. (4) The University investigates
its public school system. Our ideal should be an eight months
school aided by as generous a general tax as possible, and sup-
plemented by local taxation. (5) The University serves the
State by ennobling the idea of the State in the minds of its
picked youth. Out of the marriage of Christianity and democ-
racy have been born the nobler institutions of society, hospitals,
libraries, colleges, universities. In an atmosphere like this
young men behold the Christian State not only right and just
and law enforcing, but informed with a conscience, a heart, a
purpose, and a will. There is born that large civic pride which
is so infallibly a note of higher civilization.
"What can the State do for the University? It can under-
stand and sympathize with it. It can give what it needs for
life and growth. It can honor and protect its University. My
fancy has sight of the University in the strange new century
which awaits it and us, grown more beautiful in its outward
seeming, and fairer to look upon ; its altar fires alight and glow-
ing, ardent youths bearing our names and flesh of our blood,
streaming through its groves and its gray old walls, still invit-
ing out of the busy world all those who would seek the goddess
Truth. * * *
"The University is the people's school. Her watchword and
her graven motto shall be creative energy, enlightened civiliza-
tion, and untrammelled manhood.''
Various Facts for 1896-97.
The professions of the fathers of the new men entering this
year, 1897, were gathered, and are of interest: Farmers, one
hundred and four ; lawyers, sixteen ; physicians, fifteen ;
540 History of University of North Carolina.
merchants, thirteen ; manufacturers, five ; preachers, eight ;
teachers, eight, contractors, two ; mechanics, nine ; bankers,
two ; miscellaneous, nineteen ; unknown, thirteen.
In the same year there were nine graduate students, forty-
five Seniors, forty-seven Juniors, seventy-one Sophomores,
ninety-nine Freshmen, forty-five optional. In the collegiate or
academic department there were three hundred and seven, in-
cluding five women, seventy-two in Law, thirty-four in Medi-
cine, a total of four hundred and thirteen. In the Summer
School, one hundred and fifty-eight. The number of counties
represented was seventy-six ; number of States eight. North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, Tennessee, Penn-
sylvania, Illinois, Massachusetts, and the District of Columbia.
The counties sending the largest numbers to the University
were Orange, Forsyth, Mecklenburg, New Hanover, Wake,
Buncombe, Cleveland, Sampson, Wilson, Wayne, Alamance.
The record made by the Medical Department of the Uni-
versity for the year 1897 was brilliant. Out of the six prizes
competed for by the applicants for licenses before the State
Board of Medical Examiners at Morehead City, five were won
by University men. R. E. Zachary won the Anatomy Prize
and the appointment to the Wilmington Hospital. Charles
Roberson won the Surgery Prize and second general average.
H. J. Jones took the Appleton Prize for the highest general
average on examination. The last was awarded to Charles S.
Mangum in 1896 and Lee Coker in 1895, both University men.
Prizes were also won beyond the borders of the State. J. T.
Buxton was president of the graduating class in the Medical
Department of the University of Pennsylvania and won the
hospital prize. J. W. Davis led the class in Anatomy at the
Charleston Medical College. At the Long Island Hospital
College both of the prizes were carried off by our Lniversity
men, Isaac H. Manning winning the first hospital appoint-
ment and Charles Roberson the Anatomy Prize.
Dr. Eben Alexander, Professor of Greek, who had been
absent for four years as United States Minister to Greece, Rou-
mania and Servia, returned to his chair in the University
during1 this vear. He had been an energetic and wise officer
Lectures by Professors. 541
and left Athens with the personal friendship of the King. His
experience enabled him to add Modern Greek to his depart-
ment. *
Mr. Clinton W. Toms, graduate of 1889, who had won dis-
tinction as head of graded schools and had conducted the Uni-
versity Summer School with great success, accepted the newly
created Chair of Pedagogy. Receiving, however, an attract-
ive offer with a large salary to engage in other business, he re-
signed the professorship. His duties were for the present dis-
tributed, Prof. H. H. Williams teaching a class in the History
of Education, and other classes in Pedagogy were taught by
President Alderman and Mr. W. C. Smith, Assistant in His-
tory. Professor Marcus Cicero Stephens Xoble, the ener-
getic and successful Superintendent of the Graded Schools of
Wilmington, was elected to the Chair of Pedagogy.
Dr. Ernest Taylor Bynum was Adjunct Professor of His-
tory and Political Economy. Dr. Bynum was an alumnus of
this University, a graduate of Trinity College, North Carolina,
took a three years course at Johns Hopkins University. He
then took a Ph.D. degree at the University of Halle.
At this period the Professors delivered public lectures on
subjects chosen by themselves. The following list will show
the scope of these exercises, which were well attended by stu-
dents. Faculty, and villagers. Dr. K. P. Battle, "Charles Wil-
son Harris, first Professor of Mathematics in the University" ;
Prof. William Cain, "The Kalevala (the Epic Poem of the
Finns) and What it May Teach Us" ; Prof. Collier Cobb, "Liv-
ing Lakes and Dead Seas" (stereopticon) ; Prof. E. A. Alder-
man, "The Theory of the State" ; Dr. Eben Alexander, "The
Revival of the Olympic Games" ; Prof. J. W. Gore, "Cosmog-
ony" (stereopticon ) ; Dr. E. T. Bynum, "The Condition of
the Russian Peasantry, as Compared With That of the South-
ern Negro (personal observations)"; Dr. F. P. Yenable,
"Science and Modern Life"; Dr. Thomas Hume, "The Messi-
anic Ideal" ; State Geologist J. A. Holmes, "The Yellowstone
Park" (stereopticon) ; Prof. Karl P. Harrington, "A Roman
Boy" (stereopticon) ; Dr. Charles Baskerville, "The Gases of
the Atmosphere" (illustrated) ; Prof. H. H. Williams, "Chris-
tianity and Every Dav Life."
542 History of University of North Carolina.
The teaching force consisted of a Faculty of twenty, nine-
teen instructors, eight assistants ; preachers to the University
four, and of other officers five.
There were conspicuous changes in the Faculty of i896-'97.
Edwin Anderson Alderman being President assumed the
Chair of Political and Social Science. Dr. Richard Henry
Whitehead confined himself to the Chair of Anatomy. Charles
Staples Mangum, M.D., was made Professor of Physiology
and Materia Medica. Samuel May, from Massachusetts, was
added as professor in the School of Modern Languages.
On the twenty-first of February, 1897, the Trustees passed
an ordinance admitting women to the postgraduate courses.
Courses were offered as follows : Greek four courses, Latin
eight, Modern Languages six, English six, History three,
Mathematics two, Physics four, Chemistry four, Biology four,
Geology five, Pedagogy four. Philosophy one.
Owing to many excellent female schools in the State and the
Girls' Normal and Industrial College the experiment has
not met with much success. The attendance has averaged
only about half a dozen a year, but of these there have been
some brilliant students.
The Department of Pharmacy was established in March of
this year and Mr. Edward Vernon Howell was chosen to take
charge of it. Mr. Howell is a graduate of Wake Forest Col-
lege. He then received the degree of Graduate of Pharmacy,
Ph.G., at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. He has won
reputation since as a practical pharmacist and has filled high
positions in the State Pharmaceutical Association. His life
shows that he has energy, ability, and intellectual gifts of a
high order. The students in his department have laboratory
facilities in the cognate studies of Physics, Biology, Chemistry,
and Physiology. The course is two years and the degree, Grad-
uate in Pharmacy (Ph.D.).
Commencement of 1897.
The Commencement of 1897 was in the first year of Dr.
Alderman's presidency. The Baccalaureate preacher was Rev.
Dr. T. S. Felix, of Asheville. The text was, "All things work
Commencement of 1897. 543
together for good to those who love God." (1) God created
us for His own glory. (2) He is a benevolent God. (3) His
purposes will be fulfilled. (4) Those who love God share in
His glory.
The Class Day exercises of the Seniors of 1897 were un-
commonly interesting. Rev. N. H. D. Wilson offered prayer.
The Class History and Statistics were entrusted to Ralph Henry
Graves ; the Poem was the work of William Starr Myers, and
the Prophecy by Henry Graves Connor, Jr. The speeches were
witty, and the Prophecy abounded in the fun of exaggeration.
Mrs. Spencer contributed an ode especially in honor of the
class. The poem of Mr. Myers was much praised.
The President, David Baird Smith, then on behalf of the
class presented to the University a bust of Robert E. Lee.
It was accepted by President Alderman. Colonel Thomas S.
Kenan expressed the appreciation of the Board of Trustees.
The speech of President Alderman accepting the bust of
General Lee was singularly elegant and in good taste. At the
close he said, "Our hero is not some strange portent, half
demon and half angel, 'in whose brain the eagles of inspiration
built their eyries and in whose breast hissed the serpent of am-
bition,' as Heine said of Napoleon, but a great, beautiful, reso-
lute man unshaken by victory and undismayed by disaster. So
large and ample his nature, so gifted with royal genius — and
yet so merciful, so sweet-tempered and withal so good. * * *
He has become an ideal to a whole land, incarnating their
aspirations of manliness and realizing their dreams of right
living."
From gallery to ceiling were flags and streamers of white
and blue. The portraits of Davie, Swain, Worth, and Hawks
were displayed, with the bust of Robert E. Lee conspicuous.
The exercises were enlivened by music from Kesnich's band.
In the afternoon the class marched around and cheered the
buildings, then under the Old Poplar smoked the "Pipe of
Peace," and sang "The Old North State." The band then gave
the tune of "Dixie" with enthusiasm.
The statistics of the class should be recorded. Average age,
twentv-two vears, eight months ; weight, one hundred and fiftv
544 History of University of North Carolina.
and one-half pounds ; height, five feet seven and one-half
inches ; brown-eyed men, fifteen ; blue-eyed, thirty ; town boys,
thirty-two ; country boys, thirteen ; future professions : law-
yers, seven ; physicians, three ; preachers, two ; chemists, three ;
commercial men, two; teachers, fourteen; manufacturer, one;
journalist, one; mining engineer, one.
At night there was the usual private meeting of the honorary
and the working members of the two societies and the usual
speeches of those who had gone out into the world and ven-
tured to review then the scenes of their youth.
The banquet, attended by the alumni and those specially in-
vited and the Seniors, possessed more than the usual interest
and pleasure. The speaking was of high order. In the absence
of Governor Russell, Lieutenant-Governor Charles A. Reyn-
olds, alumnus of 1868, spoke on North Carolina and Her Uni-
versity. The next speaker was Warren G. Elliott, alumnus of
1865, president of the Coast Line Railroad Company after the
death of Colonel R. R. Bridgers, whose subject was, "The
University in the Industrial Development of the State."
Then came United States Senator Lee S. Overman on "The
LTniversity and Citizenship." He was followed by ex-Colonel
and Editor Edward Joseph Hale, A.B. i860, "The University
and Her Alumni — What the University Owes to Her Sons."
Claude Dockery, a graduate of 1887, was the next speaker,
his subject being "The Alumnus and the University — What
the Alumni Owe Their Alma Mater."
George Edwin Cutler, of the Class of '89, spoke on "The
University and the Public Schools."
The oldest alumnus present was John L. Williamson, of the
graduating class of 1847.
On Wednesday night came the speaking of the representa-
tives of the two societies. Those of the Philanthropic were
William Willis Brogden, on "Revolution and Life"; Pleasant
Daniel Gold, Jr., on "Social Discontent," and James Daniel
Parker, on "Liberty and Law." The Dialectics were James
McEntire Carson, on "Education and Nature" ; Paul Finley
Cheek, on "The Poet of Democracy"; Paul Cameron Whitlock,
Commencement of 1897. 545
on "The Truce of God." The judges, selected by the speakers
from prominent visitors, decided in favor of Gold.
After this exercise the company adjourned to the Faculty
Reception in the Gymnasium. With music and promenading
and handshaking there was notable enjoyment until midnight.
The next morning, after the procession and prayer in Me-
morial Hall, four Seniors competed for the Mangum Medal in
the presence of the usual numerous audience. Arch Turner
Allen spoke on "The Relation of Government to Freedom" ;
S. Brown Shepherd on the "Growth of Law" ; Donald Mclver
on "The Conflict Between Knowing and Feeling" ; David B.
Smith on "American Civilization." The judges awarded the
coveted medal to Smith, but many thought Shepherd "ran him
to his throat latch."
The graduates and the audience were then privileged to
listen to a polished and thoughtful address from Hon. William
Lyne Wilson, LL.D., President of the West Virginia Uni-
versity. He left the University of Virginia in 1862, as a pri-
vate in the Confederate Army. He was a Representative in
Congress for twelve years and was accorded the honor of the
Chairmanship of the Committee on Ways and Means. He
was author of the Wilson tariff bill, which, mutilated in the
Senate by the high protectionists, was as near an approach to
a "tariff for revenue only" as could pass Congress at that
time. He was eminent as a clear, eloquent and graceful
speaker.
He was much pleased with the University and its progress.
When he left he donated his expenses as a prize to the student
who would write the best essay on "The Influence of Madison
on the Constitution." He strongly and wisely showed that it
requires educated intelligence to secure liberty. "Names, con-
stitutions, even universal suffrage signify little ; the potential
energy, the living spirit of freedom is found in none of these,
nor yet in charter or bills of rights, or declarations or statutes,
but in the individual enlightenment and morality of the people
and in their devotion to personal liberty. The responsibility
for wise leadership falls directly upon those who are trained
for citizenship in the great schools founded and maintained by
35
546 History of University of North Carolina.
the State. Liberty is not a boon bestowed on the weak, the
ignorant, the unpatriotic, and the undeserving, but the highest
and noblest reward of moral and intellectual development."
The prize offered for the best essay on "Madison and the
Constitution" was won by a very promising student, William
M. Walton, descended from General Charles McDowell, of the
Revolution and from Governor Charles Manly, of this State.
He afterwards volunteered for the Cuban War, then enlisted as
a private, won a Second Lieutenancy on examination, rose to be
a First Lieutenant, and fell a victim to tuberculosis, contracted
in hard soldier's life in the Philippines. He had the gifts which
lead to a distinguished military career.
The degrees conferred were :
Bachelors of Arts 17
Bachelors of Philosophy 9
Bachelors of Science 9
Bachelors of Letters 7
Bachelors of Laws 2
Master of Arts 1
Master of Science 1
Total 46
All degrees granted in course appear in the Appendix.
HONORS IN THE JtJNIOR CLASS :
Peter Harden Ely, Archibald Henderson, Charles H. Johnston,
John G. McCormick, Percy W. McMullan, John D. Parker,
Edward Emmett Sams.
In the Sophomore Class:
Highest to John Robert Carr, Thomas J. Hill.
Honors to Marsden Bellamy, Jr., Claude B. Denson, Jr., John
Donnelly, Benjamin B. Lane, James E. Latta, William J.
Webb.
In the Freshman Class:
Highest to William Frank Bryan.
Honors to Lester VanNoy Branch, Ernest Graves, John F.
Green, John W. Greening, John W. Hinsdale, Jr., Kemp
P. Lewis, Claude L. Miller, David P. Parker.
Commencement of 1897. 547
Certificate in Latin was awarded to Darius Eatman.
In English to William W. Boddie, William J. Horney, Thomas
L. Wright.
In Physics to Arch T. Allen, Robert S. Fletcher.
In Biology to Alfred F. Williams, Jr.
In Geology to John H. Andrews, Allen H. Edgerton, Donald
Mclver and Lionel Weil.
Medals and Prizes:
Holt Medal — Archibald Henderson.
Hume Medal — Robert Vance Whitener.
Mangum Medal — David Baird Smith.
Representative Medal — Pleasant Daniel Gold, Jr.
Hill Prize — John Gilchrist McCormick.
Harris Prize — George Edgar Newby.
Worth Prize — Sylvester Brown Shepherd.
Kerr Prize — Donald Mclver.
Manning Prize — Lewis Lake Rose.
Materia Medica Prize — Edwin Jones Nixon and William Jack-
son Weaver.
Early English Text Society Prize — Wm. Johnston Horney.
Summer School of 1897.
The Summer School had an able corps of teachers under
Professor Clinton W. Toms, who did not resign his charge
until after its close. The other teachers were :
Prof. Wilbur S. Jackman, of the Chicago Normal School, author
of "Nature Study," in Natural Sciences.
Prof. William F. Gordy, author of "The Pathfinder in American
History," had charge of American History.
Dr. Charles A. McMurry, University of Chicago, Secretary of the
National Hebart Society, author of "General Method" and "Special
Method in Literature and History," discussed Scientific Pedagogy.
William J. Milne, Ph.D., LL.D., President of the New York State
Normal College, author of Algebra and Arithmetic, on the teaching
of Arithmetic.
Miss Nettie Bemis, graduate of Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, teacher
in the Durham Graded Schools., had charge of the class in Manual
Training.
Prof. Edward P. Moses, Winthrop Normal School, author of
Moses' Reader, had charge of Primary work.
Superintendents of city schools gave courses of lectures: Super-
intendents Noble in Mathematics, Graham of Charlotte in History,
McLaughlin of Wadesboro, author of "Prima Pensa Latina," in
Latin.
548 History of University of North Carolina.
Prof. Philander P. Claxton, of the Normal and Industrial College,
instructed in Physiography.
Prof. Joseph A. Holmes made excursions with the teachers for
study of Geology, Geography, and Physical History.
Members of the Faculty of the University took part in the School,
viz., Alderman, Toms, Toy, Hume, Cobb, Mangum, Baskerville, Lins-
cott, Webb, Coker.
L. D. Howell, Elementary Latin.
E. B. Lewis, Geography.
T. J. Wilson, Jr., Greek.
Mathilde Coffin, Primary Work.
Minnie Redford, Primary Reading and Language work.
Clarence Brown, Vocal Culture.
Each day there was a conference of the school for the dis-
cussion of vital matters. Each student received a certificate of
attendance on his lectures and had credit for the same, if he
became a student of another department of the University.
The expenses were light, tuition five dollars, registration fee
one dollar ; a small extra fee for music. Board at the hotels
fifteen dollars, but cheaper elsewhere. The dormitories were
not thrown open to the pupils and teachers. The attendance
was one hundred and eighty-five.
Athletics in 1897.
The arguments in favor of football playing published in
1897 were strong then and are strong now. Premising that
much exercise is needed for growing youth, it was contended
that gymnasium exercises, prescribed for all but Seniors, were
irksome and often avoided. The majoritv do not find recrea-
tion and amusement in it. Excitement is necessary to healthy
exercise. The thought of books should for an hour or two be
swept from the mind. Again, absorbing exercise is essential
for disciplinary ends. It has secured exemptions from the
riots of old times.
"If football should be given up, what should be substituted?
It interests more students than any other game. It is a scien-
tific game and requires much headwork. The necessary self-
control requires careful training. It requires the activity of
everv muscle and of eve and brain. Although it is a roueh
Athletics in 1897. 549
game, no one is allowed to play without the assent
of parents. That players may be accidentally injured is
admitted, but there is danger in hunting, bathing, railroad
traveling, baseball. The game has been played here for eight
seasons, half a dozen match games have been played each
season, and fifty or sixty practice games, and no one has re-
ceived serious or lasting injury. There are too many lesser in-
juries, however, and the University is endeavoring to secure a
modification of the rules in order to diminish them. The Uni-
versity allows five days absence during the year. This is not a
serious loss to study, while many of the team derive great
benefit from traveling to important places. As a rule the mem-
bers of the team show commendable scholarship. Of the
twenty-five connected with it the present year four are classed
as poor students, about one-fourth as fair, three-fifths are good
students and over half of these stand good chance of winning
honors. A student who has failed to pass one-half of his exam-
inations is barred from being a member of a team or musical
organization." As another writer says :
"A nation can not afford to lose its aggressive manliness, en-
durance, courage, restraint, the power to act surely and unfal-
teringly in an emergency. A man in football must learn to be
cool headed while he is impetuous, to think and act on the in-
stant. And if he has the making of a man in him he attains
the blending of courage and courtesy, which distinguishes the
strong man from the powerful brute."
In addition to the foregoing points it should be mentioned
that the popularity of the game increases the desire of young
men to attend the University. To these points mainly apper-
taining to the players, it should be added that the effect on the
non-players is wholesome. The game develops a strong esprit
de corps in the student-body and in the intense desire for suc-
cess the attention of the students is withdrawn from the pranks
and annoyances liable to occur among young folks with no
occupation to fill up vacant hours. It must be said, however,
that besides providing that unnecessary roughness shall be
eliminated from the game, the tendency to bet on the result of
the contest is an evil which should be controlled as far as pos-
sible.
550 History of University of North Carolina.
In track athletics Fabius Haywood won in the one hundred
yards dash (ten seconds) and two hundred and twenty yards
dash (twenty-three and three-fourths seconds) ; C. E. Harris
highest in pole vault (eight feet ten inches) ; G. M. Monk first
in hammer throw (eighty-seven feet seven inches) ; C. E.
Harris first in high hurdle (twenty-one and one-fifth seconds) ;
R. A. McEachern, four hundred and forty yards run (fifty-six
and four-fifths seconds). The Director was H. E. Mechling.
The baseball team of 1897, B. E. Stanly, captain, with A. W.
Mangnm and Roy Williams, pitchers, did not win conspicuous
laurels. They defeated Oak Ridge, Wake Forest, Lafayette
(twice), Franklin, and University of Georgia. They tied Le-
high. They went down before University of Virginia (twice),
Lehigh, Yale, Princeton, and once before University of
Georgia. It thus appears that they came out second best in
the contests with the larger institutions. The score was close
in games with the L niversity of Virginia, six to seven ; LTni-
versity of Pennsylvania, five to six ; L niversity of Georgia, ten
to eleven.
On November 21, 1897, died David Gaston Worth, only
sixty-six years old, an honor graduate of 1853, only son of
Governor Jonathan Worth. He was a Trustee and liberal ben-
efactor of his Alma Mater, the founder of the Worth Prize in
Philosophy. He was a prosperous commission merchant of
Wilmington.
Special honor being due Mr. Worth, a memorial service was
held in Gerrard Hall on November 26th. Rev. N. H. D. Wil-
son made the opening prayer, tenderly referring to his Chris-
tian character. Dr. Manning was the first speaker and testified
to his life, crowned by virtue, integrity, honesty, and purity.
Dr. Battle, who had taught him at the University and had been
State Treasurer when his father was Governor, pointed out
how the noble qualities of an upright father had descended to
the son.
President Alderman then made the address of the occasion,
in his usual eloquent style. From boyhood he had known Mr.
Worth. He declared "that this Universitv has nourished on
Deaths of Prominent Alumni. 551
her broad bosom no worthier son, nor one who better used the
time appointed him to live. * * * The thing most worthy
to be learned from the life of our comrade is this : there is dig-
nity and even glory in an upright life, however hidden from
public gaze, and any bit of good work into which heart and
blood and nerve have gone is, by that token, immortal. * * *
The tablet bearing the name of David Gaston Worth in Me-
morial Hall shall commemorate a Christian gentleman who
lived the good life and did not ever fail in his work, and his
fame shall vie with all jurists, statesmen, soldiers, and rulers."
Two other alumni of unusual prominence died this year.
Armand John DeRosset, M.D., of Wilmington, the oldest
graduate, of the Class of 1824, the oldest railroad director in
America, commission merchant, treasurer of the Diocese of
North Carolina and later of East Carolina. Died December 9,
1897, ninety years old. He was a man of extraordinary
virtues.
Thomas Lanier Clingman graduated with highest honors in
1832 ; a resident first of Surry County and then of Asheville.
Representative and Senator in Congress ; Brigadier-General
C. S. A., twice wounded ; Member of Constitutional Conven-
tion of 1875; author of "Speeches of T. L. Clingman," with
explanatory comments. Died November 3, 1897.
Report of Visiting Committee,
The report of the Visiting Committee, composed of Hons.
C. A. Cook, A. W. Haywood, and J. Lindsay Patterson, was
singularly able and exhaustive. Their testimony was em-
phatic in its praises of the teaching, the management and the
behavior of the students. Their recommendations were ap-
proved by the Board as to appropriations for equipment,
changes in the Library, the election of an Assistant Professor
of Law, and the establishment of a Department of Engineering.
The committee expressed great satisfaction at the inner life
of the institution, especially for the willingness of needy stu-
dents to labor for their support, and the manliness and courtesy
of all. The relation between the professors and students is of
respect and friendliness on both sides. The committee did not
.552 History of University of North Carolina.
see or hear of a case of drunkenness nor did they hear a pro-
fane or indecent word in the two days of their visit.
"If a parent wishes his son trained in an atmosphere of re-
ligion and refinement, intellectuality and toleration (both polit-
ical and sectarian), of sobriety and absence of vulgarity and
profanity, of plain and economical living and high thinking, he
will make no mistake in having him enrolled among the student
body of the University of North Carolina."
Commencement of 1898.
The ceremony of laying the corner stone of Alumni Hall
was very interesting. It was done by the Free and Accepted
Order of Masons. The funds were a free gift of alumni.
The building was modeled after the Boston Public Library,
the architect being Mr. F. T. Wilburn. In it are the
public offices of the President and other officials, lecture rooms
and laboratories. In the corner stone were deposited the Uni-
versity charter, list of donors of the site, sketches of Presi-
dents Caldwell, Swain, Battle, and Winston, and of Vance ;
Dr. Hooper's "Fifty Years Since" ; Golden Jubilee Number of
University Magazine, 1844; Mrs. Spencer's University Ode
and Song of the Old Alumni ; Inauguration of Memorial Hall ;
list of the Confederate dead of the University; Sketches of
Benefactors and their Gifts ; the Inauguration of Alumni Hall,
with list of subscribers in 1895. Many of the documents were
of striking value. Also were enclosed copies of The Tar Heel,
University Magazine, News and Observer, and Charlotte
Observer of June, 1898.
After the corner stone exercises there was adjournment to
Memorial Hall, where General Julian S. Carr, in behalf of the
alumni, presented the building to the Trustees and Hon. Francis
D. Winston accepted it for the University. Both speeches were
received with hearty applause.
The Baccalaureate Sermon of 1898 was preached by a North
Carolinian, the Dean of the Theological Department of Van-
derbilt University, Rev. Wilbur Fish Tillett, D.D. He was
once a teacher in our Summer Normal School and therefore
well known to the elders of his audience. The discourse was
Commencement of 1898. 553
scholarly, impressive and instructive, and was full of religious
fervor. His text was "Till we all come in the unity of the
faith and of the knowledge of the Son' of God." His subject
had three subdivisions : ( I ) Perfect manhood, the ideal of
Christ life; (2) The place of faith and knowledge in ideal
manhood; (3) Conformity in Christ, the only perfect pattern;
the final test of perfect manhood. He closed with a strong plea
for the union of knowledge and faith and the striving after this
ideal by all educational institutions.
"Is St. Paul's measure of success ours? I believe it to be
the sole abiding measure for all men worthy of the name of
man ! * . * * To stand at the end like this old man, and say.
I have not made money. I have not held office, my name has
not been sounded in the trump of fame, but T have fought the
good fight, I have finished the work I set out to do, I have kept
the faith,' is the only true success."
On Monday, for the first time, there was an address before
the Law Class and a large miscellaneous audience by Hon.
Thomas C. Fuller, Judge of the United States Court of Land
Claims, alumnus of 1851. He admirably and aptly followed
Dr. Tillett in elaborating the subject, "The Perfect Man of the
Law." "Stay at your office and go often to your books" is a
much better commandment than one that says "Go West,
young man." He gave and explained golden rules for the
guidance of young attorneys. In closing he said. "I declare
unto you that in all my travels I have not found a place that
will surpass or even equal the Old Xorth State."
The society reunions at night were attended by the alumni
present and many reminiscences of the old days were
brought up.
Tuesday was given up to the closing exercises of the Senior
Class. After prayer in Gerrard Hall and an hour's interval
they marched into the same place in cap and gown. In the
presence of a goodly audience the President of the Class,
J. D. Parker, in happy style gave the welcoming address.
Then came the Historian, James G. McCormick, who gave the
class history for four years and its statistics. He stated that
the first woman graduate of the LTiiversity was the proud dis-
554 History of University of North Carolina.
tinction of 1898 in Miss Sally Stockard. He was followed by
Paul C. Whitlock, the Prophet, who "brought down the house"
by his satirical and ludicrous presentations of the future careers
of his fellows. P. W. McMullan delivered the Class Poem,
which met with rounds of applause.
The class then, by its representative, W. J. Brogden, pre-
sented to the University two handsome flags, one of North
Carolina and the other of the United States.
In the afternoon the class marched in front of the buildings
and gave their class cheer, then smoked the pipe of peace under
the Davie Poplar, and sang the University Song, surrounded
by an interested company of ladies and gentlemen.
On Tuesday night were delivered original speeches by rep-
resentatives chosen by the two societies. The Dialectics were
Thomas Contee Bowie, who spoke on "Political Progress as
Illustrated in American History," and Gilbert Roscoe Swink,
whose subject was "Types of Southern Statesmanship." The
Philanthropies were Edgar D. Broadhurst, who spoke on "By
Way of the Sea," and Robert Diggs Wimberly Connor, whose
theme was "The Problem of the Age." The judges gave the
preference to Mr. Broadhurst. The audience then adjourned
to Commons Hall, formerly known as the Gymnasium, to par-
ticipate in a pleasant social function, called the Faculty Recep-
tion.
On Commencement Day there were only four speakers,
chosen by the members of the Faculty from those offering to
compete for the honor. They were all good men, Pleasant
Daniel Gold, Jr., on "The Feudalism of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury"; Charles Hughes Johnston, on "The Hebrew versus the
Greek"; James Daniel Parker on "The Scholar's Duty to So-
ciety" ; Edward Kidder Graham on "The Economic Man."
The judges decided that Mr. Graham was the best.
The Commencement Address was then delivered by Hon.
Hannis Taylor, LL.D., an alumnus of 1867- '68. Settling in
Mobile, Alabama, Dr. Taylor distinguished himself as a law-
yer and writer on Constitutional History, and as Minister to
Spain and Professor of International and Constitutional Law
in Columbia University. He received the decree of Doctor of
Commencement of 1898. 555
Laws from the Universities of North Carolina, Edinburgh and
Dublin. His scholarly address received the profound attention
and admiration of the very large audience.
The graduating class then received their degrees, viz. : four-
teen Bachelors of Arts (A.B. ), eight Bachelors of Philosophy
(Ph.B.), nine Bachelors of Science (B.S.), two Bachelors of
Letters (B.Litt. ), thirty-three in all. To these may be added
four Bachelors of Laws (B.L.), two Masters of Arts (A.M.),
and one Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). The names of all
graduates will be found in the Appendix.
Governor Daniel L. Russell addressed the graduating class
in a short and very appropriate speech. He complimented them
as the most polite class that ever left the Lmiversity, because
it was the only class that had a woman in it. He concluded
with eloquent words that it was a solemn duty of the State,
whether in the throes of adversity or on the topmost wave of
prosperity, to maintain and strengthen its greatest institution
of learning.
Medals and Prizes were awarded as follows :
The Holt Medal to Ernest Horatio Woodson and Willis James
Brogden.
The Hill Prize to Pleasant Daniel Gold, Jr.
The Harris Prize to George Mary Pate.
The Worth Prize to Charles Hughes Johnston.
The Maxxixg Prize to Charles Exum Best.
The Wilsox Prize to William McEntire Walton.
The Materia Medica Prize to George Edgar Newby.
The Faculty for the year numbered twenty-one, Instructors
five, Assistants ten ; preachers to the L niversity. five ; Aca-
demic students, three hundred and sixty ; Law students, sixty-
nine ; Medical students, forty-three ; Pharmacy students,
twenty-one.
The Summer School Faculty numbered twenty-five and
pupils one hundred and forty-seven. The Instructors were :
William Robert Webb, Jr., English : William Cunningham
Smith. Pedagogy ; Harry Ellsworth Mechling, Physical Cul-
ture ; Arch Turner Allen, Assistant in Physics ; John Gilchrist
McCormick, Assistant in Geology.
556 History of University of North Carolina.
From the Report of Dr. Alderman.
In i857-'58 the number of students reached four hundred
and sixty-one; in i897-'98 four hundred and seventy-two. A
comparison of the work required at each period shows as fol-
lows : The Academic curriculum in the first period comprised
nine departments, with full professors in charge, comprising
twenty-two classes, consuming sixty-two hours a week. In
i8o,7-'98 there are thirteen departments, with a full professor at
the head of each, seventy-three classes being taught with one
hundred and eighty hours of instruction.
The Sciences in i857-'58 were represented by Chemistry,
Physics, Geology — a single department under one professor. In
i897-'98 there are separate departments of Chemistry, Physics,
Geology, and Biology. Provision is made for experimental in-
struction and practical work in these sciences by building, fit-
ting up and equipping laboratories for each. In i857-'58
there were the departments of Civil Engineering and
Chemistry applied to Agriculture and Arts. These studies
were pursued principally by those taking a partial course,
though to a limited extent could be elected by candidates for
the bachelor's degree.
The only professional department in the former period was
Law. In the latter also Medicine and Pharmacy. A bacterio-
logical laboratory and a dissecting hall have been provided.
In i857-'58 it so happened that the institutions south of us
had not gained popularity with their people, and there were
numbers of emigrants from North Carolina to the Southwest,
whose sons were ready for college. Hence we find one hun-
dred and sixty-students from other States and out of the total
attendance of four hundred and sixty-one only two hundred
and ninety-nine from our own State. In 1897-98 there were
only twenty-seven extra-State students, while out of the total
of four hundred and seventy-two there were four hundred and
forty-five natives. This certainly shows that the University
has a much prized popularity at home. A comparison of num-
bers from Orange, seven in the former, with forty-two in the
latter period, is an indication that it is more highly appreciated
bv its neighbors.
President Alderman's Report in 1898. 557
The differences in the patronage from many counties are
striking. For example Buncombe in 1897 had nineteen to one
in 1857, Forsyth twenty-four to none, Mecklenburg nineteen to
two, Sampson thirteen to four, Wake twenty-seven to fifteen,
Wayne eleven to five, Wilson thirteen to three. Some, how-
ever, show a falling off. For example, Chatham in 1897 had
three, with ten in 1857; Granville six, with fourteen; Halifax
five, with ten. Evidently as a rule the counties having pros-
perous towns had the greatest increase.
The diminution of the numbers from other States is very
striking. Alabama in 1857 had twenty-two, in 1897 one;
Arkansas in 1857 had three, Florida five, Georgia ten, Louis-
iana twenty-six, Mississippi twenty-eight, South Carolina
eight, Tennessee thirty-five, Texas nine. It appears that four
States that sent us one hundred and eleven students in 1857
sent only three in 1897; three that sent eighty-nine in 1857,
sent not one in 1897.
The Dramatic Club this year was very successful. They pre-
sented "London Assurance," by Boucicault, in Chapel Hill,
Tarboro, Wilson, and Wilmington ; "Modern Ananias" in
Chapel Hill, Winston-Salem, Greensboro, and Reidsville.
Prof. Samuel May was director and stage manager, R. E.
Follin, business manager, with G. D. Vick as assistant.
The Library during the year acquired by purchase seven hun-
dred and thirty-five volumes, and four hundred and seventy-
seven by gift. The principal donors were Captain Francis T.
Bryan, Gen. J. S. Carr, Miss Mary O. Rogers, Mr. W. L. Aren-
dell, Hon. Walter Clark, Col. J. B. Killebrew, and Messrs.
J. M. P. Otts and B. L. Wheeler.
President Alderman returned in May after a three months'
visit to the Holy Land and other countries, recruited in health.
He was welcomed with enthusiasm.
The athletic record during 1897-98 was creditable. In foot-
ball the University beat A. and M. of North Carolina forty to
nothing, Guilford sixteen to nothing, Greensboro twenty-four
to nothing, Clemson twenty-eight to nothing, University of
South Carolina twelve to nothing, LTniversity of Tennessee
sixteen to nothing, Bingham School fourteen to nothing. It
558 History of University of North Carolina.
was beaten by V. P. I. four to nothing, by Vanderbilt thirty-
one to nothing-, by University of Virginia twelve to nothing ;
seven games won, three lost. W. A. Reynolds, of Princeton,
was coach, with W. L. Kluttz chief, and Jones Fuller assistant
manager.
In baseball the University beat William Bingham School
nine to one, Oak Ridge eight to two, Trinity six to nothing,
Wake Forest twenty-eight to one and seven to one, Lafayette
nine to seven, Johns Hopkins twenty to nothing. Oak Ridge
fourteen to two, Trinity eleven to two. Lost to Lafayette
nineteen to nine, to Trinity nine to four. Tied Harvard LJni-
versity ten to ten. W. A. Reynolds was coach, R. H. Lewis,
Jr., chief, and Junius E. Caldwell assistant manager.
The Faculty changes and additions in 1897-98 were as fol-
lows : Henry Farrar Linscott, Ph.D., Associate Professor of
Classical Philology; Ernest Taylor Bynum, Adjunct Professor
of History and Political Science ; Marcus Cicero Stephens
Noble, Professor of Pedagogy : J. C. Biggs, Assistant Pro-
fessor of Law. Instructors, not heretofore named : Edward
Emmett Sams, in Physics ; Albert Franklin Williams, Jr., in
Biology ; Edward Jenner Wood, in Biology ; George Edgar
Newby, in Biology ; Henry Manger London, in Geology ;
Thomas Gilbert Pearson, Assistant Curator in Biological
Museum.
College Servants ix Period 1875 T0 1900.
The college servants were colored men. The chief was
Wilson Caldwell, whose father was for many years servant
under the old regime. Doctor November by name. His mother
was Rose, a slave of President Swain. Wilson, often called
by the students Wilkes, worked for the University from boy-
hood. When it was closed in 1868 he was made a Justice of
the Peace by Governor Holden, and as such had the honor to
issue a warrant for larceny of a dog against an ex-Professor,
which, however, was absurd and was quashed on a point of
law. He taught school for awhile in Pasquotank Count)'. His
judicial and professional dignities did not turn his head and
College Servants. 559
when the doors of the University were reopened in 1875 he
again entered her service. He was perfectly reliable and effi-
cient and had the unlimited confidence of Faculty and students.
It is a remarkable proof of his probity and good sense that in
the course of thirty years' service he was not censured by
either.
Caldwell was in all his career in life truthful, faithful, in-
telligent, respectful but free from obsequiousness. He held his
head up like a man of good sense, and of a good conscience.
He would never inform the Faculty of the misconduct of a
student, but he did not hesitate to give good advice to one of
wayward tendency whose room was under his charge.
He was a tall black man, very straight and with an intelli-
gent countenance, in manner courteous but with no appear-
ance of servility. Not long before his death, at the request of
the editor of the North Carolina University Magazine, I fur-
nished a sketch of him, which was published with an idealized
portrait. Being dissatisfied with this likeness which was
almost a caricature, he republished as a pamphlet the sketch
with a faithful engraving made from a photograph. When he
died, July 8, 1898, at the request of his pastor, of the Congre-
gational Church, Rev. Paul LaConte, I delivered in the church
a eulogy to his memory. General Carr and Judge Manning,
and others from Durham and Hillsboro, attended the funeral.
He had been a Methodist, but on account of the prosecution of
Ae of his sons by the church authorities for interruption of
public worship he joined the Congregational Church. This
denomination did not flourish in Chapel Hill. Soon after
Caldwell's death its authorities sold their church building and
schoolhouse and left the village. Mr. Wm. J. Peele (1879),
published a sketch of Wilson of rare literary power, fully en-
dorsing the foregoing statement of his virtues.
Another of the colored servants was Rev. Charles Johnson,
of the Colored Christian Church, a handsome yellow man who
was of undoubted probity, and with excellent manners. After
several years service he came to me to resign his place and
said, "My Bishop has a circuit in the eastern part of the State
that he wants me for. He savs it needs a man who has asso-
560 History of University of North Carolina.
dated with educated men about the University, and so he
picked me out and I feel bound to go." I parted, from him with
great reluctance. He was a good man. He still retains his
residence in Chapel Hill.
Tom Kirby, a big burly yellow man, an "old issue free man
of color," served the West building. He was capable, but
never gained a high character for probity. He was suspected
in the days before the war of selling whiskey on the sly to stu-
dents, a most lucrative business if detection did not follow, as
the profits were from one hundred to a thousand per cent on
the cost. Good behavior wiped out this suspicion, at least to
the extent of making him eligible for employment by the Uni-
versity. As he approached old age he became negligent and
a change was made to Eli Merritt, elsewhere described.
I witnessed, in truth I acted as judge, a ludicrous criminal
trial of Kirby by a moot court, a trial conducted with all due
solemnity, and as ably as could be expected of neophytes in
the law. Kirby was charged with mixing waters, that is of
pouring fresh water from the well into buckets whose contents
remained over from the night before. The fact was proved
and then Frank Hines, a bright young man, soon afterwards
drowned at Nag's Head, was brought in as a scientific expert,
to prove that water kept for hours in a bedroom took in solu-
tion quantities of carbonic acid gas (carbon dioxide) and
other deadly poisons. Of course Kirby was convicted by tjje
jury but no punishment followed. 4
Tom Kirby had a son, Edmund, who was employed in the
Chemical Laboratory. He was a preacher and some of his
sermons are said to have contained most lurid metaphors,
blazing with the transformations he had witnessed in the Lab-
oratory. These fiery reactions were typical of the flames
awaiting the damned for their sins.
Dr. Manning.
The Professor of Law, Hon. John Manning, died of angina
pectoris, February 12, 1899, and was buried in the churchyard
at Pittsboro. Dr. [Manning was born in Edenton, July 30,
Death of Dr. John Manning, 1899. 561
1830, and graduated with high honor at the University in
1850. He settled in Pittsboro and was a lawyer of ability and
success. He served in the General Assembly, the Secession
Convention of 1861, as Commissioner to Revise the Statute
Laws, as Adjutant of a regiment in the Confederate Army, as
Receiver under the Sequestration Laws, as Delegate to the Con-
stitutional Convention of 1875, and in the United States House
of Representatives. He was a Trustee of the University for
twenty years. He was a devoted member of the Episcopal
Church, and served in all the offices allowable to a layman —
Vestryman, Senior Warden, Superintendent of Sunday
Schools, Lay Reader, Delegate to Diocesan Conventions and
to the General Convention. Appropriate resolutions of a
hearty recognition of his lofty character as a man and teacher
were adopted by the Faculty, the Board of Trustees, the Phi-
lanthropic Society, the law classes, and the Chatham County
bar. One of his students, Hon. Thomas D. Warren, State
Senator, wrote to the University Record a tribute of uncommon
eloquence, testifying to his extraordinary excellence as a man
and as a teacher.
Memorial services in honor of Dr. Manning were held in
Gerrard Hall on the 19th. He was greatly loved in this com-
munity and the Chapel was filled with a sympathetic concourse.
President Alderman presided and the services were begun by
the singing of the hymn, "Jesus, Lover of My Soul" by the
University Quartet. Rev. Dr. William M. Meade, Dr. Man-
ning's rector, read a selection from the Scriptures and offered a
prayer. The quartet then sang "Abide With Me."
The first address was by Dr. Kemp P. Battle, who had been
thrown with Dr. Manning in various relations, in social inter-
course when they were students together, in practice at the bar,
in the Convention of 1861. as colleagues in the University, as
Trustees, and as neighbors and intimate friends. As the re-
porter said, "He dwelt very tenderly and pathetically upon his
lifelong intercourse with him and sketched in outline his useful
career," doing justice to the strength of his intellect and the
treasures of his heart.
Dr. Eben Alexander spoke next. He said Dr. Manning's
36
562 History of University of North Carolina.
life illustrated the fulfilment of life's truest, highest aims, high
service and simple truth and honor.
Prof. J. Crawford Biggs, the colleague of Dr. Manning in
the Law School, followed, telling of Dr. Manning's excellence
as a teacher, his affection for his pupils and their love for him.
By his daily life he gave them inspiration to seek for what is
good and noble.
Mr. J. F. Newell, of the Law class, then presented the reso-
lutions adopted by the class. He gave a touching account of
the overpowering sense of loss felt by the law students and the
benefits which they derived from their intercourse with their
friend and teacher.
The last speaker was President Alderman. He declared that
Dr. Manning's life was an epitome of all that the grand old
term gentleman should mean. His success as a teacher came
from his sympathy, his unfeigned love for those he taught, as
well as his learning and experience.
In place of Dr. Manning ex-Chief Justice James E. Shep-
herd, an alumnus of 1867, was elected by the Board of Trus-
tees. His learning was widely known and his aptness to teach
had been demonstrated in the Summer Schools, in which he
assisted. For family reasons he was unable to give up his res-
idence in Raleigh. In his place ex-Judge James Cameron
MacRae was chosen.
Judge MacRae was a broad minded man, an able lawyer,
hightoned and honorable. As a Member of the Legislature
from Cumberland he was one of the foremost in providing for
reopening the University in 1875. He supported prohibition
of the sale of ardent spirits when all his friends assured him
that his political prospects would be ruined by the vote. It
shows the uncommon strength of his character that he was
promoted to the Supreme Court bench by a great majority soon
after this vote. His opinions as Judge showed that he was a
sound lawyer and his instruction at the University demon-
strated that he was a brilliant teacher. The Law School of
Manning and Shepherd lost no reputation under MacRae,
McGehee, and Ruffin.
H. V. Wilson
Collier Cobb
J. E. Shepherd
J. C. MacRae
Chas. S. Man-gum
E. V. Howell
H. C. Tolman
Commencement of 1899. 563
At the Commencement of 1899 the preacher of the Bacca-
laureate Sermon was the Right Reverend Hugh Miller Thomp-
son, D.D., Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Mississippi. His
manner was rugged but this rather made more impressive his
strong, vigorous and eloquent utterances. .
Bishop Thompson's description of St. Paul was very strik-
ing. "The prisoner's ancestors were kings and princes and
prophets when the old Xorman-blooded English were running
wild in the German forests. His pedigree was a part of the
nation's life. He was educated in Jerusalem, at the highest
school, to learn the theology of his own people, was a Roman
lawyer and a Roman gentleman. He was not only a Jew of
high descent and highly educated, but he was a Roman citizen.
His psychology was that of Plato — body, soul and spirit make
up the man. This man began life with every element of suc-
cess. But one day there came to him a conviction, and he cast
away every advantage he had in life. His friends turned
against him and slandered him, and heaped malediction and
persecution upon him who had been the hope of his race, with
any place open to him as a Roman or a Jew. He had gone
to a sect which every man talked against. He left all these
advantages at the very dawn of life, not for great rewards,
for I think he was aware of what awaited him, but for bonds
and punishment, imprisonment and shipwreck — at last the
Roman prison and the Roman death.
"And yet this man had decided to advise the young man he
loved as a son to take the same course. By the measure of the
forum St. Paul had made a most abject failure, yet he does not
seem to think so. T have fought a good fight, I have finished
the course laid out, I have kept the faith, henceforth there is
laid up for me a crown of righteousness.' He claimed the vic-
tory with his feet on the brink of. the grave, and the grave
crumbling underneath, and the grave a bloody one."
On the next day the address was by Hon. Henry G. Connor,
late Speaker of the House of Representatives. It was wise
and strong. I quote a few sentences: "The conservatism of
the American bar will be the most potent factor in preserv-
ing libertv regulated by law, and in restraining within proper
564 History of University of North Carolina.
bounds the aggressions of wealth, and the unreasoning de-
mands of labor. In his office, in the forum, on the hustings, in
the halls of the Legislature, and on the bench, he should ever
keep in view his duty in this respect. * * * The lawyer
must stand for the maintenance and integrity of constitutional
guarantees of civil liberty and must proclaim and enforce the
truth that monopolies of all kinds are dangerous to liberty.
* * He must at the same time see to it that in repelling
this danger those principles on which depend the sanctity of
society are not violated."
On Monday were the Class Day exercises of the graduat-
ing class. At eleven o'clock the members marched into the
Chapel, arrayed in cap and gown. The officers sat on the ros-
trum. The address of welcome was by Julian S. Carr, Jr. The
History was by James E. Latta ; the Poem by Joseph M. Sit-
terson ; the Prophecy by Howard B. Holmes. These speeches
were in the usual lively and interesting vein.
Then the President. J. S. Carr, Jr., on behalf of the class,
presented to the University a bronze bust of our great war
Governor, Zebulon B. Yanee, likewise an alumnus, a Trustee
and warm friend of the University. It was accepted in happy
style by President Alderman in behalf of the University and
Robert T. Gray, for the Board of Trustees, of which he was a
member.
After this came the reading of the statistics of the class by
William E. Cox, and in the afternoon there was the usual
cheering of the University Buildings, around which clustered
reminiscences of studious toil, of lasting friendships, of youth-
ful jollity. In addition hearty cheers were given to the base-
ball captain, to the football coach, to ex-President Battle and to
President Alderman. This was succeeded by planting a sprig
of ivy from the mausoleum of Robert E. Lee on the South
Building. Then came smoking the pipe around the Davie Pop-
lar, class songs and the final yell.
On the next day the Class of 1879 nad a reunion, Hon.
Francis D. Winston delivering an address full of humor,
pathos, and pleasant reminiscences. Of the members James S.
Commencement of 1899. 565
Manning became a Judge of the Supreme Court ; Gaston A.
Robbins, now deceased, member of the United States House of
Representatives ; W. J. Peele, a strong lawyer and author ;
F. D. Winston, a Judge and Lieutenant-Governor ; Robert W.
Winston, a Judge; Dr. John M. Manning, a prominent physi-
cian ; Dr. K. P. Battle, Junior, a specialist ; R. B. Henderson, a
prominent physician; James C. Taylor, a bank president and
cashier ; W. L. Hill, a trusted and successful lawyer. Besides
these, but not present, were Alva C. Springs, a bank president :
Robert Strange, Bishop of East Carolina; Isaac M. Taylor,
Superintendent of the Morganton Sanitarium ; John C. Angier,
president of a railroad ; Archibald H. Arrington, Secretary of
the Penitentiary Board; Lunsford C. Clifton, of South Caro-
lina. It thus appears that 1879 was an uncommonly successful
class.
On Wednesday the society representatives delivered their
orations. The Dialectics were: George Xelson Coffey, "A
Menace to Republicanism" ; Alfred Rives Berkeley, "The
Great Commoner"; Thomas Tillett Allison, "The Perfect
State." The Philanthropies were David Preston Parker,
''What Shall be Our National Ideal?" ; Allen Johnson Barwick.
"The True Sectionalism" ; Xeedham Erastus Ward, "The
World Power." The judges decided in favor of Mr. Coffey.
There were five Seniors selected bv competition for speaking
on Commencement Day. They were : Thomas Contee Bowie.
''Republicanism is Imperialism" ; John Mabrv Greenfield,
Junior, "Colonial Assemblies"; James Edward Latta, "Institu-
tionalism and Its Demands"; Thomas Gilbert Pearson, "The
Quaker as a Factor in Civilization." The committee awarded
the victory to Mr. Bowie.
The Commencement Address was then delivered bv Dr.
Nicholas Murray Butler, then Professor of Philosophy in Co-
lumbia University, New York, afterwards President of that
institution. His subject was "The Function of Higher Educa-
tion in the State." The address was a most scholarly argu-
ment in favor of universities and colleges, and of their support
bv the State.
566 History of University of Xorth Carolina.
The degrees were then conferred, as will appear in the Ap-
pendix. There were thirty Bachelors of Arts (A.B.), twelve
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.), eight Bachelors of Science
(B.S.), one Bachelor of Laws, and four Masters of Arts. The
total number of graduates in course was fifty-five.
Medals and Prizes:
The Holt Medal — Charles Whitehead Woodson.
The Hume Medal — Louis Round Wilson.
The Harris Prize — Walter Vernon Brem, Jr.
The Worth Prize — Francis William Coker.
The Greek Prize — Philip Hall Busbee. Milton Mcintosh.
The Early English Text Society Prize — John Wm. Canada.
The Representative Medal — George N. Coffey.
The Mangtjm Medal — Thomas C. Bowie.
Certificates Awarded:
In Greek — V. L. Jones, Mary P. Kendrick.
In Latin — H. P. Harding, V. L. Jones, C. B. Denson, Jr.
In German — Katherine C. Ahern.
In French — C. B. Denson, Jr.
In English — C. C. Brown, J. Donnelly, C. F. Harris, J. H.
Hewitt, H. B. Holmes, Bessie L. Whitaker.
In History— E. D. Broadhurst, C. C. Brown, F. J. Coxe, H. P.
Harding, R. G. Kittrell, H. M. London.
In Physics — J. E. Latta.
In Mathematics — W. S. Crawford, J. H. Hewitt, R. F. Jenkins,
E. H. Woodson.
In Chemistry — E. V. Patterson.
The Faculty ix 1898-99.
The following changes in the Faculty occurred in 1899:
George M. McKie, graduate of the Boston School of Oratory,
was made Instructor in Expression ; Thomas Clarke, Ph.B.,
became Instructor in Chemistry, in especial charge of Dyeing,
etc. ; Dr. Karl P. Harrington resigned the professorship of
Latin, and accepted a similar professorship in the University
of Maine; James Crawford Biggs, Ph.B., resigned as Assistant
Professor of Law, and resumed practice in the courts of North
Carolina, settling at Durham ; James Cameron MacRae, LL.D.,
late Judge of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, accepted
the head of the Department of Law ; Collier Cobb dropped
Faculty Changes in 1899 567
Mineralogy from his title and became full Professor of Geol-
ogy ; Charles Baskerville became Associate Professor of Chem-
istry; Professor Bynum resigned his position and accepted a
professorship in a Western university.
The new Instructors were : Archibald Henderson in Mathe-
matics, James William Calder in Physical Culture, Henry
Mauger London in Geology, Wm. Edward Cox in Physics,
Jesse Knight Dozier in Physics, Francis Moore Osborne in
Mathematics ; Ralph Henry Graves, Librarian ; Dr. Alexander
was appointed Supervisor of the Library.
The preachers who officiated in our Chapel at the instance of
the Y. M. C. A. were Rev. E. W. Smith, D.D., of Greensboro,
on "Character Building" ; Mr. S. M. Sayford, College Evange-
list for the United States, a series of ten sermons ; Rev. Junius
Horner, afterwards Bishop, on "Internal Evidence of Chris-
tianity" ; Rev. H. F. Christberg, D.D., "The Ideal and Prac-
tical in Christ," or "Christian Character" ; Rev. W. W. Staley,
D.D., President of Elon College, "The Christian's Light That
Lighteth the World" ; Rev. F. F. Marr, Salisbury, "Bible
Ideals."
The preachers to the University were Rev. Peyton Harrison
Hoge, D.D., Rev. Rodney Rush Swope, D.D., Rev. Howard
Edward Rondthaler, A.B., Rev. Samuel Bryant Turrentine,
D.D., Rev. Junius Millard.
The officers were Professor Toy, Secretary ; Dr. Alexan-
der, Supervisor of the Library; R. H. Graves, A.M., Libra-
rian; E. L. Harris, Ph.B., Registrar; W. T. Patterson, Bursar.
Professor Karl P. Harrington, who resigned the professor-
ship of Latin, was an accurate and learned scholar and a very
efficient teacher. He was besides useful in other ways, partic-
ularly in advancing interest in music, in which he was profi-
cient.
Prof. Henry F. Linscott was advanced to fill the vacancy.
He was a native of the State of Maine, and was trained in the
Lmiversity of Chicago. He was an enlivening teacher, broad-
minded, courteous, and generous in aiding his pupils or others.
He was a skilled writer and had the gifts of a poet. He soon
brought a wife from Chicago, a lovable ladv. In about a vear
568 History of University of North Carolina.
thereafter, to the general grief of the Faculty, students and
villagers, he died.
Other Items of Interest for 1898- '99.
An interesting census was taken of the parentage of
the students then in the University, as follows : Those whose
fathers were farmers, thirty-six per cent ; merchants, fourteen
per cent ; physicians, seven per cent ; lawyers seven per cent ;
manufacturers, six per cent ; preachers, five per cent ; teachers,
five per cent. Seventeen other professions, contractors, master
mechanics, carpenters, bankers, railroad men, sawmill men, in-
surance agents, millers, editors, cotton buyers, civil engineers,
revenue agents, county court clerks, butchers, army officers,
postmasters, hotelists, twenty per cent.
Donations received in 1899: From J. S. Carr, to finish the
Carr building, $3,000 ; Mr. Henry Weil, of Goldsboro, a Trus-
tee of the University, gave $1,000 for equiping the Library —
half will be used for the purchase of works on Political and
Social Science ; a gift from Mr. James Sprunt, of Wilmington,
of $100 annually for the publication of Monographs on the
History of North Carolina.
A course of Dyeing and Bleaching was established. Dr.
Thomas Clark, who was employed to take charge of the labora-
tory work, had prepared himself for this in the course of two
years study in Germany. The lectures in the course are given
by Dr. Venable.
The Visiting Committee this year were Hon. Virgil S.
Luske, General Julian S. Carr, and Mr. Henry Weil. They
made a thorough inspection, interviewed separately members
of the Faculty, and addressed the student body. Their report
was eminently favorable.
The total amount of the Deems Fund was $19,056. During
the last two years fifty-eight students have been aided. The
cash on hand is $1,946.79. During the last year one scholar-
ship was given by James D. Murphy, '81, of Asheville.
The Potter collection of medical books and instruments was
the gift of Mrs. F. W. Potter, of Wilmington. A handsome
globe for the library was presented by Phi Kappa Sigma Fra-
ternity.
Items of Interest for 1898-99. 569
The third Annual Debate between this University and that
of Georgia was held on March 17th. The representatives of
Georgia were Messrs. P. L. Tison and P. H. Doyal, and those
of North Carolina were Messrs. E. D. Broadhurst and T. C.
Bowie. The subject was, "United States Senators should be
elected by a direct vote of the people," the Georgians having
the affirmative. The debate was at Athens, Georgia. The
judges were Hon. Porter King, of Atlanta ; Hon. W. S. Miller,
of Abbeville, S. C, and Prof. H. W. Smith, of Rome, Georgia.
The award was to the North Carolinians and many compli-
ments were made as to the excellence of their speeches and
manner of delivery.
The University Magazine, which had been suspended during
the administration of President Winston, was revived in 1897.
Mr. S. S. Lamb being editor in chief and Mr. F. O. Rogers
business manager. It is supported by the University and the
two societies. Its main object is to cultivate the literary art
among the students, and has many articles of value from time
to time.
Christian education is much in the mouths of some of our
people. They seem to think that education in State institutions
is "godless."' The fallacy of this notion may be seen by the fol-
lowing facts : Of the twenty-nine acting Professors and In-
structors in the University at this time fifteen had taught or
were then teaching in the Sunday Schools of Chapel Hill. One
or more Bible classes for students were conducted by members
of the Faculty in each of the four churches for the whites in
the town, and a general class was regularly held on Sunday
mornings in Gerrard Hall. Thirteen members of the Faculty
were then officers in their churches. Twelve out of seventeen
of the Professors were, or had been, officers in their respective
churches. The truth is that Christian education is the rule at
Chapel Hill, but denominationalism is avoided. .
For the football season of 1899 the captain was S. E. Shull
and the coach W. A. Reynolds. This University was mode-
rately successful ; victorious over the North Carolina A. and M.
College, Oak Ridge School, Guilford, Horner School, David-
son College, Universitv of Maryland, and Universitv of Geor-
570 History of University of North Carolina.
gia. It was beaten by tbe United States Xaval Academy, by
Princeton University, and Sewanee, and tied in a second game
with A. and M. College of North Carolina.
Mr. E. -N". Graham was elected President of the Athletic As-
sociation. '
President Alderman's Report.
The report of the President to the Board of Trustees shows
seventeen full Professors, one Associate, two Assistant Profes-
sors, seven Assistants, and five officers, thirty-seven officials in
all. The Summer School had twenty-one instructors.
Prof. M. C. S. Noble entered on his duties in Pedagogy,
James Crawford Biggs in Law, and Mr. Archibald Henderson
succeeded Air. George P. Butler as Assistant in Mathematics.
The President thanked the Board for leave of absence to re-
cruit his health in the South of Europe and Orient. Professor
Gore, as Dean of the Faculty, wisely administered the affairs
of the Faculty during his absence.
The registration of students, iSoJB-'cjc), shows: First year,
matriculating, one hundred and twenty-seven ; second year,
one hundred and nine ; third year, fifty-four ; fourth year,
fifty-seven ; graduate students, fourteen ; special, one, a total
of three hundred and sixty-two. Law — Summer, forty; Fall
and Spring, forty-three ; Medicine, forty-three ; Pharmacy,
twenty-one ; four hundred and ninety-one in all. Summer
School, one hundred and forty-nine. Eighty-five counties were
represented, the largest being Orange with thirty-five, Forsyth
twenty-six. Wake twenty, Mecklenburg and Johnston thirteen
each. By States there were thirty-six from twelve States
(counting the District of Columbia), other than North Caro-
line. We still led the South in Academic students and were
fifth in total enrolment. In i857-'58 there were four hundred
and sixty-one students.
Previous to 1892 the only building supplied with water was
the Chemical Laboratory — by a small tank and a hand pump.
During the summer of 1893 an attempt was made to supply
water throughout the institution from a large well, the water
pumped by steam into capacious iron tanks in the attic of the
Change of President, 1900. 571
South Building. This proved insufficient. The General As-
sembly of 1899 appropriated $7,500 for an adequate system of
water works. Steam pumps were put up on Bowlin's Creek,
about one and a half miles from the Campus, from which the
water was forced into a lofty tank, from which it descends by
gravity to the places needed. The amount is not sufficient,
and it may be necessary to apply for an additional appropria-
tion.
Resignation of President Alderman and Election of
Dr. Yenable.
On the fifth of May, 1900, Dr. Alderman resigned as Presi-
dent to accept the presidency of Tulane University. Dr. Fran-
cis Preston Yenable was unanimously elected in his place.
Doctor Yenable graduated from the University of Virginia
in 1879, then studied at Bonn and Goettingen, gaining the de-
gree of Ph.D. at the latter place in 1881. He was elected
Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry in this Uni-
versity in 1880 and his department has always been regarded
as one of the strongest. He is a member of the American
and the German, and Fellow of the London Chemical Society,
vice-president of the Section of Chemistry of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science. Sixty or more
of his papers have been published in the scientific journals of
this and other countries. He has been the leading spirit of the
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. He is author of "A Manual
of Qualitative Chemical Analysis," "A Short History of Chem-
istry," "Development of Periodic Law," and (in cooperation
with Howe) of "Inorganic Chemistry According to Periodic
Law." He is regarded as one of the ablest chemists in the
LTiited States.
Doctor Yenable is the only son of Colonel Charles S. Ven-
able, one of the Aides of General R. E. Lee in the Confederate
Army, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Virginia
and for some years Chairman of the Faculty. The son was
born in Prince Edward County, Virginia, November 17, 1856.
He married Sallie S., daughter of the late Hon. John Manning,
Professor of Law, L niversitv of North Carolina. Doctor Ven-
572 History of University of North Carolina.
able was known to have executive power, and there was gen-
eral approval of his election.
Doctor Alderman's character and career were sketched at
the time of his election as President. His determination to
leave us was greatly regretted. The Trustees passed strong-
resolutions of regret at his resignation. They testified that
his progressive and enlightened policy had at all times had
the approval of the Board. They realized the wisdom and
force of his far reaching plans for the growth and develop-
ment of the State's educational system. They offered to him
their heartfelt thanks for his patient, wise, talented, and suc-
cessful service.
Various Items for 1899- 1900.
The first number of the James Sprunt series of Historical
Monographs was issued during this year under the direction
of the Professor of History, Dr. Battle. It comprised first,
a brief sketch of all the members and officers of the Convention
of 1861, by Mr. J. G. McCormick. and. second, a statement of
every ordinance and resolution passed or attempted to be
passed by that Convention, known as the Secession Conven-
tion. Professor Battle was a member of the body and fortu-
nately preserved all the papers. A valuable feature was the
publication of amendments to the State Constitution proposed
by such wise statesmen as ex-Governor Graham, Chief Justice
Ruffin, etc., but not acted on because of the final adjournment.
In this year the Faculty adopted the plan of licensing stu-
dents, with the approval of the heads of departments, to coach
unprepared students. They were called Docents. The first who
received this dignity were W. S. Bernard in Greek and Psy-
chology, J. E. Latta in Physics, and G. N. Coffey in Geology.
The requirements for admission into the Freshman Class
were raised. Hereafter an approved examination must be had
in Arithmetic, the whole of a School Algebra, a College Alge-
bra to Quadratics, and three books of Plane Geometry.
Debating with other institutions was likewise begun at this
period. The first contests were with Vanderbilt, at Nashville,
Tennessee, and the University of Georgia, at Chapel Hill.
Intercollegiate Debates. 573
It may be of interest to record the preliminary steps here
«n preparation for these debates. The query is agreed on by
correspondence with members of the rival institution. Two
weeks after this agreement those striving for the honor have a
contest between themselves before a committee, generally of
the Faculty. Those chosen undergo thorough preparation by
reading and study, and then by practice. Xew books are
ordered if deemed necessary. After full opportunity for com-
pleting their arguments, they must undergo the attack of a
"scrub team,'' composed of two of the best debaters in the
societies, who take the sides of their opponents. This is in
public and is largely attended by the students. This is no
child's play. I have seen a "scrub" make the best speech on
either side. The position of Intercollegiate Debater is much
prized, not only for the honor, which is great, but for the sub-
stantial benefit and pleasure of a trip, if the contest is not at
home, and the amenities which usually fall to the lot of the
victors at the hands of their hospitable adversaries.
There was a noticeable change in the requisites for obtaining
postgraduate degrees. For the Master's degree three cognate
studies must be pursued with residence for one year, or, as a
nonresident, for two years. Examinations and a thesis are re-
quired. Graduates of other institutions are admitted only on
residence. For Doctor of Philosophy there must be two years
residence after obtaining the Master's degree. The candidate
must show high attainment in one or two studies and submit
a thesis showing independent research. There were this year
nine resident and thirteen nonresident candidates seeking the
Master's degree, and two the Doctor's degree. There were
only fourteen in 1889 and fifteen in 1897-1898. Subsequently
residence was required in all cases.
The University achieved a fine record in Athletics during
this year. The baseball team lost once to Oak Ridge and
gained one, beat Lafayette twice, Cornell once, University of
Tennessee twice. University of Georgia once and tied once,
University of Maryland once. R. B. (Bob) Lawson was
captain.
The football record was equally good. The University was
574 History of University of North Carolina.
victor over the Morganton team, the University of Tennessee,
Yanderbilt, Georgia, Sewanee, and Georgetown, and tied Virr
ginia Polytechnic. It was defeated by the University of Vir-
ginia.
This year the University put out a track team of which
Francis M. Osborne was manager. They captured the loving
cup offered by Mr. J. C. Horner of the Horner School by a
score of one hundred and twenty-nine and one-half to eleven
and one-half.
The alumni of Mecklenburg were organized into a Branch
Association. Colonel Hamilton C. Jones was elected Presi-
dent, Alexander Graham, Vice-President, and George G. Ste-
phens, Secretary and Treasurer. About thirty alumni were
present at the" meeting of the one hundred and thirty living in
the county. There were thirty undergraduates then at the
University.
The Association of Forsyth met at Winston. John W. Fries
was President, Rev. Dr. R. E. Caldwell, Secretary and Treas-
urer. About forty-two were present of the seventy-four in the
county.
At Xew York ex-Judge Augustus Van Wyck was elected
President of the Branch Association, George Gordon Battle.
Vice-President, and Ralph H. Graves. Secretary and Treas-
urer. More than sixty alumni were in the city.
Commencement of 1900.
At the one hundred and fifth Commencement the Baccalau-
reate preacher on the Sunday preceding Commencement Day
was Rev. Givens B. Strickley, of the Union Theological Semi-
nary, in Richmond. Virginia. His text was, "But without faith
it was impossible to please Him." Faith is the controlling
principle of human conduct, not only in religion but every-
where, in the family, in human society, in the business world,
in fact all knowledge of every sort rests at bottom on faith and
faith alone.
On the following Monday night there was a spirited debate
bv two members from each society. The Dialectics were Tames
Commencement of 1900. . 575
King Hall and Dorman Steele Thompson; the Philanthropies,
George Vernon Cowper and Luren Thomas Johnson.
The question was, "Resolved, That the English were justifia-
ble in entering into war with the South African Republic."
The judges were charged with the duty of deciding first which
side was best, and second, who was the best speaker. This
debate was substituted for the representative speaking hereto-
fore in vogue, the winners getting twenty dollars offered by
President Alderman.
Before this system was inaugurated the committee was ac-
customed to retire and, consulting together, make up their
decision. The students had a shrewd suspicion that there would
probably be one of the number who would overpersuade, or
even dominate, the others. They therefore adopted the rule
that the judges must vote without delay, and by secret ballot.
In this case the Dialectics won the question and a Philan-
thropic, Cowper, tied with Thompson as best speaker.
The graduate speaking for this year was on June 5. There
were only three speakers, George X. Coffey, Peter H. Eley,
and David Preston Parker. The subject of Mr. Eley was
"The Symmetry of Life," of Mr. Coffey "Anglo-Saxon versus
Latin," of Mr. Parker "England and America : Forces which
shape our coming relations." The judges decided for Mr.
Parker.
At the close of the speaking the President and Faculty gave
a general reception in Commons Hall, which as usual was full
of pleasure.
Tuesday was Class Day. The Seniors at nine o'clock assem-
bled for Prayers, which were conducted by Rev. Dr. Hume.
An hour afterwards Mr. W. F. Bryan, president of the class,
delivered an address of welcome. Then followed the History
by Mr. C. G. Rose, the presentation speeches by Mr. Graham
Woodard and President Bryan, and the Prophecy by Mr. J. \Y.
Greening. All four were interesting and highly complimented.
The gift by the class was a handsome reproduction of the
Venus of Milo. The Professor of Greek, Dr. Eben Alexander,
in behalf of the University, accepted the statue, giving the
historv of its findinsr and the theories concerning it.
576 History of University of North Carolina.
In the afternoon the usual ceremonies were held under the
Davie Poplar. Mr. A. J. Barwick read the statistics of the
class, as follows : Graduates, fifty-five. Chosen professions :
Teaching fourteen, law fourteen, ministry five, medicine four,
engineering three, chemistry two, geology one, manufacturing
and farming one each ; six were undecided. Eleven receive
honors, five high honors, and one highest honors. The average
weight was one hundred and fifty-three pounds ; height five
feet eight and one half inches ; age twenty years and eight
months.
Commencement Day, the one hundred and fifth since the
opening of the doors for the admission of students in 1795,
was devoted mainly to the celebration of its twenty-fifth anni-
versary since the reopening in 1875. The success was largely
due to the energy and forethought of Mr. James C. Taylor,
who presided during the exercises, one of the sixty-nine who
constituted the student body in 1875- 1876. There were nine-
teen in attendance who testified their appreciation of his gratu-
itous labors by the gift of a golden chain. Their names should
be recorded. Arthur Arrington. teacher; Julian M. Baker,
physician; Kemp P. Battle, Jr., physician; George W. Britt,
civil engineer ; Robert Ernest Caldwell, Presbyterian minister ;
Aaron W. E. Capel, cotton manufacturer; Charles C. Coving-
ton, importer and jobber; John H. Dobson, lawyer; Malachi R.
Griffin, bank cashier ; James S. Manning, Judge of Supreme
Court; John M. Manning, physician; Robert L. Payne, phy-
sician; William J. Peele, lawyer; John H. Sawyer, lawyer;
David C. Stanback, cotton broker; Isaac M. Taylor, physician;
James C. Taylor, chemist, bank cashier ; Rev. John C. Troy,
Methodist minister; Francis D. Winston, Judge, Lieutenant-
Governor.
These had a banquet, at which no speeches were made but
there was a revival of the old college stories and unlimited
enjoyment of boyish fun, howbeit gray hairs and no hairs at
all were not infrequent.
The public ceremonies were opened by prayer by one of the
students of 1875. Rev. Robert Ernest Caldwell, who was some
vears afterwards cut off in the midst of a most useful and
Ouarter-Cextexxial of the Reopexixg. 577
honorable life when minister of the Presbyterian Church of
Winston. Then ex-President K. P. Battle gave a history of
"The Struggle and Story of the Rebirth of the University."
The facts of his address are embodied in this History and need
not to be repeated. Ex-President George T. Winston followed
with an interesting account of "The First Faculty: Its Work
and Its Opportunity" ; 'Sir. W. J. Peele on "The Students of
1875"; and lastly came a masterly address by President Alder-
man on "The University : Its Work and Its Needs."
As President Winston was Professor in the University in
1875, and continuously until 1891, and was then President for
five years, a period of twenty-one years, his address is doubly
valuable. I therefore give the extracts from it contained in
the University Record.
The first problem of the new University was existence. However
small the beginning, provision must be made for teachers, equip-
ment, and running expenses. The three sources of support for col-
leges and universities are student fees, private philanthropy, and
public taxation. A century ago our leading universities were sup-
ported almost entirely by student fees. Up to the Civil War the
University of North Carolina had accumulated from this source,
and from a fund derived from escheated land warrants, over
$100,000. Today there is nowhere in the world a college or univer-
sity that is self-supporting. Their chief sources are private philan-
thropy and public taxation. The University of St. Louis has just
received a bequest of five million dollars; the University of Cali-
fornia receives annually from public taxation an income of more
than $300,000; the revenues of Harvard University exceed those of
the State of North Carolina.
To start the new University, and keep it going during the hard
years of its early struggle, required the combined resources of pri-
vate philanthropy, public taxation, and student fees. The chief
resource was public taxation — a power that had not yet been em-
ployed for this purpose in North Carolina.
But a new era had come, the era of popular education both in
lower schools and in higher. It was well for this era to be heralded
by the opening of a new University, a people's University, and to be
marked by a new right, the right of people acting through their own
representatives to tax themselves for the higher education of their
sons in their own institutions.
It is worthy of note that the establishment of this right, and
through it the establishment and maintenance of this University
37
578 History of University of North Carolina.
"was due, though indirectly, to the wisdom and beneficence of the
Federal Government. The hand that had smitten down was now
strongest in raising up. The appropriation to the University of the
interest of the Land Scrip Fund which had been donated by the
National Congress for the promotion of industrial education, was
the beginning in North Carolina of the new principle of popular
taxation. The principle once established was bound to grow. New
necessities were met by larger grants. State aid soon ceased to be
a theory and became an accomplished fact. The people learned that
the new University, the State's University, meant neither aristocracy
nor theocracy, but eternal democracy. But the lesson was slow to
learn, and its teaching was attended with amazing difficulties.
Those early years were full of struggle, glorious and heroic, but
difficult to bear and doubtful in issue. Surely no institution ever
survived a more precarious childhood. With annual expenses greater
than annual income; with widespread agricultural depression grow-
ing more intolerable year by year; with falling prices, a contract-
ing currency and financial panics; with popular ignorance, indiffer-
ence and misunderstanding of the purpose and character of the new
University; with persistent opposition from political leaders and
influential educators; with constant demands by politicians of all
parties for false economy in educational expenditures; with old debts
to discharge and new debts accumulating year by year, it is little
wonder that the new University made slow progress during the
early years of its existence. The wonder is that it lived at all.
But human endurance is ever equal to human misfortune, and great
causes will never lack for leaders. The problem of the new Uni-
versity was solved through the efforts and during the administration
of its first President. For ten years he performed the duties of a
dozen men and received the salary of one. As President of the
University and executive officer managing the discipline and con-
ducting the large correspondence without clerk, typewriter or
stenographer; as Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of Trustees,
negotiating loans each quarter upon his own credit; as Professor of
Political Economy and Constitutional History, teaching lessons not
only from books, but from a storehouse of personal knowledge and
experience; as Professor of Law and Dean of the Law School with-
out assistance in teaching or otherwise; as speaker and lecturer at
school commencements, public gatherings and agricultural fairs;
as canvasser for funds, endowment, and students; as assiduous and
patient attendant upon every session of the State Legislature; as
watchful guardian of every interest of the struggling University; as
promoter of public education through normal and teachers' insti-
tutes; as pioneer of scientific agriculture in establishing the State
Experiment Station; as friend and adviser, upon critical occasions,
of the State Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry; as selector and
Ex-President Winston's Address, 1900. 579
encourager of efficient professors and sympathetic messenger of woe
to the inefficient; as reconciler to the irreconcilables; as suppressor
of fools within the University and without; calm, cheerful and
hopeful amid difficulties and disasters; overwhelmed with calumnies,
misrepresentations, and misunderstandings; amid personal and official
sorrows, misfortunes and disasters that would have ground other
men to powder; nothing could have sustained him, during the years
of his presidency but a heart full of unselfish devotion to the great
interests of this great University. He shall be known as "the
Father of the new University," for he called it into life and solved
the problem of its existence. The present endowment, which has
made possible expansion in all directions, has been of his creation.
May he live to see it doubled! And may those who take up the
work be spared the labor and sorrow that were the price of his
splendid achievement.
The next problem before the new University was organization. It
is amusing to recall the discussions of that day, as to whether our
little band of seven teachers should organize themselves into a
German University, rivaling Goettingen. or an English University,
the peer of Oxford, or descend to a still lower plane, as competitor
with the University of Virginia.
It required many years to elaborate our present system of instruc-
tion. The Faculty discussions incident thereto, covering a great
variety of topics, were usually prolonged far into the night, with
little satisfaction to the participants and less to the gentle dames
who presided over expectant households awaiting the return of pro-
fessorial debauches from the joys of a weekly Faculty meeting. But,
if the Faculty meetings lost us occasionally the confidence of our
better halves, they drew us closer together, and threw interesting
side lights upon attractive characters.
Whatever difference of opinion existed on matters of organization,
there was unanimity on one point, that the spirit of the new Uni-
versity should be, if possible, the spirit of the old; a spirit which
emphasized character above scholarship, and considered the best
equipment for life to be genuine manhood. It is easy to find fault
with the education offered in institutions of learning fifty years ago.
Critics are not lacking of the University of North Carolina; but in
the list of her teachers we find the names of Joseph Caldwell, David
L. Swain, Elisha Mitchell, Denison Olmsted, William Hooper, De-
Berniere Hooper, James Phillips, and Charles Phillips. An institu-
tion which trained for life such men as James K. Polk, William R.
King, Thomas H. Benton, Archibald DeBow Murphey, Leonidas Polk,
James H. Otey, Francis L. Hawks, John Y. Mason, Francis P. Blair,
James Johnston Pettigrew, James C. Dobbin, William A. Graham,
Willie P. Mangum, Thomas Ruffin. John M. Morehead, Charles and
Matthias Manly, William H. Battle, William and DeBerniere Hooper,
580 History of University of North Carolina.
William L. Saunders, John W. Graham, Charles and Samuel Phillips,
James H. Horner, William and Robert Bingham, Kemp P. and Rich-
ard H. Battle, Zebulon B. Vance, Matthew W. Ransom, David M.
Carter, Thomas Settle, William B. Rodman, Thomas S. Ashe, R. P.
Dick, Joseph J. Davis, Walter L. Steele, Alfred M. Scales, and others
of like character and ability — such an institution may well take its
stand among the great universities of the world.
The old University has nobly done its work. During the better
part of a century it upheld for State and nation pure and lofty
standards of public and professional life. Well might its banner
float again over the new laboratories and the new theories of the
new University. We flung it proudly to the breeze; and held up
before a new generation of young men as the chief jewel for them to
seek that which the old University had always sought to fashion,
the sterling character of a Southern gentleman.
The new University realized that a student's life is nourished by
books; that a real university is a great collection of books. After
long efforts and violent opposition, the three libraries were con-
solidated into one and moved into the present Library building.
An improvement equally great in the work of organization was
the provisions of scientific equipment. From the old University no
equipment had been inherited, excepting "the Vienna cabinet of
minerals,"* whose chief function seems to have been to fill a page in
the annual catalogue. If any age might be called the age of science,
it was that in which the new University was born. Such wonder-
ful advances had been achieved in all departments of science, such
universal application of scientific knowledge in the industrial arts,
such far reaching theories concerning the phenomena of life and
matter, such marvelous invention of tools, apparatus and machinery
for work and experiment, that no teaching of science was now possi-
ble without ample equipment of teachers and apparatus for experi-
mental work of the most delicate and accurate character.
Our new University was not heedless of the demand. A Chemical
Laboratory was provided, with new equipment and new methods of
instruction. Apparatus was secured for physical experiments; Geol-
ogy and Mineralogy were organized into a separate department, with
working laboratories and field excursions; and a Biological Labora-
tory, modern and well equipped, was established in the hall of the
old Philanthropic library. The new University made provision for
modern instruction in every science excepting Astronomy. Each
step taken was in accord with the spirit of the age and in harmony
with the requirements of the new education. Everything was ac-
complished that could be done with the limited resources available.
It is not the least glory of the new University that it maintained,
"This collection of minerals, bought in Vienna, is intrinsically very valuable, but has
not been properly displayed. We need a museum building.
Ex-President Winston's Address, 1900 581
from the very first, high requirements of scholar-ship, thereby ele-
vating the teaching standard throughout the State. This was ac-
complished mainly by the selection of well qualified and competent
professors for all the chairs of instruction.
One of the greatest problems before the new University was how
to make its opportunities accessible to lads of talent and character
without the means to bear the expense of education away from home.
It was the problem of free tuition and cheap living. This problem
appealed more strongly to philanthropists than all the other prob-
lems before the University. At the very beginning it moved the
Legislature to establish scholarships for every county, and year by
year it touched the hearts of men and women longing to lift up
struggling lads to higher opportunities in life. Fund after fund
was established and additional scholarships were provided, * * *
with free instruction by law for lads preparing to serve the State as
teachers or preachers, or handicapped in the struggle for life with
bodily infirmity; until it could be truly said that the doors of the
new University were practically open, free of charge, to every lad
who was worthy to enter and unable to pay. It only remained to
reduce the expense of living, which was accomplished in 1896 through
the combined generosity of the alumni in donating the use of yonder
building, and of Mrs. Mary Baker in supplying the funds for the
equipment of Commons Hall as a token of the appreciation of the
benefits received by her son in this institution. May these facili-
ties for cheapening the cost of education in this institution continue
to grow and multiply. May we behold at an early date upon this
campus a commodious and well furnished dormitory for the free
lodging of lads who have climbed to these splendid heights along
the steep path of poverty and labor.
In completing its organization, the new University was not un-
mindful of student life and of the larger opportunities demanded
by modern education for the exercise of student activities. The old
literary societies which had trained in forensic and literary culture
the foremost men of the nation, were still retained and fostered.
For scientific study and research, the Mitchell Society was organ-
ized; for Shakespearean study the Shakespeare Club, and for lin-
guistic the Philological Society. It was an era of organization and
development. But the greatest improvement was made in college
athletics. Under the old University, as outlets for superfluous phys-
ical energy, students arranged running matches during the small
hours of night with college professors, signaled by the vigorous
ringing of the college bell, or with unwearied energy placed upon the
roofs of college buildings the wagons and stock of neighboring
farmers; or guided Freshmen from twilight to midnight in the un-
availing pursuit of the ever-vanishing snipe. College athletics in
those days was one ceaseless, tremendous, vigorous kick by the entire
582 History of University of North Carolina.
student body against every regulation of the Faculty. But through
the wisdom of modern education, now introduced into the new Uni-
versity, how beautifully was all this changed! Students no longer
pursued the fleeting snipe and kicked the Faculty; but on a thor-
oughly prepared field, according to scientific rules, in pursuit of a
bag of wind, they vigorously kicked at each other! The new ath-
lete, as he rearranged his broken nose or pushed into socket his
dislocated knee, gave not a passing thought to horned cattle, snipes
or college professors. The new idea was gradually comprehended
by the Faculty and due encouragement was given to college athletics.
The organization of the alumni must not be omitted, for the new
University realized that she must grow with the help of her sons.
Local associations were organized throughout the State and the
central association was quickened into new life and energy. Meet-
ings were held with- banquets, toasts and speeches, where college
memories were revived, good fellowship was strengthened, and plans
for the growth and expansion of the University were set forth by
the visiting President. At the annual Commencement the alumni
were gathered together in large numbers and the alumni banquet
became the most attractive feature of Commencement. Class re-
unions were organized at intervals of five, ten, fifteen, and twenty
years, and great occasions in the past life of the University were
celebrated with due preparation and great enthusiasm. On one
of these occasions in celebration of the centennial of the charter, a
fund was raised for the endowment of the Chair of History, and
later, at the centennial celebration in 1895 of the reopening of the
University one hundred years before, amid much enthusiasm, a
movement was started for the erection of Alumni Hall, and a large
fund was subscribed for that purpose. Previous to this the en-
thusiasm and devotion of the alumni had manifested itself in the
erection of *this splendid building, as a memorial to the distinguished
sons of the University, who in peace and in war gave their lives to
the service of the State. Thus the new University wisely organized
into active beneficence the devotion of its alumni. Recently a loyal
son, born in this village within the sound of the college bell, mindful
of the happy hours which youth and childhood brought him here,
and mindful of the duty which goes with wealth and power and
talent, has added to the gifts of other sons and to other gifts from
his own generous heart, a splendid dormitory, to be the home of
future generations of North Carolina boys and to stand as a per-
petual memorial that a mother's love is sometimes equaled by a
son's devotion. Fifty years ago the name of Carr was written upon
a little store in this humble village. It is inscribed today upon this
University, and in the coming years it will grow brighter and more
enduring.
The new life of a new State produced another great necessity,
'Memorial Hall.
Address of W. J. Peele, 1900. 583
which the new University undertook to supply, and did supply, with
excellent results. This was the promotion of education. To this
task the new University devoted itself with untiring energy. Its
President and Faculty canvassed the State. Its Summer Normal
Schools furnished enthusiasm, inspiration and power to teachers in
a hundred communities. Its alumni, full of enthusiasm, conducted
teachers' institutes, superintended city schools, secured increased
taxation for public education, and became the recognized leaders in
the great movement for public schools. The establishment of its
Chair of Pedagogy was the first recognition ever made in North
Carolina, or in any Southern university, of necessity for the distinct
and special training of young men for the teaching profession.
The great work of the new University, like that of the old, has
been in the direction of general education; to fit men for technical
and professional education by broad and thorough general educa-
tion; to hammer iron into steel before fashioning it into tools.
No words can describe the labors and difficulties that have at-
tended the life of this University during the past twenty-five years
of its childhood. The presence at this time on this platform of
four Presidents of this University, each rejoicing in the work that
they have all wrought, a scene probably unparalleled in the history
of colleges, testifies to the great and exacting labors required, as
well as the University's power to equip her own leaders. All four
are practically her sons.
I need not call the roll of those who laid these enduring founda-
tions. Some are still here, laboring with zeal, fidelity and modest
merit. Others, elsewhere, are upholding lofty ideals of life and
rearing other temples of culture.
Many have finished the tasks of life and returned their talents to
the Master. Their work is ended. Other hands will take up the
task; new minds, with larger knowledge; new hearts, with fresher
hopes, will complete upon these foundations the structure of a great
University. May it stand forever! and may it grow forever in
usefulness, in power, and in noble achievement.
This able address, delivered in President Winston's pecu-
liarly forcible manner, aroused great enthusiasm among the
alumni.
Mr. William Joseph Peele, an honor graduate of 1879, a
member of the Raleigh bar, then made his address on "Pen
Pictures of the Times of '75." It abounded in piquant recol-
lections and sage arguments for University education. I give
some extracts :
On my arrival at Chapel Hill, I noticed that there was a subdued
silence throughout the grounds. A few lonely looking students
584 History of University of North Carolina.
could be seen going in and out the old buildings, selecting their
rooms, which were now musty from long disuse. Occasionally might
still be seen relics and reminders of old student life. I saw written
in chalk in one of the old recitation rooms a memorandum of the
brief and disastrous attempt to continue the University after the
death of Governor Swain by those unfamiliar with its traditions.
It read: "This old University has busted and gone to hell today,"
and then the writer fixed the day and date of the catastrophe, which
I have forgotten, and will have to rely on Dr. Battle to supply.
At the formal opening Col. W. L. Saunders was present, and he
it was who reorganized the Phi Society. He gave into our keeping
with becoming solemnity its books and archives, which he had pre-
served from the destruction which attended Sherman's army. His
strong, full face, his round head, his serious, anxious eyes, and his
pathetic voiee mellowed by suffering were all fitted to inspire the
young men with the reflection that they were helping to make
history.
In my day we thought much of the honors which were the reward
of power to sway men's hearts and heads in public assembly. I can
still remember the apostrophe to the motto of the Phi Society,
uttered by one of its representatives in 1876: "Let us then, in con-
clusion," he said, "unite in striving to cultivate these three princi-
ples, Virtue, Liberty, and Science, the motto of that society which
I represent; virtue, that we may desire to do right; liberty, that
we may be free to do right, and science, that we may know how to
do right."
In those days the two literary societies were potent factors in
upholding the standard of good morals. As long as the student was
ashamed of his shortcomings, the societies were content with being
privately ashamed of him; but if he was blatant and public in his
defiance of the moral code, they had summary methods of dealing
with him. Since my experience in the Phi Society I have never
doubted that the Anglo-Saxon youth, in bodies of one hundred, more
or less, is capable of self-government.
Julian S. Carr was present at the rebirth, too, and not at Raleigh
with the politicians. He was seeking some way to do rather than
to get good. How often has he been here .since in every hour of
need, a prince and pioneer of benefactors in North Carolina, and
an example to rich men in all generations. Well, he has written
for himself on this campus a poem in brick and stone which shall
be read for all time; around it will cluster the memory of his many
good deeds, kept ever fresh by successive generations of those who
shall enjoy his benefactions. May God bless him and continue his
useful life and his great prosperity to a ripe old age.
Of the Faculty of the University it is not my special province to
speak. The Chairman, Dr. Charles Phillips, or "Old Fatty," as we
Address of W. J. Peele, 1900. 585
called him, was the most impressive looking man among them: head
massive, face leonine, and his heart big as a water bucket. His
expression was good natured, his gait gouty, his coat short. The
boys sported with his nickname and infirmities, but respected his
character and learning.
Professor Mangum was essentially a preacher, and, though he had
good natural literary instinct, he was never fully at home unless in
his pulpit, or the lesson in Moral Science allowed him to make a
pulpit of his chair and his class a congregation. We all knew that
in his heart of hearts he would rather see us on the "King's highway
of holiness" than in the way of getting our diplomas, and seme of
us took the occasion to appear pretty regularly in his congregation
to advertise the fact that our hearts were right, anyhow.
Professor Hooper was a model of decorum, gentility, scholarship.
and culture. His dignity and urbanity did not, however, suffice to
protect him from his nickname, "Old Frog." Nothing ever ruffled
his temper or rattled his understanding. He was never sick; or if
so, he never complained. He was never in a hurry, but never be-
hind in his appointments. He had cultivated away his enthusiasm,
but not his charity. He spoke evil of none and had no outspoken
enemies; he never flattered and had no false friends. Envy was
too busy with easier game to waste much time on his reputation.
Beyond all doubt, the most successful teachers in college were the
youngest professors, Graves and Winston. It fell to my lot in 1890
to read on this rostrum a brief sketch of Professor Graves. Dr.
Winston, I am happy to say, is here with us, and still looks almost
as vigorous as he appeared a quarter of a century ago.
Mr. Peele chronicled the fate of a lawn party given by some
who were opposed to dancing. The few who attended it
paused a few minntes and went on to the ballroom. The
viands were good, but Terpsichore signally triumphed. The
lawn party vanished into the Elysian Fields, the land of pleas-
ant shadows. Mr. Peele thus continues :
I subscribed to it, but went to the ball. Making some inquiries
about it, I heard it was very slimly attended. At last I concluded I
would go out and see how it fared, for wherever a small portion of
a man's treasure is, there will be found a email portion of his
heart also. When I arrived on the scene — though it was so com-
paratively early in the night — the lawn party was quite deserted.
The chairs and tables were still there and Chinese lanterns still
burned in a semi-circle round the spot where the feast had been.
Over beyond the Old East building, in what is now the Library, then
the ballroom (Smith Hall), I could hear the wail of the "devil's
586 History of University of North Carolina.
music" — (lie seems to have a good ear for the "harmony of sweet
sounds") : the music of the lawn party, if they had any, had ceased.
Without the ballroom stood the great walls of darkness, intersected
by the parallelograms of light which streamed through the long
windows. Within, youth and beauty whirled in the delirium of
life and pleasure. The rush of many feet and the hum of many
voices floated out into the night. The dim lawn party lanterns
flickered in their sockets until, one after another, they went out.
The great trees of the campus swayed as they interlocked their arms
or swung singly in the night breezes which whispered nature's un-
translated song of love to their trembling leaves. Above, the white
stars moved with silent majesty in their long procession across the
sky — circling through the ages to the "music of the spheres." Be-
low, at times, among the shadows and along the gray walks, floated
the visions of fair women, whose spirits are with us still— called
annually to Commencement, by some magician, from hill and dale,
from glen and forest — to vex, delude, and vanish and again to
materialize as the joy of a thousand happy homes.
Mr. Peele closed with a beautiful peroration :
Fellow alumni, I have finished the crude picture you asked me to
make to remind you of our first college days. Many who were with
us then are not here today, and some will never come. With some
who remain the blue haze of youth is reddening toward evening,
and the gray forms which seem to be taking shape among the clouds
along the nearing sky line may well be the headlands on the un-
known shore. The voices which call to duty now are sometimes
mingled with those which chant of rest. What we would do for
our State and nation, for humanity and our Alma Mater, we must
do with all diligence, for behold, successive troops of younger men
with ever hastening steps are coming to take our places! Be it so;
it hath been so decreed.
A few days ago, from the top of our Capitol at Raleigh, I saw the
encroaching darkness from another world encircling our own and
spreading its weird and sinister shadow along the path of the sun.
When the gloom was deepest, I beheld what seemed the smile of God
Almighty bursting from behind the black obstruction, illumining
the heavens and breaking the "disastrous twilight" which overcast
the earth.
A few years ago — it does not seem so very long — it was my privi-
lege, with Vance and Saunders and the many who have gone, and
with some I see around me, to witness Heaven's propitious smile
break the ill-starred gloom which had hung for years over this insti-
tution. We beheld with our own eyes the chilling shadow pass and
the darkness flee away before the advancing light of learning.
President Alderman's Address, 1900. 587
Her place firmly fixed in the Constitution and laws of our State
and in the hearts of its people, her orbit determined by the counsels
of those who guide its destinies, under God, it is my prayer and the
prayer of all our children that our Alma Mater shall see the night
of eclipse no more.
President Alderman's address was in his best vein, clear,
cogent, eloquent. We give a brief abstract.
Four distinctive traits of institutional character mark the life
of the University.
First. Its freedom from academic aloofness. It has from the first
seen the relation of culture and training to social service. Of the
United States Senators from this State, forty-four per cent went
from this University; of the Representatives in Congress, forty per
cent; of the Governors of the State, fifty-eight per cent; of the
Lieutenant-Governors, fifty-nine per cent; of the Speakers of the
House of Representatives, fifty per cent; of the State officers, twenty-
two per cent; of the Judges of the Superior Court, thirty-eight per
cent; of the Judges of the Supreme Court, fifty-two per cent. In
the professions of teaching, of agriculture, of industrial and me-
chanical endeavor, the formative influences have come from this
institution. In the Civil War, forty per cent of the total enrollment
from 1825 to 1867 were in the Confederate Army. The average en-
rollment of the New England Colleges in the Federal Army was
twenty-three per cent, and of Yale University, the highest of them
all, twenty-five per cent.
Since the reopening of this institution in 1875, two thousand
eight hundred and ninety-six students have matriculated here, five
hundred and sixty-two have graduated. There is no arithmetic that
can calculate the good these men have done, or can estimate the
loss to the State if this army of trained men had not been sent out
into its life. Ninety-three per cent of these matriculates have come
from this State. Fifty per cent have been the sons of men who
never knew the advantages of college training.
Second. The University has accomplished greater results on
smaller means than any American institution. Its annual income
from the State is $25,000, from all sources $48,000. It has thirty-
five members of the Faculty, students five hundred and twelve. It
maintains a continuous session and a summer school for teachers.
It has opened its doors to women. No Southern institution on so
small an income can exceed this result.
Third. There is the spirit of freedom, toleration, and equality in
its life. Three-fourths of the students are the sons of poor men or
are here as the result of money borrowed or earned. All sects,
parties and conditions meet and mingle on an equal footing.
588 History of University of North Carolina.
Fourth. The passionate affection of its alumni. A boy comes,
hard of hand, strong of face, ungainly of dress. But he has faith
shining in his eyes. Four years go by and something rich and
strange comes into his face, something subtle enters into his motions
and speech, and he stands erect and free, that noblest of God's crea-
tures, an effective, cultured gentleman. Whenever a true concep-
tion of what a real university is gets into the bone and marrow of
North Carolina this institution will have the finest chance in America
to realize its ideal. Fifteen years ago tbe State's duty to its chil-
dren was a debatable proposition, but today it is an axiom and meas-
ures the growth of the public conscience during that period. The
church approves it, the statesman proclaims it and pleads for it, the
rich man sees its force in society, and the poor man thanks God for
it. A good public school is our supremest need, and I may say with
Jefferson that, as my first plea in life was for public schools, my
latest shall be for them also, but the University is as much a part
of this system as the log schoolhouse. The University is the dyna-
mo, the public school the incandescent light. It must be the source
of power to all below it, and everything may justly be taught in it
necessary to citizen life, livelihood and character in the twentieth
century.
The University of North Carolina is an honest, faithful force.
North Carolinians need it as Virginians, Texans, Louisianians need
theirs. The time has come to decide what sort of a University we
are going to make here out of this noble institution. While I do not
believe that any Yale or Harvard can be built here, yet I do believe
that the State of North Carolina has the opportunity to make here
a far reaching and powerful institution.
It seemed to be my duty to set my hand to work elsewhere in this
Southern land. * * * I go to wide and honorable labors, but all
the aspirations of my heart shall at all times stretch their hands
hitherward and lift up their eyes to these hills for help — in the grim
winter, when the westering sun blazes against the severe old build-
ings; in the soft spring, when greenness and blooming fall like
magic about the Campus byways; in the autumn time, when the
maple leaves flame red like fire in the eager air. May God put in
the brain and purpose of our people to cherish this great school.
The presentation of the Carr Building to the University was
made by Colonel W. H. S. Burgwyn, a graduate of 1868, in
an address most appropriate and eloquent. It was accepted by
Hon. Richard H. Battle, Secretary and Treasurer of the Uni-
versity, who did full justice to the generosity and large heart-
edness of General Julian S. Carr, the donor. The building is
Faculty Changes in 1900. 589
three-storied and for dormitories only. The cost was eighteen
thousand dollars ; the architects were Messrs. Pearson and
Ashe. This is one of the many acts of beneficence to his
Alma Mater by General Carr, who, while a student in 1864,
became a volunteer in the Confederate Army.
Academic degrees were granted to members of the Senior
class, namely, to twenty-one Bachelors of Arts (A.B.), seven-
teen Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.), eight Bachelors of
Science (B.S.), one Bachelor of Letters, and two Bachelors of
Laws (B.L.). Five graduates received the degree of Master
of Arts (A.M.) The names are in the Appendix.
Medals and Prizes:
The Holt Medal — Marcia Louise Latham.
The Htjjie Medal — Marcia Louise Latham.
The Hill Prize — Joseph Sidney Atkinson.
The Harris Prize — Julius A. Caldwell, Alonzo E. Cates, Wil-
liam DeB. MacNider.
The Greek Prize — William McClellan Stevenson.
The Worth Prize — Charles Grandison Rose.
The Early English Text Society Prize — Henry Evan Davis
Wilson.
The James B. Lloyd Prize — Needham Erastus Ward.
The President's Prize — George Vernon Cowper and Dorman
Steele Thompson.
Faculty Changes.
The Faculty of 1899-1900 was not greatly changed. George
McFarland McKie was Instructor in Expression ; Thomas Ruf-
fin, D.C.L., Assistant Professor of Law; Thomas James Wil-
son, Jr., Ph.D., Instructor in Greek and Latin ; Palmer Cobb,
Assistant in Modern Languages ; Thomas Donnelly Rice, Ph.B.,
Assistant in Geology ; James Edward Latta, Assistant in Phys-
ics ; Clarence Albert Shore, Assistant in Biology ; Dorman
Steele Thompson. Assistant in Biology ; William Stanley Ber-
nard, A.B., Librarian ; Baird LJrquhart Brooks, Assistant in
Librarv ; David Maxwell Swink, Assistant in Library.
CHAPTER VIII.
The Administration of President Yenable.
In addition to the Summer School for Teachers in this year
was inaugurated for the first time in the history of the Uni-
versity a Summer Term of the University. Twenty full
courses of the University instruction were offered. Graduate
and undergraduate instruction was included. This term was
designed to aid, (i) such as desired to join the University and
could only do so in the summer months; (2) teachers desiring
to review or advance in their work; (3) students wishing to
get credit in their University work for a diploma. The work
in the Summer Term was accepted in place of work to a like
amount in the regular University courses. The courses of-
fered were in Latin, Greek, Chemistry, Mathematics, Modern
Languages, English Literature, History, Pedagogy, Psychol-
ogy. Those entering had to submit to the usual entrance ex-
aminations. The tuition was twenty dollars. Work began
June 12, 1900, and continued twelve weeks.
The Summer School for Teachers began June 12 and con-
tinued four weeks. It was a School of Methods. Those at-
tending it could elect without charge any of the Summer Term
classes. All the University resources were at their command,
including free use of the thirty thousand volumes in the
Library. The registration and tuition fees amounted to six
dollars. President Yenable had general charge, and under
him Professor Noble, Superintendent, and Professors Toy,
Alexander, Cain, C. L. Mangum, McKie, T. J. Wilson, and
Raper. Additional teachers were F. M. Osborne, Alexander
Graham, E. P. Moses, E. P. Mangum, G. A. Grimsley, William
C. A. Hammel, George S. Wills, Charles Benthein, Fritz Gaul,
E. L. Norton.
Dr. Venable's Address, University Day, 1900. 591
On University Day, October 12, 1900, President Yenable de-
livered an address. He gave a rapid review of the History of
the institution :
The founders of this State in their sturdy independence and far
seeing wisdom recognized its importance, * * * the chief safe-
guard of their children against the loss of these liberties for which
they fought. * * * The truest democracy in the State is found
right here — a wise tolerance for all shades of opinion and belief.
* * * When I enter yonder Memorial Hall and read on those
tablets the roll of our Confederate dead a great wave of pride and
deep emotion fills my heart. * * * Twelve in each hundred of
all her sons fell, one in every eight. Of the Freshman Class of 1859,
all but one, who was unable to bear arms, entered the service. Of
the Freshman Class of 1860 one in every three gave up his life.
The University's first and greatest work is the sending forth such
men as David Gaston Worth, John W. Fries, Julian S. Carr, and a
host of others, who have truly served and uplifted their fellows.
The sons of the University have led or done their share in all
great forward movements. Archibald D. Murphey laid the founda-
tion of our schools and Calvin H. Wiley established the system.
Many of its students are teachers therein. The University estab-
lished the first Normal School for teachers, as a part of a State
University, and Mclver, Alderman, Joyner, Noble, Graham, and
others have been foremost in the great work. It was largely through
the influence of our alumni, headed by Mclver, that gave to our
women equal opportunities with men. The first attempt at agricul-
tural and mechanical training, and the establishment of the Agricul-
tural Experiment Station and Analysis and Control of Fertilizers
was the work of the University. The Geological Survey was di-
rected by Dr. Kerr and Dr. J. A. Holmes, University men.
The story of the University during the last quarter of a century
is one of which any people might justly be proud. It required pluck
and energy and brains to keep up that fight against poverty and
ignorance and narrow hostility. Prejudices were overcome by mas-
terly tact and care. The University grew until from a handful of
professors and a few dozen students it has come to be recognized
as a leader among educational institutions of the South, its walls
are overflowing with students, taught by an able and enthusiastic
Faculty, seven times as large as that twenty-five years ago. It is
with its meager income doing the work of thrice its wealth.
In the last twenty-five years the matriculates have been two thou-
sand eight hundred and ninety-six, graduates five hundred and
sixty-two. The teachers in the Summer School over two thousand,
the actual matriculates with duplicates, three thousand four hundred
59^ History of University of North Carolina.
and eight. Forty per cent of the graduates have heen teachers.
Twenty superintendents have been supplied for the city graded
schools, and a large number of principals for these and private
schools. The professors sent out for various colleges number more
than fifty.
If we assume that fifty students a year had gone beyond our
limits, and fifteen been drawn to the State from abroad, these two
elements alone mean a balance over all appropriations from the
State of $175,000. Add to this $125,000 in gifts of money and
$90,000 in buildings and we have an excess of $390,000. We should
also consider the fact that the State secured for itself without cost
the education of two thousand, who are counted as not going beyond
our limits.
In one way or another certainly more than one-fourth of our
students are working their own way. Of the present four hundred
and sixty there are ninety-eight who have already taught, seventy-
four of them in the public schools.
The letters which have com'e to me during the past summer are
many of them touching appeals for help. They tell of desperate
struggles against poverty and ignorance, of grinding economy and
loving self-sacrifice of parents that these children might have the
advantages which they themselves never enjoyed; the despairing
efforts of a widowed mother that her son might reach the ideal of
the dead father; the mortgage on the little farm; the disappoint-
ment of the failing crops; of sickness and the death of the bread
winner. And all turn to the University for help, that they in some
way may be permitted to play a man's part in life, and lift the
shadow from the lives of their loved ones.
And now, young gentlemen, you who have gathered at the feet
of this fair mother to learn of her, let me tell you that most which
you receive from her is her free gift, and through her the gift of
the State. The fees paid by you scarcely suffice to cover the interest
on the capital invested in these buildings and their furnishings.
The University asks those things which no coined metal can ever
purchase, that the hours spent here may not be wasted, but filled with
earnest labor and striving after wisdom; that you may grow into
wise men, strong men, true men. Thus you can best show your
gratitude and your love. It is the highest aspiration of any mother.
The greatest longing of her heart is that each year shall see a goodly
band of strong and faithful men, vigorous in their fresh young
manhood, buoyant with hope, armed with all the care and skill of
her training, go forth to the service of the State. So may she ful-
fill her high mission.
The motto of the University should read, "An education for every
deserving young man in the State."
Governor Aycock. 593
President Venable's description of the true function of the Uni-
versity is strong and eloquent. "A shining light in the darkness,
clearly and patiently directing the course of those who would
travel the pathway to knowledge and the higher life; a center of
gracious and helpful influence streaming out into the whole land;
a strong foundation unmoved by frenzied passion, by the shifting
sands of political change, by the bigotry of ignorance, or the selfish
bias of wealth, a treasure which can not be bought or sold away
from the people, by whom and for whom it was created; a loving
mother of many noble sons, whom it is her pride to help and nourish
and lead upwards to the light!"
In 1901 was inaugurated as Governor, and as such, Presi-
dent of the Board of Trustees, one of whom the University has
cause to be proud, Charles Brantley Aycock, a graduate of
1880. He was one of our most exemplary students, among
the first in studies, oratory, influence, and character. He was
Chief Marshal, and won the Mangum Medal. He became a
successful lawyer, an eloquent and persuasive stump speaker,
and was elected Governor by a grand majority. His adminis-
tration was signalized by wonderfully successful efforts to
advance education in the public schools as well as in the Uni-
versity. He is distinguished for intelligence, for bold manly
pluck in standing to his convictions, as well as for broad states-
manlike views of public questions.
Thus far I wrote when the wires flashed the sad news that
while delivering an eloquent educational address in Birming-
ham, Alabama, ex-Governor Aycock suddenly died from heart
failure. The University has thus recently lost two of her sons
foremost in labors for the uplifting of our people, the other
being Charles Duncan Mclver, the father of higher female
education by the State, whose degree was obtained one year
after that of Avcock.
38
594 History of University of North Carolina.
President Venable's First Report.
President Venable in his first report to the Trustees said
that the year had seen good order, good work, good health in
general, and but one death. The Faculty had numbered thirty-
five. The students numbered five hundred and twenty-seven.
Of these four hundred and eighty-six were from North Caro-
lina.
The influence of the University on the State, he said,
can not be estimated. It has furnished twenty-eight Gover-
nors, one hundred and five Judges, seventeen Senators of the
Union, sixty-six Federal Representatives, six hundred mem-
bers of State Legislatures, and a large band of public-spirited
men in every community. Archibald D. Murphey, graduate
and professor, began the crusade for popular education. Bart-
lett Yancey followed in urging the beginning of a permanent
fund for aiding public schools. W. W. Cherry worked for
the increase and distribution of the fund, and Calvin H. Wiley
devoted the best part of his life to the successful establish-
ment and working of the system. After the reopening of the
University in 1875, President Battle, through the Summer
University Normal School, carried it to success for seven
years, 1877 to 1884. Nearly four thousand teachers have at-
tended the Summer Schools of the University, counting those
above mentioned and those recently established. One gradu-
ate of the University estimates that we have sent out three hun-
dred teachers into the public schools.
After the reopening of the University doors in 1875 it was
demonstrated that educated leadership was necessary to the
restoration of prosperity to the State. From the new Uni-
versity came at once men of its enlightenment, Charles B.
Aycock, the eloquent and broad-minded Governor, James Y.
Joyner, the devoted Superintendent of Public Instruction,
Charles D. Mclver, the father of the Normal and Industrial
College, which has trained forty of every hundred women
teachers in the graded schools, and hundreds of the country
school teachers ; Edwin A. Alderman, who, as teacher, super-
President Yenable's First Report. 595
intendent of a graded school, professor in a college and in the
University, and president successively of three universities,
has done such brilliant work ; Marcus C. S. Noble, who as
teacher, superintendent of graded schools, Professor in the
University and Superintendent of the Summer Normal
School, has reached hundreds of teachers, and George T.
Winston, for sixteen years a Professor in the University from
its reopening, then its President, and President of the Uni-
versity of Texas and of the State's great technical college,
and scores of others like these, for example, J. I. Foust,
President of the Normal and Industrial College.
Over one-half of the city graded schools had University
men as Superintendents, and the majority of the present
Superintendents and Principals have been trained at Chapel
Hill. In every community our alumni have been among the
strongest and most active advocates of popular education.
Of the present county superintendents more than one-fifth
are young University alumni. Of the present students over
one hundred have taught in the public schools, and many
secured schools in the summer. Over three thousand matricu-
lates have entered the University since 1875. Forty per cent
have taught while twenty-five per cent have continued to
teach. The church schools and colleges have done a noble
work, and the University has not fallen short of the high
ideals set by the forefathers.
Improvements in 1900-01.
There were notable improvements in 1901. The Mary Ann
Smith Dormitory was completed, giving thirty-eight rooms.
The Alumni Building was finished, giving fourteen new lec-
ture rooms besides the offices of the administration. A new
heating plant was inaugurated after consultation with the
Government engineers in Washington. It is the hot water sys-
tem with forced circulation. The contractors were Evans,
Alminal & Company, of New York. The water works and
sewerage were completed.
Gerrard Hall or the Chapel was reroofed and the interior
renovated. The stiff backed pews gave way to chairs, the old
596 History of University of North Carolina.
doors walled up and two doors opened on the east, the "bull
pen" made a thing of the past. The old decayed porch and
the massive columns on the south side, erected when there was
a futile effort to make the University plant front the south,
were pulled down. Intimation was given that they would be
reerected over the eastern doors, but the intention has been
delayed, if not abandoned.
A new boiler house, a workshop and a printing office were
built, and two large dynamos, doubling the capacity of the
electric lighting plant. Altogether the amount expended in
changes and improvements during the past few months ex-
ceeded $60,000.
Other Items for 1900-01.
The Lecture Course was very attractive, Mr. A. W. Hawks,
the humorist ; Hon. Thos. W. Mason, Hon. James C. MacRae,
Mr. W. Hinton White, the traveler; Professor H. W. Linscott,
Professor Eugene C. Foster, "Liquid Air" with Demonstra-
tion.
The Gymnasium exercises were well managed by Mr. W. R.
Weeks of Yale LJniversity. Memorial Hall was used as a
gymnasium, but a building specially fitted for the purpose in
contemplation. There was a healthy interest in athletics. At
least one hundred students played football, no serious injury
occurring.
The Carr Building accommodates seventy-four students but
even with this additional domitory building more than half
must find rooms in the village.
One intercollegiate debate was won by the University cham-
pions, making five victories out of seven. In football we won
seven out of eight ; in baseball eleven out of fourteen. In
track athletics a group of five won the Southern champion-
ship against the heaviest odds.
During- the past session the University received as gifts,
from William Jennings Bryan $201.40. his expenses to and
from Chapel Hill, to establish a prize ; from Edward May $500
as a memorial to his son, Samuel May, a former esteemed In-
structor; from Dr. Thomas D. Martin, at the death of his
Commencement of 1901. 597
wife, a bequest (amount not known) to provide for needy
students.
The State now gives $25,000 annually to the University.
The least to any Southern State except North Carolina is
$27,000 to South Carolina, the largest $72,500 to Texas. The
University on the smallest income has more students than any
other except the Universities of Virginia and Texas. It has
more academic students than any other in the South.
From the itemized statements of expenses handed in by
students, the average expense of those having free tuition, and
acting as waiters at Commons, was $63, the lowest being $57.
During this year by the efforts of Professor Gore the first
long distance telephone was established. It is by way of
Durham.
Lecture Courses at University.
The following program for the year 1900-01 will give an
idea of the lecture courses given at the University :
President F. P. Venable, "The University and the State."
Dr. Kemp P. Battle, "Some Remarkable Trials, Civil and Crim-
inal, in North Carolina."
Mr. Ramson Reyes Lala (St. Johns, London), "The Philippines."
Illustrated.
Dr. Archibald Henderson, "The Latter Day and Its Influence on
Modern Life."
Dr. Eben Alexander, "Some Old Teachers."
Dr. John De Motte, "The Harp of the Senses." Illustrated.
Ex-Judge James C. MacRae, "John Marshall and His Influence on
the Construction of the Constitution."
Prof. M. C. S. Noble, "Southern Blockading."
Prof. H. H. Williams, "Some Vital Economic Problems."
Commencement of 1901.
The one hundred and sixth Commencement, June 2, 1901,
was begun by Rev. Carter Helm Jones, D.D., pastor of the
Broadway Baptist Church, Louisville, Kentucky, who preached
the Baccalaureate Sermon. The subject was "Christ's Call to
the Best Culture," the text being "Mine Own with Interest."
It was a sermon of rare power and wisdom.-
598 History of University of North Carolina.
Monday evening' there were reunions of the Dialectic and
Philanthropic societies. Probably their influence has been
greater and they hold the hearts of their members to a greater
extent than any others in the South.
At 9 130, June 4. the Seniors attended Prayers for the last
time as a body. The services were conducted by Rev. Dr.
Hume. An hour later the Class Day exercises were held.
The President, Mr. D. M. Swink, happily welcomed the audi-
ence. W. B. Speas read the Class History ; W. H. Swift
the Prophecy, and F. B. Rankin, the Last Will and
Testament. The class gift was then presented by Eben
Alexander. Jr. It is a fine cast of the Minerva Giustiniani.
Hon. A. M. Scales, of the Class of 1891, accepted the gift in
behalf of the Trustees. In his concluding remarks he said:
"Possibly no classical divinity touched so many phases of life
as did Minerva. Her festivals were celebrated by scholars,
poets, painters, sculptors, spinners, weavers, fullers, and cob-
blers— all and many more being under the care and protection
of the Goddess of Wisdom, of the liberal arts, of skilled labor
and scientific warfare. And so the influence of the University
is felt in all phases of North Carolina life. We realize that the
training and broadening of the mind is not lost in any calling."
At the conclusion of these exercises, Mr. Locke Craig, of the
Class of 1881, delivered the Alumni Address. He spoke with
his accustomed earnestness and power. "North Carolina in
her poverty and misfortune gave of her necessities for the edu-
cation of her boys and girls, and reopened for her young men
the doors of her University. Now in the day of her prosperity,
when she is great in agriculture, when she is developing her
mines, building cotton mills and railroads and cities, she is
building up -the manhood and womanhood. * * * A new
Renaissance has begun. In the fields of the east there is a
dawning in the light of a grander morning, and on the moun-
taintops there is the day-spring of a grander destiny. This
University, as the head and front of our public school system,
is responsible for the advancement of this educational move-
ment, and her alumni must be her foremost apostles."
Commencement of 1901. 599
At the Alumni Luncheon, Colonel Thomas S. Kenan, 1857,
presided, and Rev. J. William Jones asked the divine blessing.
After luncheon Mr. James C. Taylor acted as secretary. Pres-
ident Venable related the past year's work of the University.
Bright short talks were made by Messrs. Josephus Daniels '85,
C. D. Mclver '81, Fred Philips "85, W. H. Swift '01, E. M.
Armfield '88, J. S. Manning '79, Paul B. Means '68, and W. S.
Wilson 99.
Late in the afternoon the Campus was dotted with the gay
dresses of women and the dark clothes of men, witnessing the
cheering of the buildings and the parting of the classmates
around the Old Poplar.
At night there was the debate between the representatives
for the President's prize. The query was, "Should Congress
Pass a Subsidy Bill?" Messrs. S. J. Everett and E. D. Sal-
lenger, Philanthropies, were for the affirmative, while Messrs.
H. M. Robins and G. V. Roberts, Dialectics, supported the
negative. The judges decided for the affirmative.
The Reception by the President was largely attended and
much enjoyed.
On Wednesday the exercises of Commencement Day were
opened with prayer by the Rev. Joseph Blount Cheshire, D.D.
President Venable read the titles of theses offered by candi-
dates for degrees, after which orations were delivered by the
four speakers selected :
Charles Paul Coble, "Individualism as a World Movement."
Emmett Clive Willis, "The Man and the Trust."
Dorman Steele Thompson, "The Opportunity of a State."
Wiley Hampton Swift, "The Organization of Capital."
The judges thought Mr. Thompson's speech the best.
Dr. J. H. Kirkland, Chancellor of Yanderbilt University,
then delivered a most scholarly address.
The Bibles were presented by Rev. J. A. B. Fry, D.D., with
a most touching short address.
600 History of University of North Carolina.
Gov. Charles B. Aycock then presented, with wise and
weighty counsels, the diplomas :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 18
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 20
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) 10
Bachelors of Laws (B.L.) 3
Masters of Arts (A.M.) 4
Doctors of Philosophy (Ph.D.) 2
Total (for names see Appendix) 57
Hoxoks :
Magnum cum laude — E. C. Gudger, J. K. Hall, P. Cobb, W. H.
Swift, D. S. Thompson. C. A. Shore.
Cum laude— J. E. Avent, P. H. Busbee, C. P. Coble, J. C. B.
Ehringhaus, W. A. Murphy, L. L. Stevens, J. W. Turren-
tine, N. R. Blackman, D. M. Swink.
Medals and Prizes:
The Holt Medal for Mathematics— R. N. Duffy.
The Hume Medal for English Composition — L. L. Stevens.
The Hill Prize in North Carolina History — E. D. Sallenger.
The Harris Prize, Anatomy — E. G. Alexander and J. K. Hall.
The Greek Prize, Greek Translation — J. R. Giles.
The Worth Prize, in Philosophy — D. M. Swink.
The Debater's Prize — S. J. Everett and E. D. Sallenger.
The Bradham Prize, Pharmacy — J. M. Cutchins, Jr.
The Mangum Medal, Oratory — D. S. Thompson.
Special Certificates:
In Greek to J. K. Hall, A. C. Kerley, Susan W. Moses, K. B.
Thigpen.
In Latin — J. R. Conley, William Davis, J. K. Hall, Susan W.
Moses, K. B. Thigpen.
In German — Palmer Cobb, Susan W. Moses, C. A. Shore.
In French — Palmer Cobb, Susan W. Moses, L. L. Stevens.
In English — J. C. B. Ehringhaus, J. F. Stokes.
In Physics— R. F. Jenkins, D. M. Swink.
In Chemistry — R. O. E. Davis.
In Biology — C. A. Shore, J. W. Turrentine.
In Geology — E. C. Gudger.
In Pedagogy — J. E. Avent, J. R. Conley, B. S. Skinner, W. H.
Swift.
The Chief Marshal of 1901, the first of the new century, was
Ivey Foreman Lewis, to graduate in 1902. His uncle, Colonel
F. K. Ball
Chas. Baskebyille
*1
17''
C. L. Rapes
A.'S. Wheeler
M. C. S. Noble
H. F. LlNSCOTT
T. J. Wilson
Commencement of 1901. 601
Ivey Foreman Lewis, who won his title as a Confederate sol-
dier, a planter in Alabama, was Chief Marshal in 1853, the only
instance in the history of the University of two persons of the
same name holding this honorable office.
The sub-Marshals were C. M. Byrnes, R. N. Duffy, Q. Greg-
ory, Brent Drane, W. F. Stafford, C. A. Moss. It is interesting
to note that Mr. Charles Metcalfe Byrnes is a lineal descend-
ant of the first Professor, who was also Presiding Professor
of the University and opened the doors for students in January,
1795, Dr. David Ker, afterwards Judge of the Federal Court in
Mississippi. Byrnes is a native of Natchez, in that State. His
course at the University was highly creditable.
Changes in the Faculty.
In the afternoon a meeting of the Board of Trustees was
held, to which the report of the Visiting Committee, Messrs.
Lindsay Patterson, John W. Fries and Dr. R. H. Lewis of
Raleigh, was submitted. The following changes in the titles
of the Faculty and new members were adopted : Isaac H.
Manning, M.D., Professor of Physiology ; F. P. Yenable,
Ph.D., President and Professor of Theoretical Chemistry ;
W. D. Toy, Professor of Germanic Languages and Literature ;
Charles L. Raper, A.M., Associate Professor of Economics and
History; Thomas J. Wilson, Ph.D., Instructor in Latin; \Y. S.
Bernard, A.B., Instructor in Greek ; J. E. Mills, Ph.D., In-
structor in Physical Chemistry ; J. E. Latta, A.M., Instructor
in Physics; C. A. Shore, B.S., Instructor in Biology; L. R.
Wilson, A.B., Librarian; Palmer Cobb, Ph.B., Assistant in
Modern Languages ; B. F. Page, Assistant in Pharmacy ; R. X.
Duffy and M. H. Stacy, Assistants in Mathematics ; R. G. Las-
siter and R. A. Lichtenthaeler, Assistants in Geology ; R. O. E.
Davis, Ph.B., Assistant in Chemistry; Dorman S. Thompson.
Ph.B., Assistant in Biology; James K. Hall, A.B., Assistant in
English.
Dr. James D. Bruner, elected Associate Professor of the
Romance Languages, was born in Kentucky, took his Ph.D. at
Johns Hopkins, and studied a year in Europe. He was a Pro-
fessor in the Lniversitv of Illinois and the Lniversitv of
602 History of University of Xorth Carolina.
Chicago, but was forced to give up work for a time by reason
of trouble with his eyes. This addition to the Modern Lan-
guages Department leaves the German to Professor Toy while
French and Spanish are assigned to Dr. Bruner.
Dr. Charles Lee Raper, chosen to be Associate Professor
of Economics and History, is a native of this State, graduating
with high honor in Trinity College, Xorth Carolina, in which
he was afterwards an Instructor. Later he became a Pro-
fessor in Greensboro Female College. While studying at
Columbia University, at which he obtained the Ph.D. degree,
he was one of the lecturers.
Isaac Hall [Manning, elected by the Trustees at their
June meeting to fill the newly created professorship of Physi-
ology, is the youngest son of the late Professor Dr. John
Manning. He is an alumnus of the University, 1886- '91.
After completing the Medical course here, he graduated with
honor from the Long Island Medical College, winning a place
as physician and surgeon in the Hospital. He then was in
charge for over a year of the Hospital of the Atlantic Coast
Line Railroad Company. He has also taken graduate' work
at the University of Chicago.
Summer School of 1901.
The. Faculty of the Summer School this year was the fol-
lowing :
Francis Preston Venable, Ph.D.. President.
Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble, Superintendent of the Summer
School and Professor of Pedagogy.
Kemp Plummer Battle, LL.D., Lecturer in History.
Joseph A. Holmes, S.B., State Geologist and Lecturer on the
Geology of North Carolina.
Joshua W. Gore, C.E., Lecturer in Physics.
Thomas Hume. D.D., LL.D., Lecturer in English Literature.
Eben Alexander, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Greek.
Collier Cobb, A.M., Lecturer in Geology.
Alvin S. Wheeler, Ph.D.. Assistant Professor of Chemistry.
George M. McKie, Instructor in Expression.
Thos. J. Wilson, Ph.D., Instructor in Latin.
Palmer Cobb, Instructor in German.
Clarence A. Shore, Instructor in Biology.
Summer School of 1901. 603
Alexander Graham, A.M., Superintendent of Charlotte Schools,
Instructor in Physiology.
Edward P. Moses, A.M., Superintendent of Raleigh Schools, In-
structor in Reading and Primary Work.
George A. Grimsley, A.M., Superintendent of Greensboro Schools,
Instructor in English.
James E. Mills, A.M., Instructor in Mathematics.
Francis M. Osborne, Instructor in English.
Ernest P. Mangum, A.M., Superintendent of Wilson Schools, In-
structor in Geography.
Thomas R. Foust, Superintendent New Bern Schools, Instructor
in Arithmetic and Algebra.
J. E. Matheson, Superintendent Durham Schools, Instructor in
Latin.
George F. Atkinson, Ph.B., Cornell University, Teacher in Botany.
Thomas Gilbert Pearson, S.B., Guilford College, Lecturer in Orni-
thology.
Benjamin Sledd, Wake Forest College, Lecturer in English.
Daniel H. Hill, A.M., A. and M. College, Lecturer in English
Literature.
Euler B. Smith, Georgia State Normal School, Instructor in Eng-
lish Grammar.
W. R. Garrett, Ph.D., Peabody Xormal College, Instructor in
History.
J. Lustrat. Bach.Lett., University of Georgia, Instructor in French.
Margaret A. Johnson, B.A., Beaufort Kindergarten Training
School, Kindergarten.
Franklin Sherman, Jr., State Entomologist, Lecturer in Zoology.
Charles Ledley, Maryland State Xormal College, Instructor in
Sloyd.
Events of 1901-02.
The following additions were made to the Faculty since the
last session, besides those already named. Instructors : J. E.
Mills, Ph.D., Chemistry; W. S. Bernard, A.B., Greek; J. E.
Latta. A.M., Physics; C. A. Shore, B.S., Biology; E. von den
Steinen, Physical Culture. Assistants: Palmer Cobb, Ph.B.,
Modern Languages; James K. Hall, A.B., English; Dorman
S. Thompson, Ph.B., Biology; R. O. E. Davis, Ph.B., Brent
Drane, H. H. Bennett, Chemistry ; R. X. Duffy, M. N. Stacy,
Mathematics; R. G. Lassiter. R. A. Lichtenthaeler, Geology;
B. F. Page. Pharmacy ; L. R. Wilson, A.B., Librarian.
On October 12th was celebrated the one hundred and seventh
anniversarv of the laving of the corner stone of the Old East.
604 History of University of North Carolina.
The exercises were opened with prayer by Rev. E. Pendleton
Jones. President Yenable then introduced as the orator of the
day Colonel Thomas William Mason, an A.B. of 1858, then of
Virginia, now of North Carolina. He was an officer in the
Confederate Army, and since the war an able lawyer, a wise
planter, Member of the General Assembly, Railroad Commis-
sioner. He spoke of "Useful Learning," and the "Spirit of
the University." All his hearers admired the beauty of his
diction and depth of his thought. Colonel Mason is one of the
chief ornaments of the University and of the State.
The officers of the Young Men's Christian Association were
J. E. Luther President, C. E. Maddry Vice-President, G. M.
Stevens Recording Secretary, T. J. Hill Corresponding Secre-
tary, and J. M. Justice Treasurer.
A most instructive lecture was given by Dr. Green, Mis-
sionary to China. He showed that substantial progress had
been made by Christianity although the vast mass of this popu-
lous country was still untouched.
A lecture of singular enthusiasm and interest was by an
able and well informed man, who had served as Chaplain in
the Army of Northern Virginia and had intimate personal ac-
quaintance with Generals Lee, Jackson, and all the other chief
officers. Rev. Dr. J. William Jones. The questions connected
with the operations of several campaigns, and especially the
great battles, had been his constant study and, although he
was apparently biased somewhat by his Southern feelings,
this did not prevent strong enjoyment of the lecture. Among
other statements he gave Lee's force at Gettysburg as 60,000,
the Federals numbering 105,000. He states Lee's Army at
73,000, in 1864, as opposed to 275,000 under Grant. To show
the different estimates of numbers I state that Professor Hart
gives the numbers at Gettysburg as 75,000 Southerners and
the Northerners 88,000. He places Grant's Army at 102,000
and Lee's 61,000.
There were two sermons of much power in this year. One
was on invitation of the Young Men's Christian Association, by
Rev. Ashby Jones, D.D., of Louisville, Kentucky, son of Rev.
Events in 1901-02. 605
Dr. J. William Jones. His text and subject were "Now I
know in part."
The other was the regular University Sermon by Rev. T. N.
M. George, Rector of Christ Church, New Bern. His argu-
ment was that Christ's religion is positive, and he enforced this
truth in a manner well calculated to fix the attention of young
men and inspire them with the desire to follow in His foot-
steps, although hand passibits ccquis.
In the Inter-Society Debate the query was, "Resolved, That
an Educational Qualification is Preferable to Universal Man-
hood Suffrage in the United States." The Phi's had the af-
firmative, Messrs. R. M. Harper and F. S. Hassell represent-
ing that society, and Messrs. S. S. Robins and J. A. MacRae,
Di's, took the negative. The decision was in favor of the
latter.
The annual debate with Yanderbilt University was held in
Gerrard Hall. The question was, "Is the Concentration of
Capital Into Trusts and Combines an Economic and Social
Advantage?" Messrs. B. B. Lane and W. H. Swift for the
University upheld the affirmative and the Yanderbilt men,
T. R. Reeves and R. H. Scott, championed the negative. It
was a debate of great merit and the Xorth Carolina boys were
much elated with their victory.
A memorial meeting in honor of President McKinley was
held in Gerrard Hall on September 16. Mr. Whitehead
Kluttz spoke extremely well, as he is wont to do, as represen-
tative of the various schools of the University, and Rev. Dr.
J. William Jones, on behalf of the citizens. Judge J. C.
MacRae, on behalf of Faculty and students, reported the res-
olutions. Besides recording the general grief at the cruel
murder of the President, they expressed the highest apprecia-
tion of his character and patriotic impulses, avoiding expres-
sion of opinion as to his political views.
Early in 1902 Dr. Paul Barringer, Chairman of the Fac-
ulty of the University of Virginia, and member of its Medical
Faculty, lectured in Gerrard Hall on "Some Problems in
Hygiene." Dr. Barringer is a son of the late General Rufus
Barringer and has honored the State of his birth bv his attain-
606 History of University of Xorth Carolina.
ments in science. Another Faculty lecture was by Dr. Hubert
A. Royster, Dean of the Medical School at Raleigh. From his
wide reputation for medical knowledge and skill, his large
audience expected and obtained an able exposition of the
progress of medical science. One of the Faculty lectures was
delivered by Dr. Thomas Hume on the subject "From Mystery
to Shakespeare." He gave a vivid review of the influences
which prepared the way for the new romantic drama. And
another was by Dr. C. L. Raper on "The South Economically
Transformed." In clear and interesting words he showed the
wonderful advance of the South since the war.
In May, 1902, Dr. Hamilton W. Mabie delivered a lecture in
Gerrard Hall, presenting his subject with the skill of a master.
It was "The Spirit of a Great Book." He said, "A book may
have power, it may have imagination, but a great book must
have vitality." This was the last of the "star course," a series
of lectures, concerts, etc., about once a month, procured by a
committee of the Faculty and the two literary societies and at
their expense. As the societies pay a lump sum for all, the
members have free admittance. All others pay for the priv-
ilege.
The first Intercollegiate Debate between this University and
that of Johns Hopkins was had in March. The question was
"Do Modern Trusts Threaten the Welfare of the American
People?" Johns Hopkins, for the affirmative, was represented
by Messrs. H. W. Plaggemeyer and Harry B. Stone, and their
adversaries were Messrs. R. R. Williams, Di, and P. D. Stern,
Phi. This Universitv was victorious. The meeting was in
Baltimore.
The sixth debate between the Universities of Xorth Caro-
lina and of Georgia was in Chapel Hill, on the query "Are the
Democratic Institutions of the United States in Danger from
the Growing Power of Centralization ?" North Carolina had
the affirmative and her champions were C. A. Bynum (Di)
and R. W. Herring (Phi). Georgia was represented by
W. M. Hardy and J. D. McCortney. Dr. Battle presided and
the judges were Hon. H. G. Connor, Rev. Dr. L. W. Craw-
ford, and Mr. Matt Thompson. They decided in favor of
Georgia.
Events in 1901-02. 607
In March the University of North Carolina met Vanderbilt
University in debate. The speakers of the former were
Messrs. T. A. Adams (Phi) and Charles G. Ross (Di). The
question was "Should the Federal Government Own and Con-
trol the Railroads?" The victory was won by this University.
The winter was signalized by the labors of Weston Raleigh
Gales, a revivalist of distinction, a member of the Protestant
Episcopal Church, but not an ordained minister. Mr. Gales
was of lineage noted in Xorth Carolina. His great-grand-
father, Joseph Gales, left England to avoid arrest for being
Secretary of a society which Pitt's ministry, in dread of the
spread of the principles of the French Revolution in Great
Britain, pronounced to be treasonable. He settled in Raleigh
and until his death was the able editor of the Republican
organ, the Raleigh Register. Under his son, Weston Raleigh
Gales, it espoused the cause of the Whigs. When he died, his
son, Major Seaton Gales, a first honor graduate of the Uni-
versity, 1848, succeeded to the editorship, but the paper was a
financial failure and his son went into mercantile business in
New York. Failing in this, after falling into dissipation, he
was aroused to a higher life and became successful as an evan-
gelist. He used no impassioned rhapsodies but appealed to
reason in a simple, straightforward diction and manner.
During the week his services were attended by large audiences
of students and villagers. He held a series of meetings in the
Methodist Church with the same happy results as in Gerrard
Hall.
President Yexable's Report, 1902.
In February, 1902, President Yenable made a report of the
condition of the University, which I condense.
The Faculty has grown in number to sixty-four ; students
five hundred and seventy-five ; equipment $500,000 ; income
$77,000. Since 1875 private persons have donated $200,000.
In the last three years have been added the Carr Building,
$18,000; the Mary Ann Smith Building, $16,000, and the
Alumni Building, $36,000. The power house has been doubled
in size and a new athletic field with stand laid off. The water
works and sewage system completed, $20,000 ; an excellent
608 History of University of North Carolina.
system of heating completed, $28,000; four new laboratories
have been equipped, and three others enlarged. There are
eleven scientific laboratories, occupying thirty-four rooms. For
higher work in Latin, Greek, German, English, History, and
Political Economy have been fitted up seminary rooms and
also provision made for a Law Library.
The policy is to have a teacher for every thirty or forty stu-
dents. An Instructor has been added in Greek, an Assistant
Professor in Latin ; the Department of English, which three
years ago had one Professor and one Instructor, now has two
Professors, an Associate Professor, an Instructor and an as-
sistant, making it the strongest in the South. The same is true
of the Department of Chemistry, which has two Professors,
an Instructor and three assistants. The Chair of Economics
and Finance has been established and additional assistance pro-
vided in History. The Department of Biology has been divided
and an Associate Professor of Botany appointed. An assist-
ant in Mineralogy and one in Pharmacy have been appointed.
As to the relative standing with other institutions in the
South, counting graduates and academic students only, Uni-
versity of North Carolina has four hundred and fourteen, Uni-
versity of Virginia two hundred and fifty-seven, Vanderbilt
two hundred and twenty-three, Tulane one hundred and
twenty-eight, Texas seven hundred and thirty-two. Of mem-
bers of the Academic Faculty University of North Carolina
has twenty-one Professors and nineteen Instructor assistants,
in all forty; Virginia sixteen, and in all twenty- four; Vander-
bilt sixteen and eight, in all twenty-four ; Tulane fifteen and
four, in all nineteen, and Texas twenty-three and forty, in all
sixty-three. It thus appears that University of North Caro-
lina has one hundred and sixty-two more Academic students
than the University of Virginia and nearly twice as much
teaching force.
As regards the training of the Faculty there are four hold-
ing the degree of LL.D., one of D.C.L., thirteen Ph.D.,
fourteen A.M.. thirteen M.D., one Ph.G., one M.S., two C.E.,
twenty-three A.B., four Ph.B., five B.S.
In our Faculty our own University has thirty-four alumni,
University of Virginia has eight, Johns Hopkins six, Harvard
President Venable's Report, 1902. 609
five, Chicago three, Cornell three, Yale two, Columbia two,
Vanderbilt, Bowdoin, Columbian, Georgetown, Mississippi,
Jefferson Medical, Long Island, Philadelphia College of Phar-
macy, Emerson School of Oratory, one each ; Pennsylvania
and Maryland two each, Bellevue six, and the following for-
eign universities, Berlin four, Paris, La Sorbonne, College de
France, Leipsic, Bonn, Goettingen, Florence, one each.
The University comprises the departments of College, Grad-
uate, Mining. Law, Medical, Pharmacy, Summer School, and
Pedagogy.
The Graduate Department, sometimes called Postgraduate,
open to graduates of this University and other universities and
colleges of high standing. Residence required of the latter
but not of our own graduates, unless studying for Doctorate
of Philosophy.
Mining. Thirty-four courses offered. Funds badly needed
for equipment and teachers, but a number of young men have
been trained. Six of them are in the service of the United
States Government, and others are promised positions.
Law. In charge of two Professors. Sixty-four students
in attendance last year. Nine months in session and three
months in vacation. Our law students very successful in stand-
ing the Supreme Court examinations. Study Of two years
is required for the degree of Bachelor of Laws (B.L.).
Medicine. This department, on the removal to Durham of
its chief, Dr. T. W. Harris, was discontinued for want of
funds. It was revived in 1891 under Dr. Richard H. White-
head. In a few years Dr. Charles S. Mangum (1891) was
called in as Professor of Materia Medica and Instructor in
Anatomy. It was then incorporated into the University. The
department was strengthened in 1897 by the addition of Dr.
Isaac H. Manning as Professor of Physiology. A dissecting
hall, and physiological, bacteriological and pathological labora-
tories have been provided.
At the beginning of the session the Medical Department in
Raleigh was established, lengthening the course to four years
and granting the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). The
Professors in the Raleigh or Advanced Department were
39
6io History of University of North Carolina.
Hubert Ashley Royster, A.B., M.D., Dean and Professor of
Obstetrics and Gynecology ; Augustus Washington Knox,
M.D., Surgery ; Wisconsin Illinois Royster, M.D., Practice of
M edicine ; Richard Henry Lewis, A.B., M.D., Diseases of the
Eye and Ear; Kemp Plummer Battle. Jr., A.B.. M.D., Diseases
of the Xose and Throat. These constituted the Medical De-
partment at Raleigh, where they reside.*
The Medical Faculty now numbers twenty-four. During
this term eighty-one students have been enrolled. The students
stand high. Two years of the course are received for two
years at most of the reputable medical colleges.
Pharmacy. This department was established in 1896 with
Prof. Edward A'. Howell. Ph.G.. as Dean. In 1901 it was in-
corporated in the University. The laboratory and lecture ac-
commodations have been doubled and the equipment largely
increased. There are valuable collections of medicinal plants.
An assistant has been added, and including Chemistry. Biology,
etc., the Faculty numbers twelve. The number of students
already enrolled is forty-one.
The Summer School. The Summer Normal School of
i877~'84, under guidance of President Battle, has been fully
described. It is estimated that over three thousand five hun-
dred teachers have been in attendance since that time. The
attendance on the recently revived school is ninety-one, the
lack of funds preventing its full development. The General
Education Board has agreed to add enough hereafter to de-
velop this department.
Normal Department. There are sixty-nine students in the
class of Pedagogy this year. Many trained teachers have been
sent out to the graded and other higher schools, and these in
turn have furnished teachers to the lower public schools. The
resources of the University at present do not allow it to have,
a department for the especial training for taking charge of
primary teaching. A special appropriation of $5,000 to $7,500
would suffice for this.
For the year 1902-03 the five hundred and seventy-five stu-
dents are distributed as follows : Academic, three hundred
and ninety ; Law, sixty-six ; Medicine, eighty-one ; Pharmacy,
"The department at Raleiirh was increased from time to time until it contained fifteen
professors and assistants. In 1910, as will be seen, it was discontinued.
President Yexable's Report, 1902. 611
forty-one; Graduates, twenty-three; Seniors, sixty-four;
Juniors, sixty-five ; Sophomores, one hundred and one ; Fresh-
men, one hundred and thirty.
Ages. The general rule is to admit those only who are
sixteen at nearest birthday. In 1901-02 only twelve were
under seventeen; in 1902-03 the number is twenty-one. For
five years the average age at entrance for i898-'99 nineteen
years four months; 1899- 1900 nineteen years fourteen days;
1900-01 eighteen years twenty days; 1901-02 nineteen years
six months ; 1902-03 eighteen years, nine and one-half months.
The average age of the graduating class, 1899, is twenty-three
years six months; 1900, twenty-one years six months: 1901.
twenty-three years eight and two-thirds months ; 1902, twenty-
two years five months. This list shows that a number of the
older men drop out after remaining a year or two and go into
business.
Preparation of Students. The entrance requirements have
been steadily increased and are in excess of those agreed on by
the Southern Association of Colleges. The schools and acad-
emies of the State have greatly improved. All over the coun-
try it is found necessary to condition students on one or more
studies. Fifty-seven per cent of the Freshmen entering Har-
vard are in this category. With us the Freshman must make
good his deficiency before becoming a Sophomore. The studies
required for admission are English, Greek, Latin, History.
Mathematics, French, German, and Physics. For the A.B.
course the first five are required. For the Ph.B. course either
French, German, or Physics may be substituted for Greek.
For the B.S. course two of these may be substituted for Greek
and Latin. Xo entrance into the Academic Department with-
out satisfactory attainments in at least three of the require-
ments, but admittance may be had on certificates from the
principal of certain specified schools.
In 1902-03 in Latin there were eighty-one admitted and
thirty-one conditioned ; in Greek twenty-eight admitted, five
conditioned ; in English one hundred and thirty-five admitted,
sixty-seven conditioned ; in Mathematics one hundred and
thirtv-five admitted, fiftv-six conditioned. Freshmen entering
612 History of University of North Carolina.
various courses, for the degree of A.B. 24.4 per cent, Ph.B.
36.4, B.S. 22.1; no degree 16.1 per cent. The graduates were
in A.B. 45 per cent, in Ph.B. 35, in B.S. 20 per cent, in B. Litt.,
none. The statistics show that there was a gradual diminution
in proportion of those electing the A.B. course.
Of those who entered as Freshmen twenty-nine per cent
graduated. This shows that over two-thirds leave the Uni-
versity before completing their course. This is caused partly
by poverty, partly by a restlessness to begin their life work.
Sickness has no appreciable effect. Of this twenty-nine per
cent those having no entrance conditions are thirty-three per
cent ; those having one entrance condition, twenty-six per
cent ; those having two entrance conditions, twenty-six per
cent ; those having three entrance conditions, fifteen per cent.
Those having no conditions attended the more expensive
schools. The percentage of those who left the class was seventy-
one. Of these those who had no entrance conditions were
thirty-three ; those having one entrance condition, twenty-five
per cent ; those having two entrance conditions, twenty-four per
cent ; those having three entrance conditions seventeen per
cent ; died one. The large number of our students who leave
before finishing their course is a great drawback to its prestige.
This evil will possibly diminish as the country becomes more
prosperous.
About sixty per cent of the students are church members.
In the Senior Class of 1902 ninety per cent are church mem-
bers. The Y. M, C. A. membership this year is one hundred
and seventy-five. A building for the Association is much
needed; $1,662 is in hand and subscriptions for $1,924. If
their hopes were realized and a neat home for the Association
secured, there would be notable increase of numbers and influ-
ence.
The Gymnasium is under a skilled instructor, Mr. E. von den
Steinen. The three lower classes attend. A new Gymnasium,
with modern conveniences, has been erected by the munificence
of ex-Judge W. P. Bynum, and will be of signal benefit. Out-
door sports are directly under the charge of the Athletic Asso-
ciation, subject to the control of a committee of the Faculty.
Address of Hon. Edward \Y. Pou, 1902. 613
The Faculty rules governing athletics are : ( 1 ) A student
not registered before October 12th can not be a member of the
University team; (2) a former student must pass on six hours
of work; (3) he can not be a member if deficient in a majority
of his classes ; (4) nor can a student who has received compen-
sation for athletic services.
Commencement of 1902.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was preached by Rev. O. E.
Brown, D.D. It abounded in eloquent diction and wise coun-
sels.
The Senior Class exercises of 1902 were very interesting.
After attending Prayers in a body the President, M. H. Stacy,
made an address of welcome. H. M. Robins gave a delight-
fully humorous History of the class, which was followed by
the Prophecy by R. R. Williams. The presentation of prizes,
a feature sparkling with humor, was then conducted by B. S.
Drane. The class gift, a reproduction of the Apollo Belvidere,
was made by D. P. Stern in a graceful speech and was ac-
cepted on behalf of the Trustees by Air. F. H. Busbee.
E. W. Pou's Address.
The address of Hon. Edward W. Pou, alumnus of 1884, on
June 3, 1902, on "Individual Responsibility in Government."
was a thoughtful and frank presentation of the subject. Some
of the sentences about higher education should be recorded.
He asked "What is the University? Not the chartered corpora-
tion, not the Faculty, not the student body, not the Alumni Associa-
tion, not these stately buildings, their equipment, and the Campus
with its irresistible attractiveness. University life is confined not
to the present. The century which has just been registered is
part of it. They are in its treasury to be preserved forever. It
embraces every State in the Union, every department of the Gov-
ernment and every condition in life. The time has passed when the
State can claim exclusive title to the University. It is the agent
of the republic, the sub-treasury of the republic wherein are con-
served and nurtured all ideas which tempt the human family to
struggle for higher and better things.
614 History of University of North Carolina.
This is the day of the educated man. * * * There is a
greater demand for genuine culture than ever before in the history
of the world. * * * In the humblest homes in our State there
is yearning for knowledge. Every condition of life is quickened.
From the mountain to the sea goes" up the cry "Education is light:
ignorance is darkness. Education is hope : ignorance invites de-
spair. Help us to dispel the darkness around us. Turn the light
into our little homes that hope may be quickened in the breast of
the poorest child in the State." * * * To our University and
colleges we must look to a very large extent for the correction of
any tendency toward error in our national life.
My friends! This great institution is the University of all the
people. It belongs to no particular class. The taxpayers of the
State will always maintain it. It is strong. It is the exponent of
righteousness. It is one of the beacon lights of the republic which
illumines the pathway of man as he struggles onward and upward
even to the end of time.
At night the representatives of the two societies contended
in debate. The Philanthropies were Reuben Oscar Everett
and Francis Sylvester Hassell. The Dialectics were Lester
Leonidas Parker and Roach Sidney Stewart. The award of
the Bingham Prize for superiority in debate was given to the
Dialectics, Parker and Stewart.
The next day the Senior orators contended for the Mangum
Medal. They were Pinckney Broadfield Groome, Marvin
Hendrix Stacy, Robert Ransom Williams, and Thaddeus
Awasaw Adams. The medal was awarded to Mr. Stacy.
The Commencement Address was then delivered by Hon.
Hilarv A. Herbert, Secretary of the Navy, and was eminently
worthy of his distinguished reputation.
The Degrees in Course were then granted, with diplomas
and Bibles.
Bachelors of Arts 23
Bachelors of Philosophy 18
Bachelors of Science 10
Bachelors of Laws 3
Graduate in Pharmacy 1
Masters of Arts .' 4
Masters of Science 3
Total (for names see Appendix) 62
Commencement of 1902. 615
Medals and Prizes:
The Holt Medal — Rufus Clegg Morrow.
The Hume Medal — Richard Nixon Duffy.
The Hill Prize — John Atkinson Ferrell.
The Harris Prize — Leone Burns Newell.
The Greek Prize — Sidney Swain Robins.
The Worth Prize — Charles Metcalfe Byrnes.
The Bradham Prize — Benjamin Franklin Page.
The Early English Textbook Society Prize — Minna Curtis
Bynum.
The Bingham Prize — Lester Leonidas Parker, Roach Sidney
Stewart.
The Mangum Medal — Marvin Hendrix Stacy.
Certificates :
Greek — Christiana Busbee, Julius Fletcher Duncan, Robert
Amsei Merritt, Helen Louise Odum, Buxton Barker Wil-
liams, Robert Ransom Williams.
Latin — Minna Curtis Bynum, David Clark Ballard, Helen
Louise Odom, James Thomas Smith, William Faris Staf-
ford.
French — Claude Oliver Abernethy, Louis Graves, Mary
Groome, Henry Moring Robins.
English — Mary Groome.
History — Julius Fletcher Duncan, John Atkinson Ferrell, Guy
Vernon Roberts, Edward Duncan Sallenger.
Physics — David Clark Ballard, Metrah Makely, Jr.
Mathematics — Christiana Busbee, Richard Nixon Duffy, John
Steele Henderson, Jr., Marvin Hendrix Stacy, George Phi-
fer Stevens.
Chemistry — Hugh Hammond Bennett, Fred Henry Lemly,
Eugene Grissom Moss, John William Turrentine, Hubert
Raymond Weller.
Geology — George Chadbourn.
Pedagogy — Gardiner Marion Garren. James Harry Mclver,
Robert Amsei Merritt, Marvin Hendrix Stacy, Edward
Swain.
Biology — Ivey Foreman Lewis.
The editors of the University Magazine make a serious com-
plaint that many of the Faculty and students are absent at
Commencements, thus diminishing the eclat of this literary
festival. The editor says "It is discreditable that the crowd
should consist only of the Seniors, the dancing men, a very
few others, together with visitors from the village and from a
616 History of University of North Carolina.
distance." He excuses students of slender means who find it
more economical to go home or to their vacation work, but
thinks the others ought to stay to add to the attendance as
well as hear the words of wisdom from the speakers. He
fears that those of the Faculty who avoid Commencements,
may, some of them, be wishing to be rid of the trouble or ex-
pense of entertaining visitors. There are some, however, who
hasten to begin their vacation appointments.
Those who remember the brilliant Commencements of old
times sympathize with this criticism. President Swain, who
was admirably well acquainted with the tastes and modes of
the people of his day, insisted on making them as imposing as
possible. Every member of the Faculty was compelled to
attend a Faculty meeting the day after the exercises were over
and assist in making out the reports on the work of the stu-
dents. The first or second year after he entered on his office
in 1836 a young professor who insisted on leaving before Com-
mencement in order to visit the young lady whom he was
shortly to marry, was censured by the President. He resented
this and appealed to the Faculty, who sustained him, but the
President appealed to the Trustees and carried his point.
After this the professors remained and dispensed hospitalities
sometimes sorely beyond the range of their small salaries. I
have known of the good "professoresses" having to care for
twenty-five or thirty guests, to the notable increase of the
popularity of the University. "Friday after Commencement,"
became a proverbial expression for wornout muscles and tired
nerves, for hastening off of visitors and assurance of restful
times. One student who remained in vacation, worn out by
Commencement duties and exactions, his roommate and
neighbors being gone, repaired to his solitary couch Friday
evening at eight o'clock and slept uninterruptedly for eighteen
hours.
The second of the James Sprunt Historical Monographs was
a notable one, "The Congressional Career of Nathaniel Ma-
con," by Edwin Moore Wilson, with Letters of Macon and
W. P. Mangum, fully annotated by Kemp P. Battle, LL.D.
Mr. Wilson's work is very thorough, candid and just. Sen-
Thomas Rcffix
George Howe
J. E. Latta
J. E. Mills
J. D. Brunei:
Hubert Ruyster
Faculty Changes for 1902-03. 617
ator Macon's letters are valuable as showing the views of an
extremely strict constructionist. State or United States aid
to railroads he views with horror as destructive of government.
Dr. Battle's sketch of him and his family and his elucidations
of the numerous allusions to public and private matters are
full.
There were noteworthy changes in the Faculty for the ses-
sion of i902-'o3< especially in English and Biology. Charles
Alphonso Smith, born in Xorth Carolina, took charge of the
instruction in the English Language. Dr. Hume retaining Eng-
lish Literature. Dr. Smith had been Professor of English in
the Louisiana State University. He took the degrees of A.B.
from Davidson College in 1884. A.M. in 1887, and Ph.D. in
English from Johns Hopkins University in 1893 ; then in
i900-'oi, studied in London, Paris, and Berlin. He is a mem-
ber of Modern Language, American Dialect, and German
Shakespeare societies, and the Shakespeare Society of New
York. He is author of "Repetition and Parallelism in English
Verse," "Old English Grammar and Exercise Book," Asso-
ciate Editor of the World's Orations, Editor of McCauley's
Essays on Milton and Addison ; joint author with Dr. Gustav
Kruger, Berlin, of the English-German Conversation Book.
He has ready for publication "A Grammar of Modern Eng-
lish."
Dr. Archibald Henderson was granted a year's leave of
absence and spent it in study in the University of Chicago, in
which he lectured in place of one of the Instructors, who spent
his year's absence in Europe. His place as Instructor in Math-
ematics was filled by Messrs. M. H. Stacy and G. P. Stevens.
The Department of Biology was divided so as to have an
Associate Professorship of Botany. William C. Coker, Ph.D.,
Johns Hopkins, 1901, was chosen. He is from South Carolina,
has spent a year in Germany, and is well equipped in his de-
partment.
Henry Van P. Wilson, Professor of Biology, was given a
year's leave of absence in order to complete a work in which
he was engaged. During his absence Dr. J. E. Duerden had
618 History of University of North Carolina.
his classes. Dr. Duerden was born in England, is a graduate
of the Royal College of Science, and has taught in the Uni-
versity of Dublin and in the Institute of Jamaica. He held the
Bruce Fellowship in Johns Hopkins University. He has pub-
lished a number of important papers on scientific subjects. He
is now (1912) a Professor in South Africa.
As Assistants in the Department of Biology, Messrs. Ivey F.
Lewis and F. M. Hanes took the place of Mr. Dorman Thomp-
son.
Mr. E. K. Graham was granted leave to continue his studies
in Columbia University, in which he held a fellowship. His
work in the Department of English was divided between In-
structors Bernard and McKie, with Messrs. J. C. B. Ehring-
haus and B. F. Huske as Assistants.
Mr. J. E. Latta, Instructor in Physics, was allowed to accept
a fellowship in Harvard University for a year and his work
was carried on by Dr. J. E. Mills, and Assistants H. R.
McFadyen and F. L. Foust.
Mr. Palmer Cobb resigned in order to study in Columbia
University. Mr. Louis Graves was made Assistant in French
and Mr. W. C. Rankin Assistant in German.
Mr. M. C. Guthrie was Assistant in Anatomy.
Mr. R. F. Leinbach was appointed to train the musical or-
ganizations of the University.
Faculty of the Summer School in 1902.
Francis Preston Venable, Ph.D.: President.
Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble: Superintendent and Professor of
Pedagogy.
Kemp Plummer Battle, LL.D.: Lecturer in History.
Joseph Austin Holmes, S.B.: Lecturer in Geology.
Joshua Walker Gore, C.E.: Lecturer in Physics.
Thomas Hume, D.D., LL.D.: Lecturer in English Literature.
Eben Alexander, Ph.D., LL.D.: Professor of Greek.
Collier Cobb, A.M.: Professor of Geology.
Alvin Sawyer Wheeler, Ph.D.: Associate Professor of Chemistry.
George McFarland McKie: Instructor in Expression.
Thomas James Wilson, Jr.. Ph.D.: Instructor in Latin.
Palmer Cobb, Ph.B.: Instructor in German.
Clarence Albert Shore, S.B.: Instructor in Biology.
Summer School Faculty, 1902. 619
Edward Pearson Moses, A.M.: Instructor in Reading and Primary
Work.
James Edward Mills, Ph.D.: Instructor in Mathematics.
Francis Moore Osborne, A.M.: Instructor in English.
Alexander Graham, A.M.: Instructor in Physiology.
George Adonijah Grimsley, A.M.: Instructor in English.
Ernest Preston Mangum, A.M.: Instructor in Geography.
Thomas R. Foust, B.E.: Instructor in Mathematics.
J. E. Matheson, A.B.: Instructor in Latin.
George F. Atkinson, Ph.B.: Lecturer in Botany.
Thomas Gilbert Pearson, S.B.: Lecturer in Ornithology.
Benjamin Sledd, A.M.: Lecturer in English.
D. H. Hill, A.M.: Lecturer in English Literature.
Euler B. Smith: Instructor in English Grammar.
• W. R. Garrett, Ph.B.: Instructor in History.
I. Lustrat, B.L. : Instructor in French.
Margaret A. Johnston, B.A.: Instructor in Kindergarten.
Franklin Sherman, Jr.: Instructor in Zoology.
Charles Ledley: Instructor in Sloyd.
There were ninety student-teachers in attendance at this ses-
sion of the Summer School.
Further Events of 1902.
August 2, 1902, died Hon. Alexander Mclver, once Profes-
sor of Mathematics in Davidson College and in the Pool ad-
ministration of the University, afterwards State Superintend-
ent of Public Instruction. He graduated at the University in
1853 with first honor. His efforts towards the revival of the
University in iSy^'y^ have been explained. He was a faith-
ful, good man, an able mathematician and a thorough in-
structor.
On August 6th there was a fierce wind from the northeast.
Coming from an unusual direction there was a sad destruction
of venerable trees. There was general grief because the sym-
metry of the Old, or Davie, Poplar was destroyed. Two im-
mense limbs were torn off and it appeared that the loss was
irreparable. Since the disaster, however, the noble and ma-
jestic tree has made mighty efforts to renew its boughs and
hope is felt that something of its original grace will be restored.
620 History of University of North Carolina.
University Day was celebrated in 1902 on the 13th of Octo-
ber, the 1 2th falling on Sunday. Rev. Dr. J. \Y; Jones made
the opening prayer and Dr. Venable introduced the orator of
the day. Dr. Kemp P. Battle. His address was on the Early
History of the University, much extended in Volume I of this
History. It was gratifying to witness the interest taken by the
audience in the beginnings of the institution.
On the nth of November. 1902, died the Registrar of the
University, Eugene Lewis Harris, a most faithful, intelligent,
and efficient officer. He graduated in 1881, and for some years
devoted himself to painting, for which he had a natural apti-
tude. On account of his health he accepted the secretaryship*
of the Young Men's Christian Association with good results in
Winston-Salem and Raleigh and in the far South. In 1894
he was appointed Registrar of the University and was a shin-
ing example of attention to duty even under failing health. He
left a wife and two daughters, accomplished young ladies en-
gaged in teaching.
The James Sprunt Historical Monograph in 1902 was
"Letters of Nathaniel Macon, John Steele and William Barry
Grove, with Sketches and Notes by Kemp P. Battle, Professor
of English." The sketches are short biographies of the letter
writers.
After two vears of experiment the University withdrew from
the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, which in-
cluded the States of Tennessee, South Carolina, and the far
South, the location of this LTniversity throwing it out of touch
with them.
Public lectures were frequently given in Gerrard Hall dur-
ing the year. The names of the lecturers were : Prof. Wil-
liam Cain, Prof. Collier Cobb, Prof. Charles L. Raper.
Rev. Dr. J. William Jones, Prof. H. F. Linscott, Prof. C.
Alphonso Smith, Prof. James C. MacRae, Rev. Dr. Samuel
P. Verner, Prof. J. E. Duerden, Prof. Joshua W. Gore, Dr.
Garrett P. Serviss, Hon. George Wendling, Dr. John B.
DeMotte, Mr. Alton Packard, Dr. George W. Cable. Dr. W.
The University's First Medical Graduates. 621
J. Holland, Dr. Charles Baskerville, Dr. Richard H. Lewis, of
Raleigh, Prof. J. D. Bruner.
It is of interest that Mr. P. A. Lee, of the University School
of Pharmacy, this year passed the highest on examination by
the State Board of Pharmacy. Of the six highest five received
their training here.
Dr. W. C. Coker was chief of the botanical staff of the ex-
pedition organized for a scientific survey of the Bahamas.
Messrs. C. A. Shore, 1900, and F. M. Hanes, 1903, accom-
panied the expedition as assistants.
The Carnegie Institute appropriated $1,000 for Dr. H. V.
Wilson's use in researches on sponges and $1,000 to Dr. J. E.
Duerden in his researches on corals. The Botanical Academy
of Science appropriated $350 and the American Association
$150 to Dr. Baskerville for his researches on thorium.
The James Sprunt Historical Monograph issued in 1903 was
"Letters and Documents Relating to the Early History of the
Lower Cape Fear, with Introduction and Xotes by Professor
K. P. Battle."
The evening of May 7, 1903, was given to the graduating
exercises of the Medical Department. Dean H. A. Royster
presented Zebulon Marvin Caviness, Willis Dowd Gilmore,
William DeBerniere MacXider, and Martin Luther Matthews,
and the M.D. degree was conferred for the first time in the
history of the L niversity. Dr. Henry T. Bahnson, of Winston-
Salem, one of the State's most noted physicians, delivered an
able and inspiring address.
The Commencement of 1903.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was preached by Right Reverend
Alfred Magill Randolph. Bishop of Southern Virginia. The
subject was Law, the text being Romans viii : 3-4. St. Paul
pleads for justification by faith, but not the life that is in vio-
lation of the laws of God and man. The spirit of this world
says to God, Rule in your own kingdom and leave me to mine.
But the church teaches the truth and invites God to enter the
human heart and dwell there. It was a ereat sermon.
622 History of University of North Carolina.
At night Rev. Thomas R. English. D.D., delivered the ser-
mon before the Young Men's Christian Association. He was
of the Union Theological Seminary at Richmond. He took as
his texts, Job iv : 20-23, Eccles. ii : 12-17. and Phil, i: 21. He
discussed interestingly and ably the great question, "Is life
worth living?" "If this life be the vestibule of life eternal, it
is worth living, though clouds of darkness be about us and
every breath a groan."
This year the two societies gave a joint banquet in Commons
Hall. Mr. Graham H. Andrews was toastmaster and made
an address of welcome to which Judge Fred Philips re-
sponded. For the societies Mr. Charles Ross spoke on "The
Societies of Today," and Mr. R. W. Herring on "The Place of
the Societies in the University." Dr. C. Alphonso Smith ex-
plained their "Literarv Value," and Dr. K. P. Battle gave some
"Reminiscences" of student life. Judge Walter Clark made
by invitation the principal address, his subject being "The
Greater University," making an earnest plea for greater ap-
propriations to the University.
Tuesday was largely devoted to Senior Class Day exercises.
The president, R. S. Stewart, made the address of welcome.
Mr. R. W. Herring gave the History, Mr. T. J. Gold the
Prophecy. The Last Will and Testament was read by Mr. G.
L. Jones, and Mr. Z. Y. Judd gave the statistics. After the
exercises around the Davie Poplar Mr. H. R. McFadyen pre-
sented in a handsome speech the class gift to the University —
a handsome electrolier and other electric light fixtures for
Gerrard Hall, which Senator Lee S. Overman accepted in elo-
quent terms.
The Alumni Luncheon was most enjoyable. The president of
the Association, Col. Thomas S. Kenan, presided, Judge Fred
Philips being toastmaster. There were no set speeches,
but the informal talks by Governor x\ycock, Col. T. S. Kenan,
Judge F. D. Winston, Hon. Thomas W. Mason, Dr. W. J. Hol-
land, Mr. George Wratts, President C. D. Mclver, Superinten-
dent J. Y. Joyner, Speaker S. M. Gattis. Mr. Josephus Daniels,
Dr. J. B. Kiilebrew, Mr. J. S. Hill. Mr. R. S. Stewart, Presi-
dent Yenable and others were sparkling with happy thoughts.
Address of J. S. Hill, 1903 623
The Alumni Address was by John Sprunt Hill, Esq., an
honor graduate of the Class of 1889, who had practiced law in
the city of New York, served in the Cuban War, and then re-
turned to his native State, settling in Durham. His thoughts
were strongly and clearly expressed and showed an enlightened
discernment of the educational needs of the State. He gave a
luminous exposition of the legal history of the University and
of its influence in training our political and industrial leaders.
The people from 1776 to the amended Constitution of 1876,
one hundred years, have ordered the lawmaking power to es-
tablish and promote the University. Without the training of
teachers the schools will be worthless. Mr. Hill advocated
giving the alumni some share in the Board of Trustees. He
lauded the beneficence of the gifts of Dr. Deems and of Air.
W. H. Yanderbilt. "Will not some great hearted son or
daughter of the Old North State give our people a great
library, the head of the library system of the State, to illumine
the homes of all the people of every creed and every station,
and show them the hidden paths to the kindly fruits of the
earth and to the eternal blessings of Heaven ? Pearls and pal-
aces, diamonds and dinners will vanish with the tolling of a
bell, great fortunes will be made and lost in a century in a
whirlpool of luxury and extravagance, princes will follow
princes in the lengthening cycles of debauchery and corrup-
tion, but the rich fruits from this, the most beautiful flower
of philanthropy in the garden of fine nativity, will give ever-
increasing hope and happiness to your people and prove im-
mortal and divine."
Mr. Hill then in earnest words advocated the erection of a
building for the Young Men's Christian Association and the
strengthening of the graduate department. "Moved by the
love in our own hearts that sends its warmth down into our
very soul, and that lifts its beauty up to the face of high
Heaven, let us make a great common effort to take up the bur-
dens that our fathers have so faithfully carried, and lift up to
a higher plane of strength and usefulness this grand old guard-
ian of the civil and religious liberties of the people of North
Carolina."
624 History of University of North Carolina.
The orator concluded with the welcome announcement of
his donation of the interest on four thousand dollars to estab-
lish a Fellowship in the Department of History, the first year's
interest to be applied to the erection of the hall of the Young
Men's Christian Association.
At night came the debate by representatives from the Dialec-
tic and Philanthropic societies. The Dialectic speakers were
Xeill Ray Graham and Andrew Hall Johnston. The Philan-
thropies were James Horner Winston and Edgar Samuel
Williamson Dameron. The judges decided in favor of a Dia-
lectic, Mr. Johnston.
On Commencement Day the Senior speakers, chosen by com-
petition, were Thomas Jackson Gold, Bartholomew Fuller
Huske, Curtis Ashley Bynum, and Charles Edward Maddry.
The Commencement Address was then delivered by William
J. Holland, D.D.. LL.D., a native of North Carolina, who set-
tled in Pittsburg, Pa., and is now in charge of the important
Carnegie Museum. It was eminently practical and suggestive,
and tending to infuse into the minds of the young the thoughts
and aspirations necessarv for best citizenship. His subject
was "The Opportunities and Duties of Educated Men in Rela-
ton to the South of the Future."
In presenting the Bibles to the graduates, Rev. Howard E.
Rondthaler made a short speech full of feeling and wise
thoughts.
The Degrees in Course were then granted :
Bachelors of Arts 25
Bachelors of Philosophy .• 20
Bachelors of Science 12
Bachelors of Laws 5
Graduates in Pharmacy 4
Masters of Science 2
Masters of Arts 3
Doctor of Philosophy 1
Total (see Appendix) 72
Young Men's Christiax Association"
Raleigh Road from Franklin Street
Commencement of 1903. 625
Medals asd Prizes:
The Holt Medal — Thomas Felix Hickerson.
The Hume Medal — Nathan Wilson Walker.
The Hill Prize — Robert Withington Herring.
The Harris Prize — Joseph Flanner Patterson.
The Greek Prize — Herbert Henry Moses.
The Worth Prize — Curtis Ashley Bynum.
The Library Prizes — Charles Phillips Russell and Edgar
Samuel Williamson Dameron.
The Magazine Prizes — Preston Cumming, Jr., and Harvey
Hatcher Hughes.
The Early English Text Society Prize — Nathan Wilson
Walker.
The Bingham Prize — Andrew Hall Johnston.
The Bryan Prize — Robert Withington Herring.
The Mangtjm Medal — Charles Edward Maddry.
The Bingham Prize — Leonidas Coleman Griffin
The Certificates:
Economics — R. W. Herring, G. R. Ward.
English— A. L. Moser, J. K. Ross, N. W. Walker, H. White-
hurst.
French — W. J. Gordon, J. B. Thorpe.
German — B. F. Huske.
Greek— J. R. Giles, W. J. Gordon, R. C. Morrow, H. White-
hurst.
History — R. W. Herring.
Latin — J. R. Giles, A. L. Moser.
Mathematics — H. B. Frost, T. F. Hickerson.
Pedagogy — E. P. Holt, G. L. Jones, J. E. Pearson, R. S. Stewart,
J. Tomlinson.
Pharmacy — A. G. Ahrens, L. C. Griffin.
Physics — B. H. Bridgers, R. A. Liehtenthaeler.
The President than made the following announcements : Dr.
Charles Wyche, of St. Louis, established the Hunter Lee
Harris Medal for the best story published in the University
Magazine. As said elsewhere Hunter Lee Harris graduated in
1889 and lost his life by an accident soon afterwards. He had
great promise.
Mr. Hayne Davis, of high honor in Class of 1888, had given
a medal for the best essav bearing: on the Hae;ue Tribunal.
40
626 History of University of North Carolina.
Faculty Changes for 1903-04.
The Board of Trustees elected George Howe, Ph.D., Pro-
fessor of Latin, in place of Dr. H. F. Linscott, who died in
December. Dr. Thomas Ruffin was raised to a full professor-
ship of Law. Instructor E. K. Graham was made Associate
Professor of the English Language. Dr. R. O. E. Davis was
made Instructor in Chemistry. Messrs. L. B. Lockhart and
W. M. Marriott were made Assistants in Chemistry, L. B.
Xewell in Anatomy and Pathology, J. B. Cramer in Anatomy,
W. J. Gordon in French.
Dr. George Howe, Professor of Latin, was born in Colum-
bia, South Carolina. His father was a distinguished clergy-
man, and his grandfather a highly esteemed physician. He is
a nephew of the eminent author, late President of Princeton
University, Governor of Xew Jersey, Woodrow Wilson. He
graduated at Princeton, taught for three years in New York,
then spent three years at the University of Halle, taking there
his degree of Ph.D.
The Summer School Faculty, 1903.
Francis Preston Venable, Ph.D.: President.
Eben Alexander, Ph.D., L.L.D.: Dean of the Faculty and Professor
of Greek.
Robert Marshall Brown. A.M.: Instructor in Geography.
James Dowden Bruner, Ph.D.: Professor of French.
Collier Cobb, A.M.: Professor of Geology and Mineralogy.
William L. Foushee, Ph.D.: Professor of Latin.
Julius I. Foust, Ph.B.: Instructor in Mathematics.
Maurice Garland Fulton, M.A.: Instructor in English.
W. C. A. Hammel: Professor of Physics and Manual Training.
Herman Harrell Home, Ph.D.: Professor of Psychology.
Margaret A. Johnston, B.A.: Instructor in Kindergarten.
Melville Vincent Fort: Instructor in Drawing.
George M. McKie: Instructor in Expression.
Charles Staples Mangum : Professor of Physiology.
James Edward Mills, Ph.D.: Instructor in Physics.
Arthur B. Morrill, A.B.: Professor of Psychology.
Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble: Professor of Pedagogy.
Charles Lee Raper, Ph.D.: Professor of History.
Franklin L. Riley, Ph.D.: Professor of History.
Summer School of 1903. 627
D. N. Shoemaker, Ph.D.: Instructor in Botany.
C. Alphonso Smith, Ph.D.: Professor of English.
Marvin Hendrix Stacy, Ph.B.: Instructor in Mathematics.
Walter Dallam Toy, M.A.: Professor of German.
Alvin Sawyer Wheeler, Ph.D.: Professor of Chemistry.
The general plan of instruction consisted of a total of forty-three
courses, including subjects of special value to teachers in every
grade, grouped under the following heads: Common School Sub-
jects and Methods — Kindergarten, Reading, Expression, Elemen-
tary Physiology, Elementary Physics, Elementary Arithmetic, Man-
ual Training, Elementary Algebra, English Composition, Geography,
Drawing, Elementary History of the United States. History of North
Carolina. Psychology and Pedagogy — Psychology, Art of Teaching,
Philosophy of Education, Philosophy of Method, History of Educa-
tion. High School and College Subjects — Latin Grammar and Liter-
ature, Greek Grammar and Literature, English Grammar and Litera-
ture, French Grammar and Literature, German Grammar and Lit-
erature, American History, English History, Greek and Roman His-
tory, Arithmetic and Algebra, Geology. Mineralogy, Advanced Physi-
ology, Botany, Chemistry.
There were lectures by fourteen prominent men, such as
Governor Aycock, President Mclver of the State Normal and
Industrial College, Superintendent Joyner, President Smith of
Davidson, President Poteat of Wake Forest, ex-President Bat-
tle, Professors Carlyle, Minis, and Hume, ex-Judge MacRae,
J. W. Bailey, editor of the Biblical Recorder, Secretary of the
General Education Board Buttrick, Mr. Murphy of the same
Board, Dr. Lewis, Secretary of the Xorth Carolina Board of
Health, and a series of practical lectures on school buildings
and beautifying buildings and grounds, also on the hygienics of
school life, by Dr. R. H. Lewis and other experts.
In addition to the President and twelve members of the LTni-
versity Faculty, the Faculty of the Summer School included
professors and teachers from the Xew Bedford (Mass.)
schools, the Xorth Carolina Xormal and Industrial College,
the Maryland Manual and Training School, the Beaufort
(X. C.) Kindergarten Training School, the Hartsville ( S. C.)
school, Richmond (Ya.) College, Dartmouth College, Con-
necticut State Xormal School, and the Universities of Mis-
sissippi and Michigan.
628 History of University of North Carolina.
Notes for 1903-04.
The seventh annual debate between the Universities of North
Carolina and Georgia was held at Chapel Hill on April 1, 1904.
The former was represented by Messrs. A. H. Johnston and
I. C. Wright, and the latter by Messrs. A. G. Goluck and
W. W. Patterson. The judges were Mr. Joseph G. Brown,
president of the Citizens National Bank of Raleigh, Mr. J. Van
Lindley, owner of the Lindley Nurseries, and Rev. W. T. D.
Moss, Presbyterian minister at Chapel Hill. The question was
"Are Labor Unions Inimical to our Industrial Development?"
this University having the affirmative. The judges gave the
decision to the affirmative.
Mr. Eugene Morehead Armfield, 1888, donated to the Uni-
versity $5,000, the interest to be used for the purchase of
books for the advanced study of English Philology, enabling
the University to buy the extensive works needed for the study
of the earlier periods of English History.
The athletic record for 1903-04 was notable for a marked
football victory over the University of Virginia. We came
out ahead over Guilford College, Oak Ridge Institute, South
Carolina College (now University), Virginia Military Insti-
tute, Clemson College, and the University of Virginia. We
went down before Georgetown University, University of Ken-
tucky, and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute — winning in six
and losing in three, but one of the victories was the crowning
one at Richmond over a strong team by a score of sixteen to
nothing.
In baseball the record was not so good. Our University won
over Bingham School at Mebane, Oak Ridge Institute, St.
Alban's School (twice), Randolph-Macon, North Carolina A.
and M. College. It lost to Lafayette (twice), University of
Maryland, Davidson College, Cornell, North Carolina A. and
M., University of Virginia (twice), Georgetown University.
Mr. John R. Lemmert, of Baltimore, donated a handsome
silver cup to be given each year to the class team which wins
the largest number of points in field and track athletics at the
spring meet.
Medical Department Graduates, 1904. 629
The Commencement of the Medical Department at Raleigh
was held at Chapel Hill on May 5th. The graduates were
Marshall Crapon Guthrie, Frank Louis Sharpe, John Haywood
Stanley, and Arthur Ponder Willis. Dr. L. J. Picot, then of
Littleton, now Superintendent of the State Central Hospital
at Raleigh, in an intensely practical address, pointed out to the
new followers of a noble profession the steps mounting to the
plane of highest usefulness.
Commencement of 1904.
On the morning of May 29, 1904, the Baccalaureate Sermon
was preached by Rev. James Isaac Vance, D.D., pastor of the
North Reformed Church, Newark, New Jersey. Dr. Vance
is a native of Tennessee, a graduate of King's College and
of the Union Theological Seminary. His sermon was an
able discussion of the second verse of the thirty-second chapter
of Isaiah, "A man shall be as an hiding place from the wind,
and a covert from the tempest, as rivers of water in a dry place,
and the shadow of a great rock in a weary land." Christ was
such a man.
At night the sermon before the Young Men's Christian Asso-
siation was preached by the Rev. G. H. Detwiler, a Presiding
Elder of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His sermon made
a profound impression. His subject was "The Function of
True Manhood."
The Debaters' competition of representatives of the two
societies took place at night of the same day. The Dialectics
were Charles Walter Miller and Charles Carroll Earnhardt.
The Philanthropies were Henry Stewart Lewis and John Ken-
yon Wilson. The judges concluded that Mr. Lewis was the
best speaker. The subject debated was, "Resolved, that the
National Government should Compel the Settlement of all
Labor Troubles of National Importance through a Board of
Arbitration."
After this discussion a pleasant hour was spent in a recep-
tion given by the Faculty.
At the joint Society Banquet Monday night Mr. E. S. W.
Dameron, a Phi, presided and made a pleasant address of
630 History of University of North Carolina.
welcome. The blessing was asked by Rev. Dr. A. D. Betts of
the Class of 1855. Messrs. A. H. Johnston, A. W. Haywood,
and J. B. Ramsey responded to the toast to the Dialectic So-
ciety, Messrs. A. L. Cox, J. S. Newton, and R. S. Stewart to
the Philanthropic. For the Class of 1854 Hon. Richard H.
Battle spoke; for the Class of 1879 Hon. Francis D. Winston,
Major John D. Broadnax, of the Class of 1841, the "oldest liv-
ing graduate," and others, made interesting short talks. The
address of the occasion was by Dr. Charles D. Mclver, 1881,
in his happy and forceful style.
For encouragement to bashful youths Dr. Mclver gave his
personal experience as a speaker. Y\ nen at the University he
dodged all speaking and declamation, regularly paying his fines
in the society for delinquencies. After he became Principal of
the Graded School at Durham, at the celebration of the close
of the first session he was called on in such a way that he
could not honorably refuse to make a short talk. He made a
miserable failure. As he left the hall deeply unhappy, an old
countryman said to him in a pitying tone, "Yer ain"t used to
speakin", is yer, Mr. Mclver?" He determined then that he
would never decline an opportunity to "talk on his feet." Of
course he did not boast of his success, but the truth is that he
became one of the strongest and most effective of Southern
teacher-orators. He accomplished a great work and his un-
timely death caused general grief.
Senior Class Day of 1904 began with prayer in Gerrard
Hall. The President, S. S. Robins, made happily an ad-
dress of welcome. W. E. Pharr read the History of the
class, C. P. Russell, the Prophecy, X. R. Graham, the
Last Will and Testament. These speeches had the usual
sound doctrine and piquant and amusing hits. E. S. \\ .
Dameron then, for the class, presented to the University a
handsome reading desk for the Chapel. It was accepted in
behalf of the University by Col. Thos. S. Kenan, Governor
Aycock being detained in Raleigh by official duties. The clos-
ing exercises were in the afternoon around the Davie Poplar,
when the class statistics were read by A. H. Johnston. The
mild rain did not chill the enthusiasm of the class nor of the
onlookers.
Alumni Address by F. D. Winston, 1904. 631
On the morning of May 31st the address before the Alumni
Association was by Hon. Francis Donnell Winston, then a
Judge, and soon to be Lieutenant-Governor. He won hearty
plaudits by the mixture of wise counsels with humorous his-
tory of the early days of the revived University. It has been
told how he was the first student to enter Chapel Hill at the
reopening in 1875.
I must interrupt the narrative by giving an incident in Gov-
ernor Winston's University career. He was the leading editor
of the University Magazine. Rev. Jordan Weaver was a
widely known aged colored preacher who had burst into prom-
inence by being accused by Tom Dunston, the barber, of de-
frauding him in the division of the catch of a fish trap of which
they were partners. It was part of my policy to keep on good
terms with the denominational colleges. When the next Uni-
versity Magazine appeared, great was my horror to read, "We
are glad to state that the Rev. Jordan Weaver has accepted the
invitation to preach the Baccalaureate Sermon at the next Com-
mencement of WTake Forest College." I sent in haste for the
editor. "Mr. Winston, the University can not afford to make
enemies. Our position is a critical one. I fear your pleasantry
will raise up enemies. I wish you would apologize in your
next issue." "All right sir, they ought not to get angry over a
joke, but I will set it straight." Here is the way he set it
straight : In the next number of the periodical was this item,
"We were mistaken in saying that Rev. Jordan Weaver has
accepted the invitation to preach the Baccalaureate Sermon at
the next Commencement of Wake Forest College. Rev. Jor-
dan Weaver has declined the honor."
The laugh was on me. I said no more about it. If the
Wake Forest boys ever saw the items they sensibly thought
best to consider it a pleasantry, and to "fight shy" of Frank
Winston. If I had been attacked on the subject I had made up
my mind to say, "Oh, that is one of Frank Winston's jokes.
He is a free lance. Nobody takes offense at what he writes.
As Sidney Smith said, he would not be afraid to speak dis-
respectfully of the North Pole. He really thinks kindly of
Wake Forest. His father was a student there."
632 History of University of North Carolina.
After Judge Winston's address luncheon was served to the
alumni in Commons Hall. Col. Thos. S. Kenan, '57, President
of the Association, occupied the chair until the business of the
meeting was finished and then requested ex-Judge Fred Phil-
ips to be toastmaster, he having a peculiar power of enliven-
ing such an occasion. The Secretary, Major H. A. London,
read the minutes of the last meeting and the Treasurer, Mr.
James C. Taylor, 'jj, presented his report. Then speeches were
made by President Yenable, Dr. Charles D. Mclver, '81, Dr.
George T. Winston, '68, and Colonel Robert Bingham, '57.
The committee appointed the year previous. Dr. Yenable and
Messrs. J. S. Hill, S. M. Gattis, and Charles D. Mclver, on the
condition of the University, made their report.
Among other things the committee expressed great gratifica-
tion at the organization of the Graduate Department, with Dr.
C. Alphonso Smith as Dean. They also praised the opening of
a summer course of instruction in Library work, and the or-
ganization of a State Library Association, as tending to make
the librarian not a mere custodian but a trained worker among
books.
The committee recommended a more thorough organization
of the alumni, and that there be a general meeting in each
locality at least once a year, preferably on University Day,
October 12th, delegates to be appointed to attend an annual
assembly during Commencement week. The committee was
reappointed to look further into the needs of the University
and report from time to time.
At the meeting of the Board of Trustees the resignation of
Dr. Charles Baskerville, Professor of Chemistry, was ac-
cepted. He went to the Chair of Chemistry in the College of
the City of New York. He left a notable legacy to his Alma
Mater by addressing to the Yisiting Committee a strong state-
ment of the inadequate accommodations of the Chemical
Building. He showed that the number had increased from
two hundred and fifty-three electing Chemistry in icjoo-'oi, to
four hundred and five in i903-'o_i. Fifty-eight students could
not be admitted in the laboratory, and one class of thirty-eight
Resignation of Dr. Baskerville, 1904. 633
members was given only an abbreviated course in the labora-
tory- of the Department of Pharmacy. Owing to the lack of
room the atmosphere was often intolerable, and it was not
unusual to see the workers with handkerchiefs over their
heads to protect their lungs from the noxious vapors. One
laboratory class had been discontinued on account of the lack
of room.
In spite of these obstacles our graduates were sought for as
teachers or for industrial laboratories. A number of reports of
scientific researches had been published in the journals, and
assistance in money had been received from the Carnegie In-
stitute and the American Association for the Advancement of
Science.
The Visiting Committee, Messrs. Alfred M. Scales, Perrin
Busbee, and Charles W. Worth, approved the paper of Dr.
Baskerville, and the General Assembly, on the application of
the Board of Trustees, granted funds for a handsome and com-
modious new building, the committee for memorializing the
Legislature being Victor S. Bryant, P. Busbee. YV. A. Guthrie,
and R. H. Battle.
There was universal regret at the departure of Dr. Basker-
ville. He was a tireless worker and was always ready to as-
sist those in need of help. He was a valuable officer of the
University, not only in instruction and investigation, but in
many other directions, being especially useful in encouraging
and directing athletics.
A most pleasant event was the presentation in Gerrard Hall
of a loving cup to Dr. Baskerville by Faculty and students. Dr.
Venable presided and Professor H. H. Williams made the
presentation address. Dr. Baskerville responded with much
feeling.
The speakers selected from the Seniors delivered their ad-
dresses on June 1, Commencement Day. They were:
Erasmus Alston Daniel, Jr., on "The Origin of Law."
James Horner Winston, on "Race Destiny."
Lawrence Erastus Rudisill, "A Just Conservatism."
Edgar Samuel Williamson Dameron, "America in World
Politics."
634 History of University of North Carolina.
The judges decided that Mr. Dameron was the best speaker.
The Commencement Address followed. It was by John Hus-
ton Finley, LL.D.. President of the College of the City of New
York. The audience was large and attentive, and the prob-
lems of education and government were ably discussed.
The Degrees in Course were then conferred :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 24
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 21
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) 9
Bachelors of Laws (B.L.) 3
Graduates in Pharmacy (Ph.G.) 4
Masters of Arts (A.M.) 6
Master of Science (M.S.) 1
Total (see Appendix) 68
The Honorary Degrees conferred were Doctor of Letters
(D. Lift.) on Rev. Robert Paine Pell, A.B., 1881, Assistant
Professor University North Carolina. President of Presby-
terian College for Women, Columbia, S. C, and now of Con-
verse College, Spartanburg.
Doctor of Laws (LL.D.), Charles Duncan Mclver, Presi-
dent of the North Carolina State Normal and Industrial Col-
lege for Women.
Prizes and Medals:
The Hume Medal — Charles Phillips Russell.
The Harris Prize — Robert Frederick Leinbach.
The Greek Prize — Victor Lee Stephenson.
The Worth Prize — Sidney Swain Robins.
The Library Prizes — Thomas Bragg Higdon, Otho Bessent
Ross.
The Early English Text Society Prize — Louis Round Wilson,
A.M.
The Bingham Prize — John Kenyon Wilson.
The Mangum Medal — Edgar Samuel Williamson Dameron.
The Bradham Prize — John Bunyan LeGwin.
The Hill Fellowship — John Henry Vaughan.
Certificates :
Chemistry — E. F. Bohannon, J. P. Irwin, G. A. Johnston, R. A.
Lichtenthaeler, L. B. Lockhart. W. M. Marriott, Ernest
Sifford, W. A. Whitaker.
Economics — A. H. Johnston, W. E. Osborne, E. L. Sawyer.
Election of New Professors, 1904. 635
English— N. R. Graham, J. B. Huff, W. F. McCanless, E. E.
Randolph, C. P. Russell.
French — Gray Archer, W. P. Jacocks, W. E. Osborne, W. C.
Rankin, J. H. Winston.
Geology and Mineralogy — R. A. Lichtenthaeler.
German — W. C. Rankin.
Greek — W. H. Mann.
History — E. E. Randolph, E. L. Sawyer, J. H. Vaughan.
Latin — Gray Archer, W. C. Rankin, J. H. Winston.
Pedagogy — G. A. Johnston, W. E. Osborne, J. H. Vaughan.
Physics — A. L. Cox, T. F. Hickerson, H. B. Frost, T. D. Morri-
son, J. H. Pearson.
Faculty Changes for io/xi-'os.
Other business of the Trustees was to accept reluctantly
the resignation of Dr. Thomas Ruffin as Professor of Law,
who designed to practice law in Charlotte. In his place
was chosen Mr. Lucius Polk McGehee. Mr. J. E. Latta, 1899
with honors, A.M. '01, was advanced to be Associate Pro-
fessor of Physics. Mr. X. C. Curtis, Ph.D. 1900, was elected
Instructor in Drawing.
Mr. Lucius Polk McGehee is a grandson of Senator
Badger and a descendant of Colonel William Polk of
the Revolution, who was Chairman of the Board of Trustees
of the University. He was a graduate with highest honors
in 1887. After procuring his law license he was editor of a
law publishing firm in Xew York, and is author of a law book
entitled "Due Process of Law," a high authority. His father,
Montfort McGehee, was a Representative in the General As-
sembly and for some years Commissioner of Agriculture, and
an enlightened Trustee of the University. It has been ex-
plained how he was a prime factor in procuring the amend-
ment to the Constitution, which led to the reopening of the
Lniversity doors in 1875.
Dr. Joseph Hyde Pratt was elected Professor of Economic
Geology. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut. His father
engaged in sugar planting in Louisiana, and was a Colonel in
the Confederate Army. Dr. Pratt took his Ph.B. degree in
Yale University in 1893 and Ph.D. in 1896. He was Instruc-
tor in Yale for three Years and then in the Harvard Summer
636 History of University of North Carolina.
School. He has been State Mineralogist for North Carolina
since 1897, resident in Chapel Hill. He has published a num-
ber of articles and pamphlets on geological and mineralogical
subjects. He declined the presidency of the Colorado School
of Mines. He held high rank in the Louisiana Purchase Ex-
position and is a member of the chief scientific societies in
America. He is now North Carolina State Geologist in place
of Dr. Joseph A. Holmes.
Dr. James Edward Mills, A.B. Davidson College, graduate
student University of North Carolina, 1899, Ph.D. 1901, In-
structor, was promoted to be Associate Professor of Chemistry.
He has published results of investigations in chemical journals,
which are rated as of decided value.
Edgar David Broadhurst, 1899, Superintendent of Graded
Schools of Thomasville, Georgia, and at Greensboro, N. C,
was appointed Instructor in English. He afterwards moved
to Greensboro for the practice of law.
John McLaren McBryde, Jr., was made Associate Professor
of the English Language, in the place of Professor Edward
K. Graham, who took a year's furlough to prosecute his work
at Columbia University. He is son of Dr. J. M. McBryde,
President of the Virginia Polytechnic, and formerly of the
South Carolina College. The son was born in Virginia.
He graduated at the South Carolina College in 1890, obtained
A.M. 1893, and Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins, 1897. He was
Assistant in English at South Carolina College and at Johns
Hopkins, at the latter being a Scholar and a Fellow. For six
years he was Professor of the English Language and Litera-
ture at Hollins Institute, and was very successful.
The summer activity of many of the Faculty rivals their
work in the session. The following examples taken from the
record for the summer of 1904 will give a fair notion of it:
Prof. M. C. S. Noble gave a course of lectures on Peda-
gogy at the LJniversity Summer School ; a course of lectures
on Arithmetic, Geography, and North Carolina History at
McDowell County Teachers' Institute; also "Public Schools
and the People," at Marion, N. C.
f
^3
i
J. F. ROYSTER
N. \Y. Walker
k, ..^
.*
I. H. Manning
W. M. Dey
L. P. McGehee
Palmer Cobb
A. C. McIntosi
Summer Activities of the Faculty. 637
Professor J. A. Holmes filled positions of responsibility and
usefulness at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. He was
Chief of the Department of Mines and Metallurgy ; a member
of the committee of three appointed by the United States Geo-
logical Survey to supervise the United States Geological Coal
Testing Plant ; and a member of the Superior Jury of Awards.
Prof. Collier Cobb gave two courses in Geology in the
University Summer School, and spent the remainder of the
summer in the study of the sand movements between Cape
Henry and Kitty Hawk. He presented a paper on "The Origin
of the Dune Topography, from Cape Henry to the Isle of
Palms.'' at the eighth International Geographic Congress,
Washington, D. C, September 8, 1904. The paper appears in
full in Comptcs Rendus.
Dr. Thomas Hume delivered lectures many times : "The
Spiritual Element in Character," Durham, January 15; a series
on "The Drama of English National Life in Shakespeare's
Historical Plays," Summer School of A. and M. College,
Raleigh, July 4-10; "The Literary Study of the Bible," ibid.,
July 9 ; "Literature in Schools," ibid., July 7. A series of lec-
tures on "The Literature of the Bible," Summer School of the
South, Knoxville, July n-August 6; "The Divine Spirit in
Alan," Knoxville, July 24; "The Consecration of Common
Life," Hillsboro, September 24.
Fall Term of 1904.
The opening of the Fall Term of 1904-05 was the best in the
history of the University up to that date. The Academic stu-
dents numbered four hundred and seventeen, Law seventy-
eight, Medicine, ninety-three, Pharmacy thirty-seven, total
six hundred and twenty-five. By classes the Academic students
were, Seniors sixty-seven, Juniors fifty-eight, Sophomores one
hundred and two. Freshmen one hundred and sixty-six. The
average age of the Freshman class was nineteen years one
month and eleven days. Xinety-three per cent of all the stu-
dents were from Xorth Carolina. Virginia sent thirteen, South
Carolina ten, Xew York five, Pennsylvania four, Florida four,
Ohio two, and District of Columbia, Georgia, Massachusetts,
638 History of University of North Carolina.
Texas, Maryland, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Indiana, one
each, in all forty-six extra-State students.
Of the counties represented by more than fifteen men,
Orange, Wake, Guilford, Mecklenburg send each twenty-seven,
Forsyth nineteen, Wayne seventeen, New Hanover sixteen,
Alamance sixteen, Buncombe sixteen, Edgecombe sixteen.
There were one hundred and ninety-seven Methodists, one
hundred and seventeen Presbyterians, one hundred and forty-
one Baptists, ninety-three Episcopalians, thirteen Lutherans,
ten Disciples, seven Moravians, four Christians, four Hebrews,
four Roman Catholics, two Congregationalists, two Unitarians,
two Seventh Day Adventists, and one Reformed Dutch. Of
the graduates sixteen engaged in teaching. Of the seven who
received the Master's Degree, five were teaching. The number
engaged in teaching shows how intimately connected the pub-
lic schools are with the University.
University Day. 1904.
University Day, 1904, was celebrated with enthusiasm.
The orator of the day was Dr. C. Alphonso Smith, whose sub-
ject was "The Literature of the South." It was worthy of the
subject.
Dr. Venable also made an address, giving many points of
interest connected with his first entering- on his duties in ic
He was called to his professorship while working in Germany at
the University of Bonn, and came as fast as steamship and rail
could bring him. In entering the old United States he found that
things were not to be unduly hurried. On leaving the train at
Greensboro in a wretched little shanty of a depot, he learned that
his train had left and he had twenty-three and a half hours to wait
in a very ordinary tavern. The town had only two to three thou-
sand inhabitants. Durham was then as unpretentious as. Greens-
boro. He finished his journey in a hack, ascending the worst hill it
had been his fortune to drive over. The kindly greetings made him
feel at home and he has felt at home ever since. Only one person
was known to him, Prof. R. H. Graves, a collegemate at the Univer-
sity of Virginia. He arrived on Thursday. He was advised to be-
gin lecturing next day, but told his adviser, Professor Graves, that
it was unlucky to begin on Friday (hangman's day), so he deferred
it until Monday. Only twenty-three years old with no teaching
Dr. Venable's Reminiscences, 1904. 639
experience in college, with only one assistant, a colored man, who
made fires and pumped water into a barrel in the library above, he
was expected to take charge of the entire School of Chemistry.
The first year was "a year of unremitting toil and yet fruitful in
growth, in knowledge and self-reliance, and doubly pleasant in the
gracious friendships which it brought." As it was required of un-
married professors in that day to occupy a room in one of the col-
lege buildings, he had a habitation in the Old East. His lecture
room was the old Person Hall before its enlargement towards the
west. The basement of Smith Hall was the home of the North Caro-
lina Agricultural Experiment Station. The Library above had no
books which any one cared to read, the chief use of the room being
for dancing at Commencement and practicing for a month previous.
Ten University buildings have been erected since. At the morning
Chapel services the Professors in turn called the roll of the students.
There were then only seven Professors, besides the President.
There were two Instructors. They were heavily taxed. Rev. Dr.
A. W. Mangum was Professor of Philosophy, History, and English.
His settee — the word chair is inapplicable — is now occupied by Pro-
fessors Williams, Battle, Hume, Smith, McBryde, Raper, and Noble,
aided by Instructors Broadhurst and McKie.
The College of Natural History, as it was styled in the catalogue
of 1880, was presided over by Dr. Simonds, now Professor in the
University of Texas. He was the whole college and held forth in
the old Phi Library in the north end of the Old East. His work is
now done by Professors Cobb, H. V. Wilson, and Coker. assisted by
Messrs. Allard, Leinbach. Kibler, Amick, MacNider, and Perry. The
then work of Dr. Venable is now done by three Professors, one In-
structor, and three assistants. Dr. Battle was President, Professor
of Constitutional and International Law, and Economics, and had
sole charge of the Law School, his father having died the previous
year. And so through the list. The work was heavy, but was done
cheerfully and faithfully. There should be added the Summer Nor-
mal School, which did so much for the creation and encouragement
of the graded schools and other public schools of the State. For five
weeks most of the University Professors as well as President Battle
were a constituent and working force in the School. They were not
induced to do this by the emolument paid, because the salaries were
of the smallest and the President received nothing.
Dr. Battle and myself are the only two left in the service of the
University. Dr. Winston is President of A. & M. College and Pro-
fessor Simonds is at the University of Texas. The rest are dead:
the courtly Hooper, the eloquent Mangum, Graves with his real
genius for mathematics and rare sense of humor, and Grandy. loyal
friend and hightoned gentleman, the first to lay down his work in
the very beginning of its promise.
640 History of University of North Carolina.
Two others were nominally connected with the University, Dr.
Thomas W. Harris and Dr. Charles Phillips, for both of whom the
struggle has long been over. To the last named I owe more than I
can ever express. Wise counselor and helper, I found him the tru-
est of friends in all times of perplexity and discouragement. That
was a small Faculty and, as I have said, a heavily taxed one, but
the instruction was sound and the work was faithfully done. It
has stood the severest of all tests, the test of time. There were
one hundred and ninety-one of the youth of the State committed to
their charge. A number of these have been Members of the Legis-
lature, and one was Speaker of the House. There are four Trustees
of the University, one Judge, one Member of Congress, one Attorney-
General of North Carolina, one Superior Court Judge of the State
of Washington, one assistant District Attorney of New York City,
and one director of the North Carolina Experiment Station. The
present Superintendent of Public Instruction was among those stu-
dents, and from their number have come six college professors and
four college presidents, including Alderman, President of the Uni-
versity of Virginia, and Mclver, President of the State Normal
College for Women. One artist and explorer of national reputation
was furnished for the Klondike, and a strong body of lawyers,
physicians, ministers, and business men who have played their part
well in the work of the State. The University is proud of these her
sons.
I can not take the time to describe for you the growth of the
University from that day to this. I can not pass it by, however,,
without paying a tribute to the unselfish devotion, the unflagging
zeal, the patience and courage of him who presided over the Univer-
sity during the fifteen most trying years of its existence, and who
now sits among us honored and beloved — Dr. Kemp Plummer Battle.
He it was who first impressed upon the people of the State the great
fact that this is the people's school and it must be supported by the
people for the sake of the people. For in all the ninety preceding
years of its history the State had never made a single direct con-
tribution to its support nor given it a building. Amid poverty, mis-
representation and bitter opposition, he laid the foundation for the
present University, and at last, when worn down by the struggle,
turned over the later building to younger hands.
And the University stands as a fair sight today, making glad the
heart of one who knew it in its galling poverty. With twice the
number of buildings and additional equipment valued at $300,000;
its income seven times as large, its Faculty seven times as numerous,
and four hundred and fifty more students, its future is bright with
promise for the State and for the country. But I would have you
today to think of all this as a priceless heritage from the fathers,
with the golden thread of their love woven in its fabric and the
• University Day, 1904. 641
scarlet thread of their very heart's blood. Oh! think of it as the
creation of their hopes, their labor, and their love, and cherish it
from all harm.
In the evening there was a reception in Commons Hall, given
by the Faculty to the Seniors, graduate students, and members
of the professional schools in the second year. The whole
body of students would have been included, but unfortunately
there is no room on the Hill, except Memorial Hall, which can
hold half of them. The refreshments served were of unusual
excellence; guests and Faculty mingled pleasantly, and the
evening was enjoyed by all.
The County Alumni Associations were flourishing during
this year. At Raleigh, Greensboro, Wilmington, Durham, and
some other cities elaborate banquets were had.
Mr. William Thornton Whitsett, the founder of an academy
far famed in our Southern land, contributed the following
stirring poem on the University Day of 1904:
NOKTH CAEOLINA UNIVERSITY.
Proud is the story that the records bear,
Serene she moves, and tolerant, calm but bold;
Seeking new fields, but treasuring well the old;
Guarding the rich past with all a mother's care
For valiant deed and strong, emblazoned there;
Yet eagerly as men search for veins of gold,
Her sons e'er seek for Truth. Nor hold
It hardship if Truth's paltry crust they share.
In war, her heroes stood 'mid bursting shell,
Where Death was shrieking in the startled air,
And Ruin rode upon each rushing blast;
In peace, in forum, and in Senate well
Her sons have striven; dispassionate, fair;
Content if Right applaud their act at last.
For hundred years at home and far away
True manhood's part her sons have dared to do,
And walk the way of noble men and true.
'Mid her stern oaks God's liberal breezes play,
Nor sect nor schism e'er has turned astray
Her forward glance; tbe poor, the favored few
Of wealth — all alike may here renew
Their vows for Freedom's broader, clearer day.
41
642 History of University of North Carolina.
Aspiring youth, through all the circling days,
The deathless way the mighty dead have trod;
Pouring thy blessings on a favored land,
A bounteous gift; treading fore'er the ways
That bless mankind and upward lead to God.
The James Sprunt Historical Monograph for 1904 was,
"Minutes of the Kehukey Association (Baptist), with Letters
of Joel Battle Fort, and Introduction and Notes by Professor
K. P. Battle." These minutes were carried to Tennessee about
1769 and had never before been published.
The closing exercises of the Medical Department in 1905
were held on May 4, when the degree of Doctor of Medicine
was conferred on Charles Everett Conwell, John Burrell Cran-
mer, John Donnelly, Mont Royal Farrar, Joseph Newitt Moore,
Leone Burns Newell, Ralph Sanders Stevens, and Lorenzo
Stephenson Webb. An address full of sound advice to the
graduates was made by Dr. Albert Anderson, then of Wilson,
N. C, his subject being "Opportunity."
Commencement of 1905.
The exercises of Commencement week were opened May
28, 1905, with the Baccalaureate Sermon by Rev. Charles S.
Gardner, D.D., pastor of Grace Street Baptist Church, of Rich-
mond, Virginia. His theme was "The Higher Life," from the
text, "I came that they may have life, and may have it more
abundantly." He handled the subject with singular eloquence.
At night the Rev. William Meade Clark, D.D., editor of
The Southern Churchman, preached at the invitation of the
Young Men's Christian Association. Dr. Clark had been
Rector of the Chapel of the Cross (Episcopal) at this place,
and was remembered for his most interesting discourses and
agreeable conversations. His sermon therefore was listened
to with profound attention and made a deep impression.
Monday of Commencement week at this time was a day be-
tween days. \\\ the forenoon the new members of the Phi Beta
Kappa were received into the society. The men who by reason
of their high scholarship were elected members are: R. M.
Commencement of 1905. 643
Brown, R. H. McLain, J. E. Pogue, Jr., P. E. Seagle, V. L.
Stephenson, and F. M. Weller. L. R. Wilson was also ad-
mitted to membership because of the high character of his
work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
The third of the banquets given jointly by the members of
the Dialectic and Philanthropic Literary societies, was as suc-
cessful as its two predecessors.
At the banquet, served in Commons Hall. C. W. Miller
acted as toastmaster, and made an address of welcome to
which Dr. Richard H. Battle, of '54, responded for the alumni.
The regular toasts were : "The Societies," to which C. C.
Earnhardt responded ; "The Modern System of Debating,"
Graham Kenan; "The Societies and Culture," A. C. Dalton;
"The Societies and the State," J. K. Wilson.
The Annual Address was made by Judge Robert W. Win-
ston, of the Class of '79, sustaining his high reputation as a
thoughtful orator.
From half past nine in the morning, when the Seniors went
for the last time as a class to the Chapel for Prayers, until the
close of the Faculty reception at midnight, Tuesday was
crowded with events. The exercises of Class Day began at
10:30. In the absence of N. A. Townsend, President of the
class, C. C. Earnhardt presided, and read the address which
the President had prepared. Mr. Townsend was seized with
pneumonia a few days before Commencement, but fortunately
recovered.
The Class History was read by J. A". Howard ; the Prophecy,
by A. H. King; the Last Will and Testament, by C. W. Miller.
I. C. Wright announced the class gift, which showed an origi-
nality characteristic of the Class of 1905. The plan is to re-
serve the formal presentation of the gift until the decennial
reunion in 1915, each member pledging himself to an annual
contribution to the fund, now in hand, during the intervening
years. In this way the University is assured of a larger gift
than she usually receives at the yearly Commencements, and
the permanent organization of the class is strengthened.
Among other good things, it will insure the attendance of a
large portion of the class at the reunion.
644 History of University of North Carolina.
At the close of these exercises, which were listened to with
interest by a large audience, as well as by the members of the
class, Colonel Thomas S. Kenan, President of the Alumni As-
sociation, was called to the chair.
In the absence of Judge W. P. Bynum, President Venable
read a letter from him, presenting to the University the Wil-
liam Preston Bynum, Jr., Gymnasium :
Charlotte, N. C, May, 1905.
To the Board of Trustees of the University of North Carolina.
Dear Sirs: — With your permission, I have caused to be erected
on the grounds of the University, a gymnasium, intended for the
use and benefit of the students, and in memory of a grandson who
died before his graduation at this school.
Naturally, the place desired and selected for this building was the
University of North Carolina, an institution that has accomplished
and is accomplishing so much for the educational growth and pros-
perity of the whole State.
With the hope that this building will be of some assistance in this
great work, I respectfully and cordially present the gymnasium to
the Board of Trustees of the University of North Carolina.
Most respectfully, W. P. Bynum.
"I know of no other act," commented President Venable,
"so gracious, so generous, and done with such fine simplicity."
Dr. Richard H. Lewis was chosen to accept this gift on the
part of the Board of Trustees. His speech was peculiarly
happy :
Speaking for the Trustees, as well as for the people of the whole
State, whose institution this is, I wish to express to the generous
donor whom we honor and esteem as the brave soldier, the able
lawyer, the upright judge, and patriotic citizen, our high apprecia-
tion of this noble gift. We thank him most sincerely for this rich
provision he has made for the proper physical training of our stu-
dents for generations to come; and we are especially gratified that
it has taken the form of a memorial to his talented grandson and
namesake.
William Preston Bynum, Jr., was a student here of the Class of
1893, but lived to complete only two years of his course. The Dean
of the Faculty, in the absence of the President, replying to my in-
quiries, tells me that he was an exceptionally brilliant student, of
fine manly qualities and lovely character, and adds: "I have been
teaching for thirty-two years, and have known many fine students
University Library
Syxcm Gymnasium
The Bynum Gymnasium. 645
and young men, but young Bynum's name always comes first to my
mind when I think of them."
In the dawn of a manhood of such rare promise, with the glow of
the east shining on his bright young face, "God's finger touched him
and he slept." But his is not the sleep of oblivion. He will never
be forgotten as long as the records of the institution remain and its
walls stand. Among the very foremost on its long roll of honor ex-
tending back more than a hundred years, his name is writ in in-
delible ink, and on the front of this beautiful building it is carved in
stone that will withstand the "tooth of time" for centuries to come.
There could not have been devised a more fitting memorial to a
college boy than this. The gymnasium is the center of this depart-
ment in the university life — it is its very heart. And therein is
enshrined for future generations of manly young men the name of
William Preston Bynum, the name of both grandson and grand-
father, ever to be held in grateful remembrance.
No gift could have been more opportune. A suitable gymnasium
was sorely needed in our athletic life. Not infrequently one hears
some one say that boys are sent to college to study, not to play
ball. Such are incapable of feeling the wild delight that follows
upon a home run in the ninth with a short score and the bases full,
or the delirious joy of the touchdown which brings victory. I am
sorry for them. And in my humble judgment they are all wrong,
too, from the practical point of view. As a father, as a physician,
and especially as one who has for years paid more than usual atten-
tion to the problems of health, I do not hesitate to express the opin-
ion that boys should go to college to study and to play ball, if they
are to reap the full benefits of the course.
The effects of proper physical training, according to one of the
highest authorities on hygiene, is to "increase the capacity of the
lungs and the breathing power, to strengthen the heart and the
circulation, to invigorate the brain and the nerve centers, to improve
digestion and nutrition, to make the muscles more powerful, more
responsive to the will and their capacity for endurance greater, and
to lessen the amount of adipose tissue." The brain, through which
swiftly courses the energizing current of rich, pure, healthy blood,
can do more and better work than one fed by a sluggish stream
clogged with waste materials that only exercise can throw off.
And the benefits of this training are not physical only, but moral
as well. It is the school in which self-discipline is most effectively
taught, in which courage, self-reliance, force of will, promptness of
decision and action and the ability to give and take without anger
or malice are all fostered. It makes for temperance likewise. We
have the word of the great Apostle to the Gentiles for it, when he
says: "Every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate in
all things." The experience of every college president confirms this
646 History of University of North Carolina.
statement. It is generally accepted that athletics is the most pow-
erful and effective agency for keeping under control large bodies of
students.
The aim of this University is to train men — not one-sided men,
but well-rounded men — for the honor, support, and protection of the
State and for its own lasting glory. And this can not be done with-
out the athletic feature.
It may be a mere fancy, but the architectural style of the building,
it seems to me, is most appropriate. While very handsome, it is
very simple, as befits a people whose motto is Esse quam videri. It
is a square building, and in this respect I trust symbolical. It
stands firm and strong "four square to all the winds that blow."
And so I hope will ever stand the Athletic Association of the Uni-
versity of North Carolina to the athletic world, straight and true,
firm and strong, four square against all temptations to achieve suc-
cess by trickery or deceit, remembering that defeat with honor is
worth a thousand victories that are besmirched. The general Ath-
letic Association, which is essentially the student body, is the chief
maker of college opinion. May this beautiful building of theirs be
to them a temple of honor, from which emanate such influences that
no man guilty of dishonorable conduct, either on the athletic field or
in the class room, can continue to live within its shadow. In such a
consummation would the beautiful character in whose honor it has
been erected be indeed fitly commemorated.
On Tuesday at 1 1 o'clock came the Alumni Address by
Hon. Charles Randolph Thomas, of the Class of 1881, Rep-
resentative in Congress. When his father of the same name,
Judge Thomas, graduated in 1849, he left the University with
the reputation of being the most eloquent orator in the institu-
tion. His son has shown that he inherits his gifts and his
discourse today received hearty and unanimous plaudits. He
was introduced by Mr. Daniel E. Hudgins of '92.
Soon after the conclusion of Mr. Thomas's eloquent address
the alumni went to Commons Hall for luncheon. Everybody
regretted the absence of Judge Fred Philips, of '58, whose
presence had for many years contributed greatly to the pleasure
of this gathering of the alumni, but who came for the last
time in 1904. Colonel T. S. Kenan, of '57, presided, with
Samuel M. Gattis, Esq., of '84, as toastmaster. After the
minutes had been read by the Secretary, Colonel H. A. London,
of '65, President Yenable made a brief report of the condition
of the University.
President's Report of Growth, 1905. 647
The University is prosperous. The number of students, six
hundred and sixty-seven, now exceeds the enrollment in any
previous year. The graduating class this year is the largest
since the institution's new life began in 1875. There has been
constantly higher attainment in scholarship, and we hope for
the students that they may be square, true, honest, and up-
right, striving to do justice, to love mercy, and to walk humbly
with their God. The new Gymnasium has been built. The
Legislature has increased its annual appropriation to $45,000,
as compared with $25,000 four years ago. The Legislature
made a new departure in appropriating $50,000 for the Chemi-
cal Laboratory. Mr. Andrew Carnegie has made an offer of
$50,000 for a Library, worth any five departments in the Uni-
versity, on condition that a like sum be raised for its main-
tenance. Twenty-seven thousand of the required $50,000 is
already in sight. But the burden of collecting this money is
too great for the President alone, and he requests that a com-
mitte be appointed to share the work and the responsibility.
The committee asked for was appointed as follows : Presi-
dent Venable, C. Alphonso Smith, and E. Alexander, from the
Faculty, and E. M. Armfield, of High Point, and George G.
Stephens, of Charlotte, from the alumni.
Speeches were made by Messrs. Fred Carr, Lieutenant-
Governor F. D. Winston, Col. J. B. Killebrew, Josephus Dan-
iels, J. C. Horner, J. C. McNeill, Kemp P. Battle, J. A. Lock-
hart, Jr., James M. Gudger, Jr., Lindsay Patterson, J. Y. Joy-
ner, John W. Graham, W. A. Betts, J. S. Hill, C. D. Mclver,
Henry Weil, C. C. Earnhardt, and others. Hon. Henry S.
Boutell also made a short speech, full of enthusiasm, which
was heard with great interest by the alumni. On motion of
Mr. Josephus Daniels, the officers of the Association, who have
served it well and faithfully, were reelected.
Late in the afternoon the Seniors held their closing exer-
cises around the old Davie Poplar, with the reading of the class
statistics by T. B. Higdon.
At 8 130 in the evening a large audience gathered in Gerrard
Hall to hear the debate between the representatives of the
Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies, on the question, "Re-
solved, that Congress Should Confer on the Inter-State Com-
648 History of University of North Carolina.
merce Commission Full Power to Regulate Railway Traffic
Rates (subject to review by a Court of Transportation)."
Lieutenant-Governor Winston presided. The Philanthropic
Society on the affirmative, was represented by Messrs. J. S.
Kerr and J. A. Parker; the Dialectic, on the negative, by
Messrs. W. L. Mann and V. L. Stephenson. As announced
on the following day, the affirmative won.
After the debate, a reception was given in Commons Hall by
the President and Faculty.
On Wednesday, the 31st, at 10:15, the academic procession
formed in front of Alumni Hall, and proceeded to Memorial
Hall for the exercises of the one hundred and tenth Commence-
ment. The members of the Faculty were, almost without ex-
ception, clothed in academic costume of cap and gown.
The exercises were opened with prayer by Rev. William A.
Betts, D.D., of '80, of the South Carolina Conference. Ora-
tions were then delivered by four members of the graduating
class :
Walter Kenneth Perret, "The South's Movement Toward
a World Point of View."
Judge Buxton Robertson, "America as a Liberator."
Isaac Clark Wright, "The Best Conditions for Southern
Progress."
Henry Stuart Lewis, "The American Spirit."
Lest the reader think that Mr. Robertson's name of Judge
is a nickname I state that it was given to him by his parents
as a token of their admiration for Judge Ralph P. Buxton, a
graduate of this University in 1845.
The Commencement Address, an admirable production, was
delivered by Hon. Henry Sherman Boutell, Representative in
Congress, of Chicago. To the surprise of his audience he
possessed familiarity with the history of the State. The dis-
course showed throughout an intelligent sympathy with the
Southern people in the solution of their difficult problems.
His theme was "The Obligation of Culture to Democracy."
It was of such interest and importance that it was resolved to
publish it in pamphlet for the benefit of those who did not
hear it spoken.
Degrees, Medals and Prizes, 1905. 649
The graduates then received their diplomas —
Bachelors of Arts '. 25
Bachelors of Philosophy 19
Bachelors of Science 16
Bachelors of Laws 7
Graduates in Pharmacy 4
Masters of Arts 7
Doctor of Philosophy 1
Total (all in Appendix) 79
Medals and Prizes:
The Holt Medal — Robert Henry McLain.
The Literary Essay Medal — George Lucas Paddison.
The Harris Prize — Vernon Albert Ward.
The Worth Prize — Otho Bessent Ross.
The Greek Prize — John Johnston Parker and Percy Hoke
Royster.
The Magazine Prizes — Thomas Bragg Higdon, Quincey Sharpe
Mills.
The Early English Text Society Prize— William Stanly Ber-
nard.
The Hunter Lee Harris Prize — Quincey Sharpe Mills.
The Brett Prize — Charles Hassell and William Thomas Shore.
The Bryan Prize— Newman Alexander Townsend.
The Thomas Hume Prize — Julie Hamlet Harris and Louis
Round Wilson.
The Hill Fellowship in History — John Henry Vaughan.
The Toch Fellowship in Chemistry — Charles Wigg Martin.
The Bingham (Representative) Prize — James Stephens Kerr.
The Mangum Medal — Judge Buxton Robertson.
Special Certificates:
Chemistry — V. C. Daniels, L. McL. Kelly, C. W. Miller.
Biology — W. G. Amick, A. F. Nichols.
English — J. R. Cox, R. G. Lewis.
French— W. C. Cathey, J. R. Cox, H. S. Lewis, C. Wren.
German — F. McLean.
Mathematics — J. C. Hines, Jr., R. H. McLain, F. M. Weller.
Latin- — F. McLean.
History — K. B. Nixon.
Pedagogy — G. L. Tabor.
Physics — J. C. Hines, Jr., F. M. Weller.
The Honorary Degrees were : To be Doctor of Letters
(D.Litt.), President Robert Paine Pell, of Converse College,
South Carolina. Doctor of Laws (LL.D.), Charles Duncan
Mclver, President State Normal and Industrial College.
650 History of University of North Carolina.
The James Sprunt Historical Monograph of 1905 was
"Diary of a Geological Tour by Dr. Elisha Mitchell in 1827
and 1828, with Introduction and Notes, by Dr. K. P. Battle."
Much light is shed on the history and people of Western
North Carolina fourscore years ago.
Summer School Faculty, Session of 1905.
Francis Preston Venable, Ph.D., D.Sc, L.L.D.: President.
Eben Alexander, Ph.D., LL.D.: Greek.
John Addison Bivins: Geography.
James Dowden Bruner, Ph.D.: French.
Collier Cobb, A.M.: Geology and Photography.
Nathaniel Cortlandt Curtis, Ph.B.: Drawing.
Alexander Graham, A.M.: North Carolina History.
Edward Kidder Graham, A.M.: English.
William C. A. Hammel: Manual Training.
Thomas Perrin Harrison, Ph.D.: English.
Herman Harrell Home, Ph.D.: Psychology and Education.
George Howe, Ph.D.: Latin.
Margaret A. Johnston, B.A.: Kindergarten.
James Edward Latta, A.M.: Physics.
George McFarland McKie: Expression.
Isaac Hall Manning, M.D.: Physiology and Hygiene.
Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble: Pedagogy.
Julia Raines: Manual Training.
Franklin Lafayette Riley, Ph.D.: History.
Charles Alphonso Smith, Ph.D.: English.
Marvin Hendrix Stacy, A.M.: Mathematics.
Frank Lincoln Stevens, Ph.D.: Applied Nature Study.
Mrs. Frank Lincoln Stevens: Primary Nature Study.
Walter Dallam Toy, M.A.: German.
Louis Round Wilson, A.M.: Library Methods.
There were two hundred and thirty-eight student teachers
in attendance, deeply in earnest and as a rule successful in
their work.
October 12, 1905, was celebrated with interesting exercises
at the University and by alumni unions in New York City,
Charlotte, Greensboro, High Point, Raleigh, Salisbury, Wil-
mington, Winston-Salem, and other places. One of the tele-
grams was : "We endorse the broad views of the present
administration of our Alma Mater and rejoice in the awakened
appreciation of her services to the Commonwealth."
Address of Colonel Bingham, 1905. 651
The exercises at Chapel Hill were opened with prayer by
Rev. J. W. Wildman. The University orchestra furnished
uncommonly good music, and many voices sang with spirit
the University Hymn.
The principal speaker was Colonel Robert Bingham, whose
theme was "The Status of the South in the Past, the Decad-
ence therefrom ; the Status in the Present and the methods
whereby we may restore it to its proper station." Colonel
Bingham stated that this institution has furnished from its
graduates Presidents to Antioch College in Ohio, to the North
Carolina A. and M. College, Tulane University, and the Uni-
versities of Texas and Virginia ; and professors or associate
professors or instructors to the State Universities of Georgia,
Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Mississippi, Florida,
Tennessee and the Kentucky State College ; to Dartmouth,
Columbian, now George Washington, Princeton, Harvard,
Clemson, Rutgers, City of New York, Lafayette, Cornell, Alle-
ghany, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg,
Southwestern Baptist at Jackson, Texas, Virginia Polytechnic,
Westminster College, Maryland, University of Pennsylvania,
Baltimore City College, North Texas State Normal at Denton,
and the Pennsylvania Normal College at Strasburg ; to Wake
Forest, Trinity, Guilford, Elon, Lenoir, and Catawba ; to the
following colleges for women, North Carolina Normal and
Industrial, Winthrop Normal and Industrial College, at Rock
Hill, S. C, Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts, and the
Sophie Newcomb College at New Orleans.
Washington's Birthday in 1906 was celebrated "on sched-
ule time." Prayer by Rev. M. T. Plyler was followed with a
short address by the presiding officer, Walter B. Love. After
music Laurance E. Rudisill spoke on "The Curtained Corner
in Washington's Life." James S. McNider spoke humorously
on "American History from the • Viewpoint of the Country
Schoolboy." Then the orchestra gave in full and with power,
one of our national hymns, "America." The Annual Address,
by Dr. C. Alphonso Smith, followed. His subject was "In-
dividuality," and he handled it with his accustomed thorough-
ness and power.
652 History of University of North Carolina.
The closing exercises of the Medical Department in 1906
were held on May 11. The address was made by an honored
alumnus of this University, who has continued in Norfolk a
successful career begun in his native State at Lexington, N.
C, Dr. Robert Lee Payne. The graduates were : Claude
Oliver Abernethy, James Garrett Anderson, Arthur Brown
English, Logan Elmore Farthing, Battle Applewhite Hocutt,
Harry Murray Jones, William Stone Jordan, George Ammie
McLemore, John Hamlet Merritt, Jesse Womble Willcox,
Charles Baynes Wilkerson.
Commencement of 1906.
The one hundred and eleventh Annual Commencement,
1906, was opened by the Baccalaureate Sermon, preached by
Rev. H. P. Dewey, D.D. Counsel especially valuable to the
young was given in weighty words and attractive manner. His
text was I John 3 15 ; his subject "The Bruised Heel." God's
schedule of occupations: (1) Pursuit of Truth; (2) Exertion
of personal influence; (3) Deeds of mercy; (4) Business.
At night the sermon at the instance of the Young Men's
Christian Association was by Rev. J. C. Mitchell, D.D. The
members of the Association, and others who ought to join
them, were encouraged to be active in their noble work. They
were laboring faithfully and diligently to extend the kingdom
of Christ on earth — the raising mankind nearer God.
At noon on Monday the elected members of the Phi Beta
Kappa were received into the society. They were J. H.
D'Alemberte, T. W. Dickson, W. H. Duls, E. B. Jeffress, C.
H. Keel, Q. S. Mills, J. J. Parker, J. M. Robinson, W. S.
O'B. Robinson, and H. L. Sloan. J. J. Parker was elected
president. The requirements were raised for future classes.
The afternoon was enlivened by a game of baseball between
the Faculty and Seniors. The Dean of Pharmacy (Dr.
Howell) pitched for the Faculty, who lost, four to six. There
were some brilliant plays and some which the Tar Heel calls
"incoherent."
Tuesday of Commencement week was Class Day, looked
forward to with great eagerness. After morning Prayers,
Commencement of 1906. 653
attended by all the Seniors, arrayed in their gowns, the liter-
ary exercises were held in Gerrard Hall. The President,
Walter B. Love, made the opening address, followed by the
Class Historian, Henry W. Littleton. The Prophet was
Benjamin F. Royal,, making many humorous hits. Perry
E. Seagle read the Last Will and Testament of the class. Then
John A. Parker explained the class gift. Each member sub-
scribes a certain sum to be paid annually. The fund thus ac-
cumulated in ten years, at the decennial reunion of 19 16, will
be presented to the University. It will probably be about
$2,000.
In the afternoon the Seniors formed at the well and marched
to the Davie Poplar. The Campus was alive with an admir-
ing company of old and young. The Statistician's report was
made by Archie C. Dalton. The Pipe of Peace and Fel-
lowship was then smoked. Class songs were sung and then
came the final procession to the area in front of the South
Building, where the benches used by the class under the Old
Poplar were piled and burnt to the music of shouts and yells
and singing.
At noon of Tuesday the Alumni Address was delivered by
Shepard Bryan, Esq., of the Class of 1891. Son of ex-Judge
Henry R. Bryan, of the Class of 1856, and grandson of Hon.
John H. Bryan, of the Class of 181 5, a prosperous lawyer of
Atlanta, Georgia, he was one of the best in his class and an
Instructor in the University. His address was able and elo-
quent. It was full of love of his Alma Mater.
His peroration was of peculiar eloquence. "Anchored some
fourteen miles at sea off Hatteras is a lightship. In storm and
sunshine, in fair weather and foul, by day and by night, ever
faithful, this ship warns the mariner of the dangerous sands
of Hatteras, guides him between the hungry shoals on the
land side and the gulf stream seaward, and tells him of
anxious hearts safe in the security of shore and home, who
watch and pray for his safety. The University is a lightship
to the State. Let it warn the people of North Carolina of the
folly of ignorance. Let it guide them into the channel of wis-
dom and knowledge. Let it shine like Hatteras light, to show
654 History of University of North Carolina.
the youth of the State that there are willing hands and loving
hearts waiting to help them upward and onward in the race
of life."
At the conclusion of Mr. Bryan's address the alumni re-
paired to Commons Hall for luncheon. The attendance was
large and enthusiastic. The President of the Association,
Col. Thomas S. Kenan, welcomed all with his usual hearti-
ness and brevity. President Yenable gave an oral gratifying
report of the condition and prospects of the University. Hon.
Fabius H. Busbee, '68, was called to the toastmaster's chair
and called out speakers with pleasing humor. Judge R. B.
Albertson '81, now of Seattle, Mr. W. B. Love '06, Hon.
Richard H. Battle '54, Major John W. Graham '57, Mr.
George Stephens '96, President Charles D. Mclver '81, and
Mr. J. C. B. Ehringhaus '01, all responded with fervid words
of love for the benignant Mother. Hon. H. A. London, the
Secretary, was charged with the reception of subscriptions
necessary to complete the $50,000 needed to secure the con-
ditional gift of Mr. Andrew Carnegie of like amount for a
Library building.
The classes of 1881, 1891, 1896, and 1901 held reunions
during the day. The proceedings were not in public.
At 7 130 came the banquet given by the two societies. It was
attended by about two hundred and fifty guests. John A.
Parker was toastmaster. T. W. Simmons and W. S. O'B.
Robinson responded to toasts as Phi representatives, and V. L.
Stephenson and A. C. Dalton spoke for the Di's. A visitor said,
"Those students make far better speeches than one hears made
by men of distinction at similar gatherings in our larger cities."
Ex-Senator Marion Butler, 95, specially invited by the two
societies, made the address of the evening. It was eminently
strong and practical. He quoted from his graduation speech
twenty-one years ago, entitled "Victories of Peace," as being
in the nature of a prophecy. The triumphs of industry are
even greater than he predicted. In 1885 we had in North
Carolina sixty cotton mills with 150,000 spindles and less than
$4,000,000 capital ; now two hundred and forty-three mills
with 2,465,000 spindles, with a capital of $33,000,000. In 1885
Commencement of 1906. 655
the total capital in all manufactures was less than $20,000,000,
now $141,000,000. This capital turns out $142,000,000 an-
nually. Many more examples were given of the progress of
our Southern country in prosperity. The orator closed with
some excellent advice to the students, especially those about
to graduate. Senator Butler is a strong and earnest speaker.
The debate at night by representatives of the two societies
was by Roby Council Day and Stahle Linn, Dialectics, and
John Brame Palmer and Edwin McKoy Highsmith, Philan-
thropies. The subject debated was: "Barring constitutional
objection, Resolved, that Congress should impose a Progres-
sive Income Tax." The judges decided in favor of the Dia-
lectics and gave the Bingham Medal to Mr. Day. Ex-Presi-
dent Battle presided and Mr. S. R. Logan was secretary.
The Commencement Day was on Wednesday, June 5. The
procession marched from Alumni Hall to Memorial Hall.
The chosen Senior speakers were Walter Bennett Love, who
spoke on "Individuality in American Life," Perry Edgar
Seagle on "The Principles and Responsibilities of Scholar-
ship in the South," Barrie Bascom Blackwelder on "The
South as a Field for Romance," Walter Raleigh Jones on
"The Forces That Make American Citizenship."
The Commencement Address was delivered by President
Francis Preston Venable, Ph.D., D.Sc, LL.D., in the absence
of Governor Robert Broadnax Glenn, detained by sickness.
His subject was "The Responsibility of the College-bred Man."
"The audience appreciated it heartily," was the verdict of the
reporter.
The Degrees in Course were then conferred :
Bachelors of Arts ( A.B.) 26
Bachelors of Philosophy (Ph.B.) 8
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) 6
Bachelors of Law (B.L.) 7
Graduates in Pharmacy (Ph.G.) 2
Masters of Arts (A.M.) 4
Master of Science (M.S.) 1
Total (for names see Appendix) 54
656 History of University of North Carolina.
Medals, Prizes, and Fellowships:
The Holt Medal — C. H. Keel.
The Harris Prize — J. D. Schonwald.
The Greek Prize — P. J. Haley.
The Worth Prize — A. C. Dalton.
The Early English Text Society Prize — H. H. Hughes.
The Thomas Hume Prize — R. M. Brown.
The International Medal — J. W. Haynes.
The Henry R. Bryan Prize — H. H. Philips.
The Toch Fellowship in Chemistry — F. P. Drane.
The Sutherland Fellowship in Chemistry — J. E. Pogue, Jr.
The W. J. Bryan Prize — J. J. Parker.
The Hunter Lee Harris Prize — P. H. Royster.
The Bingham Prize — Roby C. Day.
The Mangum Medal— W. R. Jones.
Certificates :
Chemistry — R. T. Allen, F. P. Drane, S. Jordan, J. E. Pogue, Jr. .
English— R. M. Brown, J. B. Goslen, W. L. Mann, B. E. Wash-
burn.
French— E. L. Cole, W. L. Grimes, O. L. Hardin, T. H. Hay-
wood, S. Linn, H. W. McCain, L. W. Parker, J. D. Pem-
berton, J. M. Robinson, B. F. Royal, J. W. Winborne, J. G.
Wood, Jr.
Geology— H. W. McCain, B. F. Royal.
German — E. E. Connor, C. C. Loughlin.
Greek — T. W. Dickson, J. W. Parker.
History — R. M. Brown.
Latin — J. B. Palmer.
Mathematics — C. H. Keel, W. T. McGowan.
Pedagogy — P. E. Seagle.
Zoology — W. L. Grimes, W. H. Kibler, S. T. Nicholson.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) was
conferred on William Louis Poteat, President of Wake
Forest College, and on Henry Lewis Smith, President of
Davidson College. Dr. C. Alphonso Smith was the spokes-
man in both cases.
The Marshals, Charles L. Weill, chief, and L. W. Parker,
Thomas O'Berry, William A. Houck, E. M. Highsmith, James
H. D'Alemberte, assistants, lacked nothing in efficiency.
Meeting of Trustees, June, 1906.
At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees the Visiting
Committee, viz., Messrs. John W. Fries, Henry A. London,
Meeting of Board of Trustees, 1906. 657
and Bennehan Cameron, made their report. They sustained
the President in his estimates, that owing to the increase in
the number of students $2,000 a year additional income would
be needed, and also sustained his recommendations as to new
buildings. The Committee urged the immediate building of
an Infirmary worthy of the institution.
The Visiting Committee finds the conduct of the students
very good. As an indication of this the following is perti-
nent: In 1902 the damages to the rooms chargeable to the
inmates was $570; in 1905, $347; in 1906, $220 only.
What was known as the old Hotel, at one time the Eagle
Hotel, and lately Chapel Hill Hotel, and now University
Inn, came into market. It was thought best to buy it, for
$19,700, because it is needed for dormitories and because it
lies so near the University buildings. The property consists
of two acres and at the sale in 1792 brought $200 for the land
without buildings.
The President's Report to the Trustees was as usual full
of interest. One Trustee had died, Charles Price, whose pluck
and legal learning had saved for the University its invest-
ments in Stanly and Wilkes County bonds. Dr. R. H. White-
head, the efficient head of the Medical Department since 1890,
left us for the University of Virginia. The Medical Depart-
ment was reorganized and enlarged, Dr. Isaac H. Manning
being made Dean and Professor of Physiology. Dr. Charles
S. Mangum was Professor of Anatomy and Dr. W. DeB.
MacXider Professor of Pharmacology and Bacteriology. Dr.
H. V. Wilson had charge at present of Histology but another
Professor was needed. Dr. L. B. Newell was Demonstrator
of Anatomy. Several assistants had been added.
Dr. Charles H. Herty was Professor of General Chemistry
and Director of the Laboratory. The Associate Professor,
Dr. James E. Mills, had a year's leave of absence for study in
Europe.
Professor Nathan W. Walker had taken up the duties of
the Chair of Secondary Education, to which he was elected.
So far his chief work has been visiting the high schools and
42
658 History of University of North Carolina.
studying their conditions. Mr. T. F. Hickerson was Instruc-
tor in Mathematics in place of Mr. M. H. Stacy, who was
granted a year's absence to take certain courses at Cornell
University. Mr. Frank McLean was appointed Instructor in
English.
It was necessary to enlarge the corps of teachers. For ex-
ample the class in Freshman Mathematics had one hundred
and eighty-five members. It should have five Instructors, but
only three were available. There should be five additional
Assistants, six Instructors and six full and associate Pro-
fessors.
Out of the $50,000 granted by the General Assembly for the
purpose $45,000 had been used for the new Chemical Build-
ing, which can accommodate three times as many students as
the old. The residue, $5,000, will be used in fitting up the old
Chemical Building (Person Hall) for the Medical Depart-
ment and changing the New East Building for the Depart-
ment of Biology.
One month after the opening of the session there were
twenty-six graduate students, fifty-two Seniors, sixty-seven
Juniors, one hundred and eleven Sophomores, and one hun-
dred and seventy-nine Freshmen, in all six hundred and fifty-
two. Of these there were four hundred and thirty-five Aca-
demics, one hundred and two Law students, ninety-three Medi-
cal, thirty-six Pharmacists. Ninety-two per cent are from our
State. South Carolina sends fifteen, Virginia twelve, Florida
seven, New York four, Tennessee three, Pennsylvania two,
New Jersey two, and Montana, South Dakota, and Texas one
each, in all fifty, as against forty-six in the preceding year.
The counties most numerously represented were Orange
thirty-five, Mecklenburg thirty, Wake twenty-eight, Guilford
twenty-three, Edgecombe nineteen, Forsyth sixteen, Wayne
fifteen, Alamance fourteen, New Hanover thirteen, Anson
eleven, Rowan eleven, Sampson eleven, Cumberland ten, Dur-
ham ten. Those having less than ten are not given.
In regard to religious affiliations there are two hundred
and thirteen Methodists, one hundred and thirty-six Baptists,
one hundred and thirteen Presbyterians, ninety-two Episco-
Gifts to the University in 1906. 659
palians, thirteen Christians (Campbellites), seven Lutherans,
seven Roman Catholics, six Moravians, six Disciples, six
German Reformed, three Friends, three Hebrews, one Con-
gregationalism and one Dutch Reformed.
Seventy students out of every one hundred are church mem-
bers, that is four hundred and fifty-six out of the six hundred
and fifty-two.
The average age of the Freshmen on entrance was nineteen
years five months and seven days, higher than for three years
past, but about the same as in 1901-02.
There is a striking change in the classification of the insti-
tutions which sent the one hundred and seventy-nine Fresh-
men. The colleges sent twelve per cent, the public graded
schools thirty per cent, whereas in 1894 it was twenty-one per
cent. Only fifty-eight per cent came from private schools as
against seventy-one per cent last year. This statement indi-
cates that the public schools are extending their instruction.
Counting all, eighty-five schools are represented and ten col-
leges.
Of applicants for entrance thirty-six out of one hundred
failed on Mathematics and were conditioned, six per cent in
History, forty-two per cent in English, sixty-one per cent in
Latin, thirty per cent in Greek.
The gifts to the University for the year are : From W. G.
Peckham, of Xew York City $50 annual prize, to be called
in honor of Dr. Thomas Hume, for best work in old English
Ballads, or Shakespeare or Milton. Shepard Bryan, Esq.,
1891, of Atlanta, Georgia, has established a $25 annual prize
for the best thesis by a candidate for the degree of Bachelor
of Laws (LL.B.). The Alumni Associations of Guilford and
Wake counties a scholarship to a deserving student from
those counties. Mr. Maximilian Toch, of New York, a fel-
lowship in Chemistry, $100 annually for research work.
The University is not responsible financially for the man-
agement of the Commons, but a committee of the Faculty
supervises its operations. The chairman, Professor W. D.
Toy, has managed it with wisdom and success. There is a
student treasurer and paid matron. Students are employed
660 History of University of North Carolina.
as waiters, free board being thus obtained by some twenty-five
young men. The numbers during the past year have aver-
aged one hundred and sixty, but two hundred could be ac-
commodated. The charges for board have been eight dol-
lars per month. Surplus receipts are used for improvement
in the food or adding to the equipment.
The total income of the University, exclusive of gifts for
special purposes and special appropriations, was $104,121.33.
The total expenditures $108,621.96, leaving a deficit of
$4,500.63.
University Day, 1906.
University Day, October 12th, was celebrated with unusual
dignity. The music was furnished by the University Orches-
tra. Prayer was offered by Rev. LeRoy Gresham of the Pres-
byterian Church. Then came the University hymn ; then
the report of President Yenable on the year's work. The
song "Hail to U. N. C." followed, after which there were
short addresses. Then was sung "The Song of the Old
Alumnus."
President Venable read a short report prepared for the oc-
casion, copies of which were sent to all the Alumni Associa-
tions. It contained interesting items about the University's
progress during the past year. The new Chemical Labora-
tory has been completed and the department expanded to its
proper bounds. The Medical Department is housed in Person
Hall and its additions, containing laboratories in pathology,
bacteriology, physiology, etc. In the New East Building the
Botanical Laboratorv has been enlarged. The $50,000 endow-
ment for the new Library has been raised and the Carnegie
subscription of $50,000 paid. The John Calvin McNair
fund has become available by the sale of the plantation
bequeathed by him, nearly $15,000 for annual lectureships.
The Thomas D. Martin bequest of about $7,500 has been re-
ceived, a new loan fund. Three scholarships have been estab-
lished. The Kenneth Murchison, by James Sprunt, the Wake
County and Guilford County Scholarships by the alumni of
those counties. Five new professors, besides instructors and
University Day, 1906. 661
assistants, have been employed. The session has been one of
the best in the history of the University for attention to duty,
and the present Seniors are unusually free from conditions.
It is pleasant to recall that a son of a grandson of Hinton
James,, the first student in 1795, has just entered the Univer-
sity. Four years ago Charles M. Byrnes, a son of a grand-
daughter of Judge David Ker, the first Professor in 1795,
graduated with honor from the institution which his ancestor
inaugurated.
General Julian S. Carr followed Dr. Venable with a most
interesting address, modestly stating that the birthday of the
University is also his own. In glowing language he called on
the State to support the institution more generously.
Dr. C. Alphonso Smith followed. He gave a word picture
of the early Trustees under the Old Poplar, when they lo-
cated the University. Without the aid of precedent or proto-
type they set themselves to build upon this Campus a seat of
learning that should guide the impulses, temper the spirit,
and conserve the institution of a democratic society. With
prophetic intuition they foresaw that democracy and educa-
tion are one and inseparable.
Mr. E. S. W. Dameron, '04, now a member of the Law
Class, spoke for the student body — a capital speech. The
spirit of it is found in the following words : "To us this
occasion is indeed an inspiration. It gives expression and
stimulus to ideals, feelings and impulses, which animate and
actuate us not only on the 12th of October, but throughout
every day of the year. In classroom and in dormitory, on
campus and athletic field, this spirit is ever with us, inciting
us to our highest endeavors, restraining us in the hour of
temptation and trial, and beckoning us ever onward and up-
ward towards the University's ideal of the educated Christian
gentleman.
After Mr. Dameron's address greetings were presented by
John Sprunt Hill, Esq., '89, from the Durham Association
and Col. Wescott Roberson, '96, from that at High Point.
They were followed by Dr. Edwin A. Alderman, '82, as the
reporter hath it, "with the wise eloquence which marks him
662 History of University of North Carolina.
as the leading academic orator of the United States." When he
finished, the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.)
was conferred upon him, ad cundem. He already had the
like degree from Tulane, Johns Hopkins, and Yale Universi-
ties. The ceremony was accompanied with most appropriate
words of commendation by Dr. C. Alphonso Smith.
Greetings by telegraph and mail came from many alumni
and associations. The oldest alumnus, Col. Richard Benbury
Creecy, wrote "I am admonished by failing sight and other
infirmities of age that it is not safe for me to make visits in
untrodden paths. Please present kind greetings to my brethren
and ask them to remember in their festivities the dear old
Class of '35. It was a small class but it was as gallant and
genial as ever trod the Campus." Colonel Creecy lived only
ten days longer, dying on the 22d, at the age of ninety-four.
He was called by some "the Nestor of North Carolina journal-
ism." His newspaper, The Economist, was a model of truth-
fulness and sanity. He was a gentleman of the old school,
the advocate of education and of all measures tending to pro-
mote the advancement of the State, the author of many mono-
graphs elucidating our early history. At a banquet in his honor
in Elizabeth City not long before his death, he said, "My life
has had its enmities ; its friendships. But its friendships have
been written in marble ; its enmities in dust."
Faculty Changes, igoG-'oy.
From the report of President Venable to the Trustees in
December, 1906, we get the following information. His re-
ports are uncommonly exhaustive and able.
Joseph Gregoire de Roulhac Hamilton, a graduate of the
University of the South and a Doctor of Philosophy of Co-
lumbia University, was made Associate Professor of History.
Dr. David H. Dolley, a graduate of Randolph-Macon College
and of Johns Hopkins University, and Assistant Pathologist
at Western Reserve University, was elected Professor of
Pathology and Histology in the Medical Department. The
duties of the deanship requiring that Dr. Alexander should
M. H. Stacy
L. R. Wilson
C. H. Herty
W. de B. MacNideb
G. M. McKie
,,
G. B. Viles
H. W. Chase
Medical School Commencement, 1907. 663
be relieved of part of his professorial duties, Mr. William
S. Bernard was made Associate Professor in Greek. Dr.
J. E. Mills, Associate Professor in Physical Chemistry, and
Mr. M. H. Stacy, Associate Professor of Engineering, have
returned after their year's absence. Dr. G. R. Berkeley
(University North Carolina 1903 and Jefferson Medical Col-
lege 1906) succeeds Dr. L. B. Newell as Demonstrator of
Anatomy. Mr. J. I. Eldridge (A.B., Harvard) was ap-
pointed Instructor in Romance Languages. Dr. C. S. Man-
gum, Dr. W. DeB. MacNider, Dr. H. V. Wilson, and Pro-
fessor W. S. Bernard spent a portion of the summer in special
study at the University of Chicago. The University is co-
operating with the United States Government in the Soil Sur-
vey, Bureau of Forestry, and Geological Survey. During the
absence of Professor Gore, by leave, on account of his health,
his place was acceptably filled by Professor Gustavus C. Craw-
ford, A.M., Harvard. Dr. R. B. Lawson had charge of the
instruction in the Gymnasium and Mr. Charles D. Wardlaw
was his assistant.
The graduating exercises of the Medical School in 1907
were held in Gerrard Hall on May 9. Dr. George W. Long,
of Graham, an ex-president of the State Medical Society, de-
livered the address. The graduates, presented by Dean H. A.
Royster, were : Julius Jackson Barefoot, Henry Blount Best,
John Atkinson Ferrell, Emmett Wightman Gibbs, Robert
Primrose Noble, Wilbur Calhoun Rice, Ivey Alphonso Ward,,
Alert Gideon Woodard, William Tilson Woodward.
One Hundred and Twelfth Annual Commencement.
June 4, 1907.
The Young Men's Christian Association began the exer-
cises on Friday evening, May 31st, with an enjoyable banquet
in their new building.
On Class Day at 9 130 a. m. the Seniors formed in front of
Memorial Hall and marched to Chapel for Prayers. At 10 :30
a. m. there were Class Exercises in Chapel. First came the
President's address by John Johnston Parker, on "The Mis-
664 History of University of North Carolina.
sion and Duty of the Educated Man." This was followed
by the Class History by William Henry Duls. Then came the
Class Prophecy by Oscar V. Hicks. After this was the reading
of the Last Will and Testament by Ouincy S. Mills, and then
the presentation of the class gift by W. S. O'Brien Robin-
son, Jr. At 5 130 p. m. the Seniors formed at the well and
marched to the Davie Poplar for the closing exercises. The
Statistician's report was made by T. Holt Haywood, succeeded
by smoking the Peace Pipe, and "ye old class songs" by the
class. Then came the final procession to the funeral pyre —
the burning of the discarded benches, which the class had
used for their meetings.
In the afternoon of Saturday the corner stone of the new
Library was laid by the Grand Lodge of Masons of North
Carolina, led by the Worshipful Grand Master, Lieutenant-
Governor Francis D. Winston, of the Class of 1879. His ad-
dress was most appropriate, in parts eloquent. Among other
things he said :
Andrew Carnegie came from the land of John Knox. * * * No
land ever illustrated more gloriously the power of education. Its
people have conquered a bleak climate, a barren soil, a savage coast.
* * * In her universities have been born the ideas that have
changed the destiny of man and will shape civilization for centuries.
* * * From this land came Andrew Carnegie, a Scotch lad, to
build a colossal fortune and to disburse it himself for the benefit of
his fellows. The Grand Lodge of North Carolina is no stranger to
the history of this great University. One hundred and fourteen
years ago, amid primeval forests, sweet gums and maples, golden-
hued in the autumn sun, our Grand Lodge laid the foundation of
yonder building, and marked the rise of this institution, which has
been the most potent force in North Carolina civilization.
As indicating the interest of Masonry in education Governor
Winston stated that more than half of the Grand Masters
of the State have been Trustees of the University. Governor
Davie was such an active Trustee that he was called the
"Father of the University" by the Board of Trustees.
Governor Winston was assisted in the ceremonies by the
Senior class, who rendered college songs, and by Deputy Grand
.Master M. C. S. Noble, Senior Grand Wrarden Dr. Eric A.
Commencement of 1907. 665
Abernethy, and Junior Grand Warden Dr. R. O. E. Davis, of
the Chapel Hill lodge.
The annual joint banquet of the two literary societies was
held in Commons Hall in the evening, about twenty-five
alumni being present. Air. Stahle Linn '07 presided. Addresses
were made by T. W. Andrews '07, Di, E. L. Stewart '08, Phi ;
also by E. D. Broadhurst, Senator Lee S. Overman and others.
After the banquet anniversary meetings were held in the
two society halls, not open to the public.
The Baccalaureate Sermon of 1907 was preached on Sun-
day, June 2d, by tbe Right Reverend Eugene Russell Hen-
drix, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
South. It was in Memorial Hall on account of the large con-
gregation. His subject was "Men of Ideas and Men of
Ideals." The text was II Cor. iv:i3. "While we look not
at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not
seen ; for the things which are seen are temporal, but the
things which are not seen are eternal." The Bishop used no
manuscript. It was a great discourse.
Before the Young Men's Christian Association at night the
preacher was Rev. Claytor S. Cooper, of New York City. It
was a thoughtful and cogent discourse on the "College Man's
Opportunity." The text was Mark xiv:4i, 42. At the con-
clusion of the sermon the new building of the Young Men's
Christian Association was formally dedicated. Prof. J. W.
Gore, on behalf of the Building Committee, made the address
of presentation. Dr. R. H. Lewis, on behalf of the Board of
Trustees, accepted the building. Rev. Mr. Cooper spoke of the
full meaning of the National College Movement, of which
the erection of the building is only an example.
The Alumni Address on the next day was by Hon. Charles
Manly Stedman, of '61, a Major in the Confederate Army,
soon to be Lieutenant-Governor and then Representative in
Congress. It was eloquent, full of feeling for his Alma Mater
and his alumni associates. I give a few sentences :
The memories of our college days ever come back laden with
fragrance and delight. They are the chimes that bring melody in
666 History of University of North Carolina.
all the years which follow, and as they linger with us their echo of
long ago is soft and low and sweet. Hew delightful to recall the
association of those years of happiness and joy! Yet to one separ-
ated from them by the lapse of nearly half a century, there comes
with the memory of them a sad pathos, which is the music of the
vesper hymn.
The speaker then announced his subject: "What Constitutes Gen-
uine Success?" 1st. Follow duty. 2. Avoid scrambling for wealth.
3. He gave illustrations of those who have renown and genuine
success — the great men of history. He paid special tribute to
Major John T. Jones, '61, of the Twenty-sixth North Carolina Regi-
ment, who lost his life at the Battle of the Wilderness, his last
moments like those of Wolfe at Quebec, and to the gallant Thomas
C. Holliday, '61, one of our ablest students.
Major Stedman rapidly reviewed the careers of Nelson, Marl-
borough, Napoleon, and dwelt with enthusiastic admiration on Lee
and Stonewall Jackson. He then discussed the grounds of the
greatness of our country and said, "Great and wonderful as are
its natural resources, its chiefest glory will not be discovered in
them. It will be found in the Constitution of our common country
and its legal institutions, which maintain and enforce justice for all
with no discrimination, and which give equal chance to each in
the battle of life."
Reunion exercises of certain classes next followed. The
President of the Association, Col. Thomas S. Kenan, stated
that fifteen members of the Class of 1857 were still living. Of
these seven were present at the reunion, Col. Robert Bing-
ham, Hon. B. F. Grady, late Representative in Congress,
Major John W. Graham, Dr. Joseph Graham, Col. Thomas
S. Kenan, Rev. John H. Tillinghast, and Nathan B. Whit-
field. Colonel Bingham was introduced as the youngest sur-
vivor, whose grandfather was a Professor in the University
and whose father was an honored student — three generations
of the Binghams having trained students for the University.
His son Robert, Mayor of Louisville, Kentucky, and his
grandson of the same name, were also present.
The Class of 1882 was next in order. The members present
were S. C. Bellamy, J. W. Jackson, David S. Kennedy, Rev.
F. N. Skinner, Dr. George W. Whitsett, Prof. H. Horace
Williams, Charles W. Worth. Mr. Worth as President made
a brief address and was followed by Rev. F. N. Skinner, who
read a history of the class since leaving: the University.
Class Reunions in 1907. 667
The members of the Class of 1897 who were present at the
reunion were John H. Andrews, W. W. Boddie, W. D. Car-
michael, W. A. Crinkley, A. H. Edgerton, R. S. Fletcher, I.
N. Howard, J. D. Lentz, J. A. Long, Donald Mclver, W. H.
McNairy, S. Brown Shepherd, R. V. Whitener, Lionel Weil,
J. S. Wray. Mr. Carmichael read his report as Historian.
Members of the class are scattered widely and doing well.
Nine of the class are engaged in education. After the re-
port was prepared, Eatman, a noble fellow, lost his life by
drowning in Granville County. Lentz died in the midst of his
usefulness in Concord. These men were of exceptional merit.
The Class of 1902 had the largest number present, viz.:
Nineteen of the graduates, M. H. Stacy, R. S. Hutchison, C.
E. Maddry, F. A. L. Reid, G. G. Stephens, Tod R. Brem,
Louis Graves, A. C. Kerley, J. H. Mclver, I. F. Lewis, Guy
V. Roberts, J. A. Ferrell, C. O. Abernethy, J. S. Henderson,
Jr., B. S. Drane, E. D. Sallenger, J. B. Cheshire, Jr., H. M.
Robins, R. A. Merritt. Mr. M. H. Stacy resigning the Presi-
dency of the class, Mr. Robert S. Hutchison was substituted.
Mr. R. A. Merritt was elected Secretary and Treasurer.
Arrangements were made to issue annually a bulletin contain-
ing the addresses and occupation of each member of the class.
More than three hundred and fifty were present at the
alumni luncheon in Commons Hall. Mr. Walter Murphy,
'89, was toastmaster. Brief addresses were made by Governor
Glenn, ex-Governor Ay cock, State Auditor B. F. Dixon, Judge
B. B. Winborne, Congressman W. W. Kitchin, George G.
Stephens, General Carl Woodruff, of the United States Army ;
Ed Chambers Smith, Esq., Dr. V. E. Turner, Mr. J. J. Parker,
and President Venable.
The Annual Debate between the representatives of the two
societies was held after nightfall. The Dialectic debaters were
Patrick Murphy Williams and Thomas Levy Simmons ; the
Philanthropies were Oscar Ripley Rand, Jr., and John Wil-
liam Hester. The judges awarded the Bingham Prize to Mr.
Rand. The subject of debate was, "Barring Constitutional
objections, Resolved, that Congress should impose a Progres-
sive Income Tax."
History of University of North Carolina.
After the debate the reception by the President and Faculty
was held in the new building of the Young Men's Christian
Association. The rooms were filled to their utmost capacity.
Tuesday, June 4th, at 10:15, the academic procession formed
in front of Alumni Hall and marched to Memorial Hall for
the final exercises of Commencement. Prayer was offered
by Rev. F. N. Skinner of '82. Orations were delivered by
four members of the graduating class, in competition for the
Mangum Medal.
Roby Council Day, "The University Man and His Mission."
Edwin McKoy Highsmith, "The Southern Ideal of Citizen-
ship."
Stuart Grayson Noble, "The Determining Force of Modern
Education."
John Johnston Parker, "A New Unfolding of Human
Power."
The judges awarded the medal to Mr. Parker.
President Yenable announced the resignations of Professors
Kemp P. Battle and Thomas Hume, both of whom had been
placed on the Carnegie Foundation, saying, "I can not report
the resignation of these two honored Professors without some
expression of the great debt which the University owes them
for their distinguished services. They have borne a splendid
part in its upbuilding, and have earned the years of rest and
leisure for congenial labor which lie before them. These come
to them now through a noble philanthropy. The pain of part-
ing with them as active colleagues is borne upon me in this
hour. To you especially, my beloved President, for you are
my President still, I turn with deep, affectionate reverence.
Through these years your kindness has been that of a father,
and in no hour has your wise help and counsel failed me. May
the years deal gently with you, and may you long be spared
as our counselor and friend."
The President then announced appointments as follows :
James Finch Royster to be Associate Professor of English.
He is an A.B. of Wake Forest, 1900; student at the University
of Chicago two years, in Berlin one year ; Professor of Eng-
Additions to Faculty in 1907. 669
lish at the University of Colorado ; Ph.D. of the University of
Chicago, and assistant in English there two years.
Henry McGilbert Wagstaff to be Associate Professor of
History. An A.B. of University of North Carolina, 1899, he
was then teacher for three years ; Fellow in History and Ph.D.
of Johns Hopkins University; Acting Professor of History
in Allegheny College.
Palmer Cobb to be Associate Professor of German. He
graduated at the University in 1901 and was then Instructor
in French and German ; A.M. and Ph.D. of Columbia Uni-
versity ; studied two years in Germany ; Instructor in German
in the College of the City of New York. Mr. Cobb's brilliant
career was cut short by death in 19 10.
Mr. George M. McKie, of the Department of Public Speak-
ing and English, was granted a year's leave of absence, Mr.
Irvin L. Potter filling his place.
The following nominations of Assistants, Instructors and
Fellows were approved by the Board of Trustees : Latin, L.
W. Parker, Instructor; Greek, J. J. Parker, Fellow; English,
W. F." Bryan, J. M. Grainger, H. H. Hughes. Instructors;
Mathematics, W. H. Duls, Instructor ; W. T. McGowan, As-
sistant ; Physics, J. H. McLain, Instructor ; P. H. Royster,
Fellow ; Chemistry, S. Jordan, R. B. Hardison, John O. Jack-
son, W. C. Woodard, Jr., Assistants; Zoology, L. H. Webb,
C. F. Kirkpatrick, Assistants ; Geology, H. X. Eaton, In-
structor; Hubert Hill, Assistant; Assistant Librarian, Miss N.
Strudwick; Library, B. E. Washburn.
The Commencement Address was then delivered by Andrew
Fleming West, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D., Dean of the Graduate
School of Princeton. His subject, most ably unfolded, was
"Of What Use is a College Education?" It was of such value
that it was published in full.
The degree of Bachelor of Arts was then conferred on
forty-seven graduates ; that of Bachelor of Philosophy on
ten ; that of Bachelor of Science on eight ; that of Bachelor
of Law on two ; that of Graduate in Pharmacy on five. Four
were granted the degree of Master of Arts, three that of
670 History of University of North Carolina.
Master of Science, and one that of Doctor of Philosophy. The
names of all recipients of degrees are given in the Appendix.
Medals, Prizes, and Fellowships:
The Holt Medal — J. W. Speas.
The Harris Prize — R. E. Summer.
The Greek Prize— K. D. Battle.
The Worth Prize — W. A. Jenkins.
The Early English Text Society Prize — Frank McLean.
The Thomas Hume Prize — H. H. Hughes.
The Kerr Prize — J. E. Pogue, Jr.
The Bradham Prize — R. E. Kibler.
The Henry R. Bryan Prize — B. H. Perry.
The Toch Fellowship in Chemistry — F. B. Stem.
The Sutherland Fellowship in Chemistry — G. F. Leonard.
The W. J. Bryan Prize— R. C. Day.
The Prizes in Pedagogy — G. F. Leonard, J. L. Hatheock.
The Bingham Prize — 0. R. Rand.
The Mangum Medal— J. J. Parker.
Certificates :
Chemistry — D. B. Allen, W. S. Dickson, Hampden Hill, Hu-
bert Hill, W. S. Hunter, G. F. Leonard, F. B. Stem.
Economics — C. V. Cannon.
English — N. R. Claytor, M. G. Morrison, J. H. Vaughan.
French— C. L. Weill.
Geology — E. B. Jeffress, Jr.
German — J. A. Fore, Jr., E. M. Highsmith, P. H. Royster,
W. H. Royster.
Greek — P. H. Royster, W. H. Royster.
Latin — P. H. Royster.
Mathematics — J. M. Porter, J. W. Speas, G. T. Whitley.
Pedagogy — J. L. Hatheock.
Physics — P. H. Royster.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Lazes (LL.D.), was
conferred on Governor Robert Broadnax Glenn and ex-
Governor Charles Brantley Aycock. They were presented by
Prof. C. Alphonso Smith, Ph.D.
The new members of the Phi Beta Kappa were J. W. Speas,
whose marks entitled him to the Presidency, T. W. Andrews,
W. C. Coughenour, W. B. Davis, H. B. Gunter, J. M. Porter,
Marmaduke Robins, P. H. Royster, B. O. Shannon, G. T.
Whitley, and W. E. Yelverton.
Items from the Visiting Committee's Report. 671
The Visiting Committee for this year were F. A. Daniels,
Z. V. Walser, R. B. Red wine.
Rev. Dr. Thomas Hume, Professor of English, having re-
signed his chair in order to accept a Carnegie pension, being
moved thereto by continued indisposition, the Committee certi-
fied to his "large and unselfish service, his great force in the
life of our State, his spiritual ideals, his promotion of the
study of Shakespeare and English Literature in general, his
assistance in the reorganization of the Young Men's Christian
Association, his promotion of the study of the English Bible,
a conspicuous factor in the growth, development, and renown
of the University."
The Committee report, as showing the need of additional
dormitories, that only three hundred out of eight hundred
room in the College buildings. Two-thirds of the sickness is
among those rooming in the village. The Infirmary is very
successful.
The Committee report the Faculty as of eminent worth and
culture. The salaries should be on a higher scale in order to
secure and to keep the best men.
The James Sprunt Historical Monograph for 1907 was
"William Richardson Davie: A Memoir," by J. G. de Roulhac
Hamilton, followed by Letters of Davie with Notes by Kemp
P. Battle.
Mrs. James Sprunt, for the Colonial Dames, offered prizes
of $50 and $25 for the best and next best essay on our Colonial
Period by a student of the LTniversity.
Summer School of 1907.
Prof. Walter D. Toy was Chairman of the Faculty of the
Summer School for Teachers June 17 to July 27, 1907. Ths
Faculty were G. M. McKie, English; J. D. Bruner, French;
W. D. Toy, German ; J. G. deR. Hamilton, History ; George
Howe, Latin; M. H. Stacy, Mathematics; J. E. Latta,
Phvsics, all Professors in the LTniversitv.
672 History of University of North Carolina.
University Day, 1907.
University Day was celebrated appropriately on October 12,
1907. A procession was formed at Alumni Hall and marched
to Memorial Hall where the exercises began at eleven o'clock
a. m. The music was by the University Orchestra. After
prayer and the University Hymn, the Annual Address was by
Rev. Dr. St. Clair McKelway, of Brooklyn, N. Y., a strong
and exhaustive plea for university education. The choir
then sang a great favorite with the students, "Hail to N. C. U."
President Venable made a report, showing the prosperous
condition of the University, and then read telegraphic and
other greetings from various Alumni Associations, followed
by the Song of the old Alumnus and the benediction.
The President's Report for 1907.
President Yenable's report to the Trustees for 1907 states
that "the General Assembly increased its annual appropriation
from $45,000 to $70,000, and granted $50,000 for buildings and
repairs — very generous but not yet sufficient. The enrollment
of students is seven hundred and eighty-five, an increase of
fifty-four students over last year.
"The new Library, begun in October, 1906, received its
furniture in September, 1907. It will cost $70,000 and has a
capacity of about 200,000 volumes, but now having about
50,000 with 25,000 pamphlets. Portraits of six Presidents of
the University and of some of the donors of books have been
hung in it. It is designed to form a memorial gallery of noted
Professors and benefactors of the University. The safety
vault is of inestimable value for security of irreplaceable docu-
ments, and the entire structure is of incalculable usefulness.
"The new Infirmary is now in use. The cost of building
and equipment is about $20,000. It has all the usual modern
accommodations for about twenty patients, including a well
equipped chamber for surgical operations.
"The President's house has been completed at a cost of
about $15,000. It is a handsome building on a commanding
elevation, a worthy residence for the head of the institution.
-0 ' * '^"~j"
Dr. Brown's Home
President's Home
President's Report for 1907. 673
"Expenses have increased. In 1900 those who had scholar-
ships reported that they could live on $150 a year, now it costs
$250. Then those who had no scholarships lived on $250, now
they must spend $350 in round numbers. These changes are
due to increased standards of living. Hence the importance
of enlarging Commons Hall and building dormitories under
control of the Faculty.
"In order to aid the students in defraying their way the
Faculty have a Self-Help Committee, whose duty it is to find
remunerative work for those who are willing to work. While
some do not communicate with the committee, still we have
a fairly accurate approximation of the laudable efforts of
our young men to obtain a University education, about one
hundred and sixty-four earning nearly $20,000. Besides these
amounts earned by labor during the year fifty-six students
borrowed from the Deems and Martin Loan Funds $4,269.60.
"The Law Library, originally founded by the late Dr. John
Manning and called in his honor, has about two thousand
volumes and bids fair to be one of the best law libraries in the
State.
"The Medical Library has made a promising beginning. The
Western Reserve University has, through Dr. Dolley, donated
four hundred and fifty volumes, and the wife of Dr. Thomas
F. Wood, lately deceased, generously contributed about one
thousand volumes out of her husband's library.
"The health of the students is unprecedented. The entire
absence of typhoid fever among so many at the susceptible
age during the most favorable season is as remarkable as it is
gratifying. There has been only one case of serious illness
among seven hundred students — a case of acute appendicitis.
He has been successfully operated upon and has returned to
his duties. Surely such a record speaks strongly of healthy
climatic conditions and rational hygienic regime."
Memorial Service in Honor of Professor Gore.
There was a Memorial Service 011 May 10, 1908, in honor
of Prof. Joshua Walker Gore, Professor of Physics and Dean
of the University, whose death occurred on April 9th.
43
674 History of University of North Carolina.
The program called first for a hymn, "He Leadeth Me."
Rev. J. W. Wildman then read some extracts from the Scrip-
tures, and led in prayer. Dr. F. P. Venable feelingly spoke
of the influence of Professor Gore on the University. He was
followed by a student, W. P. Stacy, taking as his theme "As
the Students Knew Him." Then came music by the Univer-
sity Quartet, after which Prof. M. C. S. Noble discussed Mr.
Gore as a Citizen, followed by Charles E. Maddry, who told
of him as a Christian Alan. The addresses being over a
hymn was sung, "Supreme in Wisdom as in Power," after
which was the benediction.
There was universal grief at the death of Professor Gore.
He was a hightoned Christian gentleman, a patriotic and use-
ful citizen, a learned and progressive professor, a stimulating
instructor. He was a wise counselor, always ready to ad-
vance the interests of the University, whether in bis depart-
ment or out of it, a most agreeable associate and friend. And
his knowledge of the practical details of organization and ad-
ministration was of the utmost value to the President and his
colleagues and to the Trustees, the governing power of the
University. It is an interesting evidence of his benevolence
that he and his devoted wife, daughter of Rev. Dr. J. W. M.
Williams, of Baltimore, spent much time and labor in minister-
ing to the intellectual and spiritual needs of the country parents
and children in the region south of Chapel Hill, he and the
children of Dr. Williams erecting the Williams Memorial
Chapel as a center of influence.
This estimate of Professor Gore is abundantly corroborated
in resolutions of the Faculty, reported by Dr. C. Alphonso
Smith, Dr. Eben Alexander, and Prof. Walter D. Toy, and
by a resolution of the Board of Trustees, reported by Hon.
John W. Graham, chairman of a committee.
Memorial Service in Honor of Mrs. Spencer.
On the 17th of May a service was held in Gerrard Hall in
memory of Mrs. Cornelia Phillips Spencer, daughter of
Rev. Dr. James Phillips, long Professor of Mathematics in the
University. She was born March 20, 1825, one year before
Services in Memory of Mrs. Spencer. 675
her father arrived in Chapel Hill, and with the exception of
a few years of married life spent in Alabama, was a resident
of Chapel Hill until 1894, when she joined her daughter and
son in law in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she lived till
the end on March 11, 1908. She was an ardent lover of the
University and kept it before the public by frequent letters to
the press, narrating portions of its history and composing
odes and hymns, some of which are regularly sung on festival
occasions.
At the service was first sung the hymn written by her for
the reopening of the doors of the institution in September,
1875, to the tune of "Old Hundred," and heretofore printed.
Then followed Scripture reading by Rev. LeRoy Gresham,
followed by introductory remarks by President Venable. Suc-
cessively came Prof. Collier Cobb on "The Woman," and
Prof. W. C. Smith, of the Normal and Industrial College, on
"The Writer." Dr. Kemp P. Battle came next with "Remi-
niscences," and then came the oration of the day by Mr. James
H. Southgate on "Mrs. Spencer's Life and Services."
Mr. Southgate was one of her friends and admirers. His
address was eloquent and appreciative, earnest and from the
heart. He emphatically declared that "No educational institu-
tion of the new world has received from a woman so large a
contribution of enduring wealth as that received by the Uni-
versity of North Carolina from the loving ministry of Cornelia
Phillips Spencer. This single feature of her beautiful life fur-
nishes inspiring material for biographer, historian, poet, and
philosopher." The last thing her dying eyes rested on was a
picture of the Campus and her last spoken utterance referred
to the University, not a message but a reverie, "The University
is prospering evidently. As I resign my interest in it, I leave it
in good hands. Deo gratias."
Dr. Battle gave a sketch of the many activities of Mrs.
Spencer in behalf of the University in its brightest and darkest
hours. He' claimed for her true lyrical talent, to which testify
a number of her poems given in this History. To these may
be added the following closing stanzas of an ode penned for
the anniversary of the laying of the corner stone of the first
676 History of University of North Carolina.
building, the Old East, showing her pride in and love for the
University :
The summer's roses all are gone,
The summer's story's told,
And October's marching on
In crimson and in gold.
The monarch of the dying year,
This day to him we owe,
That brought good will to Chapel Hill
One hundred years ago.
And all along the coming years
That time for us may fill,
Our hearts will burn, whene'er we turn
To thoughts of Chapel Hill.
Still higher may her glory rise,
And prouder may we see
Thy fame exalted to the skies,
Dear University.
Professor Cobb's was an eloquent tribute, founded on long
acquaintance and numberless mutual kindnesses. He dwelt
on her wit and humor, her wide knowledge in literature and
science, her loyalty as a friend, her open-handed charity, her
undoubting piety.
Dr. Alphonso Smith spoke feelingly and earnestly of Mrs.
Spencer's effective work with her pen in the cause of educa-
tion, of history, of wise instruction of the rising generation
of the women of our State in high ideals. In recognition of
her eminent services in this regard a building at the State
Normal and Industrial College has been given her name.
In this year was held the debate between E. O. Schreiber
and James Berry of the University of Georgia, and T. W.
Andrews and W. P. Stacy of this University. The query was,
"Does the Open Shop Subserve the Interests of the Wage
Earning Class?" Georgia had the affirmative. The judges
were President W. L. Poteat and Messrs. E. L. Moffitt and
E. W. Sikes, who decided in favor of the negative. Dr. C.
Alphonso Smith presided and Mr. D. B. Teague was secre-
Medical School Commencement of 1908. 677
tary. The debate drew many encomiums from the large audi-
ence, not only as to the strength of reasoning but the manner
of delivery.
The closing exercises of the Medical School were held in
Gerrard Hall May 21st at 8 p. m. The opening prayer was
by Rev. W. B. Royall. The address to the graduating class
by Dr. George G. Thomas of Wilmington, N. C, President of
the State Board of Health, was very interesting and able. He
gave a noble tribute to Dr. James H. Dickson, who lost his life
fighting yellow fever. The candidates for the. degree of Doctor
of Medicine were presented by Dean Hubert A. Royster and
the degrees were conferred by President Venable, viz. : James
Marion Buckner, William Willis Green, Jr., David Watson
Harris, Evander McNair Mclver, Robert Gray MacPherson,
Julian Decatur Maynard, George Monroe Monk, Austin Flint
Nichols, Everett Joseph Stewart Scofield, Albert Johnson Ter-
rell, John Blois Watson, Samplett Edgar Webb.
In June the examination by the State Board was held
and thirty-one students of the Medical School, including those
who spent only the first two years at Chapel Hill, were suc-
cessful. Only one failed. Two, Drs. Kitchin and Terrell,
tied with a third for the highest grade.
Commencement of 1908.
On Saturday morning, May 30, 1908, at 9:30 o'clock, the
fifty-seven Seniors assembled in Gerrard Hall for religious
service, Rev. Dr. Hume leader. At 10:30 the formal exercises
took place. The President's address was by Oscar Ripley
Rand, grandson of Oscar Ripley Rand, of 1854, Captain C.
S. A. The Class History was by Thomas Wingate Andrews ;
the Prophecy by Herbert Brown Gunter ; the presentation of
the class gift by John W. Hester ; the Last Will and Testament
by Martin Leroy Wright. President Rand, who recently won
the Cecil Rhodes Scholarship in Oxford University in Eng-
land, chose for his theme "Education and Democracy."
In announcing the class gift Mr. Hester stated that each
member of the class agrees to give not less than two dollars
678 History of University of North Carolina.
a year for ten years. These sums will be put out on interest
and the total at the end of ten years will probably be applied
to the erection of a building- chiefly for the use of the two
literary societies.
The History of the class, the burlesque Prophecy of the
probable fate of the members hereafter, and the humorous
Last Will and Testament, gave immense pleasure.
At 5 130 on the greensward, under the tall oaks, surrounded
by gentlemen and ladies, whose brilliantly colored dresses
flashed in the rays of the declining sun, under the historic
Davie Poplar, the class met for the last time. Mr. James A.
Gray, Jr., read the class statistics. Then college songs were
sung, yells were given, the pipe of peace was smoked and the
open air benches were burned. The photographer in waiting
took a picture of the group and the exercises were over.
Eight members of the Junior Class attained membership
in the Phi Beta Kappa Society. F. E. Winslow, who will be
President, Frank P. Graham, who will be Secretary, Kemp D.
Battle, W. L. Long, C. W. Tillett, Jr., J. M. Costner, H. P.
Osborne, David D. Oliver. Mr. Winslow excelled Mr. Graham
by only one-fiftieth of a point.
Reunions were held by the two societies at 7 130 Saturday
evening. They were of a private nature. At 9 130 the joint
annual banquet of the societies was eaten in Commons Hall,
under the presidency of Mr. John W. Hester. Short addresses
were made by Messrs. R. R. Williams and Milo J. Jones, Di,
and T. R. Eagles and D. P. Stern, Phi.
The guest of honor and special orator was Judge Jeter C.
Pritchard of the United States Circuit Court since 1904,
United States Senator 1894-1903. His subject was "The His-
tory of the Judiciary" and his discussion of it was luminous
and convincing.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was preached in Memorial Hall,
the audience being too large for Gerrard Hall. The preacher
was the Right Reverend Thomas F. Gailor, Protestant Episco-
pal Bishop of Tennessee. His text was "Jesus Increased in
Wisdom." The sermon was of extraordinary power.
The sermon before the Youno: Men's Christian Association
m
Reunion of War Classes in 1908. 679
was preached in Gerrard Hall Sunday night by Dr. Egbert
Watson Smith, of the Second Presbyterian Church of Louis-
ville, Kentucky. His text was "Learn of Me," and the dis-
course was worthy of the eminent preacher. Dr. Smith is one
of four distinguished sons of a distinguished father, Rev. Dr.
J. Henry Smith, of Greensboro, who was a frequent visitor
and favorite preacher at Chapel Hill for many years.
On Monday, June 1, the reunion exercises of certain War
Classes began in Gerrard Hall. Prayer was offered by Rev.
Dr. Robert H. Marsh, of 1858. Dr. Venable spoke of the
pleasure of the University in receiving back the classes of the
war period. Rev. Dr. A. D. Hepburn, the only surviving Por-
fessor of 1859, was invited but his health did not permit the
journey from his distant home.
The Class of 1858 was first called. Dr. Marsh, who read
the history of the class, and Francis M. Johnson were alone
present. The class numbered ninety-six. Many were killed
in battle.
The Class of 1859 was then called and Mr. James P. Coffin,
of Arkansas, read its history. He spoke with eloquence and
wit of the incidents connected with the careers of his fellow
students, enlarging on those who had won distinction in civil
and military life.
The Class of i860 had four representatives, Thomas W.
Davis, R. A. Bullock, Algernon S. Barbee, and George W.
Askew, of Mississippi. No memoir of the class had been pre-
pared.
The Class of 1861 had four representatives, Captain Benja-
min M. Collins, Joseph C. Bellamy, William R. Bond, and
Charles H. Barrow. At the request of Mr. Bellamy, the
spokesman, Mr. James P. Coffin read the history of the class
which had been prepared. There were eighty-seven graduates
but only thirty appeared at their Commencement, the rest
having entered the Confederate Army. All had their diplomas.
He claimed that Captain Collins fired the last gun at Appo-
mattox. Bond's "Pickett or Pettigrew" contributed to give
her due honor at Gettysburg to North Carolina. The tribute
to Col. J. T. Jones by Major Stedman was read and met with
680 History of University of North Carolina.
hearty applause. Some of the class have attained distinction
in civil life, for example Major C. M. Stedman, Col. J. Turner
Morehead, and the late Judge Spier Whitaker.
The Class of 1883 was called. It had thirteen graduates
out of forty-two who entered as Freshmen. There was no
representative present.
The history of the Class of 1898 was read by Paul C. Whit-
lock. The Class of 1903 held their exercises at five in the
afternoon.
The Alumni Luncheon was served in Commons Hall after
the reunion exercises. President Venable's welcome was
hearty and well received. Colonel Kenan, President of the
Association, appointed Major W. A. Guthrie toastmaster, in
which position he excelled. The speakers were generally
ante-war students and interestingly indulged in reminiscences
of old days.
At 8:30 the Inter-Society Debate was held in Gerrard Hall.
The query was, "All Interstate Railways should be Incorpo-
rated by the Federal Government." David P. Stern, '02, pre^
sided, and W. W. Michaux was secretary. The Di debaters,
Oliver C. Cox and M. J. Jones, upheld the affirmative. The
Phi debaters upheld the negative, viz., W. M. Gadcly and J.
W. Umstead, Jr. The judges were Messrs. Paul Whitlock,
J. Crawford Biggs, and Dr. J. E. Brooks. They decided in
favor of the negative.
The day ended with the reception to the alumni and visiting
guests by the President and Faculty in the Library, an ideal
place for such functions.
On Tuesday, June 2, Commencement Day, first came the
contest for the Mangum Medal. Messrs. Patrick Murphy Wil-
liams, Thomas Levy Simmons, and Walter Parker Stacy were
selected by the Faculty to deliver addresses. Mr. Williams,
whose subject was "The Function of Law in the Life of the
People," was unable to speak on account of sickness. The sub-
ject of Mr. Simmons was "The Needs of Popular Govern-
ment." That of Mr. Stacy was "American Democracy and its
Third Crisis." The judges decided that Mr. Stacy was the
better speaker.
Commencement of 1908. 681
The resignation of Dr. Kemp Plummer Battle from his pro-
fessorship, accepting a pension on the Carnegie Foundation,
has been mentioned. A long preamble and resolution reciting
his services to the State and to the University, prepared by-
Col. Paul B. Means, chairman of the committee of which
George W. Connor, Lindsay Patterson, and Judge J. S. Man-
ning were the other members, were reported to the Board of
Trustees at their annual meeting in January, and ordered to be
read from the rostrum by Colonel Means at the next Com-
mencement. Similar resolutions were passed by the Faculty
and the societies.
It should be said that the author of the resolutions, Colonel
Means, was an active, intelligent and efficient worker, as
Trustee, legislator and citizen, in giving the new. life to the
University. This was his last public work for the institution
he loved with his whole heart. He left the University to be
an active and fearless cavalry officer in the Confederate Army,
returning to take his degree in the last class of the old Uni-
versity, 1868. In the State Senate and on the stump, in at-
tendance on University exercises and official duties, no one
exceeded him in enthusiasm and zeal for his Alma Mater. I
record with gratitude that he was of intelligent and tireless
assistance to me in my labors for the University, at all times
and on many occasions. He died April 20, 1910.
The orator of the day was Judge Martin Augustus Knapp,
Chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission. He was
presented to the audience by President Venable and delivered
a carefully prepared address on "Transportation.''
The President then announced that the Trustees had ap-
pointed Dr. Charles H. Herty to be Dean of the School of Ap-
plied Science, Associate Professor J. E. Latta to be Professor
of Electrical Engineering, Professor A. H. Patterson to be Pro-
fessor of Physics. The last is a graduate of this University
of 1891, a Master of Arts of Harvard University, and late
Professor of the same department in the University of
Georgia.
Associate Professor Joseph Gregoire de Roulhac Hamilton,
Ph.D., Columbia University, had been appointed Alumni Pro-
682 History of University of North Carolina.
fessor of History; Associate W. C. Coker, Ph.D. Johns Hop-
kins University, Professor of Botany; Associate Professor
Archibald Henderson, Ph.D. University North Carolina, Pro-
fessor of Pure Mathematics; Mr. George M. McKie Associate
Professor of Public Speaking; Mr. W. W. Ashe Lecturer on
Forestry; Dr. R. B. Lawson Associate. Professor of Anatomy.
The Degrees conferred in Course were as follows :
Bachelors of Arts 52
Bachelors of Philosophy 2
Bachelors of Science 3
Bachelors of Laws 3
Graduates in Pharmacy 9
Masters of Arts 5
Masters of Science 4
Total (for names see Appendix) 78
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred,
Dr. C. Alphonso Smith being spokesman, on Rev. St. Clair
Hester, A.B. 1888, rector of the Church of the Messiah in
Brooklyn, and on Rev. Neill McKay Watson, graduate of the
Theological Department of Vanderbilt University, winner of
the Founder's Prize for the highest average.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on
Henry Groves Connor, and Piatt Dickinson Walker, Associate
Justices of the Supreme Court of North Carolina ; on Louis
Lindon Hobbs, President of Guilford College ; and on James
Yadkin Joyner, a graduate of 1881, once Superintendent of the
Graded Schools of Goldsboro, later professor of the English
Language and Literature in the State Normal and Industrial
College, then State Superintendent of Public Instruction, filling
this high office with conspicuous energy, intelligence and suc-
cess.
Medals, Prizes and Fellowships:
The Holt Medal — J. M. Costner.
The Harris Prize — A. B. Holmes.
The Greek Prize — R. A. Urquhart.
The Worth Prize — L. P. Matthews.
The Early English Text Society Prize — Anna H. Lewis.
The Hunter Lee Harris Medal — S. R. Logan.
Commencement of 1908. 683
The Sutherland Fellowship in Chemistry — E. J. Newell.
The Toch Fellowship in Chemistry — L. G. Southard.
The Bradham Prize — R. R. Herring.
The Henry R. Bryan Prize — J. J. Parker.
The W. J. Bryan Prize— J. W. Hester.
The Bingham Prize — J. W. Umstead, Jr.
The Mangum Medal — W. P. Stacy.
Certificates :
French — T. W. Andrews, W. C. C'oughenour, H. B. Gunter,
W. E. Yelverton.
German — W. B. Davis, S. R. Logan, J. W. Speas.
Greek — W. B. Davis.
Latin— W. B. Davis, O. R. Rand, J. W. Speas, B. B. Vinson,
G. T. Whitley.
Pedagogy— E. W. S. Cobb, Z. H. Rose, B. E. Washburn, G. T.
Whitley.
Faculty of the Summer School for Teachers in 1908.
Francis Preston Venable, Ph.D., LL.D., President.
Nathan Wilson Walker, A.B., Director of the Summer School:
Professor of Secondary Education.
Walter Dallam Toy, M.A. : Professor of the Germanic Languages
and Literatures.
George Howe, Ph.D.: Professor of the Latin Language and Lit-
erature.
James Dowden Bruner, Ph.D.: Professor of the Romance Lan-
guages and Literatures.
James Edward Latta, A.M.: Associate Professor of Physics.
Marvin Hendrix Stacy, A.M.: Associate Professor of. Civil Engi-
neering.
Joseph Gregoire deRoulhac Hamilton, Ph.D.: Alumni Professor of
History.
Louis Round Wilson, Ph.D.: Librarian.
James Moses Grainger, A.M.: Instructor in English.
On August 28, 1908, died at Seattle while 011 a journey, Air.
Fabius Haywood Busbee. He graduated with highest honor
in 1868, after seeing service as Second Lieutenant of Junior
Reserves, became an able lawyer, United States District At-
torney, and commanded a large practice, was the author of
Busbee's Criminal Digest. He was a warm friend of the Uni-
versity, a Trustee twenty-five years and during much of that
time member of the Executive Committee, a wise adviser. He
was born March 4, 1848.
684 History of University of North Carolina.
University Day, 1908.
Marshaled according to classes, with the Faculty at their
head, a procession was formed at Alumni Hall and marched
to Memorial Hall. The exercises were opened with prayer
by Rev. Dr. W. H. Meade. Mr. W. H. Grimes of the Law
class, in a very neat and interesting speech, extended the greet-
ings of the University. President Venable then read his re-
port and also a large number of cordial greetings from all
parts of the land. The address of the occasion was then de-
livered by Hon. Elmer E. Brown, United States Commis-
sioner of Education. His subject was "Government by In-
fluence." While government can not be by influence alone,
it is evident that education and science are more and more
aiding right government.
Dr. Venable reported that the Faculty was enlarged from
seventy-eight to ninety-four, the number of students in the
collegiate undergraduate departments reaching five hundred
and thirty-seven, the total being seven hundred and ninety.
The new Infirmary and Library had come into use, as also the
new dissecting hall. At a cost of about $1,000 a new athletic
field had been added and additional tennis courts erected. A
barren part of the Campus was being turned into an arboretum.
A bequest of $500 from Mrs. Margaret Bridgers had been re-
ceived. The new Biological Laboratory had been named after
General (and Governor) William R. Davie.
Various Items for igo8-'og.
Much adverse criticism has been made of the old Trustees
for selling the tier of lots fronting on Franklin Street. To
this there are two answers. The campus was then in thick
woods, there was only one building projected, the Old East,
and its distance from Franklin Street through the dark forest
seemed sufficiently great. Secondly, the propriety of orientali-
zation, or facing Jerusalem, was in those days a favorite notion.
It was intended that the Old East should be the north wing of
a central lamer edifice.
Various Items for icpS-'oc). 685
The Sprunt Monograph this year was on "The Provincial
Council of North Carolina and the Committee of Safety." It
was thoroughly and ably written by Miss Bessie Lewis
Whitaker, a student of the Senior Class.
In January of this year, 1909, the University issued in the
Record Series a High School number, containing suggestions
to teachers written by the professors at the head of the depart-
ments. The suggestions were very wise and can not fail
to be useful. The accredited schools of the State were thirty-
seven in number. Of these schools all were credited with Eng-
lish, Mathematics, History, and Latin, thirty-three with
Physical Geography, nineteen with French, twenty-four with
Physics, ten with Greek, eleven with German, ten with Physi-
ology, eleven with Civics, a small number with Botany, Chem-
istry, Drawing, and Spanish. Eleven had libraries of one
thousand volumes and over, while one had one thousand nine
hundred and forty-three and six had over two thousand.
On January 19, 1909, exercises in honor of the one hun-
dredth birthday of General Robert E. Lee wTere held in Ger-
rard Hall. The music was by the Lmiversity Orchestra.
There was an address by President Yenable explanatory
of the object of the meeting and in most appropriate terms
introducing the orator of the day, President Woodrow Wilson
of Princeton University. The portrayal by Dr. Wilson of the
life and character of our great Southern soldier was worthy
of the theme. "This man was not great because he was born
of a soldier and bred in a school of soldiers, but because, of
whomsoever he may have been born, howsoever he was bred,
he was a man who saw his duty, who conceived it in high
terms, and who spent himself not on his own ambitions, but
in the duty that lay before him. We like to remember all the
splendid family traditions of the Lees, but we like most of all
to remember that this man was greater than all the traditions
of his family."
686 History of University of North Carolina.
Commencement of 1909.
The one hundred and fourteenth Annual Commencement
was begun on Saturday, May 29, 1909. At 9 130 a. m. the
seventy Seniors assembled in Gerrard Hall for their last joint
worship, which was led by Rev. Dr. Thomas Hume. After
a short recess the class exercises began. An excellent address
was made by the President, Mr. Frank Porter Graham, on the
relation of the University to the State. He discussed ably
(1) the relation to the State; (2) the attitude of the Legisla-
ture to the University; (3) misunderstanding of the Univer-
sity on the ground of religion; (4) misunderstanding in re-
gard to athletics; (5) the general spirit of alumni and stu-
dents.
After President Graham's address there were the Class His-
tory by J. W. Umstead, Jr., presentation of gift by C. W. Til-
lett, Jr., Last Will and Testament by F. E. Winslow, and
Class Prophecy by W. L. Long. These speeches were ad-
mirable mixtures of humor and sarcasm, good sense and hard
facts. For example, the Last Will by Mr. Winslow bequeathed
the electric light plant, then inefficient, to the Institution for
the Blind at Raleigh. The gift presented by Mr. Tillett is
the promise of an annual payment by each classmate of such
a sum as will in ten years amount to about $2,000. The mem-
bers of the class then living will determine to what University
purpose it shall be applied.
Then came the Phi Beta Kappa address by Prof. Edwin
Augustus Grosvenor, LL.D., President of the National Phi
Beta Kappa. It was an eloquent and scholarly production,
entitled "The Attitude of the Scholar." "A celebrated college
president recently said on a public occasion, 'Learning is on
the defensive, even among college men.' This is not true. It
is unfortunate. It is discouraging. 'Not with dirges but with
bugle calls and beating drums, are men sent into battle.' " The
speaker expressed the hope that no sons or daughters of this
society will rest content in the contemplation of what they have
already done. "Over it let the spirit of aspiration and rever-
ence and humility continually abide."
Commencement of 1909. 687
The Juniors attaining membership in the Phi Beta Kappa
Society were T. P. Nash, Jr., President, A. H. Wolfe, Secre-
tary, O. W. Hyman, Leon McCulloch, C. S. Yenable, J. AW
Lasley.
The Inter-Society banquet was largely attended. Short,
pointed addresses were made by Messrs. W. H. Swift, R. O.
Everett, W. M. Gaddy and Clifford Frazier, the two latter of
the Senior Class. Mr. Charles W. Tillett was a ready and
witty toastmaster. The guest of honor and special orator
was President W. W. Finley of the Southern Railway. His
subject was "Transportation in its Relation to Southern De-
velopment." He depicted clearly and strongly the immense
resources of the South, the duty of the railroad companies
to increase them by transportation for reasonable prices, and
by improving the railroad running stock and fixed property.
One of these improvements is double tracking, of which the
South has only 1,883 miles, as against 19,420 miles in the
United States.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was delivered Sunday morning
by Rev. Dr. A. C. Dixon, pastor of the Moody Church,
Chicago, when a young man pastor of the Baptist Church of
Chapel Hill. The text was, "Thy commandment is exceeding
broad." The subject was "The Book of Books." If you study
the history of nations, of jurisprudence, of literature and art,
of education, the nature of great modern movements, you
must study the Bible.
On Sunday evening the sermon before the Young Men's
Christian Association was preached by Rev. Theron H. Rice,
D.D., of the Union Theological Seminary (Presbyterian) at
Richmond, Virginia. His text was "As many as received Him
to them He gave the power to become the sons of God." In
the order of nature, regeneration precedes faith, but in the
order of experience faith precedes regeneration. Both are in
every genuine conversion.
The leading feature of Monday morning's exercises, or
Alumni Day, was the address of Hon. Whitehead Kluttz,
History of University of North Carolina.
Speaker pro tern, of the State Senate. He was introduced by
Mr. A. L. Cox. His subject was "The North Carolina Boy of
Today." He handled his subject with rare eloquence.
The meeting was then turned over to the classes scheduled
for reunions. Col. Thos. S. Kenan, President of the Alumni
Association, presided.
The first class to take the platform was that of 1879, of
whom ex-Judge R. W. Winston, Dr. John M. Manning, Judge
James S. Manning, Dr. Kemp P. Battle, Jr., Wra. J. Peele, Esq.,
Dr. Isaac M. Taylor, and Hon. Frank D. Winston were
present. Ex-Lieut. -Gov. Frank D. Winston was spokesman,
with his accustomed humor and liveliness. Mr. Peele's ad-
dress in behalf of the class abounded in numerous pleasantries
about old days. He especially commended Hon. R. H. Battle
and Dr. R. H. Lewis for constant attendance as Trustees. He
chronicled the winning of the Willie P. Mangum Medal by
R. W. Winston, and the fact of Charles D. Mclver, Class of
1 88 1, winning a prize for excellence in Greek.
The next class reunion was that of 1884. Hon. Samuel M.
Gattis was the spokesman. Those present were Prof. James
Lee Love, Messrs. S. M. Gattis, John L. Borden, J. C. Roberts,
M. R. Hamer, Samuel G. Neville, A. J. Harris, and J. B.
Hawes. This was the last class to receive their diplomas in
Gerrard Hall.
Of the Class of 1889 were present John Sprunt Hill and Rev.
Walter M. Curtis.
Of the Class of 1899 were present J. S. Carr, Jr., H. M.
Wagstaff, Henry Meredith, Joel Whitaker, H. M. London,
John R. Hawes, L. R. Wilson, E. D. Patterson, R. D. W.
Connor, R. H. Sykes, and F. M. Osborne. Neither of these
two classes had public exercises.
The Class of 1904 had interesting exercises, the speakers
being A. L. Cox and E. S. W. Dameron. There were nineteen
present.
To the general gratification President Venable announced
that the alumni had presented to the University an oil portrait
of the late Professor J. W. Gore, of blessed memory. It will
be hung in the memorial room of the new Librarv.
Meeting of Alumni, 1909. 689
The Alumni Luncheon given in Commons Hall immediately
after the reunions was the source of much pleasure to all
present. Rev. Francis M. Osborne (1899) invoked the bless-
ing. Hon. Thomas S. Kenan requested ex-Lieut. -Gov. Francis
D. Winston, whose ready humor and intellectual quickness
admirably qualify him for such functions, to act as toastmaster.
The net beneficial result of the banquet was the promise by
the members of the classes present to endow forty-one scholar-
ships, $1,000 each, in the University. President Yenable wel-
comed the homecoming sons.
Judge A. W. Graham, being called for, stated truly that in
all relations he stood forth as the friend and champion of
Chapel Hill. Ex- Judge R. W. Winston was recognized as a
member of the Class of 1879. He fully sympathized in the
efforts to foster a University equal to other, institutions with
their millions of money. Other speakers were James Lee
Love, John Sprunt Hill, H. M. London, E. S. W. Dameron,
Gen. J. S. Carr, W. J. Andrews, J. W. Umstead, R. D. W.
Connor. General Carr paid a glowing tribute to the Con-
federate soldiers of the University, closing with the endowing
of five scholarships to be known as the James Johnston Petti-
grew Scholarships. Mr. E. S. W. Dameron for the Class of
1904 announced the endowment of seven scholarships.
In the course of the banquet President Venable stated that
after an interview with Mr. Buttrick, of the Southern Edu-
cational Board, they had concluded that, under the rules and
restrictions of the Board, it is not best for the University to
receive money from that source. He likewise stated that no
one man could offer a million dollars to this institution and
find acceptance. This gave rise to an animated debate, which
closed by the toastmaster inviting the millionaires present to
try the experiment and he would endeavor to prevent the do-
nation from breaking up the college curriculum. He told
with applause the incident of Rev. Dr. Closs accepting a
twenty-dollar gold piece for missions from a liquor seller, say-
ing it had served the devil long enough, and must now serve
the Lord.
The toastmaster requested one of our alumni, William J.
Andrews, who is also an alumnus of Cornell University, to
44
690 History of University of North Carolina.
make any suggestion which might occur to him tending to ad-
vance the popularity and usefulness of the University. Mr.
Andrews made an enthusiastic speech and advocated the ap-
plication to the General Assembly for permission to elect
sixteen out of the eighty members of the Board of Trustees.
The scholarships promised at the banquet were as follows :
Alumni of Wilmington two, of Charlotte two, of Greensboro
three, of Salisbury two ; Class of 1879 one> °f 1884 two, of 1889
two, of 1899 one, of 1904 seven — from the class as a whole
two; Dr. R. L. Payne, for Virginia, one; William Fisher, for
Florida, one ; W. F. McCanless one, J. Sprunt Newton one,
Anonymous one, Class of 1908 one, Class of 1909 two, Gen.
J. S. Carr five to sons of Confederate soldiers; Edgar Love
two (Cornelia Phillips Spencer scholarships) ; Zeta Psi Fra-
ternity, Upsilon, one ; name of donor withheld, one. A total
of forty-one.
The Inter-Society Debate was held in Gerrard Hall Monday
evening. The query was "Are the Closed Shop Policies of the
Trades Unions in the United States Detrimental to Our In-
dustrial Development?" The Dialectics, Messrs. William
Rufus Edmonds and Michael Seth Bean upheld the affirmative,
and the Philanthropies, Langdon Cheves Kerr and James
Albert Highsmith, the negative. State Auditor B. F. Dixon
presided over the meeting. The judges, Messrs. James Lee
Love, Whitehead Kluttz, and E. S. W. Dameron, decided for
the affirmative. After the debate there was a reception by the
President and Faculty in the new Library, at which the alumni,
old and new, and their friends, delightedly interchanged social
courtesies.
Tuesday, June 1st, was Commencement Day. The assem-
blage was in Memorial Hall. The first exercise was the com-
petition for the Mangum Medal by picked members' of the
Senior Class. Harvey Clyde Barbee spoke on "Democacy
and Education" ; Charles Walter Tillett, Jr., on "The Meaning
of History"; Stuart Van Bowen, on "International Arbitra-
tion" ; Kemp Davis Battle on "Democracy and the Trusts."
The judges decided in favor of Mr. Battle.
The Commencement Address was by William Henry Welch,
Commencement of 1909. 691
M.D., LL.D., Professor of Pathology in Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity. He began by complimenting the University and stat-
ing that its students entering the Hopkins Medical School did
exceptionally good work. He then announced his subject,
"Preventive Medicine in Its Relation to Society." During
the past fifty years the experimental method of study has
brought greater results than were in all the centuries gone
before. We have penetrated into the causation of infectious
diseases, have well nigh crushed leprosy, the Black Death,
smallpox. Typhus fever, bubonic plague, cholera, yellow
fever, diphtheria, hydrophobia, have yielded to preventive
medicine, and typhoid fever partially so. The crusade against
tuberculosis is now worldwide and will produce better condi-
tions of living. Preventable accidents cost us three hundred
and forty-eight millions of dollars in one year. The highest
asset of a country is national health. We should direct our
attention to preventable death and race homicide. In fighting
yellow fever the career of Issington is of dramatic interest. He
gave himself for the experiments, stipulating that he should
receive no reward. He was a greater hero than the soldier
who faced bullets on the battlefield. The experiments to which
he submitted led to the extermination of fever in Cuba. They
render possible the Panama Canal.
President Yenable then spoke most feelingly to the Senior
Class, bearing testimony to their industry and high standard
of morals and gentlemanly conduct.
Degrees in Course were then conferred.
Bachelors of Arts 61
Bachelor of Science 1
Bachelors of Philosophy 2
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering 1
Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering 1
Bachelors of Science in Electrical Engineering 4
Bachelors of Laws 3
Graduates in Pharmacy 6
Masters of Arts 11
Master of Science 1
Doctor of Philosophy 1
Doctors of Medicine 12
Total (for names see Appendix) 104
692 History of University of North Carolina.
The Degree of M.D. was this year, for the first time, con-
ferred at the main Commencement exercises instead of a
special Medical Commencement in May.
Medals, Prizes, Fellowships, and Certificates:
The Harris Prize (Medical)— Arnold Shamaskin.
The Greek Prize — A. L. Feild.
The Worth Prize — T. J. Armstrong, Jr.
The Early English Text Society Prize — Claud Howard.
The Freshman Prize in English— L. N. Morgan.
The Brandon Prize — J. G. Beard.
The Henry R. Bryan Prize— S. T. Stancell.
Prizes in North Carolina Colonial History — D. D. Oliver,
F. E. Winslow.
The Mathematical Prize — 0. P. Rhyne.
The Toch Fellowship in Chemistry — E. J. Newell.
The Sutherland Fellowship in Chemistry — H. N. Dumas.
Fellow in Greek — W. L. Long.
Library Fellows — G. G. Sparkman, G. T. Whitley.
The W. J. Bryan Prize— O. G. Cox.
The Bingham Prize — W. R. Edmonds.
The Mangum Medal — K. D. Battle.
Elected to membership in the Phi Beta Kappa Society, 1909 —
T. P. Nash, Jr., A. H. Wolfe, 0. W. Hyman, J. W. Lasley,
Jr., L. McCulloch, C. S. Venable.
Certificates :
English — G. T. Whitley.
French — J. W. Umstead, Jr., C. D. Wardlaw.
Greek — W. M. Gaddy.
History— J. W. Umstead, Jr., N. L. Willis.
Latin— W. M. Gaddy, J. F. Thomson.
Pedagogy— E. S. Welborn, N. L. Willis.
Zoology— C. F. Kirkpatrick.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, (LL.D.) was
conferred on George H. Brown, Associate Justice of the Su-
preme Court of North Carolina ; on William Alexander Hoke,
likewise Associate of the Supreme Court ; on Richard Henry
Whitehead, M.D., late Dean of the Medical Department of the
University of North Carolina, now holding a similar position
in the University of Virginia ; and on Joseph Austin Holmes,
once Professor of Geology in this University, then State Geolo-
gist of North Carolina, and now Superintendent of Mines of
the United States.
Dr. Venable's Annual Report, 1909. 693
The recipients of the honorary degrees were presented in
most felicitous terms by Dr. C. Alphonso Smith.
In his annual report Dr. Venable bore testimony to the
"ability, scholarly reputation, harmony and unity of purpose''
of the Faculty. "They represent the training of the best uni-
versities at home and abroad. The list of their publications
proves them to be productive scholars, and their reputation
is shown by the really remarkable list of positions held by them
in their various learned societies. They are approved teachers
and cultivated gentlemen. Their salaries are inadequate and
must be increased, or we can not hope to retain them. Efforts
have been made to relieve them of drudgery in order that they
may have opportunity to win recognition among their fellows
in the various fields of knowledge. Care is taken however
that their chief labors shall be as teachers."
He announced the following changes in the Faculty :
"George C. Crawford, of St. Johns, New Brunswick, has been
made Assistant Professor of Physics with a salary of $1,000,
and J. M. McBryde, Jr., I904-'o5, of Chambersburg, Pennsyl-
vania, Assistant Professor of English, with the same salary.
Dr. Joseph Hyde Pratt, State Geologist, is to be Professor of
Economic Geology with salary of $250.
"Prof. James D. Bruner, Ph.D., has resigned the Chair of
French and is President of the Chowan Female Institute. Dr.
Bruner had been Professor in the University of Illinois and
Assistant Professor in the University of Chicago. He is an
accomplished linguist, and inspiring teacher.
"Prof. J. E. Latta has resigned as Professor of Electrical
Engineering to take up the practical side of his profession.
"Prof. R. O. E. Davis resigns from the Department of
Chemistry for special chemical work in the Department of
Agriculture in Washington, D. C.
"Prof. Edwin Mims, Ph.D., is added to the Department of
English. He has for fifteen years been Professor of English
in Trinity College, N. C. He has been granted a year's leave
of absence for study in Europe. Mr. John M. Booker, A.B.
Johns Hopkins University, takes his classes during his ab-
sence, becoming Associate Professor of English.
694 History of University of North Carolina.
"Prof. William M. Dey, Ph.D., formerly Associate Pro-
fessor of Romance Languages and acting Head of that De-
partment in the University of Missouri, has been appointed
Professor of Romance Languages and Head of that Depart-
ment.
"Mr. Oliver Towles, A.B., University- of Virginia, has been
added as Associate Professor in the same department.
"Messrs. Walter Grimes in the Law School, Parker H. Dag-
get, B.S. in Electrical Engineering, and Hampden Hill, B.S.
in Chemistry, are temporarily appointed to fill vacancies in
those departments.
"Mr. Thomas F. Hickerson, A.M., after a' year's study in
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is Instructor in
the Department of Mathematics, and returns to his work in
the University.
"Mr. G. K. G. Henry, A.M., formerly first assistant in the
Chocowinity School, is transferred from the Instructorship
in Mathematics to that of Latin ; C. E. Mcintosh, Principal
of Raeford Institute, is appointed Assistant in History; C. C.
Alexander, A.M. Columbia, formerly Assistant Professor in
the University of Arkansas, and Claud Howard, A.M., Uni-
versity of North Carolina, are made Instructors in English.
"Eben Alexander, LL.D., Professor of Greek and Dean of
the University, has been granted a year's leave of absence on
account of failing health.
"Willie T. Patterson, for twenty-five years Bursar of the
University, has been retired on a Carnegie pension, and Mr.
A. E. Woltz, A.M., formerly Superintendent of the Goldsboro
Graded Schools, has been appointed in his place. Charles T.
Woollen takes a newly created office — that of Proctor."
Major Patterson did not live long to enjoy his well earned
leisure. Although dignified with the title of Major he was
only a private in the Confederate ranks. He had a leg shot off
at Sharpsburg, lay on the field all night without attention and
was ever after a sufferer, even to the verge of the grave, from
the consequences of his wound. He was of highest integrity, of
unfailing courtesy, a noble Christian gentleman. The Uni-
versity never had in its service a more faultless man. He was
W. C. COKER
A. H. Patterson
Edwin Mims
W. S. Bernard
J. H. Pratt
E. K. Graham
P. H. Winston
Dr. Venable's Annual Report, 1909. 695
not an alumnus as he volunteered in the army before he was
prepared to enter the University.
"Edward K. Graham, A.M., Ph.D., has been made Head of
the Department of English and Dean of the College of Liberal
Arts. Charles L. Raper, Ph.D., Professor of Economics, ,has
been made Dean of the. Graduate School. Henry M. Wagstaff,
Ph.D., is promoted from Associate to Professor of History.
"C. Alphonso Smith, Ph.D., Professor of the English Lan-
guage and Literature, and Lucius Polk McGehee, LL.B., Pro-
fessor of Law, have resigned. The University regrets the loss
of these strong and helpful members of the Faculty."
Dr. Smith obtained his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins ; studied
in England, France, and Germany; has LL.D. from the Uni-
versity of Mississippi ; was Professor of English in Louisiana
State University, and has written school books of great
merit. He went to the University of Virginia and had the ex-
traordinary honor of being appointed Roosevelt Professor in
the University of Berlin for i9io-'n. Mr. McGehee took a
position with the Edward Thompson Law Publishing firm in
Long Island but later returned to his Alma Mater.
The report of Dr. Thomas J. Wilson, the Registrar, showed
that the enrollment was : Undergraduates five hundred and
eighty-five, Graduates twenty-seven, Law one hundred and'
five, Medicine seventy-two, Pharmacy forty, a total of eight
hundred and eighteen. The roll by classes of Undergraduates
and Graduates, omitting Professionals, was, Graduates twenty-
seven, Seniors seventy, Juniors one hundred and seventeen,
Sophomores one hundred and seventy, Freshmen, two hundred
and twenty-six, a total of six hundred and ten. The average
age of the Freshmen was nineteen years five months.
Perhaps the two best ball teams of the Lmiversity were
those of 1903 and 1909. An interesting game was had in the
afternoon between such of the two as were present, vacancies
being supplied by choice of the captains. The team of 1903
was successful by 4 to o. The lineup of 1903 was : Thompson,,
pitcher; Noble,- catcher ; Holt, first base; Cheshire, second
base ; Carr, shortstop ; George Graham, third base ; Donnelly,
696 History of University of North Carolina.
left field; Hart, center field; Cox, right field. The lineup of
1909 was: Stewart, pitcher; Moore, catcher; Hamilton, first
base ; Duncan, second base ; Armstrong, third base ; Tillett,
shortstop ; Stacy, left field ; Thomas, center field ; Lambeth,
right field. The star play was the knocking of the ball by
Thompson over the athletic field fence, thereby insuring a
home run.
There was a reception in the Library room (Smith Hall)
from 9 to 1 1 o'clock. Owing to the exertions of Professor Toy
the arrangements were such that it was greatly enjoyed.
The young people enjoyed to the full the Commencement
dances. No one could complain of their infrequency or of
the style in which they were conducted. The first was on
Tuesday afternoon, known as the Sophomore Dance. The
Senior Ball was given at 10:30 Tuesday night. It was, as were
also the others, in Commons Hall, which was beautifully deco-
rated and has an ideal floor. There were many visitors to wit-
ness the lovely figures and graceful maidens. At 11 o'clock on
Wednesday came the Morning Hop and in the afternoon the
German, at 4:30, and the final dance began at eleven in the
evening. The managers were John Hall Manning chief ; with
H. P. Masten, R. M. Robinson, R. S. McNeill, Donald
MacRae, D. B. Sloan, and J. M. Venable, submanagers.
The Marshals were John M. Reeves, chief; B. L. Fentress,
J. A. Highsmith, J. H. Boushall, James Patterson, D. L.
Struthers, and O. A. Hamilton, assistants.
Summer School of 1909.
The Summer School for Teachers had ten instructors, nine
from the University Faculty and one from the Goldsboro
Graded Schools. They were Professor Toy in German, Dr.
Howe in Latin, Dr. Bruner in French, Prof. Stacy in Mathe-
matics, Dr. L. R. Wilson, Library Administration; Prof.
Walker, Secondary Education; Mr. J. M. Grainger, English;
Miss Susie Fulghum, Goldsboro, Primary Methods. There
were enrolled seventy-six students, forty-two women and
thirty-four men. Sixty-eight were from North Carolina, rep-
resenting thirty-two counties.
Report of the Visiting Committee of 1909. 697
The Visiting Committee for 1909 was Major C. M. Sted-
man and Adolphus G. Mangum. They gave unqualified com-
mendation to the students. "The students now look on life
as real and earnest. Although under the excitement of a vic-
tory oyer the University of Virginia there was no dissipation.
It was pleasant to see the spirit of loyalty, self-sacrifice and
enthusiasm of officers and Faculty, a combination of con-
servatism and progress." They reported the following needs :
$25,000 for repairs; $50,000 for Medical Building, and $10,000
for Anatomical Instruction.
$25,000 for Pharmacy Building.
Additional boarding, facilities.
$8,000 for Central Hotel Property.
$25,000 for Water Supply.
$35,000 for Geology and Mining Building.
$15,000 for stacks and heating apparatus for Library.
$40,000 or $50,000 for Teachers' Building.
$5,000 for Law Library and $10,000 annually in addition.
Enlargement of Power Plant.
Rules Governing the Erection of Tablets in
Memorial Hall.
In view of the paucity of spaces for tablets in Memorial
Hall the Executive Committee of the Trustees appointed a
subcommittee on the subject: Mr. Josephus Daniels, Dr. F. P.
Venable, and Major Charles M. Stedman. Their report, which
was adopted, asserts :
"It is important to exercise a wise discrimination in selecting
the men to whose memory are to be placed tablets in this 'Hall
of Fame.' No desire of friends or relatives should weigh. The
list should be rigid enough to exclude those who have not
rendered substantial service to education, or to philanthropy or
to material progress." The selection must originate in the
Executive Committee and be decided by a two-thirds vote.
University Day, 1909.
The exercises commemorating the one hundred and sixteenth
anniversary of the laying of the corner stone of the University
were held in Memorial Hall on the twelfth of October, 1909.
698 History of University of North Carolina.
A procession formed under the direction of Dr. J. H. Pratt,
marched from Alumni Hall at 10:45 a- m-.. and the exercises
began at eleven with music by the University Orchestra, fol-
lowed by a prayer by Rev. W. T. D. Moss of the Presbyterian
Church. Then was sung the University Hymn, succeeded by
the annual address by President S. C. Mitchell of the Univer-
sity of South Carolina. He stated that he had been an ob-
server of the University of North Carolina for many years
and was impressed most favorably. It was characterized by
breadth of thought, by its rational independence, by the great
men it has instructed.
He was followed by Attorney-General Thomas W. Bickett,
who had been a student in our Law . School, testifying to the
cleanliness of our student body, morally and intellectually.
Then came Mr. C. W. Tillett, Jr., of the Senior Class, who
gave a succinct and accurate sketch of the origin of the Uni-
versity.
An Experiment in Student Government.
The University Council is a new experiment in our Univer-
sity government. Thus far it has met with success. I give
the personnel for the year 1909-1910, and a description of it
from the Y. M. C. A. Booklet of that year :
Adolphus H. Wolfe, President of the Senior Class.
Barney C. Stewart, President of the Junior Class.
Frank P. Barker, President of the Sophomore Class.
John W. Moore, President of the Second Year Medical Class.
Walter R. White, President of the Second Year Pharmacy Class.
Henderson A. Gudger, Representative from the Law Class.
William R. Edmonds (elected hy Council), Representative from
the Senior Class.
The University Council is the head of the honor system. It is the
concrete expression of the moral University, the student instrument
of self-government. Its members being elected of the students by
the students, it is grounded upon, and gives expression to, student
sentiment. The Council is not an organization of policemen, nor is
it based upon a system of espionage. When any student is felt by
his fellow students to be unworthy to remain in the University, the
Council takes cognizance of this feeling. It examines into the mat-
ter, finds the facts in the case, and decides upon the justice of that
Class Day Exercises of 19 10. 699
feeling. If the student is found guilty of conduct unworthy of a
University man, he is requested by the Council to leave the Uni-
versity. For example, if it becomes known among the students that
a man has been guilty of cheating upon examination, he is disgraced
in the eyes of the University community; and the students without
hesitation, through their organ of expression, the Council, demand
that he forthwith leave the University. The student sentiment ex-
presses itself in this way not only in cases of so flagrant a violation
of the honor system as cheating, but also in cases of continued
drunkenness, gambling, and such other forms of misconduct. Thus
it can be seen that the student body has an effective system of self-
government, that the motive power of self-government is student
sentiment, and that the organ of expression of this sentiment is the
University Council.
Commencement of 1910.
The one hundred and fifteenth Commencement began May
28, 19 10, on Saturday. Seventy-six Seniors marched to the
Chapel (Gerrard Hall) for the last joint attendance on
Prayers. Rev. Richard W. Hogue officiated. Permanent
class officers were elected, viz., W. R. Edmonds President, D.
B. Teague Vice-President, W. H. Ramsaur Secretary, C. C.
Garrett Treasurer.
After a recess the regular Class Day exercises were begun.
The address of the President, A. H. Wolfe, was on "The Re-
lation of the University to the Educational System of the
State." It gave the attitude of the class on this subject, half
of whom intended going at once into educational work.
The Class History was given by J. R. Nixon. One hundred
and eighty-five entered as Freshmen, only seventy-six remain-
ing to take their diplomas.
The Class Gift was announced by H. E. Stacy, who said,
"We no longer give gifts as an inferior to a superior in a
spirit of awe, of fear, but as a symbol of respect, devotion and
love. For the next five years each member of the class is to
contribute two dollars annually. At the end of the five-year
term $150 is to be devoted to purchase of furniture for the
North Carolina History room of the Library. The residue of
the fund is to be loaned, the interest to be used in buying
books, maps, or anything the Trustees may designate. The
class requests Dr. J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton, Professor of
yoo History of University of North Carolina.
History, Dr. Louis R. Wilson, Librarian, and C. C. Garrett,
Treasurer of the class, to act as Trustees.
The Class Prophecy by J. M. Reeves and the Last Will and
Testament by W. H. Ramsaur were full of student humor and
interest.
The exercises of the Phi Beta Kappa were then held. Per-
manent Secretary T. J. Wilson read the list of initiates, who
had made an average of ninety-two and one-half on their
studies for three years. They were E. W. Turlington Presi-
dent, A. L. Feild Secretary, G. W. Thompson, W. T. Joyner,
H. M. Solomon, R. L. Deal, W. A. Dees, J. A. McKay, W. F.
Taylor, and G. C. Mann. The presidency and secretaryship go
to those having the highest and next highest average.
President Venable then introduced the Phi Beta Kappa
orator, Dr. Wm. Lyon Phelps, Professor of English in Yale
University. The address was characterized by richness of
human experience and fulness of thought, with charming sim-
plicity of manner and language. Dr. Phelps paid a tribute to
the late Dr. Eben Alexander, as combining the best qualities
of the Carolina and Yale man. He took as his subject "Cul-
ture and Happiness," and, as his text, a saying of President
Dwight, that the happiest man is one who thinks the most
interesting thoughts.
The exercises of the Senior Class were concluded under the
Davie Poplar in the afternoon. Songs we're sung, the Pipe of
Peace smoked and D. R. Kramer, the Class Statistician, made
his report. The Seniors then marched to the well for a last
cup of cold water and burned the benches of the class in front
of the South Building.
The Inter-Society Banquet has become one of the most in-
teresting features of Commencement. That of 1910 began at
7 130 Saturday night and was full of enthusiasm. Brief ad-
dresses were made by Messrs. W. R. Edmonds and J. A.
Highsmith, of 1910, and V. L. Stephenson, 1906. Mr. D. B.
Teague, Philanthropic, acted as toastmaster.
The principal address was by Mr. Clarence H. Poe, of the
Progressive Farmer, an invited guest. His subject, "How to
Build Up North Carolina," was wisely and usefully handled.
Class Reunions in 1910. 701
On Sunday, May 29th, there was a large congregation in
Memorial Hall under the leadership of the Baccalaureate
preacher, Rev. Dr. James Y. Fair, of the Westminster Presby-
terian Church of Richmond, Virginia. The preacher was more
than usually earnest and eloquent.
In the evening Rev. Plato Durham, the pastor of the Central
Methodist Church at Concord, on the invitation of the Young
Men's Christian Association, preached a powerful sermon.
Monday was Alumni Day, Colonel Thomas S. Kenan pre-
siding. The address was by Junius Reverdy Parker, Esq., an
alumnus of i885-'87, from Alamance County, now of the New
York bar. He paid a graceful tribute to his old preceptor, Dr.
John Manning, in choosing for his subject "The North Caro-
lina Lawyer." "The typical North Carolina lawyer is an edu-
cated and thoughtful man ; he is respected and influential in his
community; he looks with tranquil and just eye on the political
and social questions of the time. He applies to large and pub-
lic or quasi-public affairs the principles that govern us in
small things."
The eloquent address was received with unbounded enthu-
siasm, the speaker having been such a North Carolina lawyer
as he described before gaining fame at the great metropolis
of America.
After the address were held the reunions of sundry classes.
The two which created most interest were those of i860 and
1870.
Of the class of i860, eighty- four in number, every member
except one, who was in poor health, volunteered in the Con-
federate military service. Those present in 1910 were, A. S.
Barbee, R. A. Bullock, Thomas W. Davis, W. A. Graham, E.
J. Hale, Charles Haigh, R. P. Howell, Farquhard Smith, and
John H. Thorpe. Major W. A. Graham, Commissioner of
Agriculture, gave a most interesting history of the class.
In the Class of 1870 are included all those who were pre-
vented from graduating in that year by the closing of the Uni-
versity in 1868. Dr. George Tayloe Winston acted by request
as spokesman. After a talk full of good feeling and humor he
•jo2 History of University of North Carolina.
called on Dr. Richard H. Lewis, of Raleigh, to give the history
of the class.
Dr. Lewis stated that in the Freshman year there were thirty-two
members and six more joined as Sophomores. At the end of the
first year it was unprecedented that the class had no first honor man.
The second rare event in the history of the class was the consign-
ment to the flames of all the copies of the French book, which dealt
with the history of Le jeune Alexis de la Tour, taught on the Rober-
sonian method. The class had a meeting and appointed a committee
to address the Faculty in opposition to being taught French by the
foreign method. They were the three who had been awarded first
honor "with a query," meaning a little less than first honor, al-
though better than second. They began their modest petition with,
"We are resolved and determined," whereupon President Swain
diplomatically suggested that a less peremptory demand on the part
of the petitioners would be more in accordance with parliamentary
usage. The suggestion was kindly taken and the word "determined"
was erased, leaving the word "resolved" in full prominence. The
petition was granted probably on account of the destruction of the
textbooks.
Up to a recent period there were in Gerrard Hall north and south
doors opposite each other. The Sophs decreed and for several years
maintained the decree that Freshmen must enter by the south door.
A plucky little Freshman resolved on the double role of entering by
the north door and creating fun for the students. Imagine the
surprise, consternation, indignation and amusement of the whole
student body, which after the calling of the roll had settled down
into the reverential attitude just preceding the opening of service, at
seeing this little Freshman, about two sizes bigger than General Tom
Thumb, diked out in a spiked tail coat, which dragged the floor, a
tall silk hat and a cane, march boldly in the front door. It is hardly
necessary to add that there was a furious explosion of merriment,
nor that he was promptly summoned before the Faculty and ad-
monished for making a disturbance in the Hall of Prayer. He is
the same old boy yet, but respect for his gray hairs or his bald head
makes me refrain from calling his name.
I must state that here Dr. Lewis glanced significantly at
President Winston, who at the time of the adventure was
about fourteen years old, and small for his age. The truth
is that his conduct was carefully thought over. He was deter-
mined to break up the indignity of being excluded from the
front door and adopted the outre dress in order to surprise
the Sophs, as well as create hilarity among the students. If
Reunion of Class of 1885. 703
he had acted otherwise the resentment of his opponents would
have brought down on him rude, if not painful handling, such
as occurred to another Freshman afterwards.
Dr. Lewis continued : "Of the thirty-eight members of the
class eighteen have passed over the river, and let us hope are
resting under the shade of the trees."
The President of the Class of 1885, Julian S. Mann, intro-
duced Alexander J. Feild, Private Secretary to the Governor,
who made an interesting and feeling speech.
After twenty-five years of varied endeavor in many widely scat-
tered fields we have returned to lay at the feet of our Alma Mater
our united tribute of love and loyalty. First and last we had eighty-
eight members of the Class of '85, of these twenty-four graduating.
Of these graduates twenty are still living. Most of them have mar-
ried and are rearing families. For the benefit of young ladies in
the audience, I state that we have a few old bachelors left, who can
be had at a bargain. Our class is scattered from New York to Texas,
in the pulpit, in the halls of Congress and the councils of the State,
on the bench and at the bar, in education, in medicine, in agricul-
ture, and in commerce. We have today with us only seven of them,
but others have sent us messages. Those with us are Julian S.
Mann, the President of the class, A. D. Ward, A. H. Eller, D. H. Mc-
Neill, E. T. Phillips, W. C. Riddick, and your speaker, whose son is
completing with credit the Junior, the first and only son of the Class
of 1885 to enter the University. Four of those who graduated with
us laid down their burdens while it was yet morning — Solomon C.
Weill, Ernest P. Mangum, Heber A. Latham, and St. Leon Scull.
There were lean years twenty-five years ago. Just before we fin-
ished our course a new flame was kindled and a new hope was born.
In February, 1885, the Legislature increased the annual appropria-
tion to $20,000. The news was received with the wildest joy. Great
bonfires were lighted on the Campus and the shadows of the sturdy
old oaks danced in glee over the gray walls of these classic buildings
to the merry music of the college bell. Speeches were made and
songs were sung; and Dr. Battle, the President, on his return from
Raleigh, was welcomed as a hero. He was met at the station by the
students, who drew his vehicle in triumph through the streets of
the village.
Mr. Feild closed with an eloquent apostrophe to the Uni-
versity.
We have been glad to think of her as inspiring men to be free and
training them to be the relentless foes of tyranny everywhere,
704 History of University of North Carolina.
tyranny of religion seeking to bind the consciences of men; tyranny
of government, laying heavy burdens on shoulders too weak to bear
them; tyranny of commerce, closing the door of opportunity and
digging deeper the gulf between the rich and the poor. Long live
our Alma Mater! We have gratitude for her past, admiration for
her present, and confidence in her future.
Of the Class of 1900 there were present Allen J. Barwick,
"John R. Baggett, William S. Bernard, John W. Hinsdale, John
F. Plummer, Henry C. Reynolds, Charles G. Rose, Charles E.
Thompson, Charles W. Woodson, Graham Woodard.
The class, at a private meeting, resolved on the publication
of the class record every fifth year. It was also resolved to
raise a fund to be used for the University, the amount and
disposition of the same to be postponed until the next meeting
in 191 5. Mr. William S. Bernard was elected permanent Class
Secretary and Mr. Allen J. Barwick associated with him. In
the absence of Class Historian, Mr. Bernard filled his place
most admirably.
The Alumni Dinner was one of the best events in our his-
tory. Dr. Charles Foster Smith, Professor of Greek in the
University of Wisconsin, the Commencement orator, by re-
quest gave interesting and valuable information about that
University. Among other things he stated that its annual in-
come was $1,500,000, a contrast to the University of North
Carolina, with its income of one-tenth the amount.
By the designation of Colonel Kenan, Dr. George T. Win-
ston acted as toastmaster, with his usual mixture of humor and
sound sense. He first called out President Venable, who
frankly disclosed the weaknesses and needs of the University,
the smallness of the salaries causing the loss of Professors,
and difficulty of securing others as worthy, the want of lecture
room, scarcity of dormitories. The State must deal more
liberally if it is desired to equal the better paid institutions of
other States.
Governor Kitchin followed with a strong speech. Among
other things he pointed out that the State issued $500,000 in
bonds for improvements of hospitals. Why not pursue a
similar policy to her chief educational institutions?
Other short speeches were on "The Need of Equipment,"
Alumni Reunion in 1910. 705
by Editor Josephus Daniels; on "The Need of Money to Com-
pensate Professors Properly," by Dr. R. H. Lewis, of Raleigh ;
on "The Need of a Better School of Education," J. Y. Joyner,
State Superintendent.
Among the local needs brought out were: $10,000 for put-
ting the athletic field in perfect order, an organ for Gerrard
Hall, to cost probably $800, and gateways at the entrances into
the Campus at a cost of about $1,200 each.
There were several hundred alumni in attendance and un-
exampled enthusiasm.
Greetings were received from alumni in Arkansas, Texas,
New York, Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, and the Dis-
trict of Columbia, in addition to forty-seven individuals and
localities in this State. Banquets were had in Raleigh, Wil-
mington, Durham, Williamston, Charlotte, Oxford, High
Point, Wilson, Windsor, Salisbury, Winston-Salem, Red
Springs, Mooresville, Norfolk.
The Annual Debate between representatives of the Dialectic
and Philanthropic Societies took place on the same evening in
Gerrard Hall, Governor Kitchin presiding. The query was,
"Resolved, that the United States Government should estab-
lish a Central Bank." Messrs. Gordon Wesley Thompson
and Clawson Lee Williams, Dialectic, in well considered argu-
ments, sustained the affirmative. Edgar Willis Turlington
and -Walter Frank Taylor, Phi, stoutly sustained the nega-
tive. The judges, Messrs. A. D. Ward, Whitehead Kluttz,
and F. D. Winston, gave the decision to the negative.
On Tuesday morning, the 31st of May, was held the one
hundred and fifteenth Commencement. A procession was
formed in front of Alumni Hall and marched to Memorial
Hall. The four Seniors chosen to deliver orations were Messrs.
Langdon Cheves Kerr, Horace Edney Stacy, John Heck
Boushall, and Joseph Henry Johnston. Mr. Kerr was too
unwell to speak. The judges decided in favor of Mr. Stacy,
whose subject was, "The State in the Larger Life of the
Nation."
President Venable then introduced Dr. Charles Foster
Smith, who gave an address of uncommon interest, filled with
45
706 History of University of North Carolina.
illustrations, on the value of reading great books. He began
by stating that when John Bright went to Oxford to receive
an honorary degree, they took him to a point where he could
look down on
"That sweet city with the dreaming spires."
Rousing himself at length from a reverie, he exclaimed, "How
beautiful it would be to be eighteen years old again and coming
here to study !"
The speaker counseled not alone the study of textbooks but
the reading privately more of great books. "Buy them, too,
so that you may have them always at hand. Practical or not,
we can not live the higher life without great poetry. It is food
and drink for the soul. It lifts, it refines, it sweetens, it con-
soles. 'The great poets, whose thoughts enrich the blood of
the world,' said Tennyson."
Seldom has an address been more thoroughly appreciated
than this of Dr. Smith, and many an aspiring youth was nerved
to the resolution to add the perusal of great English classics
to his prescribed studies.
At the conclusion of the address President Venable an-
nounced that Assistant Professor Marvin H. Stacy, A.M., had
been promoted to be Professor of Civil Engineering, James
F. Royster, Ph.D., to be Professor of English, Thomas F.
Hickerson, B.S., A.M., to be Associate Professor of Civil En-
gineering, and Parker H. Daggett Associate Professor of
Electrical Engineering. Charles W . Bain, graduate of the Uni-
versity of Virginia, Professor in the University of South Caro-
lina, had been elected Professor of Greek as successor to Dr.
Alexander. Robert A. Hall, of the University of Nashville,
Ph.D. University of Chicago, Professor of Chemistry in Clem-
son College, was to take the place for icjio-'ii of Prof. A. S.
Wheeler. Guy R. Clements, A.B. Hiram College, A.M. Uni-
versity of Chicago, Graduate Student at Harvard, Instructor
of Mathematics in Williams College and at Harvard, was to
have charge of Dr. Henderson's work during his absence in
Europe. George B. Viles, A.B. and A.M. Harvard, Ph.D.
Cornell, Associate Professor of German in the University of
A. E. Woltz
J. G. de R. Hamilton*
C. W. Baix
R. B. Lawson*
H. M. Wagstaff
J. M. Booker
Oliver Towlks
Honorary Degrees in 1910. 707
Ohio, was to have charge of the classes of Professor Toy,
absent in Berlin.
The Degrees conferred in Course were as follows :
Bachelors of Arts 68
Bachelors of Science 9
Bachelors of Law 3
Graduates in Pharmacy 5
Masters of Arts 5
Master of Science 1
Doctors of Medicine 14
Total (for names see Appendix) 105
The recipients of Honorary Degrees were then presented by
Dr. Charles Lee Raper. The Honorary Degree of Doctor of
Lazus was conferred on Kemp Plummer Battle, A.B. 1849,
LL.D. Davidson College, ex-State Treasurer, President Uni-
versity of North Carolina 1876-91, Professor of History 1891-
1907, Author of History of the University ; on Julius Isaac
Foust, A.B. 1890, Superintendent of Schools in Wilson and
Goldsboro, Professor of Pedagogy and then President of the
North Carolina State Normal and Industrial College ; on Ed-
ward Joseph Hale, A.B. i860, Major C. S. A., editor, five
times delegate to the Democratic National Convention, United
States Consul to Manchester, expert advocate of canal trans-
portation ; Dr. Thomas Hume, a minister of the Baptist
Church, Professor of English Language and Literature in the
University of North Carolina, and then of English Literature ;
and on George Tayloe Winston, LL.D., Professor of Latin in
the University of North Carolina, President of the University
of North Carolina 1 891 -'96, President of the University of
Texas i896-'99, President of the North Carolina College of
Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, 1899- 1908.
Medals, Prizes and Fellowships:
The William Cain Medal in Mathematics — G. C. Mann.
The Haeris Prize in Anatomy — J. P. Jones.
The Eben Alexander Prize in Greek — E. W. Turlington.
The Worth Prize in Philosophy — J. I. Reece.
The Early English Text Society Prize — -S. R. Carrington.
The Henry R. Bryan Prize in Law — R. N. McNeely.
The Toch Fellowship in Chemistry — C. S. Venable.
708 History of University of North Carolina.
Prizes in North Carolina Colonial History — (1) J. R. Nixon,
(2) S. F. Teague.
The W. J. Bryan Prize in Political Science — J. D. Eason, Jr.
The Ben Smith Preston Cup — B. D. Stephenson.
The Bingham Prize — E. W. Turlington.
The Mangum Medal — H. E. Stacy.
Elected to Membership in Phi Beta Kappa — E. W. Turling-
ton, A. L. Feild, R. L. Deal, W. A. Dees, W. T. Joyner,
J. A. McKay, G. C. Mann, H. M. Solomon, W. P. Taylor,
G. W. Thompson.
Certificates :
English — L. A. Brown, S. R. Carrington.
French — R. C. Dellinger, 0. W. Hyman, J. H. Johnston, R. S.
McNeill, A. R. Morgan.
German — L. A. Brown, J. H. Johnston.
Greek — E. S. DeLaney.
History — J. R. Nixon, H. V. P. Vreeland.
Latin — Frank Hough, O. W. Hyman, R. A. Urquhart.
Pedagogy — C. C. Garrett, J. A. Leitch, Jr., O. A. Hamilton.
Zoology — S. Coopersmith, 0. W. Hyman, L. F. Turlington.
Other Faculty Changes in 1909A10.
Among the resignations from the Faculty in icjocj-'io the
following are noteworthy : Thomas Ruffin, Professor of Law
for six years, an able and efficient teacher; David H. Dolley,
Professor of Bacteriology and Pathology since 1905, a capable
teacher and skilled investigator; James E. Mills, Associate
Professor of Physical Chemistry, whose scientific papers have
attracted widespread notice, and who was regarded as a most
valuable man.
The following were chosen to fill the vacancies in the
Faculty in addition to those already named : Lucius Polk
McGehee, Professor of Law and Dean of the Law School;
Henry W. Chase, Ph.D., of Clark University, Professor of the
Philosophy of Education; James M. Bell, Associate Professor
of Physical Chemistry.
It is an interesting fact that the great-grandfather of Prof.
Lucius Polk McGehee, Col. William Polk, an officer in the
Revolution, was an active Trustee of the University for forty-
five years and the President of the Board at a time when Gov-
ernors did not ex officio hold that honor. He is also errand-
Advanced Medical School Closed, 191 2. 709
son of one who was a most active Trustee for twenty-six
years, and one of the ablest, George E. Badger. His father,
Montford McGehee, was a graduate of the University in 1841
and an efficient Trustee in the revival of the University.
In the Law School, in place of Prof. Thomas Ruffin, re-
signed, Mr. Atwell Campbell Mcintosh, Professor of Law at
Trinity College, was elected. He came with an established
reputation as a teacher and as a legal author. In the Summer
Law School Chief Justice Walter Clark assisted. The num-
ber of students was thirty-seven.
The Return to a Two Year Medical Course.
This year, 1910, marked the end of the Raleigh Department
of the University Medical School, established in 1902. A
large sum was needed for its proper development and a com-
mittee, composed of Messrs. F. D. Winston, C. B. Aycock,
and Perrin Busbee, was appointed by the Board of Trustees
to report on the subject. The able and energetic Dean, Dr.
Hubert A. Royster, and the faithful members of the Faculty,
had done abundantly successful work. The graduates had
shown an extraordinarily high proportion of merit before the
State Medical Examining Board, on two occasions attaining
the highest grade of the year ; they had become well equipped
and useful physicians and many were fast attaining reputation.
Yet the committee reported that it did not seem possible for the
LTniversity to provide the necessary funds for the desired
building, equipment and maintenance. After full considera-
tion the Trustees decided to discontinue the Raleigh branch
of the School, embracing the last two of the course of four
years, and concentrate their efforts upon the upbuilding of the
department at Chapel Hill.
The Raleigh Faculty had been enlarged since the beginning
and at the close the following had been added to the number
as given in the account of the year 1902 : Henry McKee
Tucker, M.D., Obstetrics ; Claude Oliver Abernethy, B.S.,
M.D., Diseases of the Skin and Genito-urinary System; James
McKee, M.D., Mental and Nervous Diseases ; James Williams
McGee, Ir., M.D., Diseases of Children ; Robert Sherwood
710 History of University of North Carolina.
McGeachey, M.D., Instructor in Therapeutics and Anaes-
thetics ; Ralph Sanders Stevens, M.D., Demonstrator of Clini-
cal Pathology; Thomas M. Jordan, M.D., Physician in Chief
to the Dispensary; James Madison Harper, M.D., Assistant
Demonstrator of Clinical Pathology.
Other Items for icjocj-'io.
Practically no discipline was necessary in 1910 on account
of unexcused absences. For the last month of the year two
hundred and eight students were not absent from a class duty,
and eighty-six per cent had less than four absences. Only
twelve exceeded the limit.
Intercollegiate debates were held during the year with the
Universities of Pennsylvania and Georgia and with the Wash-
ington and Lee University. All three were won by this Uni-
versity. The literary societies were strong agencies in securing
the excellence of our debaters.
The Young Men's Christian Association continued its usual
active and useful work. In addition to the Bible classes and
religious meetings in the University, Bible classes were con-
ducted by the members in the country adjacent to Chapel Hill,
the teachers walking to the schoolhouses each Sunday after-
noon, some as far as five miles.
Some progress was made in extending the practice of ath-
letics, not only to the trained football and baseball devotees,
but to all students. The opening of new tennis courts quad-
rupled the tennis players. During one week there were en-
gaged on the athletic fields two hundred and eighteen men.
With a view to encouraging medical students to take more
academic work before beginning their professional study the
-Faculty voted to give the degree of Bachelor of Science to stu-
dents completing a prescribed curriculum of two years in the
College of Liberal Arts and the first two years of the Medical
School.
Summer School of 1910.
The Summer School for Teachers continued from June
6th to July 1 6th. There were twelve teachers, Dr. Howe in
Latin, Dr. Hamilton in History, Professor Stacy in Mathe-
Summer School of 1910. 711
matics, Professor Walker in Education, Dr. L. R. Wilson in
Library Administration, Mr. Vermont in French and Ger-
man, Dr. Thomas P. Harrison in English, Dr. J. M. Douglas
in Physics, Miss Leila M. Cobb in Primary Methods, Miss
Mary G. Gregg in Drawing, Miss Minnie W. Leatherman,
Library, George T. Whitley, Mathematics.
These lectures before the School were given :
Prof. A. H. Patterson, "The Story of the Stars."
Prof. George M. McKie, a reading.
Dr. Thomas P. Harrison, "Sidney Lanier," and a second lecture,
illustrated, on Macbeth.
Prof. Allen J. Barwick, "Teaching Health in School."
Dr. W. S. Rankin, "Physical Defects in Children."
Prank and Holmes Herty, a phonographic concert.
Prof. M. H. Stacy, "Big Bugs and Little Bugs."
Prof. Collier Cobb, "The Sand Dunes of Gascony," illustrated.
There were forty male students and fifty-nine women en-
rolled. Sixty-six were teachers, eighteen preparing to teach.
Written examinations were held and certificates given to those
who passed.
Meeting of County Superintendents.
The annual meeting of the State Association of County
Superintendents of 1910 was held at the University, August
30th to September 2d. Notwithstanding the inclement and
disagreeable weather the meeting was largely attended and
was interesting from start to finish. University Inn was thrown
open for the accommodation of the visitors. The sessions were
held in Gerrard Hall. On Thursday evening, September 1,
the University gave in the Library an informal reception in
honor of the superintendents and their invited guests. This
was largely attended and much enjoyed. It was a matter of
congratulation to the University and of encouragement as well
to see so goodly a number of its sons enrolled among this
earnest band of educational workers and leaders.
The sessions of the Association were presided over by
Superintendent Joyner. The program was purely informal.
There were no set papers though the topics for discussion had
been announced prior to the meeting. The topics discussed
712 History of University of North Carolina.
were as follows: (i) Health and Sanitation, (2) Farm-Life
Schools and Instruction in Agriculture, (3) Public High
Schools, (4) Uniform Examination and Certification of Teach-
ers, (5) Teacher Training, (6) Consolidation, Supervision
and Inspection of Elementary Schools, (7) General Confer-
ence— Work of the County Superintendent.
Thus it will be seen that the discussions were concerned with
practical aspects of public school administration. There were
two sessions a day, one in the morning and another in the even-
ing, the afternoons being left open.
There were not many members of the Faculty on the Hill
at the time of the meeting, but those who were here tried in
every way to cooperate with the superintendents as fellow
laborers.
University Day, 19 10.
On September 25, 1910, in cooperation with President Ven-
able, a committee of the Faculty, Dr. W. S. Bernard, chair-
man, and Dr. Henry McG. Wagstaff and Prof. Palmer Cobb,
issued a circular letter stating that the University requested
the active interest of her alumni in the observance of Univer-
sity Day. They were requested to be present in person or by
delegates appointed by the local associations. The year before
thirty fully organized associations reported to the central office.
It was hoped to increase the number. A telegram or letter of
greeting would be abundantly cheering. It was suggested that
there shall be a general organization, formed by a central
council, with proper officers and duties. The deliberations and
decisions of the local clubs should be forwarded to the central
body.
The one hundred and seventeenth anniversary of the laying
of the corner stone of the first building of the University, the
Old East, was celebrated in Gerrard Hall on October 12, 1910.
The exercises were opened with prayer by Rev. Dr. W. R. L.
Smith of the Baptist Church. The University Hymn was then
sung, succeeded by a strong and thoughtful address by Presi-
dent Venable. This was followed by "The Old North State,"
and then came greetings from friends and alumni. Short and
very appropriate addresses were made by the following : Presi-
University Day, 1910. 713
dent D. H. Hill of the College of Agriculture and Mechanic
Arts ; Dean W. C. Smith of the State Normal College ; Presi-
dent R. H. Wright, Eastern Training School ; President H. E.
Rondthaler, Salem Female College ; Superintendent W. R.
Thompson, Stonewall Jackson Training School ; then Mr. C.
L. Williams in behalf of the student body. He was followed
by the song, "Hail to N. C. U." Then Dean C. L. Raper pre-
sented President Hill for honorary degree of LL.D. Dean
E. K. Graham read short sketches of the alumni who have left
this world since the anniversary of 1909. He was appropri-
ately followed by Horace's "Integer Vitse" sung by the Uni-
versity Quartet. Then came the benediction by Dr. Smith.
I give part of the address of President Hill, on account of
his interesting reminiscences :
The memories of youth often cross in curious fashion the ex-
periences of later life. The memory of my first visit to this insti-
tution, an institution so interwoven in the proud history of our
State, is today by a natural association of ideas mingling with my
impressions of the busy academic life of your campus.
In 1875, when I was a schoolboy at Horner and Graves' school at
Hillsboro, a company of us rode over here in a farm wagon to be
present at the reopening of the University after its sad close just
following the reorganization in 1868. It was a day of rejoicing all
over the State, but the people of Chapel Hill, the Trustees and
alumni present, were simply delirious with joy. Flags, ribbons and
garlands of flowers hung from every gate, door and window. Maid-
ens and matrons joined the men and boys in noisy acclamations of
welcome to all comers. In the Assembly Hall Mrs. Spencer, whose
memory is being fitly honored by a sister institution in Greensboro
at this hour, sat with tears of pleasure flowing into her lap. Even
jolly Dr. Phillips was, in the old Latin idiom, "red as to his eyes."
Joy was certainly unconfined. Could some prescient power have
revealed to that pleasure filled assembly that, in spite of the pov-
erty of the State and the destitution of its people, the small, re-
juvenated University, over which they were rejoicing, would in
thirty-five years reach its present proportions, their delirium would
doubtless have been turned to frenzy. They were lifting up their
eyes to see visions. The wise guidance of Dr. Battle, Dr. Winston,
Dr. Alderman, and our present honored head has realized their
visions.
A second instance in which the memory of youth is today uniting
with maturer impressions: I remember the patriotic thrill of youth-
7 14 History of University of North Carolina.
ful pride that swept over me when I first heard how nobly the
University responded when, to use Sidney Lanier's phrase, "the
blood red flower of civil war was brought to bloom" — heard how
seventy members of the Senior Class answered their country's call
to arms, how out of a Freshman Class of eighty every man except
a crippled one exchanged books for muskets, how in the face of an
almost total depletion of students President Swain, with unswerv-
ing loyalty to duty, kept the old University bell ringing out the
changing hours. But today a man gets an equally patriotic thrill
when he remembers that the old bell is calling not to empty
benches, but to eight hundred choice young men to gird themselves
for the victories of construction and not destruction, — is calling,
"Equip yourselves. There is as abundant room for service now as
there was then."
A third instance crowds upon me. In 1876 practically all of my
classmates left Horner's to enter the University. Naturally the ties
of warm friendship led me to want to enter with them and to be
graduated from the University. But my soldier father shook his
head with that decision we recognized as final. My grandfather,
although a graduate of the University, was the founder and first
president of Davidson; my father was a professor there; innumera-
ble kin were graduated from there; so with a Presbyterian boy's
training I recognized that I was predestined from the depths of
eternal years to go to Davidson, and bowed dutifully to the in-
evitable.
Air. W. C. Smith, a graduate of 1896, speaking in behalf of
the North Carolina State Normal and Industrial College, in
eloquent language showed the ties which bind his college to the
University. "I bring you. in the name of your daughter insti-
tution, loyal greetings and hearty congratulations on this
auspicious day. To you we look for leadership, and side by
side with you we labor in a common cause. We pledge on our
part a most loyal service and cooperation."
President R. H. Wright made an able and earnest plea for
popular education.
Educate the masses and you eliminate the classes in government.
Governments become more and more democratic as the people be-
come more and more enlightened. Education is the tyrant's great-
est enemy and the people's warmest friend. We must have leaders
in church and State, but we must have, also, an intelligent citizen-
ship, and of the two we most need an intelligent citizenship; for
from the rank and file we will develop intelligent leaders, provided
that rank and file is intelligent.
University Day, 19 10. 715
President Howard E. Rondthaler's speech delighted the au-
dience by its humor. He closed :
I will not speak longer, as there are others. I have been placed
before the gentleman who is to follow me, I think, as a kind of
precaution to see if the venture will be safe for him — just as in
India they drive a small elephant into a river which they wish to
cross to find out if it is safe. If the little elephant succeeds in
crossing the stream without being drowned, they boldly ride across
on larger and stronger elephants. I am only the small one; the
real elephant is to follow.
The joke was thoroughly appreciated when the immense
Superintendent of the Stonewall Jackson Manual and Training
School, Mr. W. R. Thompson, arose. Entering into the joke
on his huge size, Mr. Thompson said: "The new University
and myself were both born in the same year — 1875. During
the thirty-five that have since elapsed both my Alma Mater and
I have prospered and grown great."
He then made an address feelingly and eloquently advocating
the proper training of the young criminals of the State :
Delinquency or criminality is for the most part a developed trait;
and unwise training and bad environment are usually its cause.
While not denying the effect of defective heredity, I believe the
statement is for the most part true. If the statement is true, then
I believe it can be shown that the majority of cases of delinquency
come from poverty.
Mr. C. L. Williams, a Senior, spoke for the student body.
He claimed that the University is the best exponent of true
democracy in its broadest sense :
Closely associated, as it is, with the interests and welfare of the
people, it is but natural that this University should anticipate the
advance of universal democracy. The University man is a type of
citizenship recognized everywhere. He thinks for himself, thinks
freely and independently, and gives bold and fitting utterance to
the thought that is in him. Subordinating self and accepting the
true philosophy of service to his fellow being, he stands in the life
of the people ever ready to welcome the good, whatever its source.
After the addresses cordial messages were read from alumni,
in and out of the State. Among them was a telegram from
Miss Evelyn Jones, in behalf of her brother, Adolphus G.
yiG History of University of North Carolina.
Jones, of Wake County, who died a fortnight before, a warm
lover of his Alma Mater.
Meetings and banquets were had at Charlotte, Greensboro,
Durham, Raleigh, Williamston, Wilson, Windsor, and Eliza-
beth City. At Windsor twenty classes were represented at a
banquet given by Hon. F. D. Winston. Mr. M. H. Stacy,
Professor of Mathematics, present by invitation, delivered an
address on "Self-Help at the University." He gave the vari-
ous occupations adopted for aid in paying expenses, and stated
that one hundred and seventy-five students were paying their
expenses in whole or in part. Twenty-five are paying all. "No
false aristocracy precludes them from college honors, com-
petitive or elective. Student life is one of personal effort, of
personal endeavor, of self-reliance and self-responsibility." A
resolution was adopted to send delegates at the next Com-
mencement to represent the local association at the meeting of
the General Alumni Association.
There was a large meeting of the University Alumni Associ-
ation for Guilford County in the Cornelia Phillips Spencer
Building of the State Normal and Industrial College. Thee
were quite a number of guests interested in Education. The
address of the occasion was by Hon. Hannis Taylor — as usual,
thoughtful and wise. He was followed by Hon. Josephus
Daniels, who strongly deprecated relying for education on any
source other than the State, which as a matter of policy should
be very liberal. Then Dr. Hubert Royster spoke forcefully on
"Education and its Counterfeit." Hon. Z. V. Walser very
happily coupled the work of the Normal College with that of
the University. The set speeches were closed by Dr. F. P.
Venable, who kindled enthusiasm for the great institution
under his charge.
Mr. A. M. Scales was toastmaster at the request of the
President, Mr. J. E. Brooks.
The Y. M. C. A. in icno-'n.
"I know of no organization of the sort which is doing a
more splendid work than the Y. M. C. A. of the University,"
was said by a Charlotte citizen. As usual "College Night"
The University Y. M. C. A. 717
was held in the Chapel, short speeches were made and the new-
comers made to feel at home. Two hundred and forty men
were enrolled as members, from every section of college life,
honor men and athletes, all classes, old men and new men. A
hundred and twenty-five men were enrolled in Bible study
classes. There was a meeting- every week of the teachers of
these classes for special study of the subjects taught, under
normal leaders.
Fifteen students took part in the State Bible Study Institute
at Wake Forest College in November. Throughout the year
strong speakers from the Faculty and abroad delivered lectures
on Biblical and other subjects. Once a week there was a
prayer meeting. Eight Sunday schools organized in the
neighborhood of Chapel Hill, at Calvander, Clark's Chapel,
Williams' Chapel, Ephesus, Mount Carmel, Orange Church,
Rankin's Chapel, Smith's Level, with an enrollment of three
hundred and twenty-one pupils. On Saturday afternoons there
were meetings of the teachers of these schools at which the
Bible lessons of the next day were mapped out. Occasional
musical programs were arranged and short talks given by
students and volunteers.
Commencement of 191 i.
The one hundred and sixteenth Annual Commencement,
191 1, was one of the most notable in the history of the Uni-
versity, witnessing the gathering of a number of the veteran
soldiers of the Confederacy, who left their classes to join the
army. The Faculty and Trustees had resolved to grant them
A.B. diplomas, ex speciali gratia.
On Saturday, May 27, the Seniors marched from Memorial
Hall to Gerrard Hall for the last sacred service, which was
conducted at the request of the class by Dr. Kemp P. Battle.
After this, permanent officers were elected, W. A. Dees, Presi-
dent, I. C. Moser, Secretary, and N. S. Mullican, Treasurer.
The hall was then thrown open to the public. In his presi-
dential address Mr. Dees urged the duty of his classmates to
use their powers in discharge of the debt which, as graduates
of the Universitv, thev owed the State.
718 History of University of North Carolina.
Mr. R. G. Stockton followed with the History of the class,
giving its various vicissitudes. It entered in 1907 with two
hundred and ten and in a few days ninety-nine of these will
take their diplomas, the largest Senior Class in the history of
the University.
Mr. I. C. Moser presented the Class Gift. Seeing the need
of more suitable athletic grounds, the class resolves to pay in
ten years $2,000, and agrees to assist in raising the residue of
what is needed, up to $10,000, for the purpose of providing
athletic fields and appliances worthy of the University.
The exercises were concluded under the Davie Poplar in the
afternoon. The Prophecy was pronounced by J. F. Oliver and
the Last Will and Testament by H. M. Solomon, both creating
much interest and merriment. They contained some good satiri-
cal hits. For example, to the printing office was bequeathed
a printing press once owned by Benjamin Franklin, "in the
hope that with this modern machine the Magazine will be got
out on time once during the year."*
After the conclusion of the formal exercises of the class,
Rev. Dr. W. R. L. Smith, in behalf of the members of the
class in Philosophy II, and of the Seniors generally, expressed
their love for Prof. H. H. Williams as a friend and teacher
by presenting him with an exquisite silver tray.
The class then gave its last series of yells, and instead of
burning its benches willed them to the Athletic Association.
They separated to meet next day at the ceremony of receiving
their well won diplomas.
The oratorical contest for the Mangum Medal was held
after the Senior exercises in the forenoon. The participants
were Israel Harding Hughes, Clawson Lee Williams, and
Charles Eugene Mcintosh. Mr. Hughes spoke on "Religion,
the Master Passion," Mr. Williams on "The Master Passion of
Democracy" and Mr. Mcintosh on "The Third Estate in Man's
Emancipation." The judges decided in favor of the last named.
The Inter-Society Banquet, now a popular and useful insti-
tution, was held in Commons Hall at 8 o'clock in the evening.
C. E. Mcintosh was toastmaster. Messrs. Paul Dickson and
I. C. Moser spoke for the two societies, claiming that they
•Printing by the University has since been discontinued, the interruptions of lectures,
etc., preventing efficient work by the student printers.
Commencement of 1911. 719
furnished right standards for measuring the after life of their
members.
The speaker of the evening was Hon. Locke Craig, a gradu-
ate of 1880, his subject being "Business and Politics." His
speech was a thoughtful and often eloquent discussion of the
problems of the day.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was delivered in Memorial Hall
on Sunday morning by the Right Reverend Collins Denny, of
Nashville, Tenn., Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
South. His text was "Whatsoever a man soweth that shall he
also reap" — the inevitableness of God's law. "Your hands are
full of grain today. In God's name and for God's sake throw
away the bad, sow only the good."
Rev. Dr. Ira Landreth, of Nashville, Tenn., delivered an
excellent sermon before the Young Men's Christian Association
of the University on Sunday night on the text, "Quit you
like men."
Alumni Day was on Monday, May 29th. In the absence
from sickness of Hon. Thomas S. Kenan, President of the
Association, ex-Lieut. -Gov. Francis D. Winston presided. On
motion of Hon. Richard H. Battle a resolution of regret be-
cause of the absence of President Kenan, who had done so
much to make the reunions of the last three decades pleasant
to the alumni, was adopted.
Dean Edward K. Graham by request delivered the address
of welcome to the war classes. It was with excellent taste and
deep feeling. The closing sentence gives an idea of its spirit.
"Your Alma Mater that sent you forth, a mother of sorrows,
welcomes you home, a mother of exceeding great joy. To her
you are not gray-haired old men, but her own immortal boys,
ever young and ever fair. To her the holy twilight of your
lives shades not into the darkness of the night ; but lightens
into the eternal youth and beauty of the stars. For her your
great deeds, and the patriotic impulse that glorifies them will
ever be an inspiration in her eternal business of making for the
service of the State noble-hearted men."
Then succeeded the calling the roll of the War Classes, Hon.
F. D. Winston by request acting as president of the meeting.
720 History of University of North Carolina.
Capt. J. M. B. Hunt, of Granville, and Lieut. -Col. E. K. Ed-
mundson were from the Class of 1861. Captain Hunt told of
the Commencement fifty years ago, from which graduates
marched, clothed in Confederate gray.
Four men represented 1862, one of whom, Judge Thomas
W. Taylor, stated that he adjourned his court in Huntington,
West Virginia, in order to be present. Col. Charles W. Broad-
foot touchingly said, "Confederate soldiers! The years have
brought the vindication of your struggle. To your sons we
leave your example ; to your daughters we leave your memory,
and to God we trust your spirit." Appropriate talks were
made by Major W. H. McLaurin and by Mr. W. B. Fort.
Mr. Fort announced that he was one of the few survivors of
those who joined the Confederate Navy, on which Chairman
Winston remarked that the Confederate Navy failed to have
its merited prominence because its harbor was among the hills
of Charlotte.
Of the Class of 1863 A. E. Henderson, its < spokesman, made
the most humorous speech of the occasion. He ended by giving
one of the gibes with which the infantry was wont to prod the
cavalry. "Although he himself had nothing to say to detract
from the romantic atmosphere that hovered around tbe 'But-
termilk Rangers,' he had heard it said that they came out of
one engagement with three more men than they carried in."
Captain Norman L. Shaw told of the beginning of the re-
bellion being at Chapel Hill, when his class was in danger of
leaving the University temporarily because one of their num-
ber was dismissed for upholding a class custom. He had
sacred memories connected with Chapel Hill, partly because it
was tbe site of his Alma Mater and especially because he car-
ried from it the best of wives. The members of this class
present were Henry C. Foscue, Moses A. Curtis, B. McC.
Hord, J- S. Lucas, M. B. Pitt, L. R. Ray, Joseph H. Scales.
The Class of 1864 had seven present: James P. Britt,
Thomas B. Hagood, Joseph B. Oliver, William Richardson,
Thomas. Wiggins, W. A. Guthrie, and Chief Justice Walter
Clark. Major Guthrie gave a happy introduction of the class
to the audience, among other things mentioning that seven out
Reunion of War Classes in 191 i. 721
of eighty of its members remained to graduate and then joined
their comrades.
The Class of 1865 had seven representatives, Rev. W. H.
Call, J. P. Carson, John W. Cotton, Richard H. Sims, A. B.
Howard, John S. Henderson, and Henry A. London. Mr.
Cotton humorously said that if he had remained at Chapel Hill
he would probably have failed in securing the diploma which
is now promised. Rev. Mr. Call made a very pleasant talk,
full of love for his Alma Mater.
The only member of 1866 was General Julian S. Carr, who
left the University for military service before he had attained
the legal age. He was greeted with extraordinary applause
as he mounted the stage, applause richly due to a most gen-
erous and loving son of the University.
Dr. Frank S. Faison, with whom was Dr. Onslow Reagan
and Hon. Benjamin D. Webb, made an appropriate response
for 1867.
The Class of 1868 sent forward three men to answer to the
call, Augustus W. Graham, W. H. S. Burgwyn, and William
D. Horner. This ended the war class reunions. The reunions
of sundry more recent classes succeeded.
The Class of 1886 was represented by seven members, J.
Bryan Grimes, William N. Everett, Herbert W. Jackson,
Joseph J. Jenkins, Frank F. Patterson, John F. Schenck,
Robert L. Strowd. The secretary spoke for the class and
stated that nineteen members were still living.
William J. Andrews, Russell Bellamy, Shepard Bryan, Wil-
liam W. Davies, John M. Fleming, J. F. Hendren, J. V. Lewis,
C. S. Mangum, A. H. Patterson, and W. L. Spoon, represented
1891. Dr. Kemp P. Battle was elected an honorary member
of the class because he resigned the Presidency of the LTni-
versity in that year. He expressed his gratification in a few
words. Mr. Bryan gave a history of the class, stating that as
Freshmen they numbered seventy and graduated twenty-five.
Mr. W. H. Swift spoke for the Class of 1901, of which he
was a member, and promised to the University the whole-
hearted service of all his classmates.
The Class of 1906 brought back thirteen members, for whom
Mr. W. B. Love spoke briefly and heartily.
46
72.2 History of University of North Carolina.
The Alumni Luncheon was an event to be remembered for
the cheerful, hopeful mood of its participants. Rev. A. D.
Betts pronounced the blessing and the mirth-provoking toast-
master, Frank D. Winston, presided. Dr. Yenable, first called
on, expressed his appreciation of the generosity of the Legis-
lature in giving us $87,000 per year for maintenance and
$50,000 a year for the next four years for improvements. He
also announced the gift of $40,000 from the Peabody Fund
Trustees for the School of Education, to be expended for a
building. He thanked cordially Rev. Richard W. Hogue for
securing by his personal exertions the Self-Help Home for the
accommodation of students working their way through the
University. The Association gave Mr. Hogue a rising vote
of thanks.
The younger alumni were represented by J. C. B. Ehring-
haus, a Philanthropic, a graduate of 1901, late State Senator
from Pasquotank, and W. P. Stacy, a graduate of 1908, a
lawyer of Wilmington. They both urged their fellow members
to take an intelligent part on all public questions and apply
thereto the standard of duty. Mr. Stacy's speech was pub-
lished at length and is full of wise thoughts strongly expressed.
The toastmaster then happily introduced Governor Woodrow
Wilson, of New Jersey, who had come to deliver the Annual
Address next day. He spoke on "The Mission of the Ameri-
can University." Among other things he said, "The energy
of the nation is singularly awakened. No man living has wit-
nessed such an order for reform as that abroad in the country
today. Party ties are today looser than ever before. Young-
people are hungry for the things America lacks, American
literature, patriotic music — for wealth, for its possibilities of
the spiritual betterment of mankind. The great task of our
universities is to supply an atmosphere of elevated thoughts
and glorious dreams of betterment of mankind."
At the conclusion of Dr. Wilson's excellent speech President
Venable announced that the Daughters of the Confederacy re-
solved at the Commencement of 1910 to erect a monument to
the sons of the University who fought in the Confederate
Army. He moved that the Association add $5,000 to the
Commencement Day, 191 i. 723
amount raised by the ladies — $7,500 in all. A considerable
amount was raised at once and the full amount pledged.
The annual Inter-Society Debate between the Dialectics and
Philanthropies took place in the evening in Gerrard Hall. Chief
Justice Clark presided. The query was "Should United States
Senators be elected by Direct Vote of the People?" Mr.
Caleb K. Burgess argued strongly for the change. Air. Robert
A. Freeman presented cogent arguments in favor of the
present plan, which were fiercely combated by Mr. Claude E.
Teague. Air. Cyrus R. Wharton made a vigorous defense of
the wisdom of the patriots of 1787. The judges decided in
favor of the affirmative and that Air. Teague made the best
speech.
The Faculty reception was held in the University Library
from 10 to 11 130 p. m. The receiving party consisted of Presi-
dent and Airs. Yenable, Airs. W. W. Kitchin, Airs. Howe, and
Governor Wilson. Cakes and ices were served in several
rooms of the Library.
On Tuesday, Commencement Day, at 10:15 o'clock, before
Alumni Hall, a procession of graduates, students, Faculty,
Trustees, veterans, and alumni, headed by President Venable
and ex-President Battle, Governor Kitchin, Dr. Woodrow
Wilson, Rev. Dr. W. R. L. Smith, Lieut. -Gov. Winston, and
others, led by the University Band, marched by Monument
Avenue and the Person Hall walk, to Alemorial Hall. The
exercises were opened with prayer by Rev. Dr. Smith.
President Yenable introduced the orator of the day, Gover-
nor Wilson, in felicitous language. I give a few sentences :
It is our high privilege to welcome as a guest of the University
today a strong and many sided man, whose unparalleled entrance
into public life has surprised and gladdened a whole people — a peo-
ple who stood entangled, bewildered, awake to the injustices and
wrongs from which they had suffered, conscious of their strength,
yet baffled and helpless amid the divided counsels, the paltry bick-
erings, and the lack of wisdom of those who would lead them.
It is no miracle that such a man should come from the quiet halls
of a college community. * * * Once before, when our people
were striving to free themselves from unjust burdens and an im-
possible government, Princeton sent her President, a quiet scholar,
into politics, and John Witherspoon led in the councils of the nation.
724 History of University of North Carolina.
Nor is it a miracle that such a man came from the South. Once
before a simple Southern champion stood forth in the hour of his
country's need, and made the scattered colonists a strong, sturdy
nation.
Scholar, profound thinker, able teacher, wise Governor, strong and
true gentleman, we welcome you, Governor Wilson.
Governor Wilson's address was strong and thoughtful. I
give specimens of his style :
The nation is coming to itself and we must ask, "For what port
are we bound, by what chart do we sail?" Affairs need now to be
adjusted politically. * * * I was in the great West the other
day, and they were talking of the history of their enslavement.
* * * They gave kingdoms and empires to capital to tempt it
from the East. They gave franchises to railroads and waterpower
rights and the power of eminent domain to condemn the right of
way, and finally the very powers of government. * * * They
have given away their powers until the powerful hands are private
hands instead of those of the States. * * *
The country has now reached its maturity and is coming to itself.
It is now going to take charge of its own affairs with sober repent-
ance and serious care. * * * The doctrine of the Republican
party is that the Government should be conducted by the men who
are the material successes and have established the material pros-
perity of the country and of themselves. * * * The lawyers, who
have made the great combinations of corporations burglar proof,
know of the right and wrong in the system. * * * We have got
to learn that it is not a matter of knowing what to do, but of telling
others what is right. When I first got into politics I was called a
schoolmaster, but I did not object to the term. A schoolmaster is
one who makes a specialty of knowing things and of telling them to
other people. * * *
Young men, do not go out of this University without taking with
you all the strength of the traditions that glorify the place, left here
by the men who were here before you. The propelling power of the
present toward greatness in the future is the tradition of the past.
No man is remembered except for the good he did mankind. * * *
Let love be the motive of life, but not self-love. A man finds him-
self more fully when he begins to love a cause better than the object
of his love. These lines from an old ballad illustrate the highest
ideal of love:
"I could not love thee, dear, so well,
Loved I not honor more."
At the conclusion of the address President Venable an-
nounced as new members of the Faculty : Dr. Wade Hampton
Faculty Changes in 191 i. 725
Brown, Professor of Pathology (graduate of the University of
Nashville, B.S., 1899; M.D. John Hopkins University, 1907;
Instructor in Pathology and Bacteriology, in University of
Virginia, i907-'o8; Instructor in Pathology, University of
Wisconsin, i9o8-'io; Assistant Professor of Pathology,
Wisconsin, iqio-'ii). Dr. Daniel Huger Bacot, Jr., Instruc-
tor in History (A.B. Charleston College, 1908; Assistant in
English, 1908-09; A.M. Harvard University, 1910). John
Wayne Lasley, Instructor in Mathematics (A.B. University of
North Carolina 1910 and A.M. 191 1).
Dr. George B. Viles was promoted from Acting to Asso-
ciate Professor of Germanic Languages and Literatures.
Assistants for 191 1-' 12: Fellow in Latin, W.' R. Thomas;
Assistant in Anatomy, P. A. Petree ; in Bacteriology, D. B.
Sloan; in Botany, W. B. Cobb; in Chemistry, M. L. Buckley
and P. R. Bryan ; in Library, C. W. E. Pittman, R. W. Bob-
bitt, W. W. Rogers, C. R. Wharton, T. M. Ramsaur ; in Mathe-
matics, J. B. Clingman ; in Physics, C. K. Burgess ; in Zoology,
W. C. George and L. F. Turlington.
The graduates were :
Bachelors of Arts (A.B.) 86
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) in Chemical Engineering 3
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) in Civil Engineering... 4
Bachelors of Science (B.S.) in Electrical Engineer-
ing 5
Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Mining 1
Bachelor of Laws (B.L.) 1
Graduates in Pharmacy (Ph.G.) 6
Masters of Arts (A.M.) 15
Master of Science (M.S.) . . : , 1
Total (for names see Appendix) 122
Medals, Prizes, and Fellowships:
William Cain Prize in Mathematics — A. L. Feild.
Harris Prize in Anatomy — Robert Drane.
Eben Alexander Prize in Greek — F. W. Morrison.
Worth Prize in Philosophy — E. L. Williams.
Early English Text Society Prize — A. C. Lineberger.
Henry R. Bryan Prize in Law — J. A. Austin.
Toch Fellowship in Chemistry — W. L. Jeffries.
726 History of University of North Carolina.
North Carolina Colonial History Prize — First, W. C. Guess;
Second, E. C. Ward.
Babbitt Scholarship in Chemistry — B. H. Knight.
Fellowship in Chemistry — J. T. Dobbins.
W. J. Bryan Prize in Political Science — G. "W. Thompson.
Ben Smith Preston Cup — L. N. Morgan.
Bingham Representative Prize — C. E. Teague.
Makgum Medal — C. E. Mcintosh.
Elected to membership in the Phi Beta Kappa Society — L. N.
Morgan, W. E. Hossfeld, F. P. Barker, C. K. Burgess, R. A.
Freeman, A. W. Graham, Jr., P. H. Gwynn, Jr., F. W. Hoss-
feld, Jr., H. L. Parrish, Jr.
Certificates :
Civil Engineering — F. Llorens, T. V. Llorens, E. F. Rodriguez.
Electrical Engineering — J. S. Koiner, Jr., F. L. Llorens, H. L.
Martin, T. W. Voils.
English — W. P. Bivens, J. W. Harris, G. C. Mann, G. W.
Rhodes.
French — J. A. McKay.
German — F. J. Duls, H. M. Solomon.
Greek — J. A. McGoogan.
History — Frank Hough.
Latin — W. F. Taylor, W. R. Thomas.
Mining Engineering — R. R. Smith.
Pedagogy — S. E. Leonard, Hoyt Roberson.
The Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) was con-
ferred on Woodrow Wilson, Governor of New Jersey, lately
President of Princeton University.
The number of Trustees attending Commencements was
now so large that it was inconvenient to have them all sign
the diplomas as had been the custom. It was therefore enacted
that the chairman appoint a committee of three Trustees, who
with the President of the University and Secretary should per-
form this duty.
At this time it was resolved to secure a more perfect organi-
zation of the alumni. A committee had been appointed in 1909
to report. On May 29th their report was laid before the
Association as follows :
"There shall be a General Assembly of the Alumni on
Wednesday of Commencement week, composed of delegates
Ledoux Fellowship in Chemistry. 72.7
from the local associations. These delegates have votes pro-
portional to the numbers of the Association they represent.
The General Assembly shall elect a Council of fifteen mem-
bers, one to be a member of the Faculty, one-third to retire
at the end of each year, and their vacancies to be filled. The
Council shall select its own officers and shall manage all the
business of the General Assembly, including the publication
of a magazine to be known as the University of North Caro-
lina Alumni Monthly.
"The Council elected were W. S. Bernard, W. H. Swift, V.
L. Stephenson, R. H. Sykes, J. Y. Joyner, Robert Bingham,
Hayden Clement, W. J. Andrews, J. C. B. Ehringhaus, A. S.
Barnard, D. B. Teague, J. K. Wilson, P. D. Gold, T. D. War-
ren, J. O. Carr.
"The Council elected the following officers : Chairman,
Robert Bingham ; Secretary, W. S. Bernard ; Treasurer, J.
Y. Joyner. It was then decided that a capable and enthusiastic
man should be sent to organize the alumni into local associa-
tions and to raise funds for other work. Mr. W. H. Swift, a
very able man, undertook the work until October 12th and
was clothed with the title of Field Manager. He and Mr.
Bernard were instructed to prepare an outline of the work de-
sired, to be distributed at the discretion of the Field Manager."
In 191 1 Dr. Albert R. Ledoux sent his check to the Uni-
versity for $5,000 to establish a Fellowship in Chemistry. The
holder is expected to devote himself to research.
Dr. Ledoux was a graduate of Columbia College, New
York, then studied for two years in Berlin and took his degree
of Ph.D. at Goettingen. His first work was the inauguration
as Director and State Chemist of the North Carolina Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, then located at this Uni versify. He
has been for years a distinguished chemist and metallurgist in
New York.
Dr. Archibald Henderson this year, 191 1, had leave of ab-
sence to prosecute his studies in Europe. Part of his time he
spent at Cambridge University where he was completing an
elaborate memoir on which he had been engaged. This was
728 History of University of North Carolina.
a minute study of the twenty-seven lines on the Cubic Surface,
It met with such favor among great mathematicians that the
University published it in book form.
In addition to this scientific monograph;, Dr. Henderson has
published other works more suitable for the reading of the
general public. One is "Interpreters of Life," which has been
most favorably received. Another is "Life of Mark Twain."
A third is "Life and Works of Bernard Shaw," which has se-
cured for the writer a very high and well deserved reputation
as an historian and critic.
Summer School of 191 1.
The Summer School of 191 1 had an attendance of two hun-
dred and twenty-five. The courses were very useful and at-
tractive. The Faculty was made up as follows :
English: Professor Harris and Associate Professor McKie.
History: Professor Hamilton.
Latin: Professor Howe.
German and French: Mr. Vermont.
Mathematics: Professor Stacy.
Arithmetic: Mr. Whitley.
Physics: Professor Douglas.
Secondary Education: Professor Walker.
Educational Psychology: Professor Chase.
Elementary School Methods: Miss Graham.
Theory and Practice of Teaching — Professor Chase.
Drawing: Miss Griggs and Miss Owens.
Library Administration and Methods:, Miss Wilson and Miss
Leatherman.
The Fourth of July exercises of the 191 1 Summer School
were uncommonly interesting. Rev. W. A. Stanbury made
an invocation. Then "America" was sung by the whole schocl,
followed by the reading of the Declaration of Independence
by Prof. George M. McKie. The Summer School song, by
Miss Jennie Lunsford, was sung by the school to the tune of
"Maryland, My Maryland."
An army meets each passing year
With purpose high, with earnest will;
Its foe is ignorance everywhere,
Its weapons knowledge, love and skill.
P. H. Daggett
J. M. Bell
Archibald Henderson
W. H. Brown
C. T. Woollen
T. E. HlCKERSON
R. A. Hall
University Day, 1911. 729
The address was by Prof. M. C. S. Noble, displaying his
usual force and wise thoughts.
In the afternoon there was a ball game, Summer School vs.
the Law School, and at night an interesting and well con-
ceived rendition of Shakespeare's "As You Like It," Mr. A.
Vermont, of Smithfield, being director, and ably acting as
Orlando.
University Day, October 12th, the anniversary of the laying
of the corner stone of the University, was celebrated elabo-
rately. A procession of students and Faculty, headed by Presi-
dent Venable and the orator of the day, Dr. C. Alphbnso Smith,
of the University of Virginia, marched from Alumni Hall to
Memorial Hall. The invocation was by Rev: Dr. W. S. Long.
Then the student band, led by Mr. C. T. Woollen, gave in fine
style the University hymn, the congregation rising and singing.
The President followed with a short report on the prosperous
condition of the University and the contemplated improvements
to be made from the handsome appropriation of $300,000 by
the State, and $40,000 by the Trustees of the Peabody Fund,
for the erection of an Education Building. He then called up
Mr. C. D. Hogue, who spoke on behalf of the professional stu-
dents. Mr. L. N. Johnson then spoke in behalf of the under-
graduate students. Both these addresses were highly credit-
able to the orators, sensible, forcible, and appropriate, delivered
in a graceful and manly style.
Dr. Venable then introduced the orator of the day, our
former Professor of English, now of the University of Vir-
ginia, Dr. C. Alphonso Smith, D.D., LL.D. Dr. Smith, after
some kindly words about this University, gave a most instruct-
ive address.
The choir sang "Hail to U. N. C," the University band
accompanying, and many of the congregation joining.
Dean Edward K. Graham then read the list of the alumni
who died during the past year, some of them cut off before
they had been permitted to enter life's work.
Then a portion of the choir most appropriately and beauti-
fully sang Horace's praise of an upright man.
The benediction was then pronounced by Rev. Dr. W. S.
Long.
730 History of University of North Carolina.
Incidents of I9ii-'i2.
On the third of March, at the request of the Young Men's
Christian Association, Bishop Robert Strange addressed a
large congregation on the subject of the Mission Study Move-
ment. After the address about one hundred and fifty students
were enrolled.
On the 28th of April a meeting was held in Gerrard Hall
in memoriam of ex-Governor Charles Brantley Aycock. The
invocation was made by Rev. H. W. Starr. Newman's
Hymn, "Lead Kindly Light," was sung by the University
Quartet. Professor H. H. Williams spoke of Aycock as a
College Student ; Dr. Edwin Minis discussed Aycock's Service
to Education, and Hon. Charles W. Tillett, of Charlotte, deliv-
ered an elaborate and able address on Aycock in Public Life.
The choir then sang Horace's "Integer Vitse" and the ben-
ediction was pronounced by Rev. Dr. W. R. L. Smith. Full
justice was done to the great ability, oratorical powers, lofty
character and tireless energy of our alumnus — all exercised
for the cause of education and the good of the State.
The North Carolina Academy of Science held its annual
meeting on May 3 in Chemistry Hall of this University. The
address of welcome was by Dr. Venable. Then Dr. Henry
V. Wilson, president of the Academy of Science, delivered
his presidential address on "Zoology in America before the
Present Period." Prof. A. H. Patterson followed with a
demonstration of electric waves. After this a number of pa-
pers were read and discussed.
In Gerrard Hall on May 4th this University won the debate
over Tulane Lmiversity. The debaters were C. K. Burgess
and L. P. McLendon, holding the affirmative, and for the neg-
ative, the Tulane debaters William T. Guste and Nicholas
Collum. The query was, "All corporations doing an inter-
state business should be chartered and regulated by a Federal
Commission."
This University, represented by C. E. Teague and C. D.
Hogue, won the debate over Vanderbilt University, holding
s*^
Davie Hall
iffifjEilii
ii
i ii i
I I ! ! >
Caldwell Hall
Resignation of Professor Mims. 731
the negative of the same query; the Yanderbilt men, H. T.
Hay and H. L. McGlothin defending the affirmative.
Edwin Mims, Ph.D., Professor of English since 1908, re-
signed his position in 1912, and accepted a professorship in
Vanderbilt University, from which he graduated in 1892, pro-
curing his A.M. in the next year. After being Fellow and
Assistant in that institution for two years he was Professor
of English Literature in Trinity College, N. C, for fourteen
years. He was Fellow and Assistant in History, Cornell Uni-
versity, and there obtained the degree of Ph.D. He is a very
valuable man and there was wide and sincere regret at his
leaving us. He has gained a well earned reputation as an
author. His "Life of Lanier" shows skill as an historian and
wise discrimination as a literary critic.
Dedication of the Medical Building.
On May 8th were held the exercises connected with the
opening of the Medical Building, named Caldwell Hall, after
the first President. Rev. Dr. W. R. L. Smith opened with
the invocation. Dr. R. H. Lewis, of Raleigh, in behalf of
the Board of Trustees and the State, presented the building
to the University, and President F. P. Venable and Dr. Isaac
H. Manning, Dean of the Medical School, accepted it. An
able address was then delivered by Dr. A. A. Kent, '79, Pres-
ident of the State Medical Society, on the text, "The New-
Era Demands Educated Physicians."
He was followed by Dr. Richard H. Whitehead, Dean of
the Medical School of the University of Virginia, on the sub-
ject, "Medical Education in the South." The principal ad-
dress was then delivered by Dr. Edgar F. Smith, Provost of
the University of Pennsylvania, applying the precepts of John
Morgan, "Father of Medical Education in America," to the
problems of medical instruction today. The Honorary De-
gree of Doctor of Lazvs (LL.D.) was then conferred on Pro-
vost Edgar F. Smith, Dr. Charles W. Stiles, discoverer of
the hookworm disease in America, and Dr. Richard H. Lewis,
of Raleigh, late President of the American Public Health
Association and long Secretary of the North Carolina State
Board of Health.
732 History of University of North Carolina.
Death of Richard H. Battle.
On May 12, 1912, died Richard Henry Battle, the Secre-
tary and Treasurer of the University, long and honorably con-
nected with the institution. He was born December 3,
1835, took a first honor degree in 1854, was Tutor of Greek
i854-'58, practiced law in Wadesboro and Raleigh, Captain
C. S. A. 1861, Private Secretary to Governor Vance i86i-'64,
State Auditor 1864- '65, Chairman of the State Democratic
Executive Committee i884-'88, was offered but declined a Su-
perior Court judgeship, was a Trustee of the University and
member of the Executive Committee from 1879, thirty-three
years, during which period he never missed attendance on any
meeting or at any Commencement, despite the distraction of a
large practice in his profession. Besides these duties he held
every office in his church, the Protestant Episcopal, up to and
including that of deputy to the General Convention.
Mr. Battle, shortly before his death, donated to the Law-
Library of the University all his law books, including a full
set of United States and North Carolina Reports.
The Trustees, at Commencement, adopted resolutions
expressive of their appreciation of his valuable services to this
University as well as to the State, and of his lofty and admir-
able character.
At the same meeting the Trustees concluded to divide the
offices of Secretary and Treasurer, and to require the Treas-
urer to reside in Chapel Hill. The office of Bursar was abol-
ished and his work added to that of the Treasurer. Dr. Rich-
ard H. Lewis, of Raleigh, was elected Secretary and the
appointment of the Treasurer was left to the Executive Com-
mittee. At a meeting held in Raleigh the Committee elected
Mr. Julius Algernon Warren, of Durham, who has entered
on his duties.
Commencement of 1912.
The Senior Class Day of 1912 was Saturday, June I. The
exercises began with prayer by Dr. K. P. Battle. Permanent
officers were elected. Then R. A. Freeman delivered the
Commencement of 1912. 733
President's Farewell Address, A. H. Graham gave the Class
History, Fred B. Drane presented the Class Gift to the Uni-
versity, B. E. Isley reported the Statistics at the Poplar exer-
cises in the afternoon, the Class Prophecy was pronounced by
P. H. Gwynn, Jr., the dedication of certain class leftovers
made by F. P. Barker, the Last Will and Testament read by
John C. Whitaker, the Poem recited by B. D. Stephenson.
In lieu of a gift in presenti the class agrees to pay $5 each
a year, for four years, the sum so raised to be added to other
sums for creating a suitable Athletic Park.
Departing from the old custom, which placed Senior speak-
ing on Commencement Day, the contest for the Willie P. Man-
gum medal was held on Class Day, at 10:45. Four picked
Seniors competed : F. P. Barker, "Contributions of the West
to American Government" ; J. M. Daniel, Jr., "The American
Crisis" ; C. R. Wharton, "The True Policy of Conservation" ;
H. W. Doub, "A Modern American Statesman as a Hero."
The committee decided in favor of the first named.
At the Inter-Society Banquet in the evening of Class Day,
Claude Teague was the toastmaster. The principal speaker
was Hon. Whitehead Kluttz, whose subject was "The Faith
of the Fathers — Shall W^e Keep It?" His speech was elo-
quent. He warned against indiscriminate immigration.
"The fathers did not hallow this soil with blood to make it a
spawning place for the Mafia and the Black Hand."
There were four other speakers, two from the Dialectics,
Rev. Charles E. Maddry and C. R. Wharton, and E. S. W.
Dameron and John McKay from the Philanthropies. Mr.
Maddry kindly took the place of Mr. T. C. Bowie, Ph.B., '99,
detained by sickness.
The Baccalaureate Sermon was delivered on June 2d, in
Gerrard Hall, by Bishop Arthur Selden Lloyd, president of
the Board of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church.
His text was "He shall send you another Comforter, the
Spirit of Truth." It was a discourse of great power.
In the evening the sermon before the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association was delivered by a recent graduate, Rev.
Charles E. Maddry, '03. His text was "Silver and Gold have
734 History of University of North Carolina.
I none, but such as I have give I thee." He was heard with
great interest and admiration.
On Monday the exercises began, at ten-thirty o'clock, with
the introduction to the audience of Dr. Herman Harrell Home,
who has distinguished himself as Professor of Philosophy at
Dartmouth College and the University of New York and as
an author of valuable books. Dr. Home showed with much
ability what the State owes the University and what the Uni-
versity owes to the State.
Then followed reunions of various classes. Of 1862 Mr. J.
M. Mclver was the only member present.
The next on the program was 1887, L. P. McGehee, W. H.
Rhodes, and W. H. McNeill being present.
Mr. Perrin Busbee responded for 1892.
Mr. R. A. Merritt, of 1902, gave a most interesting state-
ment of the present condition of every member of the class.
The organization numbers one hundred and three, of whom
ten are dead ; fifty-one took their degrees ; fifty- four per cent
were married. There are sixty-three "naughty-two" babies,
thirty-three being boys with the suffix "Jr." The average sal-
ary in 1903 was $669.58 per annum. For the past year it is
$2,516.60. The lawyers are twenty-three, the doctors thir-
teen in number. In the evening over thirty assembled at a
banquet and recalled the "fun and frivolity" of their college
days. The banquet was provided by a favorite and skillful
colored man, affectionately called "Marse Jesse,"' Jesse Jones,
who has since died, lamented by students and Faculty.
The Class of 1907 being called, J. J. Parker, of Monroe, re-
sponded by making the astounding statement that sixteen of
his classmates had married and that sixteen children had been
born to them, all being girls !
At 1 130 came the Alumni Luncheon, Col. Robert Bingham
presiding. Dr. E. A. Alderman was the principal speaker,
his subject being "The Right Attitude of an Alumnus to his
Alma Mater." His happy remarks met with hearty applause.
Drs. H. H. Home and J. Y. Joyner were also called on and
spoke cheering words about the work of the University and
its future.
Commencement of 19 12. 735
President Yenable submitted a general report of the
growth of the University. The United States Bureau of Ed-
ucation has placed it in the first rank, with Harvard, Yale,
Princeton and other big colleges. Virginia and Vanderbilt
are the other Southern institutions so ranked.
A business session was then held, being the first session of
the General Assembly, composed of delegates from the various
local associations. The agents of the Assembly, Messrs. W.
H. Swift and Walter Murphy, appointed by the Council, have
been active in organizing subordinate associations.
General Julian S. Carr was unanimously elected President,
and Messrs. J. Y. Joyner, R. H. Sykes, George G. Stephens,
W. H. Swift, and W. S. Bernard members of the Council for
three years.
The Annual Inter-Society Debate was held at 8:30 p. m.
in Gerrard Hall, Rev. C. C. Maddry presiding. W. R. Pette-
way and H. C. Petteway of the Phi's upheld the affirmative
of the question, "Resolved, That the Federal Government
should own and operate the telegraph, constitutionality
granted." They were opposed by Dialectics R. W. Isley and
J. C. Busby, who gained the verdict of the three judges. The
audience highly praised the speakers.
On Commencement Day, Tuesday, after prayer by Rev.
C. E. Maddry, President Venable introduced the orator of
the day, Dr. Edwin Anderson Alderman, President of the
University of Virginia. His subject was practically a dis-
cussion of the principles of democracy in its largest sense and
the address was not overpraised by the reporter when he called
it "magnificent." After its conclusion President Yenable an-
nounced the promotions and appointments for the ensuing
year.
Promotions — The Department of Civil Engineering was
separated from the Department of Mathematics, and Profes-
sor M. H. Stacy was put in charge. Dr. L. R. Wilson and Dr.
A. S. Wheeler were promoted from Associate Professors to
full Professors.
Appointments — Professor of English : T. P. Cross, A.B.
and A.M., Hampden-Sidney College ; Ph.D., Harvard ; Teach-
736 History of University of North Carolina.
er, Norfolk High School ; Instructor in English at Harvard ;
Professor of English at Sweet Briar College.
Acting Professor of Latin, substituting for Prof. George
Howe: Warren Stone Cordis, A.B., University of Rochester,
1888; A.M., ibid., 1891 ; Ph.D., University of Chicago, 1905;
Professor of Latin, Stetson University, i888-'98 (acting Pres-
ident, 1895-96) ; Fellow in Latin, University of Chicago,
i894-'95 ; Instructor, ibid., 1898-99; Instructor in Latin,
Lewis Institute, 1899-00, i904-'o5; Professor of Latin,
Ottawa University, 1905-07; Professor of Greek and Latin,
ibid., 1907; Phi Beta Kappa.
Associate Professor of German: Kent J. Brown,
A.B., Dickinson College, 1901 ; Ph.D., University of Penn-
sylvania, 1905; University of Berlin; University of Munich;
four years as teacher in preparatory school ; at present In-
structor in German, University of Iowa.
Fellows, Instructors and Assistants — Latin: G. K. G.
Henry, Instructor ; W. H. Royster, Instructor. Anatomy : G.
R. Roberts, Assistant. Mathematics : W. W. Rankin, Fel-
low ; T. R. Eagles, Instructor ; J. W. Lasley, Instructor. Ger-
man: John J. Henderson, Assistant. Library: G. P. Wil-
son, Assistant; T. M. Ramsaur, Assistant; J. R. Gentry, As-
sistant ; E. R. Rankin, Assistant ; Jesse Pugh, Assistant. Geol-
ogy : R. C. Jurney, Assistant. History : D. H. Bacot, In-
structor. Chemistry : W. L. Jeffries, Toch Fellow; J. T.
Dobbins, Ledoux Fellow ; Alex. Feild, Fellow in Chemistry ;
V. A. Coulter, Babbitt Scholar; C. B. Carter, Assistant; C. B.
Hoke, Assistant; Paul Bryan, Assistant. English: G. M.
Sneath, Instructor. Pharmacy: J. G. Beard, Instructor.
Physics : V. L. Chrisler, Instructor ; J. B. Scarborough, As-
sistant; J. M. Labberton, Assistant in Electrical Engineering.
Zoology : W. C. George, Instructor.
It is convenient to record here an important addition to
the Law School not mentioned in its proper place. In 1909
Patrick Henry Winston, the third of the name, was elected as
one of the Professors of Law. He was a student of the Uni-
versity of Texas, i897-'98, and of the University of North
Carolina, 1899-1900. He graduated at West Point in 1905,
Commencement of 19 12. 737
was then a student in the University of North Carolina Law
School. He practiced in Asheville and taught law there pri-
vately, with conspicuous success.
The graduates of 1912 were addressed with wise counsels
by his Excellency, Governor W. W. Kitchin. There were:
Bachelors of Arts 75
Bachelors of Science in Civil Engineering 2
Bachelors of Science in Electrical Engineering.... 4
Bachelors of Law 3
Graduates in Pharmacy 3
Masters of Arts 12
Master of Science 1
Total (for names see Appendix) 100
Medals, Prizes, and Fellowships:
The William Cain Prize in Mathematics — J. B. Scarborough.
The Eben Alexander Prize in Greek — R. O. Huffman.
The Worth Prize in Philosophy — W. W. Rogers.
The Early English Text Society Prize — P. H. Gwynn, Jr.
The Henry R. Bryan Prize in Law — L. P. McLendon.
Prizes in North Carolina Colonial History — First, C. S.
Cooke; second, L. N. Morgan.
The Toch Fellowship in Chemistry — W. L. Jeffries.
The Babbitt Scholarship in Chemistry — V. A. Coulter.
The Ledoux Fellowship in Chemistry — J. T. Dobbins.
Fellowship in Chemistry — A. L. Feild.
The W. J. Bryan Prize in Political Science — J. C. Lockhart.
The Ben Smith Preston Cup — J. L. Orr.
The Freshman Prize in English — W. P. Fuller.
The Bingham Prize — J. C. Busby.
The Mangum Medal — F. P. Barker.
Elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa — R. 0. Huffman, V. A.
Coulter, G. L. Carrington, R. C. Jurney, F. H. Kennedy, W. A.
Kirksey, J. M. Labberton, F. W. Morrison, J. L. Phillips, W. N.
Post, D. L. Rights, J. B. Scarborough, J. Townsend.
Certificates :
Civil Engineering — J. B. Clingman, C. R. Thomas, Jr.
Economics — L. Wang.
Education — C. L. Cates.
Electrical Engineering — Walter Carter, R. C. McLean, H. L.
Parish, Jr., T. B. Slade, Jr.
English — P. H. Gwynn, Jr., L. N. Morgan, B. D. Stephenson.
History — C. S. Cooke.
French — B. T. Denton, J. H. Rand, W. R. Thomas.
47
738 History of University of North Carolina.
Latin— R. W. Bobbitt, P. H. Gwynn, Jr., J. C. Lanier, Jr.,
W. W. Rogers, T. S. Royster.
Zoology— W. B. Cobb, J. W. Harris.
Summer School of 1912.
The Summer School for Teachers in 191 2 was held with
the following Faculty :
Francis Preston Venable, Ph.D., D.Sc, LL.D., President.
Nathan Wilson Walker, A.B., Director of the Summer School:
Professor of Secondary Education.
George Howe, Ph.D.: Professor of the Latin Language and Lit-
erature.
Joseph Gregoire deRoulhac Hamilton, Ph.D.: Alumni Professor
of History.
Marvin Hendrix Stacy, A.M.: Professor of Civil Engineering.
Harry Woodburn Chase, Ph.D.: Professor of the Philosophy of
Education.
Thomas P. Harrison, Ph.D.: Professor of English in the North
Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.
James M. Douglas, Ph.D.: Professor of Physics in Davidson
College.
Louis Round Wilson, Ph.D.: Associate Professor of Library Ad-
ministration.
George McFarland McKie, A.M.: Associate Professor of Public
Speaking.
Adolf Vermont, A.M.: Instructor in the Romance Languages.
Theophilus Randolph Eagles, Jr., A.B.: Instructor in Mathematics.
George Thaddeus Whitley, A.M., Superintendent of Clayton
Graded School.
Mary O. Graham, Supervising Teacher in the North Carolina
State Normal and Industrial College.
Mary Goodwin Griggs, Instructor in Drawing for the Prang Edu-
cational Company of New York City.
Emma Owens, Supervisor of Drawing in the City Schools of
Chattanooga, Tennessee.
The number of teachers in attendance was larger than ever
before, and this school was voted a conspicuous success.
Apart from the regular work the most interesting event was
the presentation on the steps of the Law Building ( Smith
Hall) of a play by Professor Vermont illustrative of North
Carolina life in Colonial days. The play bore the name of the
heroine, Esther Wake, long reputed a member of Governor
Trvon's family.
Death of Dr. Thomas Hume. 739
Near the close of the Summer School, on July 15, 1912,
passed away Rev. Dr. Thomas Hume, a Professor Emeritus
of the University. He had been a faithful and successful
laborer for the interests of the University. In the language
of the resolutions of the Faculty : "As a teacher he was untir-
ing in zeal. * * * He was founder and inspirer of the
Shakespeare Club and contributed important papers to the
Philological; to the Young Men's Christian Association he
gave freely his counsel and practical support. He devoted to
his church ( the Baptist ) a loving and intelligent service. He
responded gladly to frequent calls to lecture in the cities of
this and other States. His discourses gave evidence of good
thought and deep critical insight ; they possessed also the
charm of an accurate and elegant style. He was himself an
untiring worker and had the power of stimulating others to
work."
The North Carolina University Magazine of recent years
has had a varied experience. Beginning with 1878 it ad-
mitted historical articles of more than temporary value,
together with portraits of prominent men. After a while, to
avert extinction, the student editors accepted a Faculty associ-
ate in consideration of a considerable subscription by the Uni-
versity. Professor Collier Cobb acted for several years in
this capacity with his usual energy and ability. In 1895 Pres-
ident Winston concluded that the University was not receiv-
ing sufficient value and the Magazine ceased its issues until
renewed in a few years. It is now the vehicle of writings by
students, largely in fiction, the contributions of course having
varying merit.
In 1894, largely by the labors of the Faculty editor of the
Magazine, Professor Cobb, there was issued the Golden Jubi-
lee number, celebrating the fiftieth year since the first issue
of the periodical in 1844. Much light was shed by it on the
history of the University. The following is a statement of
the articles :
H. M. Thompson: Fifty Years History of the Magazine.
Perrin Busbee: The History of the Writing by Judge William
Gaston of the Song, "The Old North State."
74° History of University of North Carolina.
Dr. K. P. Battle: A Sketch of the University Fifty Years Ago.
Dr. George T. Winston: The University of Today.
Dr. Stephen B. Weeks: Old Letters Written from Chapel Hill by
a Student of 1805.
Charles H. White and L. N. Hickerson: The Progress of Science.
Hymn to Apollo in the original Greek. Translation by Dr. H. C.
Tolman.
Poem by H. J. Stockard on Governor Vance.
Poem by L. C. VanNoppen, on Desdemona.
Poem by Herbert Bingham, on Acme and Septimus.
The first University Annual was called The Hellenian be-
cause it was issued by the Greek Letter Fraternities. It was
very creditable to the editors but after three or four years'
trial was found to be a financial burden. It was succeeded by
the Yackety Yack, a name that was taken from a college yell.
The series gives a fair and full picture of student life and has
portraits of nearly all of the students of the year of its issue.
The following societies for mutual improvement meet regu-
larly: Mitchell Society (Scientific), Historical Society, Philo-
logical Club, Economic Society, Modern Literature Club,
Odd Number Club, Der Deutsche Verein, Le Ccrcle Fran-
gais, Tertulia Espanola, Musical Association.
During this year were begun three handsome Dormitories
on the recently purchased lot adjoining that of the Methodist
Church, Franklin Street, and the Campus. That on Frank-
lin Street is named Kemp Plummer Battle ; the next, Zebulon
Baird Vance ; the third, James Johnston Pettigrew.
At the same time was begun a handsome building for the
Department of Education. It is situated on Cameron Avenue
on the open land next to Commons Hall. The cost is to be
defrayed out of funds donated by the Trustees of the Pea-
body Fund. Special efforts are made to equip teachers for
the schools of the State.
The old President's House on Cameron Avenue will, it is
said, be demolished, and give place to an ambitious modern
structure. It has an interesting history. Built for the resi-
dence of the chief professor at the same time the Old East was
reared for students, it was occupied by Dr. David Ker and
First President's House
Professor Baix's Home
The Old President's House. 741
his wife, Mary, the first lady who lived in Chapel Hill. Al-
most certainly it entertained Governors Spaight and his wife,
Mary, the first lady who ever attended a University Com-
mencement. It was the residence of Joseph Caldwell and his
short-lived first wife, but when he married Helen (Hogg)
Hooper, widow of William Hooper, he moved to her dwelling
on the lot where is the President's residence, after his death
bought by the University. The old President's house shel-
tered Prof. William Bingham and President Chapman, and
then Dr. Elisha Mitchell for nearly forty years, and then Dr.
Hepburn, Professor Gore, who rearranged and beautified it,
and now Professor Patterson.
The wife of President Swain found the old Caldwell house
to be inconveniently arranged for young children and it was
given up to Professor, afterwards Bishop, Green. After his
departure, in 1849, the occupants were successively, President
Swain, Professor Patrick, Dr. Charles Phillips, Prof. J. De
Berniere Hooper and Dr. Thomas Hume. During Dr.
Hume's occupancy the building was accidentally burned.
President Battle ordered a street, called Caldwell, to be opened
on the east side and then the Trustees leased for fifty years a
lot adjacent to this street to Professor James Lee Love. He
sold his interest to Dr. R. H. Whitehead, who purchased the
fee simple and sold it to Mr. H. H. Patterson, so that it has
passed out of the ownership of a member of the University.
The residue of the old Caldwell lot is the home of President
Venable, the property of the University.
Publications of the Faculty in the
Field of Science.
A pamphlet was recently issued showing the labors of the
professors in scientific investigations during their connection
with the University, from 1795 to 1910. There is space here
for little more than the names of the writers and the num-
ber of their contributions.
The original work of our scientific men for manv vears
past has been extensive as well as highly creditable, and the
State is proud of them.
742 History of University of North Carolina.
Fbom 1795 to 1875.
Denison Olmsted began in 1817 the first Geological Survey of
North Carolina, probably the first in the Union, publishing one
report. Elisha Mitchell continued the survey and made one report.
President Caldwell erected the first Astronomical Observatory in
the Union belonging to an institution of learning, and published a
textbook on Geometry and Trigonometry.
Elisha Mitchell published a Manual of Geology, Mineralogy and
Chemistry. He also contributed many articles to the newspapers
of this State as well as to the American Journal of Science.
Nicholas Marcellus Hentz: Seventeen papers, including a book on
the Araehnidcc of the United States.
Dr. James Phillips: Dates of Flowering and Foliation of Plants
near Chapel Hill; also the movements of the thermometer and ba-
rometer for many years.
Charles Phillips: Manual of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry.
Fkom 1875 to 1910.
Chemistry and Geology —
William Chambers Coker: Twenty-four papers.
Francis Preston Venable: Seventy-four papers, including two
Manuals for Class Study.
William B. Phillips: Six papers.
Charles Baskerville: Fifty-four papers.
Alvin Sawyer Wheeler: Eleven papers.
James Edward Mills: Fourteen papers.
Royal O. E. Davis: Two papers.
Charles Holmes Herty: Twenty-four papers.
Joseph Austin Holmes: Fifteen papers.
Collier Cobb: Twenty-four papers.
Joseph Hyde Pratt: One hundred and thirty-one papers.
Mathematics —
Ralph Henry Graves: Three papers.
William Cain: Twenty-two papers, including four manuals, one
having reached a fifth edition.
Archibald Henderson: Nine papers, including three books.
Medicine —
Richard Henry Whitehead: Six papers.
William DeBerniere MacNider: Twelve papers.
David Hough Dolley: Five papers.
Richard Henry Lewis: Seven papers.
Hubert Ashley Royster: Twelve papers.
Physics —
Joshua Walker Gore: Five papers.
James Edward Latta: Three papers.
Andrew Henry Patterson: Six papers.
Publications of the Faculty. 743
Biology —
Henry Van Peters Wilson: Twenty-nine papers.
The Marine Biological Laboratory of the United States Bureau of
Fisheries, located at Beaufort, N. C, was for several years under
the charge of Professor Wilson.
James E. Duerden: Six papers.
George F. Atkinson: Fourteen papers.
Pharmacy —
Edward Vernon Howell: Thirteen papers.
All of the State Geologists, with the exception of Dr. Em-
mons, were members of the teaching force of the University,
their offices, as at present, located here. Dr. Olmsted pub-
lished nine reports ; Dr. Mitchell, who succeeded him, nine ;
Dr. Emmons, twenty-one ; Dr. W. C. Kerr, twenty-seven ; Dr.
J. A. Holmes, twenty, besides seven Biennial Reports and
thirty-seven Good Roads Circulars. Dr. J. H. Pratt has been
State Geologist since 1905 and has published a number of
valuable Reports. He is a lecturer in the University and has
his offices in one of its buildings.
No compilation similar to the foregoing, covering the same
length of time, has been made for the literarv and historical
departments, but the professors have been equally active.
The recent zeal of the Faculty, in all departments, is shown
by the following list of those publishing papers or making
addresses during the year 191 1, taken from the last annual
report of President Yenable :
Charles Wesley Bain: One paper.
James Munsie Bell: Five papers.
William Cain: One paper.
Harry Woodburn Chase: Five papers.
Collier Cobb: Seventeen papers and addresses.
William Chambers Coker: Six papers and addresses.
Parker Haywood Daggett: One paper.
Edward Kidder Graham: Six papers and addresses.
Robert Anderson Hall: Two papers.
J. G. deRoulhac Hamilton: Six papers and addresses.
Archibald Henderson: One treatise published by the University
of Cambridge, England, three books (English editions), and numer-
ous magazine papers.
Charles Holmes Herty: Three papers.
George Howe: One paper.
Edward Vernon Howell: Three papers.
744 History of University of North Carolina.
Atwell Campbell Mcintosh (with S. F. Mordecai) : One book,
published November, 1910.
William DeBerniere MacNider: Three papers.
Edwin Minis: One book edited and nine papers and addresses.
Joseph Hyde Pratt: Twenty papers and addresses.
Charles Lee Raper: One book and three papers.
Marvin Hendrix Stacy: Two papers.
James Finch Royster: One book edited and two papers.
Nathan Wilson Walker: Five papers.
Alvin Sawyer Wheeler: One paper.
Henry Van Peters Wilson: Two papers.
Louis Round Wilson: Seven papers and addresses.
The annual publications of the University are shown by the
following- issues for the year 191 1:
I. The University of North Carolina Record —
No. 88, January: The School of Law.
No. 89, February: The School of Medicine and Pharmacy.
No. 90, March: The General Catalogue.
No. 91, April: Alumni Bulletin No. 7.
No. 92, May: The Summer School.
No. 93, June: Commencement Number.
No. 94, October: University Day — Alumni Bulletin No. 8.
No. 95, November: Illustrated Bulletin.
No. 96, December: The President's Report.
II. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society —
Volume 26, No. 3 — Six articles.
No. 4 — Six articles.
Volume 27, No. 1 — Five articles.
No. 2 — Five articles.
III. James Spkunt Historical Publications — ■
Volume X, No. 1 — Benjamin S. Hedrick, by J. G. deRoulhac
Hamilton.
No. 2 — Bartlett Yancey, by G. A. Anderson.
The Political and Professional Career of
Bartlett Yancey, by J. G. deRoulhac
Hamilton.
Letters to Bartlett Yancey.
IV. Studies in Philology —
Volume VII — Nature Similes in Catullus, by George Howe.
'Orftos av in Object Clauses, by C. W. Bain.
A Middle English Treatise on the Ten Com-
mandments, by J. F. Royster.
The John Calvin McNair Lectures. 745
V. The High School Bulletin — ■
Volume II, No. 1 — Seven papers.
No. 2 — Thirteen papers.
No. 3 — Eight papers.
No. 4 — Seven papers.
VI. Worth Essays in Philosophy —
Christianity, the Highest Development of Religious Evolu-
tion, by E. L. Williams.
The lecture fund established by the will of John Calvin
McNair of the Class of 1849 became available in 1906, and
the interest therefrom rendered it possible to begin the lectures
in 1908. The honorarium for the lectures amounts to $500,
and the remainder of the interest from the fund provides for
their suitable publication. Under the will the object of the
lectures "shall be to show the mutual bearing of science and
religion upon each other and to prove the existence of attri-
butes (as far as may be) of God from nature."
Lectures for 1908 — Professor Francis H. Smith, LL.D., of the Uni-
versity of Virginia:
The general theme: God Manifest in the Material Universe.
His Attributes as Manifested in Physics.
His Attributes as Manifested in Astronomy.
Lectures for 1909 — President Francis Landley Patton, D.D., LL.D.,
of Princeton Theological Seminary, New Jersey:
The Authority of the Bible.
The Authority of the Church.
The Authority of Christ.
The Authority of the Reason.
Lectures for 1910 — President David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., M.D.,
LL.D., of Leland Stanford, Jr., University, California:
The Stability of Truth.
Lectures for 1911 — Professor Henry Van Dyke, D.D., LL.D., of
Princeton University:
The Poetry of Nature.
The Poetry of Patriotism and Humanity.
The Poetry of the Unseen World.
Lectures for 1912 — President Arthur Twining Hadley, A.M., LL.D.,
of Yale University:
General subject, "Some Tendencies of Modern Philosophical
Thought."
Changed Conceptions of Science.
New Views of Ethics and Politics.
The Spiritual Basis of Modern Literature.
746 History of University of North Carolina.
Intercollegiate Debates.
The following is a list of the Intercollegiate Debates won
and lost from 1897 to the summer of 1912:
1897 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Lost
1898 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1899 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1900 — University North Carolina vs. Vanderbilt Won
1900 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1901 — University North Carolina vs. Vanderbilt Won
1901 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Lost
1902 — University North Carolina vs. Vanderbilt Won
19C2 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Lost
1902 — University North Carolina vs. Johns Hopkins.. . .Won
1903 — University North Carolina vs. Johns Hopkins.. . .Won
1904 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1905 — University North Carolina vs. Washington and
Lee Lost
1905 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Lost
1906 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1907 — University North Carolina i>s. Virginia Won
1907 — University North Carolina vs. George Washing-
ton Lost
1907 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1907 — University North Carolina vs. Pennsylvania Lost
1908 — University North Carolina vs. George Washing-
ton Won
1908 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1908 — University North Carolina vs. Virginia Won
1908 — University North Carolina vs. Pennsylvania Won
1909 — University North Carolina vs. Virginia Lost
1909 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Lost
1909 — University North Carolina vs. Tulane Won
1909 — University North Carolina vs. Pennsylvania Won
1910 — University North Carolina vs. Washington and
Lee Won
1910 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1910 — University North Carolina vs. Pennsylvania Won
1911 — University North Carolina vs. Georgia Won
1911 — University North Carolina vs. Virginia Lost
1911 — University North Carolina vs. Pennsylvania Won
1912 — University North Carolina vs. Tulane Won
1912 — University North Carolina vs. Vanderbilt Won
University North Carolina, 25. Opponents, 10.
University Athletics. 747
All University Football Team.
By the courtesy of Dr. Joel Whitaker, of Raleigh, probably
the University's best all-round athlete, a star in both football
and baseball, I reproduce a description by him of the noted
players at the University in football, first published in De-
cember, 1 910:
I have been asked by the News and Observer to select what is to
my mind The All University Football Team. Although I have seen
nearly every team put out by the University of North Carolina since
1892, I was not willing to rely upon my opinion entirely, so I wrote
to ten old University men, who were more or less connected with
athletics, for their selections. After this I made what is to my mind
the best selection to be made, considering the present rules of the
game. The present rules necessitate placing several men on the
team that would not be there were the rules as they were five years
ago, and necessitate leaving off probably the best line plunger that
has ever been in North Carolina, Roy Abernethy. Considering the
rules, the best line plunging back will have to give place to the best
long distance punter that has ever been in the State. Arthur Belden,
of the team of fourteen years ago.
I was surprised to see the difference of opinion in regard to some
of the places. Both Doctors Mangum and Lawson of the University
selected Phifer and Thompson for guards. I was particularly anx-
ious to get their opinions. "Doggy" Trenchard says that no man
on the team this season is the equal or the superior of every man
who has preceded him in the same position at the University, and
he picks Collier as the best guard he has seen there. Doctor Man-
gum picks Gibbs of 1892 for one end, and Mr. George Stephens selects
Biggs of the same year. Nearly all agree upon Cuningham of 1897
and 1898 as the best center, and upon George Stephens of 1893-'94-'95
as the best halfback, and a majority selected Abernethy of 1895 for
fullback, but I believe, considering the rules of today. Belden would
be the more valuable man.
At center there are four men who stand out most prominently.
"Pete" Murphy of the teams of 1892 and 1893; Herbert Cuningham
of 1896 and 1897; Council of 1900; Stewart, captain in 1904.
Two of these men were much alike in build and temperament,
both Murphy and Stewart being well over two hundred pounds in
weight, and with their great strength and massive forms plugged
up the center of the line on the defensive so tightly that it was diffi-
cult to get as much as a foot over them. Both were cool and always
thinking. "Bull" Council, whose first experience as a football
player began at center on the unusually light team of 1900, lacked
748 History of University of North Carolina.
the experience of Murphy and Stewart when they were at their best,
as well as thirty pounds of their weight, but was nearly their equal
in strength. Later Council went to Virginia and developed into the
best tackle in her history.
Herbert Cuningham of 1897 and 1898 weighed only one hundred
and forty-eight pounds, but was the best center in the history of the
University. He was at the North Carolina Agricultural and Mechan-
ical College the fall of 1894, but failed to make the team as he was
playing for an end. At the University the fall of 1897 he again
came out for an end, but owing to his remarkable strength and to
the absence of good line men he was shifted to center and at once
took to it like a duck to water. Cuningham was the best wrestler
in the University, and being in the center of the line where he was
protected from the view of the umpire, he would have an opposing
guard or center upon his back half of the game. He was the first
center in the South to pass the ball and then go down the field fast
enough to make tackles with the ends. After passing the ball for
an end run, he would check the center long enough for his own man
to get started and would then knife his way through the line to upset
a defensive back. Howell's great run in 1898 was greatly due to
brilliancy of Cuningham. He passed the ball and then went down
the field fast enough to knock off Shibley, the last Virginia back, as
he made a try for Howell. He always got the charge on his man
and always hit him in some way or at some point that was un-
expected.
One of the best guards that was ever at the University was Louis
Guion, who played sub-end in 1892 and was guard in 1893 and 1894.
He was nearly six feet two inches tall, weighed about one hundred
and eighty pounds, and was all elbows and knees. Past and shifty
upon his feet and as wild as a savage from the first blow of the
referee's whistle until some one would persuade him to stop smash-
ing at the end of the game. He would break through to tackle if he
could, but if he could not get through he would cut behind his line
and you could always tell where the ball was by seeing his sandy
head. When he himself carried the ball he was always run just
inside or just outside tackle, and he ran with his powerful knees
pumping up and down and with his back and shoulders straight
for his team mates to push, as they could in those days. It was a
good tackier that could get both of Guion's legs at once.
"Bear" Collier, who played right guard in 1894 and 1895, and later
went to Virginia and was captain and tackle on Virginia's 1898 team,
was the next best guard. He was five feet ten inches in height and
weighed two hundred and five pounds, and could run a hundred yards
in close to ten and one-fifth seconds. He was a giant physically and
relied upon his own strength rather than his teammates for aid.
He could get out of his position fast enough to get in front of a
University Athletics. 749
halfback going around the end, but played on the defensive much
like Stewart did at center, checking up all plays in his vicinity but
not all over the field like Guion. In carrying the ball he rushed
with his head down and drove through with his own strength and
left little space for his teammates to help. When he broke clear he
was fast and used stiff arm well, but did not use his knees and twist.
Rankin, who played in 1899 and 1900, was probably the next best
guard, but could hardly be considered the equal of the first two.
A,&\v Gardner of 1905 was also a much better man than people from the
side lines would think. "Bully" Jones, captain in 1903, was a good
guard, but was out of his position at tackle.
Phifer of 1898 was picked by Doctors Lawson and Mangum, as was
Captain Thompson of this year's team; they, however, did not see
Guion and Collier while at their best. I think Phifer not the equal
of either of those, and am relying upon the opinion of "Doggie"
Trenchard in regard to Thompson.
There have been more good tackles at the University than guards.
Roscoe Little of the 1892 and 1893 teams; Jim Baird of the 1894 and
1895 teams; Bob Wright of 1895 and 1896; Frank Foust of 1900-
'01-'02; Frank Bennett of 1896-'00; Romey Story of 1903-'06, and
.Kbernethy of 1905.
Bob Wright of the teams of 1895 and 1896 was six feet four inches
tall, weighed about one hundred and eighty pounds, and was much
the build of Guion, but was a little longer and a little more rangy.
He was strong and quick and used his long arms to perfection in
keeping an end from boxing him, and should his tackle get under
him and lift him out for an opening, Wright's long arms would
reach over and a hand on a canvas jacket was a sure tackle when it
was Wright's fingers that closed upon it. He was never used much
in carrying the ball, but when he did run would come out of the line
with an awkward, kangaroo movement that was apt to bring a gain
to his team. He played football as seriously as he thought and
lived and studied. It was not play to him, but work, and he studied
and worked over it until every movement he made and every step
he took and every ounce of exertion was for a particular purpose. I
have never seen him smile in a game; he was always too busy for
that.
Romey Story, like Wright, made football and tackle, his position,
a study. He was about five feet eleven inches in height and weighed
about one hundred and eighty-five pounds when at his best. He was
a quiet, unassuming country boy when he first went to the Univer-
sity, without a friend on the Hill, but when as captain of the team
of 1896 he died, there was not a man at the University who did not
love him or who was not proud to be called his friend. Story thought
and worked with never a word to any one until he was the leader of
the team, and then you could always hear his clear, clean voice call-
750 History of University of North Carolina.
ing, "All right, all right." A coach never had to tell him a thing
twice, and an opponent never blocked him or got him out of the way
twice in the same manner. He was an aggressive player, and car-
ried the ball particularly well, keeping his feet and struggling as
long as there was an inch that he could gain. He was not particu-
larly fast, but was unusually fast in starting, thus getting the charge
on his man and opening a hole for his backs.
The University has been particularly rich in ends. Away back in
1891 and 1892 the names of Gibbs and Biggs were familiar to every
college man in the South. Gibbs was a thick-set, powerful man of a
hundred and ninety pounds on one side of the line, while Biggs,
later a Superior Court Judge, was fast and active on the other, but
nearly fifty pounds lighter than Gibbs. Next came Gregory and
Merritt, and there was less than a pound difference in their weights
on Thanksgiving Day fifteen years ago. Then in 1898 came Koehler
and in 1900-'01-'02 was Albert Cox. All four of these men weighed
about one hundred and sixty stripped and all were good enough for
any team in the country. "Nat" Townsend of the teams of 1902-
'03-'04-'05 was good but was too light to stand the punishment that
the others could take. "Slip" Brown of 1905 was like most of the
ends that amounted to much at the University; about five feet ten
inches and weighed one hundred and sixty pounds. He was at La-
fayette the year before, and was then picked by Dr. Newton of
Pennsylvania for an All American end. There have been several
good ends since 1905, but none were the equal of the five men that
played at a hundred and sixty pounds.
Edwin Gregory is probably the best of these. He played on the
teams of 1894-'95 and '98. He was fast and strong and active and
always did the right thing. He was captain of his team, the best
second baseman the University ever had, and graduated magna cum
laude. He was always safe, and would have been more brilliant had
he taken more chances. He always got his man when going down
on kicks, and would have been an ideal man for the forward pass,
for his judgment of fly balls was almost an intuition with him.
The next best end, in my opinion, was Koehler, who played end on
the team of 1898. He came to the University ripe in experience,
having played end on the Orange Athletic Club with Prank Coyne.
There he played with and against some of the best football men in
America. He was fast and strong and a more brilliant player than
Gregory, but could not be relied upon so absolutely.
Albert Cox, who was considered by Dr. Lambeth, of Virginia, and
every one at Chapel Hill to be the best end in the South in 1902,
just began to reach his best as his football days ended. Had he
played one year longer he would have rivaled either Gregory or
Koehler. It was unfortunate that he could not play that extra sea-
son after beginning to come into his form.
University Athletics. 751
Bob Winston, captain of the team of 1911, is also a good end, but
has been shifted too much for his own good and didn't come quite
up to expectations this year.
The quarterbacks did not show up so well as the ends. The best
were Barnard in 1892 and 1893; Frank Rogers in 1898; Louis Graves
for the next three years; Jacocks in 1903, and Tom Sadler in 1905.
Sadler would be the best of these were the game as it was five
years ago, as he gave more assistance to his runner than did any
other quarter. He weighed one hundred and sixty-five pounds, was
strong and untiring. Frank Rogers, captain in 1898, ran his team
beautifully, and had he not injured his back, tackling Stephens in
open field three years before, would most probably have been the
best of the quarters.
I think Jacocks would be the most valuable man, as he was, with
the exception of Graves, the best drop kicker yet upon the Hill, and
was the fastest man in college. He weighed about one hundred and
forty-five pounds. He was a good open field tackier, but was easily
hurt, and for that reason would have to be played the last man back
on the defensive.
The best halfbacks since 1890 are Mike Hoke, who is still regarded
as the best captain. He played from 1890 to 1892; George Stephens
in 1893-'94-'95; Jim MacRae in 1897-'98-'99; Hunter Carpenter in 1904.
The best two of these were Carpenter and Stephens. Carpenter
came to Chapel Hill with three years experience from Virginia Poly-
technic Institute. He was five feet ten inches and weighed one hun-
dred and ninety-two pounds, had a barrel-shaped body, short legs
and short arms. He ran with a short stride, almost started at full
speed, took every advantage of his interference, but when in a
broken field was at his best. He always carried a little speed in
reserve and called it into play or changed his course just as the
tackier would get off his balance. He would side step several steps
to the right or left without changing the direction in which his face
was turned, used the stiff arm to perfection, whipping up a knee at
the same time. He unfortunately came a little too early in the
game, as he would have shone still more brilliantly in the open style
of play of today.
George Stephens as he was in 1895 would have made the best run-
ning mate for Carpenter. He had more speed and strength than
Carpenter and was, with the exception of Roy Abernethy, the best
line plunger. He was particularly good in the sharp, quick rushes
through the line or just outside tackle. He did not use his stiff arm,
but would whip up his knees or drive in with his hip and twist in
his own peculiar way. He was particularly good in smothering an
end and for tearing up interference did not have an equal.
The fullbacks to be mentioned are Charles Baskerville of 1892-
'93-'94; George Butler of 1895; Arthur Belden of 1896-'97; Ernest
752 History of University of North Carolina.
Graves of 1898-'99-'00-'01; Earle Holt of 1902; Roy Abernethy of 1895,
and Porter of this year. Every one of these men was exceptionally
good, and all but Baskerville were strong men physically, weighing
in the neighborhood of one hundred and eighty pounds. He was
light — one hundred and forty pounds — but was good. He could
place-kick four out of five balls beyond the goal line from the center
of the field, and I have actually seen him try goals at that distance.
With the exception of Belden he could out-punt any other back. He
was too light for the old smashing play, but was even then one of
the best.
Roy Abernethy was the strongest one of these men physically, and
were the rules the same now as when he was playing, he would be
preeminently the best fullback. Ernest Graves played fullback
three years, but lacked the speed of Abernethy and lacked his.
strength, nor could he kick like Belden.
Arthur Belden, in my opinion, is the best man for fullback with
the rules as they are now. He was about six feet tall and weighed
about one hundred and seventy-five pounds. He was quick in start-
ing and was fast and, with the exception of Jim MacRae, was the
best man for backing up the line on the defensive. He could average
sixty yards in punting, and to my mind was quite the equal of Hodg-
son of Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1909. He never had a kick
blocked due to his own fault or carelessness, and could kick either
the high "floaters" or a low spiral with tremendous carrying power
which was very hard to handle.
The lineup of the All University eleven as I would name it, would
be as follows:
Position. Name. Weight.
L. E Gregory 160
L. T Wright 180
L. G Guion 182
C Cuningham 148
R. G Collier 205
R. T Story 185
R. E Koehler 160
Q. B Jacocks 142
L. H. B Stephens 174
F. B Belden 175
R. H. B Carpenter 192
This eleven, with Gregory as captain, Jacocks for the drop kick-
ing, Belden for the punting, with the two ends going down on each
side of the field, and Cuningham going straight down on kicks,
would make a most difficult team to beat. The team as a whole
could easily run a hundred yards under eleven seconds, and average
one hundred and seventy-three pounds.
University Athletics. 753
Football Record; includes Games of the 1911 Season, excepting
those with our state colleges and mlnor institutions.
University of North Carolina
vs. Total Won Lost Tied
Alabama Polytechnic Institute 3 3
Clemson College 4 2 2
Georgetown University 10 3 5
Lafayette College 1 . . 1
Lehigh University 2 . . 2
Princeton University 1 . . 1
Richmond College 12 12
Rutgers College 1 . . 1
University of the South 5 2 1
University of Georgia 5 4 1
University of Pennsylvania 3 . . 3
University of South Carolina 1 1
University of Tennessee 4 3 1
University of Virginia 17 4 12
United States Navy 3 . . 3
United States Steamship Franklin 1 1
Vanderbilt University 4 3 1
Virginia Military Institute 6 4 1 1
Virginia Polytechnic Institute v 13 2 6 5
Washington and Lee University 7 4 1 2
Total 103 48 42 13
All University Baseball Team.
Finding the article by Dr. Whitaker so interesting I re-
quested him to furnish an estimate of our baseball players. He
has kindly complied. There is no doubt that had the selections
been made by another man "Joe" Whitaker himself would be
found on both teams, as quarterback in football and in the field
in baseball.
In selecting what to my mind would be the best team that could
be selected from all the men who have played upon the baseball
teams at the University, I asked only one man, Dr. Robert Lawson,
of the University Medical School, to aid me. I saw all of the teams
from the early nineties for about ten years, but in the last few
years have not been familiar with the teams there. Dr. Lawson,
however, has been more or less closely associated with the teams
there since about 1898, and is thoroughly capable of judging the
ability of the individuals. He was pitcher in 1898, and captain and
pitcher of baseball team one season after that.
48
754 History of University of North Carolina.
In Dr. Lawson's selection of the All University team and in my
selection, there were only two differences, both of which were in the
outfield. He selected Graham for right field over my selection. As
he was familiar with both men and I did not see Graham in any
games of importance, I readily concede the position to Graham, who
must have been the better man. In the selection of center fielder,
Dr. Lawson did not see Robertson play, while I knew both Robertson
and Lawson's choice well, so gave the position to Robertson, who
justly deserved it. Of course Dr. Lawson did not mention himself
as one of the pitchers, but no one who has ever seen him work will
doubt for a moment his right to be there. In making this selection
and in picking a man for his position, I am considering that man
as he was during his best season, which in one instance was the
Freshman year of the premier first baseman, and I am considering
each individual's ability to keep the other side from scoring and
each man's ability to get runs for his own team, rather than looking
up some old batting averages and fielding records. In other words,
I am getting the team which I think could win most games.
George Stephens in 1894, Bob Lawson, 1898, and Veder Sitton in
1904 were the three best pitchers. Stephens was of a blocky build,
strong, and with a quick, jerky delivery, and it was this peculiar
delivery that would give the batters as much trouble as his speed
and his curves. He was a lefthand pitcher and would start the ball
not with a long freearm swing, but with a quick jerky movement,
and the ball would go by the batter with unexpected speed. His
curves were sharp, and he always used his head. For instance, in
most of the games that Stephens pitched the umpire would stand
near the pitcher's box and Stephens would talk to the umpire during
the game, but would never kick against a decision. When he would
see a batter gripping his bat by the end and crowding the plate he
might say something like this, "See, he is standing too close; here
goes one on a level with his shoulders over the inner corner of the
plate." He would then cut a "straight" one close by the batter's
chin; often the ball would be an inch or two too close or an inch or
two too high, but the idea had already been conveyed to the umpire's
mind that it was just going to be close enough to be called a strike,
and Stephens would often be rewarded by hearing a close one called
a strike. Should the umpire call it a ball, Stephens would never
kick, but after the ball was returned to him would walk back to the
box and say, "That was close, but I moved him back a bit; here goes
a drop over the inner corner about on a level with his knees." He
would never say, "Here goes a drop close to his knees," but would
always say "over the corner of the plate." So he was a psychologist
as well as a pitcher. He was a slugger at the bat. He was good
enough for Ned Hanlon, the famous manager of the three-times
champion Baltimore Orioles to wire him, "Meet us in Washington at
University Athletics. 755
your own price." Stephens refused to go into professional baseball,
and again showed his "head work," for he is now president of the
American Trust Company at Charlotte and one of the State's most
prominent business men.
Bob Lawson, who followed Stephens at the University, was the
greatest curve pitcher. He was free and easy in his movements and
pitched with the greatest ease. His control was almost perfect, and
his drop ball and the control of it was wonderful. Bill D. LeGrand,
who caught Lawson before he entered the University, said Lawson
could pitch drops into a tin can at the distance of pitcher's box. This
was of course an exaggeration, but often when he had three balls
and two strikes on a batter he would pitch a curve, usually to the
batter's astonishment. He hit well, and could have been used by
any college team either at third base or in the outfield. He played
with Boston for a while after leaving the University, but gave up
professional ball upon graduating in medicine and is now connected
with the University Medical School. He batted and threw with
right hand.
Next came Veeder Sitton, who had a great deal of speed and relied
upon this and his "spit" ball rather than his curves. He was hardly
as valuable as either of the other two pitchers, but his number of
strike-outs in some games was remarkable. Against some teams he
would be very effective, their batters having difficulty in hitting the
ball at all. The three pitchers mentioned are easily the best in the
history of the University, though George Green, Bull Thompson,
Red Stewart, and Raymond Lee did unusually well.
For catcher, Jesse Oldham of twenty years ago is still considered
the best. His throwing was quick and accurate and he was a good
man to bat second on the list. He was a lefthand batter and a right-
hand thrower. He was Stephens' catcher, and it was almost impos-
sible to steaL on them. Graves, 1898 to 1900, and Hobbs, who fol-
lowed Graves, were the next best catchers.
Only two first basemen are to be considered, Robert Winston, 1896
to 1899, and Earle Holt, who came just after Winston. Winston, in
1896 was better than Holt at any period. As a Freshman he played
his position beautifully, and although not fast had a batting average
of .476 for the season, which I am pretty sure was better than he
had any year following. Later Winston was used as a pitcher and
caught Sitton when he was pitching. Holt could probably field his
position better than Winston, but was never as valuable as Winston
was in 1896.
Edwin Gregory was the greatest second baseman, covering a great
deal of ground; he played deep, but was speedy and would meet
ground balls quickly. He was strong and nervy, and was particu-
larly good in receiving the ball when a runner was trying to steal
second. He had no fear of being spiked or run over, and would
756 History of University of North Carolina.
make the men going to second slide around him; that is, most men,
but I think he will always remember big Bray, the hundred and
ninety-five pound All American fullback of Lafayette College, the
first time he played against the University and the first time he stole
second. Next to Gregory would come Belden for his hitting, and
Horace Emerson.
At shortstop Ben Stanley, captain of the 1896 and 1897 teams, was
in a class by himself. He was probably the best college base runner
that has ever been in the South, and in the season of 1896 had the
almost unheard of batting average of .630. With his speed and
ability to get started he would turn many apparently easy infield outs
into base hits. Against Yale that year — which, by the way, was the
first time a Southern college had ever beaten Yale — he hit a grounder
directly to Quinbey, the captain and third baseman of the Yale
team, who handled it cleanly and made a perfect throw to first but
not quite quickly enough to keep it from going as a hit against his
pitcher. Stanley led off at the bat, and from his average he was
almost sure to reach first base. Then with Gregory up and the
signal to "sacrifice Stanley down," he would get a start and go on
to third base when Gregory would bunt down the third base line.
From there he would be apt to score, with Winston and Bailey fol-
lowing at the bat. He scored three of the four runs against Vir-
ginia in 1897, and that, his last game at the University, he seemed
almost to run wild on the bases. Once, when he failed to reach first
that day, a Virginia rooter jumped to his feet, waved his hat and
shrieked, "Thank God for that." He was a good fielding shortstop,
but had a good many errors against him; as he covered so much
ground he accepted chances that an ordinary shortstop would have
been unable to reach. He was naturally righthanded, but taught
himself to bat lefthanded against righthanded pitchers, as he would
be better able to bat their curve balls and could get off more quickly
when he started for first base; he would shift to the other side on
a lefthand pitcher. Half the big teams in the country were after
him the season of 1898, but he was then sick with diabetes and died
from it a year later. Graham Woodard was the next most valuable
shortstop.
Burt James, 1905 and 1906, was the best third baseman; he was
quick and could handle balls hard hit and bunts with almost equal
ease. He could throw well and had the enviable average of .360 at
the bat. Harvey Lambeth I think next best.
John McKee, 1897 and 1898, was the best left fielder. He could
go back or come up with equal ability, and was particularly good in
getting the low hard drives that curved toward the foul line. He
was lefthanded at the bat, was fast in reaching first, and a good bat-
ter and base runner.
Archie Graham, about 1899 and 1900, was the best right fielder;
University Athletics. 757
he was faster than either Robertson or McKee, but was no more valu-
able to his team. He was a good batter and good base runner.
Sly Robertson, 1893 and 1894, was the best center fielder. He went
after fly balls by intuition; with only a glance at the ball he would
be off at the crack of the bat and would not turn around or look at
the ball again until he had reached almost the exact spot where it
would land. He seemed to handle a line drive over his head with
almost the same ease that he would an easy fly in front of him. Ten
years after it happened, I heard George Stephens talking of an in-
cident that happened in Robertson's baseball career. It was the last
inning of a game, with one or two runners on base, when the man
at the bat drove a long fly directly over Robertson's head, and every-
one realized that the game was lost should he fail to catch it. Dr.
John Manning, Dean of the Law School, glanced at the ball and
said, "Sly has it," and started for the gate seconds before the ball
landed in Robertson's mit after a spectacular run.
Bull Thompson of the teams of 1906 and 1907 was a good pitcher
and a good outfielder, but not good enough to supplant any of the
men mentioned. Hackney was a good fielding outfielder, but not
good enough on the offense.
Some men of more recent years will quite likely criticize my
selection of so many men of ten years or more ago, but there is this
thing to be considered. The game changed but little since the team
captained and coached by Stanley won the Southern championship.
Then, too, there were then no restrictions against summer ball, and
many of the men learned the finer points of the game by playing
against and with the best college players of the country on the
New Jersey coast teams. Lawson, Stanley, Robertson, Stephens, and
Oldham played there, while John McKee and Gregory improved their
game by playing with Tarboro and Bob "Winston had his own team
in Frankiinton which for years played and beat almost any team
they could find in their neighborhood.
Stephens, Lawson, Sitton Pitchers
Oldham Catcher
Winston First base
Gregory Second base
Stanley Shortstop
James Third base
McKee Left field
Robertson Center field
Graham , Right field
758 History of University of North Carolina.
Baseball Record; includes Games of the ,1911 Season, excepting
those with our state colleges and mlnor institutions.
University of North Carolina
vs. Total Won Lost Tied
Amherst College 5 3 2
Brown University 2 1 1
Catholic University 1 . . 1
Clemson College 3 3
Colgate University 2 1 1
Cornell University 7 4 3
Dartmouth College 2 1 1
Delaware College 5 5
Georgetown University 9 5 4
George Washington University 2 1 1
Harvard University 1 0 0
Hobart College 2 1 1
Johns Hopkins University 2 2
Lafayette College 38 23 13 2
Lehigh University 13 10 2 1
Princeton University 2 . . 2
Richmond College 5 3 2
St. Johns College 5 3 2
Syracuse University 1 1
University of Georgia 11 9
University of Pennsylvania 5 1 4
University of South Carolina 5 5
University of Tennessee 2 2
University of Virginia 38 15 22
University of Vermont 4 1 3
United States Navy 4 1 3
Villanova College 3 2 1
Virginia Polytechnic Institute 2 1 1
Washington and Lee University 8 4 4
William and Mary College 2 2
Yale University 3 1 2
Total 194 111 76 7
Track Athletics.
The remarkable improvement in the condition of track
athletics of late years, mainly due to the fine influence of Mr.
N. J. Cartmell, who took charge as coach in 1910, will be seen
in the following record of the University's team.
University Athletics.
759
Records of Track Team.
1909— University North Carolina vs. Wake Forest Won
University North Carolina vs. Clemson Lost
University North Carolina vs. Washington and Lee . . Lost
State Meet — Wake Forest first, Guilford second, North Caro-
lina third, A. & M. fourth, Davisdon fifth.
1910 — University North Carolina vs. Wake Forest Won
University North Carolina vs. Washington and Lee . . Won
University North Carolina vs. Virginia Polytechnic
Institute Lost
1911 — University North Carolina vs. Virginia Polytechnic
Institute Won
University North Carolina vs. Washington and Lee. .Won
State Meet — Scores: North Carolina, 57; A. & M., 41; Wake
Forest, 19.
South Atlantic Intercollegiate — Virginia first, North Carolina
second, Washington and Lee third.
1912 — University North Carolina vs. Wake Forest Won
University North Carolina vs. Virginia Polytechnic
Institute Won
State Meet — Scores: North Carolina, 673^; Wake Forest, 333^;
A. & M., 24; Davidson, 12; Trinity, 4; Guilford, 2; Elon, 0.
South Atlantic Intercollegiate — -Johns Hopkins first, North Caro-
lina second, A. & M., third, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
fourth, Washington and Lee fifth, Georgetown sixth.
Individual Track Records to 1912.
100-yards dash .
220-yards dash.
440-yards dash .
Half-mile
Mile
Two miles
120-yards hurdles
220-yards hurdles
High jump
Broad jump. . .
Pole vault
Hammer throw
Shot put
. .F. J. Haywood, Jr., '97
J. B.Mason, '12
..J. B. Mason, '12
. .J. F. Hoffman, '11
. .J. F. Hoffman, '10
. .E. V. Patterson, '12
. .E. V. Patterson, '12
..W.M.Wilson, '05
. .W. M. Wilson, '05
. .Philip Woollcott, '12.. ..
..M. E. Blalock, '12
. .G. V. Strong, '12
. .A. M. Atkinson, '11
..W. H. M.Pittman, '07..
; R. W. Winston, Jr., '09;
10 seconds.
22 1/5 seconds.
51 seconds.
2 minutes, 2 4/5 seconds.
4 minutes, 32 4/5 seconds.
10 minutes, 6 2/5 seconds.
16 1/5 seconds.
26 1/5 seconds.
5 feet, 8 inches.
21 feet, 5 % inches.
10 feet, 7 inches.
115 feet.
40 feet, 6 inches.
760 History of University of North Carolina.
Lawn Tennis.
This excellent game has enjoyed a wide popularity since
its introduction. Its most brilliant period was in 1910 when
George M. Fountain (Law) and Charles S. Venable (Sen-
ior) played a series with Randolph-Macon, Richmond, Wash-
ington and Lee, Davidson College, and the University of Vir-
ginia. They won from all in the doubles and lost only one
single. This was to Washington and Lee.
Basketball has been introduced, and the interest taken in
the game is increasing. Creditable teams have been devel-
oped.
Mass Meetings.
The mass meetings held by all the students on the return
of their team from a successful campaign are worthy of notice.
Materials for a huge bonfire are heaped up in the field south
of the Carr Building, the merchants giving freely of their
goods boxes, and other easily burning stuff collected wherever
available. Before kerosene is dashed on the mass a meeting
is held in Gerrard Hall, where each member of the team is
called on for a speech. As may be imagined occasionally is
found one who is more skillful in the support of his task in
the athletic field than in this oratorical exhibition. After these
the members of the Faculty present are greeted with wild en-
thusiastic invitations to have their say, and then students known
to be ready speakers. For example, there were called up at
one of these festivals Captain Osborne, and Messrs. Bennett,
Foust, Rankin of the team, and Messrs. Battle, Hume, Venable,
Baskerville, Graham, Noble, and Henderson of the Faculty.
As might be expected anecdote and brevity are the chief fea-
tures of the oratory. Adjournment is had to the playground,
kerosene oil is thrown on the mountainous pile of inflammable
lumber, the blaze leaps towards the sky, illumining oaks and
buildings and the acres of humanity. College songs are sung,
the boys in procession march around the fire, the ladies with
their colored dresses forming a beautiful fringe around the
dark clothes of the students. When the fire is reduced to dying
coals the company peacefully separates, some to study, some
University Songs and Yells. 761
to gossip, the tired team, in the language of Dick Swiveller,
to "court the balmy." Students of sixty years ago will hardly
believe that the odor of corn whiskey does not taint the air.
There is no dissipation.
I give specimens of the songs and yells used on such oc-
casions and at the games themselves.
Ray! Ray! Rah-Rah!
Carolina,
Carolina,
Hoo-0-0-0 Rah!
Hoo-o-o-o Rah!
Ha! Ha! Ha! Ha!
Carolina,
C-a-r-o-l-i-n-a,
Carolina.
Boom Rah Ray!
Boom Rah Ray!
Carolina 'Varsity,
Si — ss Boom!
Tar Heel!
Hail Carolina.
Tune: "Amici."
Hark, the sound of Tar Heel voices
Ringing clear and true,
Singing Carolina's praises,
Shouting N. C. U.!
choeus :
Hail to the brightest star of all!
Clear in its radiance shine;
Carolina, priceless gem,
Receive all praises thine.
'Neath the oaks thy sons true hearted,
Homage bring to thee,
Timeworn walls gave back their echo —
Hail to U. N. C!
Though the storms of life assail us,
Still our hearts beat true,
Naught can break the friendships formed at
Dear old N. C. U.!
762 History of University of North Carolina.
Yackety Yack, Hooray! Hooray!
Yackety Yack, Hooray! Hooray!
Carolina 'Varsity,
Boom Rah! Boom Rah!
Car-o-li-na.
I'm a Tar Heel born,
I'm a Tar Heel bred,
And when I die,
I'm a Tar Heel dead.
chorus :
Rah, Rah, Carolina — lina!
Rah, Rah, Carolina — lina!
Rah, Rah, Carolina,
Rah! Rah! Rah!
Athletic Rules.
The athletic rules are carefully drawn to prevent profes-
sionalism and discourage inattention to study, and are now
( 1912) as follows:
No student will be allowed to take part in athletic contests, con-
certs, debates, etc., entailing absence from the University, whose
parent or guardian objects to such participation.
A student who was in attendance upon the University during a
previous term or session must have passed satisfactory examinations
upon at least eight hours of work before he will be allowed to repre-
sent the University in any athletic contest or in any other public
capacity.
No student reported as deficient in a majority of his classes may
participate in any athletic contest or otherwise publicly represent
the University, until the deficiency is made good.
No team or club will be allowed to be absent from the University
for more than ten lecture days during the term.
The manager of each athletic team or musical club shall submit
to the Athletic Committee or to the President a schedule of all en-
gagements before positive arrangements are made.
The rules governing the eligibility of players are as follows :
I. Before any student can become a member or a substitute mem-
ber of any athletic team in the University, and take part in any
intercollegiate contest, he must make application to the Committee
on Athletics in the University and secure the endorsed approval of
that committee to his application. It shall be the duty of the Ath-
Athletic Rules. 763
letic Committee to have the executive officers of the University
endorse such application to the effect that the applicant is a regular
student of the University, registered on or before October 12 of the
fall session.
II. It shall be the duty of the Athletic Committee to inquire into
and make a record of the athletic experiences of the applicant, and
it shall be the duty of the applicant to appear before the committee
and answer on his honor such questions as the committee may see
fit to ask.
III. It shall be the duty of the Athletic Committee to require a
pledge in writing of the applicant, certifying on his honor that he
has never accepted, directly or indirectly, remuneration, compensa-
tory gift, valuable consideration, or promise thereof, for his athletic
services, and that he is in the proper and strict sense of the word
an amateur player in collegiate athletic sports, before the committee
endorses his application.
IV. No student of this University who has been a member or a
substitute member of a baseball or football team at another college
or university shall be permitted to become a member of either base-
ball or football team at this University during the session in which
he matriculates and until he shall have been a student in residence
at this University for at least five months.
V. No person whose name is in the faculty list or appears in the
catalogue list of officers of instruction and administration of the
University, and who receives a remuneration therefrom, shall be a
member of any athletic team representing the University.
VI. Whereas, a member of an athletic team of this University is
a representative student and enjoys special honor in thus represent-
ing the University, this privilege shall be withheld from any student
whose scholastic standing is discreditable.
VII. Any student who has participated as a player on a college
team in either football or baseball for a period of four years shall
thereafter be ineligible for such athletic contests of the University.
CHAPTER IX.
Walks About Chapel Hill.
In closing my sketches I think it may interest my readers to
be introduced to some of the notable points in the neighbor-
hood of the town.
The site of the University, as has been explained, was once
called New Hope Chapel Hill. It was nearly all densely cov-
ered with forest, a favorite region with hunters, who had their
deer stands along the paths between the valleys oi the
creeks to the north and south of the ridge. The road from
Petersburg and that from New Bern crossed one another a
hundred yards or so in front of the village schoolhouse. Ac-
cording to tradition on the northeast corner of the cross was a
chapel of the Church of England, attached to St. Matthew's
Church, Hillsborough. The minister, Parson Micklejohn, ad-
hered to the British in the Revolutionary War, and hence
the chapel, losing its preacher, went to decay and ruin. The
wife of Rev. Dr. James Phillips remembered seeing some of
the fragments strewing the ground in 1826. The Trustees of
the University, in 1793, established a village out of the lands
donated to them, and called it after the second half of the
original name, selling the lots at auction, as is detailed in the
first volume of this History.
The hill is an upheaval of granitic rock, like to the Lauren-
tian system, i. e., the system of rocks about the River St. Law-
rence, or St. Laurentius. It is a part of the coast line of a
primeval arm of the ocean, some two hundred and fifty feet
lower than the country west of it. This arm is here sixteen
miles wide ; the eastern coast is lower than the western. In
the course of time the bottom was elevated by some subter-
ranean force and became dry land. Durham is situated on
this ancient sea bottom. The rains falling on the Chapel Hill
plateau run off by numerous brooks into two creeks, that on
the north being Bowlin's, and that on the south, Morgan's
Creek. These brooks and creeks have cut up the land into
Chapel of the Cross, Episcopal
The Arboretum
Walks About Chapel Hill. 765
deep and sinuous ravines, and, therefore, there is a vast
wealth of lovely flowers, gray crags, noble trees, graceful
curves of hills, and beautiful, diversified scenery.
The town is about a mile from the primeval sea. The
eastern extremity of the ridge on which it is situated is like a
promontory jutting into the sea. It was by General Davie,
the "Father of the University," called Point Prospect. In old
times point was pronounced pi-int, and hence, the neighbors,
seeing on its summit some lofty pines, mistook the name for
Piney Prospect. From this summit is one of the loveliest
views east of the Blue Ridge. In the distance can be seen
the steeples and chimneys of Durham and the lofty trees near
Apex and Cary, while the smoke of the locomotives on the
North Carolina and Raleigh and Augusta Air Line railroads
curls gracefully over the horizon. Raleigh is about two hun-
dred feet lower than the eastern coast of the primeval sea, and
is, therefore, invisible, but whenever sky scraping rockets are
sent up by its jovial citizens, their flame plainly flashes above
the horizon. "The wave of woods and cornfields, and the
abodes of men scattered at intervals," in the wide expanse be-
low the observer, remind him of Byron's Dream.
On the crown of Piney Prospect hill, within a circular area,
is a round rock with red stains on its surface, which is the
mythical tomb of Peter Dromgoole. About a hundred yards
to the north is a gray rock in the shape of a chair, just large
enough for two, called the-"Lovers' Chair." To the south, fol-
lowing a winding, rocky path which leads by the rifle pits dug
by Wheeler's Cavalry as they retreated before Kilpatrick's pur-
suing column, then going down the hill and crossing the Ra-
leigh road, the walker conies to "Miss Fannie's Spring." By
this spring, according to Hamberlin's beautiful poem, Drom-
goole and his lady love often sat discoursing sweet nothings.
About a mile toward the northeast from Piney Prospect, on
what was evidently an inlet in the ancient sea, is a copse of
woods on a hillside. Near its center is a cluster of massive
rocks, closed on three sides and partially covered overhead by
the beetling cliff. In this dismal retreat a runaway slave,
named Tom Moreran, lav hidden for manv months, emereinsr
766 History of University of North Carolina.
at night to subsist by robbery. Such terror was caused by
his depredations that a force of men, armed with shotguns,
scoured the forest, succeeded in finding the hiding place
and capturing the robber. This is the "Robber's Den," or
"Black Tom's Lair." With boyish curiosity I visited it the day
after his capture and gazed with awe and pity on his bed of
leaves, his shoemaker's bench, the charred firelogs and the
bones of pigs and fowls, relics of his lawless life. He ran
away because he had been sold to a speculator and was un-
willing to be carried to a distant Southern plantation.
Toward the south, about a mile from Piney Prospect, is the
plantation devised to the University by its last owner, Mrs.
Mar}- Elizabeth (Morgan) Mason, for the education of poor
students. The portraits in oil of her daughter and of their
father, Rev. James Pleasant Mason, are, as requested in the
mother's will, hanging in the University Library, and the Trus-
tees have added hers to the collection. The plantation is one
of the best in the county. On it is the burial lot of her family,
in which, beside others, is a handsome white marble monu-
ment erected by the University in accordance with the wishes
of the testatrix.
On the south side of Morgan's Creek on this plantation, is
one of the famous Laurel Hills. Here in addition to trailing
arbutus is a fine growth of the handsome evergreen shrub, the
botanical name of which is Rhododendron Caiawbicnsc. Pro-
fessor Asa Gray, in one of his books, says that this species
never is found below eighteen hundred feet above sea level.
But one of our professors. Dr. F. W. Simonds, sent him speci-
mens from Laurel Hill and he promptly acknowledged his error.
Another Laurel Hill is near the mill of Henderson Oldham,
which our oldest alumni knew as Barbee's, our elderly alumni
as Cave's, and our middleaged as King's Mill. These hills are
about six hundred feet above sea level. To them annual pil-
grimages are made by young men and maidens, intent on de-
spoiling the plants of their beauteous treasures. Occasionally
the naiads by way of punishment turn over the slippery stones
in the creek crossing under the tripping feet of the damsels and
send them drenched and disconsolate homeward.
Walks About Chapel Hill. j6j
Half a mile above the mill is a lovely defile, between ver-
dured hills, where the water sings gaily among the sweet odors
of yellow jasmine and the bright colors of woodbine. This
is "Otey's Retreat." Here, about three-quarters of a century
ago, a young University tutor spent much of his time studying
his books, or romantically recalling the image and the words
of his ladylove, Miss Eliza Pannill. Sometimes, loverlike, they
strolled in that glen. The lady was kindly and it was not many
years before she journeyed across the mountains, the wife of
James Hervey Otey, later Bishop of Tennessee.
Higher up Morgan's Creek, at the Pittsboro road crossing,
is Purefoy's Mill, famous in the old days, before railroads
came, as Merritt's Mill, whose brand of flour was much sought
after in our eastern counties. The pond here was, until the
dam was recently washed away, a lovely sheet of water and
was much used by the students when swimming or skating
was the fashion.
Still higher up on this stream, on its western bank, is a
notable hill declared by Professor Cobb to be the extinct crater
of a volcano. Suspicion hath it that in this neighborhood, in
a still wilder and more secluded spot, there was not long ago
another kind of "cratur," not at all extinct, but alive with all
the fiery headiness of moonshine "old corn" whiskey. But the
Professor and his geological class did not chance to look that
"cratur" in the mouth.
We will now cross the ridge toward the north, and descend
into the valley of Bowlin's Creek. Rising to the north we see
the Iron Mountain, where excavations show a goodly quantity
of valuable ore, but up to this time too far from coal to be
merchantable. We pass the University water works and come
to a most romantic defile, called Glenburnie. In it was the
oldest pre-Revolutionary mill in this section, called Yeargin's.
The mud sill may still be seen. Along the stream on the south
is a lovely path among countless ferns, which I name the Fern
Bank walk.
Descending the stream we come to the site of the "Valley
Mill Pond" with "Clover Hill" overhanging it. Here was once
a beauteous sheet of water, a favorite for swimming and
768 History of University of North Carolina.
skating and much visited by those fond of walking. But,
alas ! the dam was carried off by a freshet and has not been
rebuilt. Steam replaces falling water in the mill.
Below the mill the valley widens. On the north is a long
hill, in some places very steep, named after the first president,
Dr. Joseph Caldwell, who, although a good Christian, was
called, because of his skill in capturing wicked students, "Old
Bolus," i. e., Dia-bolus, or the devil. Mount Bolus gives a
lovely view down the stream and in the distance, and is the
home of gay colored flowers.
The hill on the south, opposite Bolus, was once distinguished
by one great solitary pine, the last survivor of many. On
the hillside is a beautiful fountain, gushing freely into a natural
stone basin. This ''Lone Pine Spring," as it is named, is the
best specimen of a mountain spring in this neighborhood. The
name is no longer appropriate. A great sleet broke off
branches of the Lone Pine. Insects attacked these branches
and then killed the parent tree.
There was fifty years ago on the south side of Bowlin's
Creek, opposite the east end of Mt. Bolus, a farmhouse in-
habited by the slaves of Professor Green, but prior to his
ownership by Benjamin Yeargin, one of the donors of the
University site. My father, Judge William H. Battle, told me
that in this dwelling, so remote from the University buildings,
he and also President Polk and other students had their table
board, walking to their meals three times a day.
The hills on this plantation, now known as Tenney's, afford
a very distinct view of Durham, especially of Trinity College.
Those hills and Piney Prospect were the favorite goals
of afternoon strollers in the old clays. Some deflected to the
northwest and visited ''Love Rocks," a fine cluster of boulders
in the grove which is between Tenney's and the town. Others
went off to the southeast by a winding path into the woods
east of Professor Williams' residence, and found at the bottom
of the hill a lovely spring, with the grand name of "Roaring
Fountain."
We are now near Battle Park, so called because the paths
permeating it were cut by a former President of the University
Walks About Chapel Hill. 769
with his "little hatchet," as a recreation from his anxious Uni-
versity work. Seats may be found here, the localities
bearing such romantic names as Trysting Poplar, Anemone
Spring, Fairy Vale, Lion Rock, the Triangle, Over-Stream
Seat, Vale of lone, Glen Lee, Woodthrush Home, Dogwood
Dingle, Flirtation Knoll. One of the loveliest walks that can
be found is through the southern edge of the Park to Piney
Prospect, then by a winding path northward to the brook, then
up its meanderings to the village, about two and a half miles
in all. After crossing the brook for the first time, a curving
path to the north leads to the grounds of the Country Club.
The well-kept village cemetery has some interesting
monuments of students who died far away from their homes,
of venerable men and excellent women, of a gallant Confeder-
ate Colonel, Edward Mallett, a son of the University, killed
at Bentonville, in one of the last battles of the Civil War,
and buried in his bloody uniform.
Taking a road running in a southerly direction near the east
wall of the cemetery, and, after following it for three-eighths
of a mile, then deviating to the right by a path through a
growth of young pines, the pedestrian will reach a most ro-
mantic spot, the "Meeting of the Waters," where Chapel
Branch and Rockspring, or Brickyard, Branch come together
among numerous gray rocks. The dense shade of the lofty
trees, the musical murmur of the tumbling streams, the high
bluffs covered with mosses and ferns, hepaticas and heart
leaves, the rustling of the leaves of the treetops, and the perfect
calm below, make this an ideal place for lovers of Nature.
I point out two more places of interest. One is the "Mineral
Spring," near the point where Professor Holmes' beautiful,
well graded new road curves away from the steep and rocky
old Durham Road. The other is the "Point of Rocks," about
ten steps on the west of the Hillsborough Road, a little north
of Mr. John Ward's dwelling. It is said that a residence is
shortly to be erected on this eminence. If this be true the
beauties of this spot may not be open to the public.
I wrote the above for the Yackety Yack of 1897. The present
editors kindly allow me to reproduce it. I add points of in-
terest not therein described.
49
yyo History of University of North Carolina.
Standing on Piney Prospect the observer sees about two
miles toward the east, a high hill, evidently an island a
hundred thousand years ago, rising above the waters of the old
Triassic Sea. It was called in our old times the "Mountain."
It was the residence of one of the donors of the University
site, Christopher Barbee. He was succeeded in the ownership
by his son, William Barbee, at one time a Member of the House
of Commons. William Barbee had one son, who died without
issue, and four sprightly daughters, who enlivened the Moun-
tain with the gaiety of picnics, and beaux coming and going.
One married Ilai Nunn, a skilled performer on the violin, and
their residence on a lofty eminence north of the village gave
the name to Nunn's Hill.
One of our professors, imbued with romantic ideas, resolved
to build a residence on Piney Prospect, where he could feast
his eyes, when not gazing on the unromantic faces of the dis-
ciples of Themis, on the glorious views stretching towards the
east. With the foresight becoming one engaged in the instruc-
tion of youth, he resolved to begin by searching for water.
With pick and shovel and with rending dynamite his laborers
started on the journey towards China. After a fruitless delv-
ing of eighty feet the project was abandoned. The bottom
was as dry as a lifeless sermon.
A rival to Piney Prospect has been found by Dr. W. C.
Coker. South of the Piney Prospect promontory across the
Raleigh road is another rocky eminence. This he has pur-
chased and on its highest knob he has erected a lofty observa-
tion tower and called it the Battle Tower, in accordance with
the following letter :
Dear Doctor Battle: — To express in some slight way the regard
in which I hold you, and my appreciation of the wonderful influence
you have always exerted towards simple living and the enjoyment
of Nature, I have erected in your honor an observation tower on my
Rocky Ridge Farm. Very sincerely yours, W. C. Coker.
It is needless to say that the honor was accepted with grateful
thanks.
From this tower can be seen the country stretching to Dur-
ham, Cary, Apex, and points still farther east, and in addition
Walks About Chapel Hill. 771
the eminences near University Station and the Occoneechee
Mountain near Hillsboro. The distant mountains, Blackwood
and Ball on the northwest, and Laurel Hill and many unnamed
peaks on Morgan Creek are in sight. University buildings and
Faculty residences are in the view and it may be said that, al-
though the point lacks the enchantment of the distances of the
mountains the beauty is present in a high degree.
"The Meeting of the Waters" can be pleasantly reached in
two ways. One has been already described. The other takes
the wood road on the right, or west of the cemetery, going
straight forward until the "Brickyard Branch" is reached, and
following the path down this, which I have named the "Dis-
appearing Stream" because at some places it dives under the
ground, to the "Meeting of the Waters." The other stream
contributing to this name is Chapel Branch, so called because
of its source in "Chapel Spring," named from the ante-Revolu-
tionary worshippers quenching their thirst from its cool waters.
The walk up Chapel Branch is delightful, by high bluffs,
among heart leaves, anemones, ferns, stellarias, tiarellas, irises,
and other small, beautiful plants. Lofty beeches, their bark
covered with the initials of students vainly seeking perpetual
fame, overhang the everwinding stream and give a grateful
shade at all hours of the day.
About a quarter of a mile above the Meeting of the Waters
the path forks, that on the right up hill takes you back to the
village by way of the road west of the colored cemetery. That
on the left crosses the stream by a natural bridge of rock,
thence winds up a ravine full of green plants, and comes sud-
denly to a beautiful spring, which I have named "Judge's
Spring." This spring was walled up with heavy stones as long
ago as 1841 by Judge Robert P. Dick, then a student of the
University, his object being to have a quiet place for study,
when the weather allowed outdoor reading. It is in as good
order as it was seventy years ago. Near it are abundant irises
and hepaticas, and ferns four feet high and numerous others
of a smaller growth.
Instead of returning to the east end of town the pedestrian,
by going through the woods straight up the hill from the
y*]2 History of University of North Carolina.
spring in a southern direction, will come to a wagon road, not
now often traveled, and by taking the right, i. e., west, he will
reach the village by way of the schoolhouse.
If the pedestrian wishes a longer walk he can go by the rail-
road station into the Greensboro Road, and after about three
miles he will find himself opposite the crest of a lofty hill
on the north. Going to the top he will, if he is a skillful
woodsman, find an old tombstone, on some crumbling bricks.
On the slab are words commemorating the death of John
Taylor, a Hero of 1776.
This John Taylor, contrary to the usage of this day, which
attaches the nickname to those named William, was known as
Buck Taylor. He was a grim, bold man with the reputation
of a fighter. On his deathbed he directed that he should be
buried on this rocky ridge so that his grave would not take up
any good arable land, and secondly, so that he could watch the
negroes and see that they did not shirk work. There is a
legend that, as he had according to his lights lived uprightly, he
requested that his body should be buried upright, but this
request was not granted. Owing to the superstitious tempera-
ment of the colored race, in truth of all races, of that day, it is
altogether likely that his plan secured honest labor.
Buck Taylor has the distinction of having been the first
steward of the University. His granddaughter married Mr.
Ralph H. Graves, the father of our able and lamented Pro-
fessor of Mathematics, Ralph H. Graves.
Another interesting long walk is by the Pittsboro Road and
Purefoy's Mill. At the top of the hill after passing the mill the
road forks, the right going to Pittsboro and the left to Fayette-
ville. About a mile along the latter from the fork is Williams
Chapel, erected by the daughters of Rev. Dr. J. W. M. Wil-
liams, of Baltimore, a beneficent charity to this neighbor-
hood. Here is a lovely view of scenery not in sight from
Piney Prospect or the Battle Tower.
There is a road leading east from a point near this chapel
by way of the Mason farm to the Raleigh Road. It passes by
the residence of an excellent colored man, Henderson Oldham,
the owner of the mill above mentioned. From the knoll on
Walks About Chapel Hill. 773
which his residence is situate is one of the finest prospects
around Chapel Hill.
I could name other walks of interest but content myself with
pointing out one too long for the ordinary pedestrian. Five
miles from Chapel Hill near the Oxford Road, on New Hope
Creek, is a very remarkable and interesting formation. It is
called the Cliffs. The trap rock has been hollowed out by
many freshets into picturesque shapes. It should by all means
be visited.
The Chapel Hill of the present indulges in the modern lux-
uries of electric lights, telephones and a system of sewerage.
Many new residences have been erected and the forest and
groves have been to some degree encroached upon. A Country
Club has been formed by sundry citizens, principally connected
with the University, who play golf and tennis and have occa-
sional pleasant meetings. But the beauties of the streets and
of the romantic walks in the fields and forests of the neighbor-
hood have not been seriously impaired.
Roaring Fountain, a favorite resort of young couples in old
times, gave rise to an amusing controversy. In the early
eighties Professor Winston, after spending without satisfac-
tory results, much money on sinking a well on his premises,
undertook to procure a supply of water from Roaring Foun-
tain by means of a hydraulic ram. The experiment was par-
tially successful but failed in that the water was too much
warmed by its long journey up hill. On a disaster to the
pipes the Professor gave up the project.
Mrs. C. P. Spencer, having resorted to the spring from girl-
hood, was horrified at its being put to utilitarian uses and,
partly in earnest, partly in jest, wrote the "Complaint of the
Naiad," which I subjoin. President Winston burlesquely re-
plied, putting the answer into the mouth of a Bull Frog, but I
have been unable to procure a copy. I fear it is lost. Perhaps
I ought to add that Mrs. Spencer and President Winston were
always such warm friends that not even a Ram hydraulic
could butt the tie asunder.
774 History of University of North Carolina.
THE COMPLAINT OF ^EGLE, NAIAD OP ROARING FOUNTAIN.
ADDRESSED TO PROFESSOR WINSTON, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.
Age after age adown their narrow glen
Content, I've watched these crystal waters gliding,
My lot assigned me far from haunts of men,
Linked with this spring, and o'er its fate presiding.
Only, when dews were falling, forth I roved,
To join full many a Naiad gaily dancing
Among these hills and by the streams we loved,
With moon and starlight on the waters glancing.
We saw the night birds one by one come forth,
We heard the Whip-poor-will his woes revealing,
We watched the flying meteors of the North,
We saw the fox from out his covert stealing.
Our hills we loved, and every flower and bird.
We welcomed to our springs each wildwood rover,
The squirrel chattering as the wildcat stirred,
Watching the startled deer leap lightly over.
Full oft the Red Man, wearied from the chase,
Would stop to taste our pure and cooling waters,
And, as she bounded by with careless grace,
We caught the glances of his dark eyed daughter.
Long years had passed ere the Pale Faces came
From far across the sea, and plain, and mountain;
'Twas they who gave my native spring a name,
And to this day men call it "Roaring Fountain."
Our lives were harmless. Fed by Nature's hand,
Within the hills' recess our springs were nourished;
With theirs we knew our feeble lives to stand,
Failed when they ebbed and strengthened when they flourished.
Nature alone has fed the Naiad's stream,
On Nature's laws alone we place reliance, —
Would any but a fossil schoolman deem
A fountain should have aught to do with science?
Ye gods! a ditch — and pipe — within my valley!
My prattling stream no more allowed to frolic.
And when from my sweet spring's recess I sally,
Instead of deer I see a Ram — hydraulic.
Poem by Rev. Mark J. Levy. 775
Has he, who thus a Naiad's haunt invades,
No touch of classic lore and sweet illusion,
No tender memories of the storied glades
Of poets, and the fount Bandusian?
I call on all the gods of earth and air, —
Dear Mother Nature, aid my invocation! —
Come, all ye powers and nymphs, and here declare
On this hydraulic Ram an execration.
Fill it with gravel, all its pipes with clay,
Retard the waters it would fain be sending
To that man's house, and let no future day
E'er grant this project vile a prosperous ending.
The following note from President Battle to Mrs. Spencer
shows the fulfilment of the prayer :
Mrs. Spexcer:
The Naiad
Avenged!
Water left
In the Pipes
Last night
Froze and they
"Busted."
I close the second volume of my History with a poem by
Rev. Mark John Levy founded on the prayer uttered by Dr.
Samuel E. McCorkle when delivering the first University
address, at the laying of the cornerstone of the Old East Build-
ing, October 12th, 1793.
CHAPEL HILL.
"May this hill be for religion as the ancient hill of Zion; and for
literature and the muses, may it surpass the ancient Parnassus!" —
History of the University of North Carolina, p. 40, Vol. I.
With a seer's prophetic vision
Thus McCorkle spake of yore;
And the heavenly arches echoed
"Amen" to our sun-lit shore:
"As on Zion's hill of beauty,
Lord of hosts, we worship Thee,
yy6 History of University of North Carolina.
Joyous in our nation's freedom,
Free in mind, in spirit free.
"So the cornerstone of freedom
Here we lay at wisdom's gate,
Dedicating thus to virtue
Th' Alma Mater of our State.
"May our sons the cup of learning
Take from out our willing hand;
And with us remember Zion
In our own dear Fatherland.
"As the muses at Parnassus
Woke to song divinely sweet,
May the odes of Carolina
East and western nations greet.
"Hence on all the sons of Adam
May the orb of freedom glow,
As the Golden Age approaches
When the swords our fields shall plow.
"See in vision villas rising
On the rose encircled ground;
Stately walls and spires ascending
Where the campus trees abound!
"Doctors face in halls of learning,
Students twice two thousand strong,
Who from near and distant cities
To our lovely hilltop throng!
"Matrons beauteous as the summer,
Children like a vernal day,
Cheer the home-devoted student
With the light of friendship's ray!
"Pulpit, clinic, senate chamber,
And the courts of law await
Righteous leaders from this Zion,
Cultured center of our State!"
Do we justify the vision
That our holy seer unrolled?
Are our hopes as pure and brilliant
As our fathers' were of old?
Poem by Rev. Mark J. Levy. jyy
Goes the Cross of Christ before us?
Is the laurel on our brow?
Are the heavens and earth responding
"Amen" to our vision now?
We must worship with a passion
For the glory of the Lord
That will strike a note triumphant
From each sweet Davidic chord!
We must study with a courage
Like to men of ancient Troy,
And the root of sluggish languor
In our inmost soul destroy!
Games must prove us lion-hearted,
Social life serene and pure,
If McCorkle's saintly vision
Eden-tinted shall endure!
Then as Zion and Parnassus,
Famed for worship, lore and song,
Will this hill of Carolina
To love's laurel'd hills belong.
Maek Johx Levy.
Chapel Hill, N. C, April, 1911.
CORRIGENDA ET ADDENDA
To Volume I.
President Swain is said to have had a deeply religious nature.
He often spoke feelingly of a touching sermon of Dr.
James Phillips on Christ's Atonement. The evening before
his death he repeated the Lord's Prayer and remarked on its
beauty.
Up to a few minutes before the end came he had hopes of a
recovery. He died at 9 :oo o'clock the morning of the 27th
of August, 1868, and was buried at the same hour August
29th. The sermon was preached by Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips
on the text, "Thy will be done." There were many colored
people gathered in the yard and practically all the white inhab-
itants of the village. There were present also ex-Governor
Graham, Messrs. Paul C. Cameron, and James F. Taylor. The
pall bearers were Rev. Dr. F. M. Hubbard, Prof. H. H. Smith,
Col. Hugh B. Guthrie, Mr. Jones Watson, Mr. P. H. McDade,
Judge W. H. Battle, and Mr. Crocker. He was buried by the
side of his daughter under the tall cedars in his garden.
The Faculty strongly testified to the value of his labors as
President of the University. They say, "In our long associa-
tion we have had perpetual occasion to admire his earnest devo-
tion to its interest, the wise forecast of his plans for its advance-
ment, the mild firmness of his discipline, and his singular power
of winning the confidence and affection of his pupils."
Mrs. Spencer's tribute to the kindness of his heart and man-
ner is not exaggerated — "Perhaps there was not one in the con-
gregation who had not experience of his justice, kindness, and
honesty, of his gentle, genial humor, of his wide and hearty
sympathy, of his promptness to assist, relieve, and help ; hardly
a child who had not received evidence of his benignity and good
humor."
President Swain had charge of the University in very trou-
blous times, in peace and in war, and there must be accorded to
him a high place in the history of Southern Education.
Corrigenda et Addenda. . 779
On page 2 of Volume I it is stated that the belief that
Waightstill Avery was the author of the clause in the Con-
stitution of 1776, commanding a University, was founded on
tradition. On the authority of President Swain, a man very
learned in our State history, I now state it as a fact.
On page 31 Samuel Morgan, in the second paragraph, is a
misprint for Lemuel Morgan. It was his nephew, Samuel, who
informed the Lord in prayer that the bad tales told on him
were d — d lies.
On page 35, General Lee's birth, by a lapsus pcnna, is stated
to have been on October 12. This was the day of his death;
born January 19, 1806.
The statement on page 771 of Volume I that Mr. John W.
Fries did not obtain honors in the Junior Class of 1868 is
literally true and yet makes an erroneous impression in regard
to his class standing. The truth is that he was a first honor
man but did not return to stand his examinations and hence
could not be credited with class standing in the reports. He
was a diligent and very successful student.
On page 786 Patrick Henry should be Patrick Henry Win-
ston. He was father of Dr. George T. Winston, President
successively of two Universities and a State College, of Lieu-
tenant-Governor and Judge Francis D. Winston, and of Judge
Robert \Y. Winston.
In the list of graduates of the Class of 1855, on Pa&e 8°7> is
mentioned "Carrington, a Captain." This is a type mistake
for "Carrigan" — Robert A. Carrigan, Captain C. S. A., once
of Alamance, but whose father emigrated to Arkansas.
There are some facts in regard to Dr. J ames Phillips, omitted
in my first volume, which should be recorded.
He was born at Xewenden, Essex County, England, April
22, 1792. His father belonged to the Established Church of
England and was Rector of the Parish of Roche in Cornwall,
from 1800 to 1837. He had the fortune of seeing, in 1814.
780 History of University of North Carolina.
the great Napoleon when a prisoner of war on the Bellerophon
in Plymouth Harbor. He emigrated to the United States in
1818. He became a teacher at Harlem, New York, and soon
became well known in mathematical circles by solving prob-
lems propounded in scientific journals. He won the warm re-
gard of Rev. Robert Adrain, Professor of Mathematics in the
University of Pennsylvania, who pronounced him the "most
inexorable mathematician" of his acquaintance. He married
an accomplished daughter of an old and honorable family,
Miss Julia Vermeule, and their three children were born in
Harlem. In 1826 he became Professor of Mathematics in the
University of North Carolina, succeeding Dr. Mitchell, trans-
ferred to Geology and Mineralogy.
It was much the fashion in those days for professors to take
on themselves clerical duties. Accordingly Mr. Phillips was
licensed in 1830 and ordained in 1835. He was for years
"Stated Supply" at New Hope Church and for a less time at
Chapel Hill, and he often visited "weak churches."
The University conferred on him the degree of Doctor of
Divinity (D.D.), in 1851, while he was a Visitor at West Point.
In all his work he was singularly neat, accurate, and thorough.
The following information in regard to a student of i845-'46
reached me recently.
William H. Moore was commissioned as Surgeon in the
Confederate Army in November, 1861 ; was in the field as
Brigade Surgeon for eighteen months. The last two years of
the war he was Surgeon in Charge of the Confederate Hos-
pital at Greensboro, N. C. ; and by request of the Federal Sur-
geon in Charge remained until October, 1865. After being
largely instrumental in procuring the establishment of the
Eastern Asylum for the Colored at Goldsboro he was appointed
Superintendent in 1880. He died in 1881.
Among those who entered the Class of i86o-'6i, but did not
graduate, was William Henry Day, of Halifax. He was a
Captain C. S. A., and a lawyer of distinction, a member of
the Legislature, a Trustee of the University, and Superintend-
ent of the State Prison. He died October 31, 1908.
Corrigenda et Addenda. . 781
Although I endeavored to ascertain by inquiries for my first
volume all the fraternities in the University prior to and during
the war, I find that one at least was omitted. This was the Phi
Kappa Sigma, the Lambda chapter of which was flourishing
from 1856 to 1862. It had a very honorable career. In the
Confederate service it had two Colonels, two Majors, twelve
Captains, three Surgeons, eight Lieutenants, two Sergeants,
and ten privates. Of its members nine were killed in battle.
Four others died in service. One was a Member of Congress,
three were State Senators, three Judges of the Federal or
State Superior Courts, one was a Probate Judge, and two were
professors of colleges.
After the Reopening, in 1875, this fraternity was the first to
be reinstated, but the local Chapter has not been in existence
now for many years. Its members of the seventies and
eighties were, most of them, leaders then and are leaders now.
As there has been some merriment, if not surprise, at many
of the pranks of students recounted in my first volume, I give
specimens of similar pranks at Columbia University, then
King's College, in the old days just prior to the Revolution.
"Shreve, Abraham, and Bogart, confined in college for taking
teacups out of another student's room and denying that they
knew anything of them. — N. B. Shreve the most culpable."
"Shreve reprimanded publicly for having come through a
hole in the College fence at 12 o'clock at night."
"Shreve suspended for absenting himself the second after-
noon of examination.*"
"Shreve suspended by the President for coming over the
College fence at 11 130 o'clock last night."
And yet Shreve got his diploma and entered the ministry.
A degradation by the Board of Governors for "different
heinous offences" was made and two months later the offenders
were restored with a most complimentary notice.
"In 1772 Robinson spit in the cook's face, kicked him and
otherwise abused him. For thus insulting and maltreating the
cook and for neglect in his collegiate exercises * * * he was
confined by the Committee, after being publicly reprimanded,
782 History of University of North Carolina.
and ordered not to go beyond the college fence for the space of
two weeks, and perform such exercises as the President should
assign, beside the usual duty."
"On July 8 Douglas for stealing eight sheets of paper and
a pen knife was reprimanded in the College Hall before all the
students, and after having his gown stripped by the porter, he
was ordered to kneel down and read a paper containing an
acknowledgment of his crime, expressing much sorrow for it,
and promising amendment for the future. He was then for-
bidden to wear his gown or cap for one week."
"Remsen for beating Nichols, was ordered to ask Nichols's
pardon before the students, was also confined to college till the
following Saturday evening, and enjoined to translate into
English the 21st, 22d, 23d, and 24th chapters of the third book
of selectee profanis, besides his usual collegiate exercises."
Probably our University's bad boys were no better and no
worse than those of other institutions. Insubordination and
recklessness were "in the air." The French Revolution was
an illustration of it.
Addenda to Volume II.
On April 30, 1889, m accordance with the proclamation of
the President, a thanksgiving and praise service in honor of
the Centennial of the Inauguration of Washington as Presi-
dent of the United States, was held in Gerrard Hall. Mr.
William J. Peele, of Raleigh, a graduate of 1879, delivered an
eloquent and instructive address.
The annual birthdays of the Father of his Country have
been celebrated at the University with becoming enthusiasm.
All of these exercises have not been recorded in this volume.
That of 1903 was especially imposing. Mr. McFadyen pre-
sided. Mr. Z. V. Judd delivered an oration on "Progressive
Taxation," Dr. C. Alphonso Smith on "Southern Orators of
Antebellum Days," and Mr. Walter H. Page, of the World's
Work, on "Literature as an Industry," an address filled with
original and wise views. At another time Richard N. Hack-
Corrigenda et Addenda. 783
ett, afterwards Member of Congress from the Eighth District,
was the orator and did full justice to the occasion.
An interesting item of our history is that at one time there
was introduced, by Dr. Tolman, the Alpha Theta Phi Society,
into which only the best scholars could be enrolled. In 1898 I
find the officers were Archibald Henderson, President; P. H.
Eley to be next President; E. K. Graham, Secretary; R. H.
Lewis, Treasurer. There were admitted C. S. Carr, C. B.
Denson, J. K. Dozier, John Donnelly, Marsden Bellamy, J. R.
Carr. In a few years the Society was merged into the Phi
Beta Kappa.
The term of Dr. F. W. Simonds as Professor of Geology,
Zoology and Botany did not end in 1878, as stated on page
105, but continued from 1877 to 1881.
On page 500 the paragraph commencing "In the afternoon"
belongs to the account of the Commencement of 1895, which
begins on page 515.
ERRATA
Page 105, line 6, for Ker read Kerr.
Page 205, line 30, for F. J. Busbee read F. H. Busbee.
Page 363, line 34, for Kinston read Charlotte.
Page 366, line 27, for George F. McKie read George M. McKie.
Page 397, line 24, for E. R. Hendricks read E. R. Hendrix.
Page 444, line 7, for J. W. Joyner read J. Y. Joyner.
Page 450, line 1, for Charles R. Thomas read John Stanly Thomas.
Page 523, line 3, for '68 read '69.
Page 524, line 30, for Borden read Brown.
Page 543, line 9, for Graves read Groves.
Page 546, line 24, for Ely read Eley.
Page 552, line 14, for F. T. Wilburn read F. P. Milburn.
Page 570, line 4, for E. N. Graham read E. K. Graham.
Page 610, line 12, for 1896 read 1897.
APPENDIX
THE FIRST TRUSTEES UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1868
The Board of Education ex officio
Governor W. W. Holden of Wake.
Lieutenant-Governor Tod R. Caldwell of Burke.
Secretary of State H. J. Menninger of Craven.
Auditor Henderson Adams of Davidson.
Treasurer David A. Jenkins of Gaston.
Superintendent of Public Works C. L. Harris of Rutherford.
Superintendent of Public Instruction S. S. Ashley of New Hanover.
Attorney-General W. M. Coleman of Cabarrus.
Alamance Henry A. Badham
Alexander Dr. John M. Carson
Alleghany Judge A. W. Tourgee
Anson Dixon Ingram
Ashe William Latham
Beaufort Judge William B. Rodman
Bertie John Pool
Bladen Abiel W. Fisher
Brunswick Judge Daniel L. Russell
Buncombe Judge James L. Henry
Burke R. V. Michaux
Cabarrus Victor C. Barringer
Caldwell Calvin C. Jones
Camden Matchett Taylor
Carteret Judge C. R. Thomas
Caswell Montford McGehee
Catawba Dr. J. J. Mott
Chatham Benjamin I. Howze
Cherokee A. T. Davidson
Chowan John R. French
Clay Felix Axley
Cleveland Decatur Grigg
Columbus John A. Maultsby
Craven Robert T. Lehman
Cumberland Judge Ralph P. Buxton
Currituck Joseph W. Etheridge
Davidson William F. Henderson
Davie T. A. Long
Duplin William E. Hill
Edgecombe John Norfleet
Forsyth Judge D. A. Starbuck
Franklin Richard Inge Wynne
Gaston Rev. Madison Noland
Gates Thomas P. Hoffler
Granville Robert W. Lassiter
Greene Wm. P. Grimsley
Guilford Judge Robert P. Dick
Halifax Jefferson M. Lovejoy
Harnett Rev. Dr. Neill McKay
Haywood W. G. B. Gannett
Henderson Dr. W. D. Whitted
Hertford Judge David A. Barnes
Hyde William Carter
Iredell Judge Anderson Mitchell
Jackson Judge R. H. Cannon
Johnston E. W. Pou
Jones J. A. Haskell
Lenoir R. W. King
Lincoln W. P. Bynum
Macon R. M. Henry
Madison G. W. Gahagan
Martin Judge S. W. Watts
McDowell Wm. F. Craige
Mecklenburg Rev. Willis M. Miller
Mitchell J. W. Bowman
Montgomery George A. Graham
Moore A. R. McDonald
Nash Edward Cantwell
New Hanover Gen. J. C. Abbott
Northampton Dr. Wm. Barrow
Onslow John Robinson
Orange Rev. Solomon Pool
Pasquotank .Judge C. C. Pool
Perquimans Dr. Wm. Nicholson
Person Judge Edwin G. Reade
Pitt General Byron Lafiin
Polk Robert L. Adams
Randolph J. R. Bulla
Richmond Hon. Alfred Dockery
Robeson Orlin S. Hayes
50
786 History of University of North Carolina.
Rockingham Judge Thomas Settle Wake James F. Taylor
Rowan Dr. W. H. Howerton Warren John Reade
Rutherford Judge G. W. Logan Washington Judge E. W. Jones
Sampson Dr. J. C. Monch Watauga R. Don Wilson
Stanly Dr. J. C. Kron Wayne Curtis H. Brogden
Stokes A. H. Joyce Wilkes Hon. Calvin J. Cowles
Surry John M. Cloud Wilson George W. Blount
Transylvania R. H. Duckworth Yadkin. . . .Chief Justice R. M. Pearron
Tyrrell Judge G. W. Brooks Yancey J. H. Bowditch
Union Hugh Downing
; ..
TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY SINCE THE REOPENING
Presidents by Virtue of Office of Governor
187-4 Tod R. Caldwell 18.74
1874 Curtis H. Brogden 1877
1877 Zebulon B. Vance 1879
1879 Thomas J. Jarvis 1885
1885 Alfred M. Scales 1889
1889 Daniel G. Fowle 1890
1890 Thomas M. Holt 1893
1893 Elias Carr 1897
1897 Daniel L. Russell 1901
1901 Charles B. Avcock 1905
1905 Robert B. Glenn 1909
1909 William W. Kitchin
Year of Year of
Appoint- Appointed Successor's
ment from Appointment
1874 James S. Amis Granville 1885
1874 Kemp P. Battle Wake
1874 William H. Battle Wake 1879
1874 William C. Bowman Mitchell 1877
1874 Charles W. Broadfoot Cumberland 1891
1874 Paul C. Cameron Orange 1891
1874 David M. Carter Wake 1879
1874 David C. Coleman Buncombe 1877
1874 C. L. Cook, M.D Wilkes 1877
1874 E. Hayne Davis Iredell 1891
1874 Joseph J. Davis Franklin 1891
1874 William H. Day Halifax 1909
1874 John E. Dugger Warren 1883
1874 James L. Dusenbury, M.D Davidson 1877
1874 Mills L. Eure '. Gates 1885
1874 William J. Ewing .Montgomery 1885
1874 William T. Faircloth Wayne . . 1895
1874 Rufus Frazier Randolph 1877
1874 Seaton Gales Wake 1879
1874 Forney George Columbus 1879
1874 John A. Gilmer Guilford 1891
1874 Benjamin F. Grady Sampson 1891
1874 James A. Graham Alamance 1883
1874 William A. Graham Orange 1877
1874 J. F. Graves Surry 1879
1874 G. H. Hamilton Ashe" 1879
Appendix. 787
Year of Year of
Appoint- Appointed Successor's
ment from Appointment
1874 Eev. Benjamin Hardy Greene 1881
1874 Eev. Cushing B. Hassell Martin 1881
1874 Louis Hilliard Pitt 1877
1874 John F. Hoke Lincoln 1879
1874 J. DeBerniere Hooper Orange 1881
1874 John D. Hyman Henderson 1877
1874 William H. Johnston Edgecombe 1885
1874 Edmund W. Jones Caldwell 1877
1874 John Kerr '. Caswell 1879
1874 Louis C. Latham Washington 1883
1874 Thomas D. McDowell Bladen 1881
1874 John Mclver, M.D Moore 1879
1874 Eev. Xeill McKay Harnett 1893
.1874* Matthias E. Manly Craven 1881
1874 John Manning . .'. Chatham 1895
1874 James C. Marshall Anson 1881
1874 William F. Martin Pasquotank 1879
1874 Eaul B. Means Cabarrus 1911
1874 William X. Mebane Rockingham 1897
1874 E. W. Millard Duplin 1879
1874 Bartholomew F. Moore Wake 1879
1874 Eufus L. Patterson Forsyth 1879
1874 Eobert B. Peebles Northampton 1903
1874 Archibald Purcell . . Eobeson 1879
1874 Marmaduke S. Eobins Eandolph 1879
1874 William L. Saunders New Hanover 1891
1874 William B. Shaw Currituck 1881
1874 Walter L. Steele Eichmond 1891
1874 Samuel McD. Tate Burke 1897
1874 H. Clay Thomas Davidson 1881
1874 John H. Thorp Xash 1885
1874 William L. Twittv Eutherford 1879
1874 Zebulon B. Vance". Mecklenburg 1895
1874 Samuel H. Walkup Union 1877
1874 Eev. George B. Wetmore Rowan 1877
1874 Eev. Calvin H. Wiley Forsyth 1887
1874 Joseph Williams . .". Yadkin 1887
1874 Patrick H. Winston, Jr Berti? 1883
1877 Thomas S. Ashe Anson 1883
1877 John D. Cameron Orange 1891
1877 Julian S. Carr Durham
1877 G. X. Folk Caldwell '..... 1889
1877 John W. Graham Orange
1877 Bryan Grimes Beaufort 1881
1877 John S. Henderson Rowan 1885
1877 W. E. Hill Duplin 1899
1877 Stuart L. Johnson Washington 1879
1877 Eev. Daniel A. Long Alamance 1887
1877 William B. Lynch Alamance 1879
1877 Eev. L. E. McAboy Polk 1885
1877 E. McBrayer Cleveland 1885
1877 Montford McGehee Person 1893
1877 Marshall H. Pinnix Davidson 1885
788 History of University of North Carolina.
Year of Year of
Appoint- Appointed Successor's
merit from Appointment
1877 Charles Price Davie 1893
1877 James L. Robinson Macon 1887
1877 Thomas Sparrow .Beaufort 1883
1877 George V. Strong Wake 1889
1879 Richard H. Battle, Jr Wake 1912
1879 Rev. A. D. Betts N. C. Conference 1895
1879 R. R. Bridgers New Hanover 1889
1879 Ralph P. Buxton Cumberland 1887
1879 George Davis New Hanover 1895
1879 N. P. Foard Surry 1887
1879 Eugene Grissom, M.D Wake 1891
1879 F. M. Johnston Davie 1887
1879 James M. Leach Davidson 1887
1879 A. M. Lewis Wake 1893
1879 D. P. McEachern Robeson 1887
1879 A. Haywood Merritt Chatham 1899
1879 George Williamson Caswell 1887
1879 W. J. Yates ...Mecklenburg 1889
1881 Charles M. Cooke Franklin 1897
1881 H. F. Grainger Wayne 1883
1881 William J. Hawkins Warren 1891
1881 Lewis Havnes Davidson 1883
1881 C. W. Hoilowell Martin 1889
1881 A. S. Merrimon Wake 1885
1881 H. B. Short Columbus 1887
1881 Rev. J. L. Stewart Sampson 1895
1881 David T. Tavloe, M.D Beaufort 1883
1881 C. R. Thomas Craven 1897
1881 Robert B. Vance Buncombe 1889
1881 Rev. N. H. D. Wilson Guilford 1889
1883 James S. Battle Nash 1891
1883 Robert L. Beall, M.D Caldwell 1891
1883 Henry R. Bryan Craven 1891
1883 W. H. S. Burgwyn Vance
1883 Fabius H. Busbee Wake 1909
1883 Kerr Craige Rowan 1889
1883 Thomas M. Holt Alamance 1895
1883 Thomas J. Jarvis Pitt 1895
1883 Thomas S. Kenan Wilson 1911
1883 W. W. Lenoir Watauga 1891
1S83 J. Edwin Moore Martin 1891
1883 James T. Morehead Guilford 1891
1883 E. R. Page Jones 1885
1883 Daniel L. Russell Brunswick 1885
1883 Isaac R. Strayhorn Orange 1893
1885 A. B. Andrews Wake
1885 Joseph A. Bitting Forsyth 1893
1885 William H. Chadbourn New' Hanover 1891
1885 John M. Galloway Rockingham 1893
1885 James A. Graham Alamance 1889
1885 H. A. Gudger Buncombe 1895
Appendix. 789
Year of Year of
Appoir.t- Appointed Successor's
ment from Appointment
1885 James H. Horner Granville 1893
1885 George Howard Edgecombe 1893
1885 Thomas W. Mason Northampton 1909
1885 James M. Mullen Halifax 1887
1885 Lee S. Overman Rowan 1911
1885 James Parker Gates 1909
1885 Eev. Thomas H. Pritchard New Hanover 1897
1885 John C. Scarborough Johnston 1893
1885 John E. Woodard Wilson 1893
A. C. Avery Burke 1891
Charles B. Avcock Wayne 1895
Charles A. Cook Warren 1901
John W. Fries Forsyth
A. Leazar Iredell 1895
Rev. W. S. Long Alamance 1895
Hamilton C. McMillan Robeson 1895
Solomon C. Weill New Hanover 1895
H. D. Williamson Columbus 1895
Francis D. Winston Bertie
Rev. W. S. Black Wake 1897
Rev. J. H. Cordon Wake 1893
J. D. Currie Bladen 1895
R. A. Doughton Alleghany
William Johnston Mecklenburg 1895
H. C. Jones Mecklenburg 1897
Charles D. Mclver Guilford 1895
Patrick L. Murphy, M.D Burke 1897
Robert W. Scott Alamance 1897
George N. Thompson Caswell 1893
1891 Marsden Bellamv New Hanover 1897
1891 G. Samuel Brad'shaw Randolph 1899
1891 Marion Butler Sampson 1899
1891 Bennehan Cameron Orange
1891 R. M. Furman Buncombe 1905
1891 Richard H. Lewis, M.D Wake
1891 J. A. Mclver Moore 1897
1891 James D. Murphy Pitt 1905
1891 William J. Peele. Wake 1897
1891 Fred Philips Edgecombe 1905
1891 William D. Pruden Chowan 1897
1891 William C. Riddick Wake 1897
1891 Frank S. Spruill Franklin 1909
1891 John W. Starnes Buncombe 1899
1891 James W. Todd Ashe 1895
1891 James W. Wilson Burke 1899
1891 David G. Worth New Hanover 1899
1893 W. R. Allen Wayne 1899
1893 Jacob Battle Nash 1901
1893 J. P. Caldwell Mecklenburg 1901
1893 S. M. Finger Catawba 1897
1893 R. D. Gilmer Haywood 1899
79° History of University of North Carolina.
Year of Year of
Appoint- Appointed Successor's
ment from Appointment
1893 P. D. Gold Wilson 1897
1893 Augustus W. Graham Granville
1893 R. T. Gray Wake 1912
1893 A. W. Haywood Alamance
1893 M. H. Holt Guilford 1895
1893 Edmund Jones Caldwell 1901
1893 Thomas A. McNeill Eobeson 1901
1893 J. L. Patterson Forsyth 1907
1893 N. J. Eouse Lenoir 1897
1893 N. A. Sinclair Cumberland 1897
1895 Abner Alexander Tyrrell 1903
1895 - Thomas W. Babb Perquimans 1895
1895 E. Spencer Blackburn Ashe 1901
1895 James E. Boyd Guilford 1901
1895 Melville E. Carter Buncombe 1897
1895 Albert B. Gorrell Forsyth 1899
1895 William A. Guthrie Durham
1895 John T. Hogan Orange 1903
1895 J. T. B. Hoover Wilson 1903
1895 James B. Lloyd Edgecombe 1903
1895 Thomas F. Lloyd Orange 1903
1895 Virgil S. Lusk Buncombe 1905
1895 James M. Moodv Haywood 1901
1895 P. H. Morris. . .* Randolph 1897
1895 Daniel L. Russell New Hanover 1897
1895 Angus Shaw Robeson 1895
1895 ■ Harry Skinner Pitt 1901
1895 J. M. Thomas Rutherford 1897
1895 Cyrus Thompson, M.D Onslow 1897
1895 Zebulon V. Walser. Davidson
1895 David R. White Alamance 1905
1895 Elihu A. White Perquimans 1901
1895 W. E. White Alexander 1895
1895 S. Otlio Wilson Wake 1903
1897 C. T. Bailey Wake 1905
1897 George E. Butler Sampson 1903
1897 William H. Chadboum New Hanover 1903
1897 John S. Cuningham Person 1899
1897 Ben F. Dixon, M.D Cleveland 1911
1897 Claudius Dockery Richmond
1897 Warren G. Elliott Xew Hanover 1903
1897 Hiram L. Grant Wayne 1905
1897 Stephen Porter Graves Surry 1905'
1897 F. W. Hancock Granville
1S97 Thomas B. Keogh Guilford 1903
1897 William T. McCarthy Craven 1903
1897 Charles McNamee . .' Buncombe 1899
1897 Edward Hughes Meadows Craven 1903
1897 Benjamin S. Mitchell Franklin 1905
1897 John A. Ramsay Rowan 1901
1897 Nathan A. Ramsey Durham 1905
1897 Wallace W. Rollins Buncombe 1903
Appendix. 791
Year of Year of
Appoint- Appointed Successor's
ment from Appointment
1897 Alfred M. Scales Guilford 1911
1897 James B. Sehulken Columbus 1901
1897 Henry Weil Wavne
1897 William T. Whitsett Guilford 1907
1899 Charles M. Cooke Franklin 1907
1899 H. E. Faison Sampson 1901
1899 Edward J. Hale Cumberland
1899 Thomas J. Jerome Union 1905
1899 James A. Lockhart Anson 1907
1S99 James S. Manning Durham
1899 Louis J. Picot, M.D. Halifax 1909
1899 Thomas B. Pierce Duplin 1901
1899 James A. Roebling Buncombe 1903
1899 James Sprunt Xew Hanover
1899 Charles M. Stedman Guilford 1911
1899 Henry C. Wall Richmond 1901
1901 Eugene M. Armfield Guilford 1909
1901 Victor S. Bryant Durham
1901 Richard B.' Creecy Pasquotank 1909
1901 Josephus Daniels Wake
1901 F.G.James Pitt 1911
1901 Julius Johnson Caswell 1907
1901 Robert A. Johnston Richmond 1905
1901 Henry A. London Chatham
1901 Dan H. McLean Harnett 1909
1901 Charles McXaniee Buncombe 1905
1901 Gilbert B. Patterson Robeson 1907
1901 William D. Pruden Chowan . . ' 1909
1901 George Rountree Xew Hanover 1909
1901 Piatt D. Walker Mecklenburg 1905
1901 James W. Wilson Burke 1905
1903 James O. Atkinson Alamance
1903 Perrin Busbee Wake 1911
1903 Frederick L. Carr Greene
1903 Alexander H. Galloway Rockingham 1905
1903 Owen H. Guion Craven 1905
1903 Marmaduke J. Hawkins Warren
1903 James A. Holt Guilford
1903 Daniel H. Hudgins McDowell 1907
1903 William R. Kenan Xew Hanover 1905
1903 Lee T. Mann Gaston 1909
1903 Walter Murphy Rowan
1903 Thomas S. Rollins Madison 1909
1903 George G. Stephens Mecklenburg
1903 Charles W. Worth Xew Hanover
1905 Charles B. Aycock Wayne 1912
1905 -Stephen C. Bragaw Beaufort
1905 George W. Connor Wilson 1909
1905 Frederick J. Coxe Anson
1905 John S. Cuningham Person 1909
1905 Frank A. Daniels Wayne 1909
1905 Adolphus H. Eller Forsyth
792 History of University of North Carolina.
Year of Year of
Appoint- . Appointed Successor's
ment from Appointment
1905 Brook G. Empie New Hanover 1909
1905 John S. Hill Durham
1905 Charles E. J. Jones Buncombe 1909
1905 Benjamin F. Long Iredell 1909
1905 Leonidas John Moore, Jr Pitt 1905
1905 Larry I. Moore Pitt
1905 William S. Pearson Burke 1907
1905 Charles Price Rowan 1907
1905 Frank B. Rankin Gaston 1907
1905 Robert B. Redwine Union 1911
1905 Thomas Ruffin Mecklenburg 1909
1905 Charles F. Toms Henderson 1909
1907 Nelson M. Ferebee Granville
1907 Herbert Reeves Ferguson Haywood 1909
1907 Henry A. Gilliam Edgecombe
1907 Franklin P. Hobgood Granville
1907 John Lamb Martin
1907 Neill A. McLean Robeson 1911
1907 Robert L. Madison Jackson
1907 Addison G. Mangum Gaston
1907 George W. Montcastle Davidson 1909
1907 Jeter C. Pritchard Buncombe
1907 Thomas D. Warren Jones
1907 - Charles Whedbee Perquimans
1909 Richard G. Allsbrook Edgecombe 1911
1909 Jesse Lindsav Armfield Guilford 1911
1909 David C. Barnes Hertford
1909 John A. Barringer Guilford
1909 William E. Breese Transylvania
1909 James J. Britt Buncombe 1911
1909 William Preston Bynum, Jr Guilford
1909 Walter Clark, Jr Wake
1909 William N. Everett Richmond
1909 Samuel M. Gattis Orange 1911
1909 J. Bryan Grimes Pitt
1909 John W. Hinsdale, Jr Wake
1909 William Stamps Howard Edgecombe
1909 Herbert W. Jackson Wake 1911
1909 Whitehead Kluttz Rowan
1909 Paul J. Long Northampton
1909 Reuben D. Reid Rockingham 1911
1909 William B. Rodman Mecklenburg
1909 George M. Rose Cumberland
1909 Frederick A. Woodard Wilson
1909 William T. Whitsett Guilford
1909 Emmett R. Wooten Lenior
1911 John L. Barham Wayne . .
1911 John H. Dillard Cherokee
1911 Robert C. Ellis Cleveland
1911 John G. Hannah, Jr Chatham
1911 Luther T. Hartsell Cabarrus
1911 Angus W. McLean Robeson .
Appendix.
793
Year of
Appoint- Appointed
ment from
1911 Samuel S. Mann Hyde
1911 John M. Morehead Rockingham
1911 Haywood Parker Buncombe .
1911 John A. Parker Mecklenburg
1911 Albert M. Simmons Currituck . .
1911 Charles Lee Smith Wake
1911 David P. Stern Guilford . . .
1911 John K. Wilson Pasquotank
Year of
Successor's
Appointment
Members of the Executive Committee of the Trustees of the University of
North Carolina from 1875.
Ex officio as Governor: Tod R. Caldwell, Curtis H. Brogden, Z. B. Vance, Thomas
J. Jarvis, A. M. Scales, Daniel G. Fowle, Thomas M. Holt, Elias Carr, Daniel L.
Russell, Charles B. Aycock, R. B. Glenn, W. W. Kitchin.
Paul C. Cameron, Wm. H. Battle, Kemp P. Battle, David M. Carter, Seaton Gales,
Bartholomew F. Moore, Wm. L. Saunders, George V. Strong, Richard H. Battle,
Julian S. Carr, Eugene Grissom, A. M. Lewis, A. B. Andrews, J. H. Cordon, S. M.
Finger, John W. Graham, Thomas S. Kenan, John C. Scarborough, C. D. Mclver,
Marion Butler, Richard H. Lewis, Virgil S. Lusk, Wallace C. Riddick, James W.
Wilson, Fabius H. Busbee, Frederick Philips, Zeb V. Walser, Claudius Dockery,
Charles B. Aycock, William E. Breese, James O. Carr, Robert T. Gray, J. Bryan
Grimes, Edward J. Hale, Charles Whedbee, Victor S. Bryant, James Y. Joyner.
SUPPORTERS OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AT
CRITICAL TIMES
Names of Members who voted to give the University $7,500 a year, interest on the
Land Grant Fund, which resulted in reopening its doors in 1875.
Representatives
Matthew Atwater Orange
J. L. Bennett Brunswick
E. A. Bizzell Johnston
W. H. Bryan Sampson
Isaac T. Dortch Wayne
A. M. Erwin McDowel 1
W. C. Fields Alleghany
S. M. Finger Catawba
T. J. Freeman Wilson
Thomas D. Gash Transylvania
H. A. Gudger Madison
E. J. Holt Johnston
F. E. Hooker Greene
John N. Isler Wayne
S. McD. Jessup Cumberland
John S. Johnston Rockingham
Joseph W. Latta Orange
James C. MacRae Cumberland
James J. McCalop Sampson
J. S. McCubbins Rowan
A. A. Mclver Moore
Neill McNeill Robeson
Thomas Martin Stokes
Paul B. Means Cabarrus
W. N. Mebane Rockingham
Nereus Mendenhall Guilford
T. T. Mitchell Franklin
T. A. Mock Davidson
A. G. Mosely Duplin
F. X. Mullin Robeson
R. M. Xorment Robeson
Appleton Oaksmith Carteret
M. W. Page Wake
I. F. Parrott Lenoir
Mont. Patton Buncombe
M. H. Pinnix Davidson
Samuel Presson Union
J. Solomon Reid Mecklenburg
A. J. Smith Hyde
W. E. Smith Anson
John A. Spears Harnett
John N. Staples Guilford
794
History of University of North Carolina.
Joseph S. Staton Pitt
L. D. Stephenson Wake
George V. Strong Wake
S. McD. Tate Burke
W. A. Thompson Lincoln
Piatt D. Walker Richmond
W. B. Wells Duplin
W. H. Wheeler Forsyth
Michael Whitley Wake
Senators
W. G. Albright Chatham
Nick W. Boddie Nash
Charles M. Busbee Wake
Edward Cantwell New Hanover
Joseph Cashwell Bladen
J. H. Clement Davie
C. M. Cooke Franklin
W. F. French Robeson
William A. Graham, Jr Lincoln
Alfred Hargrave Davidson
James Irwin .Rockingham
Jesse Jenkins Gaston
Thomas R. Jernigan Gates
Edwin W. Kerr Sampson
C. M. T. McCauley Union
J. C. Mills Burke
J. T. Morehead Guilford
C. E. Parish Orange
W. W. Peebles Northampton
George W. Pegram Harnett
D. E. Smith Wayne
Josiah Sugg Greene
L. R. Waddell Johnston
George Williamson Caswell
K. H. Worthy Moore
The following Senators voted for the $5,000 appropriation in if
in the House was only nominal.
ii. The opposition
James S. Battle Nash
G. Bernard Pitt
J. Blue Moore
H. W. Carter Warren
W. E. Clark Craven
J. W. Cunningham .Person
T. F. Davidson Buncombe
J. P. Deaver Transylvania
B. K. Dickey Cherokee
S. M. Finger Catawba
A. Foil Cabarrus
W. B. Glenn Forsyth
L. Hanes Davidson
Of the eighteen Senators who opposed the
of the University. Their motive was not
in the poverty of our people at that time
W. S. Harris Franklin
W. H. Jenkins Granville
W. H. Manning Gates
A. H. Merritt Chatham
W. T. Pridgen Bladen
J. T. Respass Beaufort
H. E. Scott New Hanover
S. B. Spruill Washington
J. N. Staples Guilford
J. Stowe Gaston
S. Whitaker Halifax
J. A. Williamson , Davie
W. P. Williamson Edgecombe
bill many afterwards were warm friends
so much hositilitv to it as a vivid belief
In the House of Representatives the Following voted for the appropriation of 1885,
viz., $15,000, in addition to the $5,000 apppropriated by the Act of 1881:
J. A. Alston Chatham
J. A. Barrinajer Guilford
D. Bell Halifax
N. B. Bellamy Edgecombe
D. N. Bennett'. Stanly
R. H. Brown Jackson
C. M. Busbee Wake
H. Cale Franklin
W. L. Crouse Lincoln
W. A. Darden Greene
Thomas Dixon Cleveland
J. J. Dunlap Anson
J. H. Edwards Northampton
J. M. Galloway Rockingham
J. W. Grant Northampton
C. B. Green Durham
N. H. Harrison Washington
A. H. Hayes Swain
C. W. Johnston Orange
Johnston Jones Buncombe
H. E. King Onslow
J. H. Lanning Transylvania
A. Leazar Iredell
J. A. Long Person
E. F. Lovill Watauga
C. C. McClelland Yancey
J. F. McGee Cherokee
H. C. McMillan Roteson
D. B. McNeill Brunswick
M. McRae Robeson
Appendix.
795
T. D. Miller Cabarrus
I. A. Murchison Cumberland
L. S. Overman Eowan
W. H. Patrick Beaufort
R. Pearson Buncombe
J. C. Pritchard Madison
J. W. Reid Gaston
E. H. Riggs Dare
H. E. Robertson Davie
J. W. S. Robinson Sampson
L. Roulhac Bertie
J. W. Sneed Richmond
J. D. Stanford Duplin
S. McD. Tate Burke
Geo. N". Thompson Caswell
J. A. Turner Guilford
R. P. Waring Mecklenburg
J. B. Watson Hyde
W. D. Whitted Henderson
G. Wilcox Moore
A. H. A. Williams Granville
H. C. Williams Gates
R. W. Winborne Hertford
T. B. Womack Chatham
J. E. Woodard Wilson
D. Worthington Martin
In the Senate the bill passed by 35 to 9. The following voted in the affirmative:
S. B. Alexander Mecklenburg
G. F. Bason Gaston
W. M. Bond Chowan
W. H. Bower Caldwell
John S. Brown McDowell
•J. C. Buxton Forsyth
W. H. Chadbourn New Hanover
H. G. Connor Wilson
J. W. Cooper Cherokee
D. S. Cowan Columbus
J. F. Dobson Iredell
A. W. Graham Orange
H. A. Gudger Buncombe
R. F. Hackett. Wilkes
E. J. Hill Duplin
James Holman Person
J. S. Johnston Rockingham
J. T. Kennedy Wayne
SUBSCRIPTIONS PAID FOR THE REVIVAL OF THE UNIVERSITY IN 1875,
AMOUNTING TO NEARLY $20,000.
J. I. King Guilford
R. F. Lewis Robeson
Thomas W. Mason Northampton
Paul B. Means Cabarrus
J. M. Mullen Halifax
James ' Parker Gates
Joshua Perry Franklin
Theo. W. Poole Martin
F. M. Rountree Lenoir
J. L. Scott Alamance
P. H. Simmons Hyde
W. L. Tate Haywood
R. S. Tavlor Edgecombe
T. B. Twittv Rutherford
W. R. Williams Pitt
R. W. Winston Granville
J. W. Wiseman Davie
Cyrus W. Alexander, Concord. . . . $250
A. B. Andrews, Raleigh 25
B. F. Arrington, Raleigh 20
John Arrington & Sons. Peters-
burg, Va 200
S. A. Ashe, Raleigh 50
R. H. Austin. Tarboro 10)
S. M. Barbee, Chapel Hill 75
L. W. Barringer, Philadelphia, Pa. 50
Moreau Barringer, Philadelphia.. 50
Rufus Barringer, Charlotte 250
James S. Battle, Rockv Mount. . . 100
Kemp P. Battle, Raleigh 500
R. H. Battle, Jr., Raleigh 500
W. H. Battle, Raleigh 1,000
W. S. Battle, Tarboro 200
John C. Blake, Raleigh 50
R. R. Bridgers, Wilmington 500
Thomas H. Briggs, Raleigh 100
C. W. Broadfoot, Fayetteville 100
A. P. Bryan, Raleigh 50
F. H. Busbee, Raleigh 40
R. P. Buxton, Fayetteville
F. H. Cameron, Raleigh
P. C. Cameron, Hillsboro
(Cash, subject to tuition in
the future of three young
boys. )
Elias Carr, Edgecombe
John W. Carr, Chapel Hill
Julian S. Carr, Durham
D. M. Carter. Raleigh
R. B. Creecy, Elizabeth City
(Advertising.)
J. W. Cunningham, Person Co . . .
J. S. Dancy, Tarboro
Dancy, Hyman & Co., New York
Clement Dowd, Charlotte
M. L. Eure, Gatesville
(Afterwards Norfolk.)
W. T. Faircloth, Goldsboro
J. W. Fries, Salem
John Gatling, Raleigh
John A. Gilmer, Greensboro
$50
20
1.000
100
100
500
500
50
100
150
200
250
100
100
100
400
60
796
History of University of North Carolina.
J. W. Graham, Hillsboro. $250
William A. Graham, Hillsboro... 300
James Grant, Davenport, Iowa... 500
G. K. Griffith, Chatham 100
Bryan Grimes, Grimesland 250
William Grimes, Raleigh £00
H. B. Guthrie, Chapel Hill 10
W. A. Guthrie. Fayetteville 100
Thomas D. Haigh, Fayetteville ... 40
J. M. Heck, Raleigh/ 250
W. J. Hicks, Raleigh 100
Edwin M. Holt, Alamance Co 100
Thomas M. Holt, Haw River 200
George Howard, Tarboro 250
R. P. Howell, Goldsboro 100
Thomas H. Hughes, Orange Co. . . 20
J. R. Hutchins, Orange Co 25
D. A. Jenkins, Gastonia 50
B. T. Johnson, Richmond, Va 100
C. W. Johnston, Orange Co 50
W. H. Johnston, Tarboro 250
W. C. Kerr, Raleigh 10
A. W. Lawrence, Raleigh 10
George Laws, Hillsboro 100
Julius Lewis, Raleigh 50
Richard H. Lewis, Raleigh 250
William G. Lewis, Tarboro 60
H. A. London, Jr., Pittsboro 50
Long & Norwood, Chapel Hill .... 50
Z. I. Lvon, Durham 20
J. C. MacRae, Fayetteville 50
David McCauley. Chapel Hill. . . . LOO
James McKee, Raleigh 30
W. P. Mallett, Chapel Hill 10
John Manning, Chatham 280
(Cash advanced for tuition.)
P. B. Means, Concord 250
A. S. Merrimon, Raleigh 30
A. Mickle, Chapel Hill $30
B. F. Moore, Raleigh 1,000
Eugene L. Morehead, Durham... 100
J. L. Morehead, Charlotte 100
J. Turner Morehead, Leaksville. . . 100
John Norfleet, Tarboro 500
James H. Parker, Enfield 100
R. L. Patterson, Salem 420
S. L. Patterson, Caldwell Co 40
R. B. Peebles, Jackson 300
Fred Philips, Tarboro 250
S. F. Phillips, Washington, D. C. 500
W. M. Pippen, Tarboro 100
R. J. Powell, Chatham 10
M. W. Ransom 500
(Cash advanced for tuition.)
A. F. Redd, Chapel Hill 100
F. E. Shober, Salisbury 100
W. N. H. Smith, Raleigh 100
W. J. Staton, Tarboro 50
C. M. Stedman, Wilmington 250
W. L. Steele, Rockingham 150
George V. Strong, Raleigh : 50
James R. Thigpen, Edgecombe Co. 1.00
Thomas W. Thompson, Bertie Co. 250
W. C. Troy, Favetteville 10
W. H. & R. S.' Tucker, Raleigh.. 100
W. G. Upchurch, Raleigh .... 100
Z. B. Vance, Charlotte 100
William and Augustus Van Wyck,
New York ! 100
Jones Watson, Chapel Hill 50
J. W. B. Watson, Raleigh 500
S. E. Westray, Nash Co 100
John D. Williams, Jr., Fayette-
ville 100
William A. Wright, Wilmington. 250
STOCKHOLDERS IN THE UNIVERSITY GYMNASIUM ASSOCIATION
Shares, $10 Each
J. C. Angier, Durham $10
C. B. Aycock, Goldsboro 10
J. M. Baker, Tarboro 10
Rufus Barringer, Charlotte 10
H. B. Battle, Raleigh 20
H. L. Battle, Rocky Mount 10
Jacob Battle, Rocky Mount 10
K. P. Battle, Jr., U. S. Marine
Hospital Service 20
L. J. Battle, Raleigh 10
R. H. Battle, Raleigh 10
T. H. Battle, Rocky Mount 20
Wm. Jas. Battle, Chapel Hill 10
R. Bingham, Bingham School .... 100
R. R. Bridgers, Wilmington 50
(Donation.)
W. H. S. Burgwyn, Henderson.
F. H. Busbee, Raleigh
J. S. Carr, Durham
George Collins, Hillsboro
C. A. Cook, Warrenton
F. B. Dancy, Raleigh
Frank Daniels, Goldsboro
E. B. Engelhard, Raleigh
J. W. Fries, Salem
J. W. Gore, Chapel Hill
A. W. Graham, Hillsboro
George Graham, Hillsboro
J. W. Graham, Hillsboro
Paul Graham, Hillsboro
Wm. A. Graham, Charlotte....
$10
10
100
10
20
30
10
10
50
20
20
10
30
10
10
Appendix.
797
R. H. Graves, Chapel Hill...... $30
Eugene Grissom, Jr., Raleigh.... 10
R. G. Grissom, Raleigh 10
J. D. Haizlip 10
E. J. Hardin, Raleigh 10
R. B. Haywood, Raleigh 10
J. A. Henley, Raleigh 50
W. R. Henry, Henderson 10
W. E. Hill, Faison 10
J. A. Holmes, Chapel Hill 20
J. DeB. Hooper, Chapel Hill 30
A. D. Jones, Cary 50
W. P. Kline, Newton 10
A. W. Knox, Raleigh 10
R. H. Lewis, Raleigh 50
Donald MacRae, Wilmington .... 30
John Manning, Chapel Hill 20
G. M. Maverick, St. Louis, Mo . . . 50
W. H. Maverick, San Antonio,
Tex 50
P. B. Means, Concord 10
B. F. Moore, Raleigh 30
James Moore, Raleigh 10
V. B. Moore, Raleigh 20
Eugene Morehead, Durham $50
J. M. Moring, Durham 10
P. L. Murphy, Morganton 10
M. C. S. Noble, Wilmington 20
R. B. Peebles, Jackson 30
W. E. Philips, Henderson 10
W. B. Phillips, Wilmington 10
J. C. Powell, Tarboro 10
J. C. Roberts, New Bern 10
W. L. Saunders, Raleigh 50
J. E. Scott, Mebaneville 10
H. B. Short. Lake Waccamaw. ... 10
W. L. Steele, Rockingham 30
Thos. D. Stokes, Richmond, Va. . . 10
G. G. Thomas, Wilmington 10
Mrs. Z. B. Vance, Charlotte 25
F. P. Venable, Chapel Hill 30
John Wilkes, Charlotte 10
P. M. Wilson, Raleigh 20
J. H. Winder, Raleigh 10
G. T. Winston, Chapel Hill 30
Frank Wood, Edenton 20
D. G. Worth, Wilmington 100
DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY
Numbers of minor gifts to the Library, some of much value, are acknowledged in
the Annual Catalogue. The usual United States Government and State publica-
tions have been received. The following donations in bulk are specially men-
tioned as larger additions to our collections:
1. The library of Rev. Dr. James Phil-
lips, principally of theological
works, given by Mrs. Cornelia
Phillips Spencer, about 1,000 vol-
umes.
2. The medical books of Francis Jones
Smith, M.D., about 200 volumes,
given by Miss Mary R. Smith.
3. George E. Badger, by will, "The
American Archives and American
State Papers which I received un-
der a vote of the Senate of the
United States."
4. Captain Francis T. Bryan, of St,
Louis, 450 or 500, chiefly of Math-
ematical and Engineering works.
5. One thousand volumes of the library
of Dr. Thomas F. Wood, given by
Mrs. Wood.
6. About 250 volumes by Richard
Jewett, M.D., mostly Medical and
Scientific.
7. Peter E. Hines, donated by Mrs.
Hines, about 500 volumes, princi-
pally Medical.
S. Hon. Charles Randolph Thomas, to
the Law Library, about 140 vol-
umes.
9. Dr. Eben Alexander, from Mrs.
Alexander, about 400 volumes,
principally classical.
10. The children of Edward Graham
Daves, about 600 volumes of His-
torical and Literary works.
11. Hon. Richard Henry Battle, to the
Law Library, about 500 volumes of
North Carolina and United States
Reports, and other works.
12. Rev. J. S. Pierson, about 100 vol-
umes, chiefly on Missionary sub-
jects.
13. Mrs. Julia Graves, Mrs. Helen Wills,
and Mrs. Frances Whitehead, 400
volumes from the libraries of Pro-
fessors J. DeB. Hooper and Ralph
H. Graves.
14. From the Cross Creek Odd Fellows
(Cumberland County) about 1,000
volumes of Congressional Reports,
magazines, etc.
798
History of University of North Carolina.
15. Mrs. Grace Cobb, from the library 17. Miss Alice Heartt, File of Hills-
of her husband, Professor Palmer ooro Recorder, of which her father,
Cobb, about 100 volumes. Dennis Heartt, -was editor.
16. Josephus Daniels, Marshall DeLan- 18. Lucius P. McGehee, 48 volumes from
cey Haywood, Charles W. Worth, his Law Library.
and Mrs. E. E. Moffitt, many val- 19. Henry Weil, Jewish Encyclopedia, 12
uable collections of newspapers volumes.
and magazines.
THE UNIVERSITY CHAIR OF HISTORY
As the Chair of History was first endowed by the alumni a list is given of the sub-
scriptions. The proceedings connected with the inauguration of the movement
may be found in the text.
Gen. J. S. Carr was the largest subscriber, $10,000. Judge James Grant's obligation
was found to be $5,000. The $1,000 subscribers were Col. W. H. S. Burgwyn and
David G. Worth; $500 each— J. E. Brown, J. D. Currie, John A. Gilmer, Fred Phil-
ips, Walter L. Steele, Francis P. Venable; $250 each — Rufus Barringer, B. N.
Duke, A. R. Ledoux, John Manning, Ed Chambers Smith, George T. Winston;
$200— Dr. W. J. Hawkins, John S. Hill for Class of 1889; $150 each— E, A. Alder-
man, Charles D. Mclver, G. W. Watts; $125— Andrew J. Harris; $100 each— H. B.
Battle, Jesse M. Battle, R. H. Battle, Thomas H. Battle, J. A. Bitting, E. G. Brodie,
Hill Burgwyn, I. V. Cooper, Josephus Daniels, A. H. Eller, James A. Gray, W. A.
Guthrie, Eugene Harrell, E. B. Haywood, J. W. Jackson, William Johnston,
Thomas S. Kenan, James H. Lassiter, D. M. McRae, Jr., James T. Morehead, John
L. Morehead, R. B. Redwine, F. A. Shepherd, James H. Southgate, H. R. Starbuck,
Thomas D. Stokes, H. T. Watkins, Robert W. Winston, B. G. Worth; $50 each—
S. P. Alexander, H. T. Bahnson, K. P. Battle, Jr., Marsden Bellamy, F. H. Busbete,
J. C. Buxton, W. R. Cox, Kerr Craige, John S. Cuningham, F. A. Daniels, H. E.
Fries, A. B. Gorrell, Alex Graham, George M. Graham, Joseph Graham, Wharton J.
Green, H. A. Gudger, B. F. Hall, Ernest Haywood, Ashley Home, R. D. John-
ston, T. D. Johnston, H. C. Jones, J. Y. Joyner, W. R. Kenan, R. B. Kerner, Iredell
Meares, J. L. Patterson, Oscar Pearsall, Charles Price, A. M. Scales, David Schenck,
J. F. Shaffner, J. E. Shepherd, Robert Strange, P. D. Walker, William A. Whitaker,
D. M. Williams, C. W. Worth, C. G. Wright, A. C. Zollicoffer; $25 each— S. W.
Battle, W. J. H. Bellamy, John L. Borden, Heriot Clarkson, R. L. Coffin, DuBrutz
Cutlar, D. N. Dalton, Jr., C. H. Dubs, Alex J. Feild, J. Bryan Grimes, R. P. How-
ell, Henry Lee, W. H. McDonald, J. F. Miller, Haywood Parker, John F. Schenk,
J. A. Washing-ton, John Webb, S. C. Weill, John A Williams, P. M. Wilson; $10
each — Z. M. L. Jeffreys, James M. Norfleet, J. H. Ruffin, George L. Wimberly, John
G. Young.
GENERAL UNIVERSITY AND SOCIETY CATALOGUES .
As permanent memorials of the Centennial of 1889 the short speeches of the alumni
and others were printed in a pamphlet. In addition a more bulky volume was
issued. It contains a catalogue of students from 1795 to 1889, inclusive, prepared
by Mrs. Spencer, after much correspondence, and corrected by Dr. Eben Alexander,
from the records of the University. There are 5,422 names, the most common
being Jones, with 81 matriculates, after which comes Smith with 74, and Williams
with 70. Of course not all of these were of the same family. A short history
of each matriculate is given where possible. To this catalogue President Bat-
tle contributed 63 pages of Sketches of the History of the University, giving
short memoirs of the men who selected the site, and of those who started the
University and conducted it to success.
Honorary Degrees had been conferred for ninety years. Prior to 1889 seventy min-
isters of the gospel were honored with the degree of Doctor of Divinity, while
Appendix. 799
sixty-two statesmen and professional men were made Doctors of Laws. These
degrees average less than one a year for the whole time, but after 1877 the author-
ities became more generous.
In anticipation of the General University Catalogue the two Societies prepared
Registers of their members from their beginnings, in 1795.
The Philanthropic Catalogue (72 pages) was prior in time, the work of a graduate
of 1886, Dr. Stephen Beauregard Weeks, and published in 1887. Prefixed is a
short history of the Society. The leading facts of the careers of the members
are given.
The Dialectic Catalogue (168 pages), edited by Dr. William James Battle, was pub-
lished in 1890. It included a history (8 pages) of the Society by the editor;
familiar sketches of its conduct and work, when they were members, by Dr. Rich-
ard H. Lewis, of Kinston, a graduate of 1852; Hon. Richard H. Battle, graduate
of 1854; by Dr. William J3. Phillips, 1877, and by Mr. Ernest P. Mangum,
1885. The lists of members follow, with abbreviated sketches of their careers,
collected, as were those of Dr. Weeks, by much correspondence.
Both catalogues contain the names of the "Confederate Dead," that is, those stu-
dents who lost their lives as Confederate soldiers.
FACULTY OF 1911-'12
Francis Preston Venable, Ph.D., D.Sc, LL.D President
Student, University of Virginia, 1874-79; University of Bonn, 1879-'80; A.M.,
Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1881; Student, University of Berlin, 1889;
LL.D., University of Pennsylvania, 1901; D.Sc, Lafayette College, 1902; LL.D.,
University of South Carolina, 1905; LL.D., University of Alabama, 1906; Pro-
fessor of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, 1880-1900; President, ibid.,
1900 — ; Fellow of London Chemical Society; Member of German Chemical
Society, American Chemical Society; Author of "Qualitative Analysis," "His-
tory of Chemistry," "Inorganic Chemistry" (with Professor J. L. Howe),
"Development of the Periodic Law."
Kemp Plummer Battle, A.M., LL.D Professor Emeritus of History
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1849; A.M., ibid., 1852; Tutor in Mathe-
matics, ibid., 1850-'54; LL.D., Davidson College, 1879; President, University of
North Carolina, 1876-'91; Professor of History, ibid,, 1891-1907; LL.D., ibid.,
1910; Professor Emeritus of History, ibid., 1907 — ; Author of Various His-
torical Treatises on North Carolina; among others, "History of the Supreme
Court of North Carolina," "Early History of the City of Raleigh," "Colonial
Leaders of the Church of England," "History of the University of North Caro-
lina," 2 vols. State Treasurer 1866-'68.
Thomas Hume, A.B., D.D., LL.D Professor Emeritus of English Literature
A.B., Richmond College, 1855; Graduate Student, University of Virginia, 1858;
Principal and Professor of English, Roanoke College for Women, 1867-'71;
D.D., Richmond College, 1882; Professor of English, Norfolk College, 1880-'85;
Professor of the English Language and Literature, Universitv of North Caro-
lina, 1885-1902; LL.D., Wake Forest College, 1892; Professor of English Litera-
ture, University of North Carolina, 1902-'07 ; Professor Emeritus of English
Literature, ibid., 1907-1912; LL.D., ibid., 1910.
Walter Dallam Toy, M.A Professor of the Germanic Languages and Literatures
M.A., University of Virginia, 1882; Student, University of Leipsig, 1882-'83;
University of Berlin, 1883-'85; College de France, 1885; Professor of the Ger-
manic Languages and Literatures, University of North Carolina, 1885 — ; Stu-
dent, University of Berlin, 1910-'ll; Author of a number of editions of text-
books of Modern Languages.
8oo History of University of North Carolina.
William Cain, A.M Professor of Mathematics
A.M., North Carolina Military Polytechnic Institute, 1S66; Professor of Mathe-
matics and Engineering, Carolina Military Institute, 1874-'79; Professor of
Mathematics and Engineering, South Carolina Military Academy, 1882-'89:
Professor of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, 1S89 — ; Author of
"Theory of Voussoir Arches," "Solid and Braced Arches," "Theory of Steel Con-
crete Arches," "Retaining Walls," "Stresses in Bridges," "Notes on Geometry
and Algebra," "Brief Course in the Calculus."
Henry Horace Williams, A.M., B.D Professor of Philosophy
A.B., A.M., University of North Carolina, 1883; Professor of Philosophy, Trinity
College (JS1. C), 1885; B.D., Yale University, 1888; Fellow, Harvard University,
1889; Professor of Philosophy, University of North Carolina, 1890 — .
Henry Van Peters Wilson, Ph.D Professor of Zoology
A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1883; Bruce Fellow, Hid., lSS7-'89; Ph.D., iUd.,
1888; Assistant, United States Fish Commission: Professor of Biology, Uni-
versity of North Carolina, 1891-1904; Student, University of Berlin, 1902-'03;
Professor of Zoology, University of North Carolina, 1904 — ; American Society
of Zoologists, Vice-President 190S, President 1911; Author of various memoirs
and papers on zoological subjects.
Collier Cobb, A.M Professor of Geology and Mineralogy
A.B., Harvard, 1S89; Assistant in Geology, ibid., 18S8-*90; Instructor in Geology,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1890-'92; Assistant U. S. Geological
Survey, 1886-'92; Instructor in Geology, Harvard Summer School, 1S91; As-
sistant Professor of Geology, University of North Carolina, lS92-'93; Professor
of Geology and Mineralogy, ibid., 1893—; A.M., Harvard, 1894; Author of
various memoirs and papers on geological subjects; Fellow Geological Society of
America, Association of American Geographers, Mining and Metallurgical So-
ciety of America, Boston Society of Natural History, American Association for
the Advancement of Science, American Forestry Association, Seismological So-
ciety of America, Association of Harvard Engineers; Lecturer on Geology, Sum-
mer School of the South, 1902, 1908; Professor of Forest Geology, Biltmore
Forest School, 1904 — .
Charles Staples Mangum, A.B., M.D Professor of Anatomy
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1891; M.D., Jefferson Medical College, 1894;
Assistant and Demonstrator, ibid., 1894-'95; Graduate Student, University of
Chicago, 1906; Professor of Anatomy, University of North Carolina, 1896 — .
Edward Vernon Howell, A.B., Ph.G Professor of Pharmacy
Dean of the School of Pharmacy.
A.B., Wake Forest College, 1892; Ph.G., Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, 1894;
Professor of Pharmacy and Dean of the School of Pharmacy, University of
North Carolina, 1897 — ; Member of American Chemical Society, American
Pharmaceutical Association.
Marcus Cicero Stephens Noble Professor of Pedagogy
Student, Davidson College and University of North Carolina; Commandant, Bing-
ham School, 1880-'S3; Superintendent of Schools, Wilmington, N. C, 1883-"98;
Professor of Pedagogy, University of North Carolina, 1898 — ; Author of "Wil-
liams's Beginners' Reader," "North Carolina Supplement to Maury's Geog-
raphy"; Co-Editor of "Davies' Standard Arithmetic"; Author of historical
papers.
Isaac Hall Manning, M.D Professor of Physiology; Dean of School of Medicine
Student, University of North Carolina, 1882-'86; Assistant in Chemistry, ibid.,
1886: M.D., Long Island College of Medicine, 1897; Graduate Student, University
of Chicago, 1901, 1903, Harvard University, 1902, 1906; Professor of Physiology,
University of North Carolina, 1901 — ; Dean of the School of Medicine, ibid.,
1905—.
Appendix. 8oi
George Howe, Ph.D Professor of the Latin Language and Literature
A.B., Princeton University, 1897; A.M., Ph.D., University of Halle, 1903; Student,
Oxford University, 1903; Professor of the Latin Language and Literature, Uni-
versity of .North Carolina, 1903 — ; Author of "Fasti Sacerdotum P. R. Publi-
corum."
Joseph Hyde Pratt, Ph.D Professor of Economic Geologv
Ph.B., 1893, Ph.D., 1896, Yale University; Assistant in Chemistry, Yale Univer-
sity, 1894; Assistant in Mineralogy, ibid., 1895; Instructor in Mineralogy, Har-
vard Summer School, 1895; Instructor in Mineralogy, Yale University, 1896-'97;
Lecturer in Mineralogy, University of North Carolina, 1898-1901 ; Professor of
Economic Geology, ibid., 1904 — ; State Mineralogist of North Carolina, 1897-
1906; State Geologist, 1906 — ; Fellow, Geological Society of America, American
Association for the Advancement of Science; Member, Metallurgical Society of
America, American Institute of Mining Engineers, American Chemical Society,
American Peat Society, American Forestry Association, National Geographical
Society, Appalachian Engineering Association; Author of many articles and
bulletins on various scientific subjects.
Charles Holmes Herty, Ph.D., Smith Professor of General and Industrial Chemistry
Ph.B., University of Georgia, 1886; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins, 1890; Instructor in
Chemistry, University of Georgia, 1891-'94; Adjunct Professor of Chemistry,
ibid., 1894-1902; Student, University of Zurich and University of Berlin, 1899-
1900; Professor of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, 1905 — ; Dean of
the School of Applied Science, ibid., 1908-'ll; Member of American Chemical
Society; Councilor at large; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement
of Science, London Chemical Society, Society of Chemical Industry, Duetsche
Chemische Gesellschaft, La Society Chimique de France, American Forestry
Association, Society of American Foresters.
Nathan Wilson Walker, A.B Professor of Secondary Education
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1903; Superintendent of Schools at Asheboro,
N. C, 1903-'05 ; Professor of Secondary Education, University of North Caro-
lina, 1905 — ; State Inspector of Public High Schools, 1905 — ; Director of the
University of North Carolina Summer School.
William DeBerniere MacNider, M.D Professor of Pharmacology
Assistant in Biology, University of North Carolina, 1899-1900; Assistant in
Anatomy, ibid., 1900-'01; M.D., ibid., 1903; Student, University of Chicago,
1906, 1907, 1908; Professor of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina,
1905.
Charles Lee Paper, Ph.D Professor of Economics
Dean of the Graduate School.
A.B., Trinity College (N. G), 1892; Instructor in Greek and Latin, ibid., 1892-'93;
Professor of Latin, Greensboro Female College, 1894-'98; Fellow in History,
Columbia University, 1899-1900; Lecturer in History, ibid., 1900-'01; Asso-
ciate Professor of Economics and History, University of North Carolina,
1901-'06; Ph.D., Columbia University, 1902; Professor of Economics, University
of North Carolina, 1906 — ; Dean of Graduate School, ibid., 1909—; Author
of "The Church and Private Schools of North Carolina, an Historical Study,"
"North Carolina, a Study of English Colonial Government," "The Principles
of Wealth and Welfare," "Railway Transportation: a History of its Economics
and of the State's Relation."
William Chambers Coker, Ph.D Professor of Botany
B.S., University of South Carolina, 1894; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University,
1901; Student, University of Bonn, 1901-'02; Associate Professor of Botany,
University of North Carolina, 1902-'07; Professor of Botany, ibid., 1907—:
Contributed the Botanical Section of "The Bahama Islands," also Author of
"Plant Life of Hartsville."
51
802 History of University of North Carolina.
Edward Kidder Graham, A.M Professor of English
Dean of the College of Liberal Arts.
Ph.B., University of North Carolina, 1898; Librarian, ibid., 1899; Instructor in
English, ibid., 1899-1901; Associate Professor of English, ibid., 1901-'04; A.M.,
Columbia University, 1902; Student, ibid., 1904-'05; Professor of English, Uni-
versity of North Carolina, 1904 — ; Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, ibid,
1909—.
Archibald Henderson, Ph.D Professor of Pure Mathematics
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1898; A.M., ibid., 1899; Instructor in Mathe-
matics, ibid., 1S98-1902; Student, University of Chicago, 1901; Ph.D., Uni-
versity of North Carolina, 1902; Fellow and Tutor in Mathematics, University
College and University of Chicago, 1902-'03; Associate Professor of Mathe-
matics, University of North Carolina, 1902-'08; Professor of Pure Mathematics,
ibid., 1908 — ; Student, Cambridge University, University of Berlin, the Sor-
bonne, 1910-'ll; Member, Authors' Club, London; Author of "The Twenty-
seven Lines on the Cubic Surface'' (Cambridge University), "Interpreters of
Life, and the Modern Spirit," "Mark Twain," "George Bernard Shaw: His Life
and Work" (Authorized) ; Translation (with Barbara Henderson) of Emile
Boutroux's "William James"; Contributor to journals and magazines, scientific
and cultural, in England, France, Germany, Finland, and United States.
Joseph Gregoire DeBoulhac Hamilton, Ph.D Alumni Professor of History
M. A., University of the South, 1900; Ph.D., Columbia University, 1906; Associate
Professor of History, University of North Carolina, 1906-'0S; Professor of
History, ibid., 190S— .
Andrew Henry Patterson, A.M Professor of Physics
Dean of the School of Applied Science.
Ph.B., B.E., University of North Carolina, 1891; A.B., Harvard University, 1892;
A. M., ibid., 1893; Instructor in Physics, University of Georgia, 1894-'97; Ad-
junct Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering, ibid., 1897-'98; Pro-
fessor of Physics and Astronomy, ibid., 1S98-1908; Student, University of
Berlin and Charlottenburg Technische Hochschule, 1905-'06; Student, Cam-
bridge University, 1906; Professor of Physics, University of North Carolina,
190S — ; Dean of the School of Applied Science, ibid., 1911 — ; Author of "On
Increasing the Frequency of Electric Oscillations" (in conjunction with C. H.
Arnold), "Some Points on Lightning Protection," "The Pinch Effect in Undi-
rectional Electrical Discharges,'* "The Electrical Nature of Chemical En-
ergy," etc.
Henry McGilbert WagstarT, Ph.D Professor of History
Ph.B., University of North Carolina, 1899; Professor of Mathematics, Ruther-
ford College (N. C), 1900-'02; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University, 1906; Acting
Professor of Economics and History, Allegheny College, 1906'07; Associate
Professor of History, University of North Carolina, 1907-'09; Professor of
History, ibid., 1909.'
Patrick Henry Winston Professor of Law
Student, University of Texas, 1897-'98; University of North Carolina, 1899-1900;
Graduate, United States Military Academy, 1905; Student, University of North
Carolina School of Law, 1905; Professor of Law, ibid., 1909 — ; Student, Uni-
versity of Michigan, 1910.
William Morton Dey, Ph.D. . .Professor of the Romance Languages and Literatures
B.A., M.A., University of Virginia, 1902; Student in Paris, 1903; A.M., Harvard
University, 1904; Austin Teaching Fellow, ibid., 1905-'06; Ph.D., ibid., 1906;
Student in Spain and Italy, 1906; Assistant Professor of Romance Languages,
University of Missouri, 1906-'09; Professor of Romance Languages, University
of North' Carolina, 1909—.
Appendix. 803
Edwin Mims, Ph.D Professor of English
A.B., Vanderbilt University, 1892; Fellow and Assistant in English, ibid., 1892-'94;
M.A., ibid., 1893; Professor of English Literature, Trinity College (N. C),
1894-1908; Eellow and Assistant in History, Cornell University, 1896-'97;
Ph.D., ibid., 1900; Professor of English, University of North Carolina, 1908-'12;
Author of "The Life of Sidney Lanier" in the American Men of Letters Series;
Editor of Carlyle's "Essay on Burns," Stevenson's "Inland Voyage and Travels
with a Donkey," and Southern Prose and Poetry; Joint Editor, South Atlantic
Quarterly, 1905-'09 ; Contributor to leading American magazines.
Marvin Hendrix Stacy, A.M Professor of Civil Engineering
Ph.B., University of North Carolina, 1902; Instructor in Mathematics, ibid.,
1902-'06; A.M., ibid., 1904; Student, Cornell University, 1905, 1906, 1911; As-
sociate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of North Carolina, 1906-TO;
Professor of Civil Engineering, ibid., 1910 — .
James Finch Royster, Ph.D Professor of English
A.B., Wake Forest College, 1900; Student, University of Chicago, 1900-'02, Uni-
versity of Berlin, 1902-'03; Acting Instructor, University of Colorado, 1904-'0o;
Fellow, University of Chicago, 1905-'06; Associate, ibid., 1906-*07; Ph.D., ibid.,
1907; Associate Professor of English, University of North Carolina, 1907-T0;
Professor of English, ibid., 1910 — .
Lucius Polk McGehee, A.B Professor of Law
Dean of the Law School.
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1887; Student, School of Law, ibid,, 1890-'91;
Professor of Law, ibid., 1904-'09; Dean of the School of Law, 1910 — ; Associate
Editor of "American and English Encyclopaedia of Law"; Author of "Due
Process of Law."
Charles Wesley Bain, A.M Professor of Greek
Student, University of Virginia, lS83-'85; A.M., University of the South, 1895;
Professor of Ancient Languages, University of South Carolina, 1898-1910;
Professor of Creek, University of North Carolina, 1910 — ; Author, Homer's
"Odyssey," Bk. VI and Bk. VII, "Selections from Ovid," "Bain's First Latin
Book" ; Contributor to American Journal of Philology, Classical Review, The
Nation, and newspapers; Member Classical Association.
Atwell Campbell Mcintosh, A.M Professor of Law
A.B., Davidson College, 1881; A.M., ibid., 1887; Professor of Law, Trinity Col-
lege (N. C), 1904-'10; Professor of Law, University of North Carolina, 1910 — ;
Editor of "Cases in Contracts," 1908; Co-Editor with Professor S. F. Mordecai
(Trinity College), "Remedies by Selected Cases," 1910.
Harry Woodburn Chase, Ph.D Professor of the Philosophy of Education
A.B., Dartmouth College, 1904; Teacher in the Groveland High School (Mass.),
1904-'08; A.M., Dartmouth College, 1908; Director of the Clinic for Subnormal
Children, Clark University, 1909-TO; Ph.D., ibid., 1910; Professor of the Phil-
osophy of Education, University of North Carolina, 1910 — .
Wade Hampton Brown, B.S., M.D Professor of Pathology
B.S., University of Nashville, 1S99; Student, University of Chicago, 1902, 1903;
M.D., Johns Hopkins University, 1907; Instructor in Pathology and Bacteri-
ology, University of Virginia, 1907-'08; Instructor in Pathology, University of
Wisconsin, 1908-'10; Assistant Professor of Pathology, ibid., 1910-'ll; Pro-
fessor of Pathology, University of North Carolina, 1911 — .
Thomas James Wilson, Jr., Ph.D Associate Professor of Latin
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1894; A.M., ibid., 1S96; Ph.D., ibid., 1898;
Student, University of Chicago, 1903, 1906; Associate Professor of Latin,
University of North Carolina, 1902 — ; Registrar, ibid., 190S — -.
804 History of University of North Carolina.
Alvin Sawyer Wheeler, Ph.D Associate Professor of Organic Chemistry
A.B., Beloit College, 1890; Student, University of Chicago, 1895; Student, Cornell
University, 1897; A.M., Harvard University, 1897; Assistant in Chemistry,
ibid., 1897-1900; Ph.D., ibid., 1900; Associate Professor of Chemistry, Univer-
sity of .North Carolina, 1900 — ; Student, University of Berlin, University of
Bonn, Swiss Federal Polytechnic, 1910-'ll; Member of American Chemical
Society, German Chemical Society; Professor, 1912.
William Stanly Bernard, A.M Associate Professor of Greek
Student, Episcopal Theological Seminary (Va.), lS93-'95; A.B., University of
North Carolina, 1900; Librarian, ibid., 1900'01 ; Instructor in Greek, ibid.,
1901-"06; A.M., ibid., 1904; Associate Professor of Greek, ibid,, 1906—; Stu-
dent, University of Chicago, 1906, Columbia University, 1909, 1910, 1911.
Louis Round Wilson, Ph.D Associate Professor of Library Administration
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1899; Librarian, ibid., 1901 — ; A.M., ibid.,
1902; Ph.D., ibid,, 1905; Associate Professor of Library Administration, 1907 — ;
Student, Columbia University, 1910; Professor, 1912.
Robert Baker Lawson, M.D Associate Professor of Anatomy
Student, University of North Carolina, 1897-1900; M.D., University of Maryland,
1902; Instructor in Anatomy, University of North Carolina, 1905-'06; Demon-
strator in Anatomy, ibid., 1906-'08; Associate Professor of Anatomy, ibid.,
1908—.
George McEarland McKie, A.M Associate Professor of Public Speaking
Graduate, Emerson College of Oratory, 1898; A.B., A.M., University of North
Carolina, 1907; Student, Harvard University, 1907-'08; Instructor in English,
Universitv of North Carolina, 1899-1908; Associate Professor of Public Speak-
ing, ibid.", 1908—.
John Manning Booker, A.B Associate Professor of English
A.B., Johns Hopkins University, 1901; Student, University of Munich, University
of Heidelberg; Associate Professor of English, University of North Carolina,
1909—.
Oliver Towles, A.B Associate Professor of the Romance Languages
A.B., University of Virginia, 1906; Student, Johns Hopkins University, 1906-'09;
Student in Prance, 1908; Associate Professor of Romance Languages, University
of North Carolina, 1909—.
Parker Haywood Daggett, S.B Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering
Assistant in Electrical Engineering, Harvard University, 1908-'09; S.B., ibid,,
1910; Acting Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of North Caro-
lina, 1910; Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering, ibid., 1910 — ; Asso-
ciate Member, American Institute of Electrical Engineers; Member, Society for
the Promotion of Engineering Education; North Carolina Academy of Science:
Robert Anderson Hall, Ph.D Associate Professor of General Chemistry
B.A., University of Chicago, 1905; Assistant in Chemistry, ibid,, 1905-'07; Ph.D.,
ibid., 1907; Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Armour Institute of Technology,
1907-'08; Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Clemson College, 190S-'10; Asso-
ciate Professor of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, 1910 — -; Secre-
tary and Treasurer, Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society; Secretary and Treasurer
of the North Carolina Association of the American Chemical Society; North
Carolina Academy of Science.
James Munsie Bell, Ph.D Associate Professor of Physical Chemistry
B.A., University of Toronto, 1902; M.A., ibid., 1905; Assistant in Chemistry,
Cornell University, 1902-'03; Graduate Scholar in Chemistry, ibid., 1903'01;
Sage Eellow in Chemistry, ibid., 1904-'05; Ph.D., ibid., 1905; Associate Pro-
fessor of Physical Chemistry, University of North Carolina, 1910-'12; Scientist
in Soil Laboratory Investigation, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Appendix. 805
Thomas Felix Hickerson, A.M Associate Professor of Civil Engineering
Ph.B., University of North Carolina, 1904; Instructor in Mathematics, ibid.,
1905-'08; A.M., ibid., 1907; S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1909;
Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, University of North Carolina, 1910 — .
George Burridge Viles, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Germanic Languages and
Literatures.
A.B., Harvard University, 1892; Instructor in Modern Languages, Worcester
Polytechnic Institute, 1892-'95; A.M., Harvard University, 1896; Instructor
in German, Cornell University, 1896-1902; Ph.D., ibid., 1902; Student, Uni-
versity of Leipzig, 1902-'03; Instructor in German, Cornell University, 1903-'0-t;
Assistant Professor of Germanic Languages and Literatures, Ohio State Uni-
versity, 1904-'06; Associate Professor of Germanic Languages and Literatures,
ibid., 1906-'08; Diplome Superieur Alliance Francaise, Paris, 1908; Student.
The Sorbonne, 1908-'09; Acting Professor of Germanic Languages and Litera-
tures, University of North Carolina, 1910-'ll; Associate Professor of Germanic
Languages and Literatures, ibid., 1911-'12.
George Kenneth Grant Henry, A.M Instructor in Latin
A.B., Hamilton College, 1900; A.M., ibid., 1904; Instructor in Mathematics, Uni-
versity of North Carolina, 190S-'09; Instructor in Latin, ibid., 1909 — .
John Grover Beard, Ph.G Instructor in Pharmacv
Assistant in Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 1908-'O9; Ph.G., ibid., 1909*;
Instructor in Pharmacy, ibid., 1909 — .
Vivian Leroy Chrisler, A.M Instructor in Physics
A.B., Piedmont College. 1902 ; Assistant in Phvsics, Universitv of Nebraska.
1906-'09; B.S., ibid., 1908; A.M., ibid., 1909; Instructor in Science and Mathe-
matics, Piedmont College, 1909-TO; Instructor in Physics, University of North
Carolina, 1910—.
Theophilus Kandolph Eagles, Jr., A.B Instructor in Mathematics
A.M., University of North Carolina, 1908 ; Professor of Mathematics and Science,
Catawba College, 1908-'09; Professor of Mathematics, Bethany College, 1909-'10;
Instructor in Mathematics, University of North Carolina, 1910 — .
William Henry Fry, A.B Instructor in Geology
Assistant in Geology, University of North Carolina, 190S-T0; A.B., ibid., 1910;
Instructor in Geology, ibid., 1910 — .
George Mark Sneath, A.M Instructor in English
A.B., Yale University, 1907; A.M., ibid., 1910; Instructor in English, University
of North Carolina, 1910 — .
John Nottingham Ware, A.M Instructor in French
A.B., A.M., Kandolph-Macon College, 1901; Student in Paris, 1909; A.M., Johns
Hopkins Universitv, 1911; Instructor in French, University of North Carolina,
1910—.
John Wayne Lasley, A.M Instructor in Mathematics
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1910; Fellow in Mathematics, ibid., 1910-T1;
A.M., ibid., 1911; Instructor in Mathematics, ibid., 1911 — .
Daniel Huger Bacot, Jr., A.M Instructor in History
A.B., College of Charleston, 190S; Assistant in English, ibid., 1908-'09; A.M.,
ibid., 1909; Student, Harvard University, 1909-T1 ; A.M., ibid., 1910; Instruc-
tor in History, University of North Carolina, 1911 — .
John Elliott Wood, A.B Instructor in Drawing
A.B., University of North Carolina, 1911; Instructor in Drawing, ibid., 1911 — .
History of University of North Carolina.
James Talmage Dobbins, A.B Fellow in Chemistry
William Lewis Jeffries, A.B Toch Fellow in Chemistry
Charles Wilson Williard, S.B Ledoux Fellow in Chemistry
William Renn Thomas, A.B Fellow in Latin
Sheldon Asa Saunders Assistant in Anatomy
David Bryan Sloan, A.B Assistant in Bacteriology
William Battle Cobb Assistant in Botany
Paul Roby Bryan Assistant in Chemistry
Carnie Blake Carter Assistant in Chemistry
Clarence Ballew Hoke Assistant in Chemistry
Fleming Ross Weaver Assistant in Chemistry
Charles Alexander Vogler, A.B Assistant in Geology
Cyrus Dunlap Hogue, A.B Assistant in German
James Ambler Speight Assistant in Histology
Thaddeus Earl Wilkerson, Jr Assistant in Histology
Robert Willis Bobbitt Assistant in the Library
Thomas Michael Ramsaur Assistant in the Library
William White Rogers Assistant in the Library
Cyrus Richard Wharton Assistant in the Library
George Pickett Wilson Assistant in the Library
Caleb Knight Burgess Assistant in Physics
John Burton Clingman Assistant in Surveying
Wesley Critz George, A.B Assistant in Zoology
Lee Franklin Turlington, A.B Assistant in Zoology
Other Officers.
Walter Dallam Toy, M.A Secretary of the Faculty
Louis Round Wilson, Ph.D Librarian
Nan Spotswood Strudwick Assistant Librarian
Robert Baker Lawson, M.D Director of the Gymnasium
James Richard Allison Assistant in the Gymnasium
Julius Algernon Warren Treasurer
Vice Albert Edgar Woltz, A.M., Bursar, resigned.
Charles Thomas Woollen Proctor
Thomas James Wilson Registrar
Marvin Hendrix Stacy, A.M Recorder of Absences
Edward Pleasant Hall. .General Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association
Appendix.
807
DEGREES CONFERRED IN COURSE FROM THE REOPENING TO 1912,
INCLUSIVE
1877
Bachelor of Philosophy — William Battle
Phillips.
Bachelors of Science — Julian Meredith
Baker, Frank Murray Fremont, Joseph
Clay Powell, James Cole Taylor.
1878
Bachelors of Arts — Arthur Arrington.
James Hicks Faison, Charles Wilcher
Callaway, Edward John Hill, George
McCorkle, James Mann Nicholson,
Henry Thomas Watkins.
Bachelor of Philosophy — William Pinck-
ney C'line.
Bachelor of Science — Nathaniel Heath
Street.
1879
Bachelors of Arts — Kemp Plummer Bat-
tle, Jr., Richard Bullock Henderson,
William Lanier Hill, James Smith
Manning, John Moore Manning, Wil-
liam Joseph Peele, Alva Connell
Springs, Robert Strange, Francis Don-
nell Winston, Robert Watson Win-
ston.
Bachelor of Philosophy — Isaac Montrose
Taylor.
Bachelor of Science — Gaston Ahi Rob-
bins.
1880
Bachelors of Arts — Thomas Hall Battle,
Albert Lucien Coble, Locke Craig,
Henry Elias Faison, Ernest Haywood.
Roderic Belton John, Alexander Lacy
Phillips, Robert Ransom, Benjamin
Charles Sharpe, William Bonner
Slade, Latimer Clark Vaughan.
Bachelors of Philosophy— Charles Brant-
ley Aycock, William Archibald Betts,
Thomas Cook Brooks, Charles Cotes-
worth Cobb.
1881
Bachelors of Arts — William Jackson
Adams, John Morehead Avery, James
Everett Brady, Frank Battle Dancy.
Christopher Dudley Hill, Robert Oscar
Holt, Charles Duncan Mclver, John
Alton Mclver, Roderick McRae, Leon-
idas Lemay Mial, John William Neal,
Robert Paine Pell, Walter Everett
Philips, William Belfield Stewart,
Charles Randolph Thomas, Jr., John
Moseley Walker, Jr., Lucian Holmes
Walker, Robert Warren Winborne.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Robert Brooke
Albertson, William Edwin Erwin,
Eugene Lewis Harris, Frank Gordon
Hines, James Yadkin Joyner, James
Madison Leach, Jr., James Dixon
Murphy, William David Pemberton,
Noah James Rouse, James Hipkin
Ruffin.
Bachelors of Science— Herbert Bemerton
Battle, Alfred Nixon, Henry Thomas
Rumbough.
1882
Bachelors of Arts — -Robert Thomas
Bryan, Emile Alexander de Schweinitz,
Albert Sydney Grandy, David Amzi
Hampton, Jonathan Worth Jackson,
Alexander Worth McAlister, Frederick-
Nash Skinner, George Gregory Wilson,
Charles William Worth.
Bachelors of Philosophy — -Edwin Ander-
son Alderman, Alvis Waldo Allen,
Allen Turner Davidson, Jr., David
Sloan Kennedv, George Walter Whit-
sett.
Bachelors of Science — -Thomas Dudlev
Stokes, Richard Street White.
1883
Bachelors of Arts — Robert Percy Gray,
Numa Fletcher Heitman, Charles
Lucien Riddle, Charles Watts Smedes,
Evert Bancker Smedes, Preston
Stamps, Henry Erwin Thompson,
Henry Horace Williams.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Edmund Ruf-
fin, Ira Thomas Turlington, John
Francis Wilkes.
Bachelors of Science — Charles TJrquhart
Hill, Thomas Radcliffe, Bartlett Shipp.
Bachelor of Laics — James Daniel Haizlip.
Master of Arts — Henry Horace Williams.
Doctor of Philosophy — William Battle
Phillips.
1884
Bachelors of Arts — Missouri Robert
Hamer, Thomas Samuel Osborne, Wil-
liam George Randall, Samuel Bryant
Turrentine, Lee Martin Warlick.
8o8
History of University of North Carolina.
Bachelors of Philosophy — John Lemuel
Borden, Samuel Mallett Gattis, An-
drew Jackson Harris, Jesse Bowden
Hawes, James Lee Love, James Daniel
Miller, Edward Daniel Monroe, James
Cole Roberts, Thomas R-chard Rouse,
Benjamin Franklin White, Julian
Wood.
1885
Bachelors of Arts — Marion Butler,
Adolphus Hill Eller, Edwin Michael
Foust, Alexander Jones Feild, Augus-
tus White Long, Ernest Preston Man-
gum, Julian Smith Mann. Berrie
Chandler Mclver, James Randlett
Monroe, Wallace Carl Riddick, Solo-
mon Cohen Weill.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Erastns Genair
Goodman, Atherton Barnes Hill,
George Howard, Jr., Max Jackson,
Heber Amos Latham, Richard Smith
Neal, John Urquhart Newman, Alfred
Decatur Ward, Jesse Felix West.
Bachelors of Science — James Alexander
Bryan, Walter Lee Norris, St. Leon
Scull.
Doctor of Philosophy — Emile Alexander
de Schweinitz.
Bachelors of Laics — Sidney Thomas
Beckwith, John Whitaker ' Wood.
1886
Bachelors of Arts — Oliver Clegg Bynum,
William Houston Carroll, Edward
Bost Cline, Pierre Bayard Cox, Frank
Dixon, Samuel Spencer Jackson,
Joseph John Jenkins, Jr., Pierre Beau-
regard Manning, John Motley More-
head, Gilbert Brown Patterson, Wil-
liam Henry Rice, William Augustus
Self, Malcolm McGilvary Shields,
James Thomas, Stephen Beauregard
Weeks, Nathan Hunt Daniel Wilson,
Jr.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Lewis Junius
Battle, Walter Seaton Dunston.
Charles Taylor Grandy, Luther Bell
Grandy, Herbert Worth Jackson,
Frank' Milton Little, William Dun-
wood Pollock, John Frank Schenck.
Bachelors of Science — George Lane
Patrick, Kirby Smith Uzzell, Robert
Lee Uzzell.
Bachelor of Laws — Solomon Cohen
Weill.
Master of Arts — Ernest Preston Man-
gum.
1887
Bachelors of Arts — Joseph Henry Baker,
Louis Milton Bourne, William H.
McDonald, Lucius Polk McGehee, John
Fenelon Mclver, William Hamilton
McNeill, Joseph Algernon Morris,
Haywood Parker, Albert Marchant
Simmons, Claudius Ferdinand Smith,
Henry Reuben Starbuck, Will'am
Stronach Wilkinson, Delonza Tate
Wilson.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Robert Turn-
bull Burwell, Claudius Dockery,
Richard Nathaniel Hackett, Jacob
Coart Johnson, Vernon W. Long,
James McGuire, Jr., Henry Fries
Shaffner, William R. Tucker."
Bachelor of Science — Robert Gilliam
Grissom.
Masters of Arts — Samuel Bryant Tur-
rentine, Stephen Beauregard Weeks.
Doctor of Philosophy — Herbert Bemer-
ton Battle.
1888
Bachelors of Arts — Eugene Morehead
Armfield. Oliver Douglas Batchelor,
William James Battle, Hayne Davis.
Luther Bell Edwards. William Ed-
wards Headen, St. Clair Hester, Henry
Watson Lewis, William Myers Little.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Charles
George Foust. Francis Marion Harper,
Maxcy Luther John, Malvern Hill
Palmer. Robert Lee Smith, Eugene
Percival Withers.
Bachelors of Science — Archie Braswell.
Jr.. William Jackson Beauregard
Dail. Thomas Joseph Eskridge, Benoni
Thorp.
Bachelor of Laws — Frank Drew.
Doctor of Philosophy — Stephen Beaure-
gard Weeks.
1889
Bachelors of Arts — Herbert Clement,
Daniel Johnson Currie, Mills Roberts
Eure, Logan Douelas Howell, Lacy
LeGrand Little, William Stone Rober-
son, Charles Aurelius Webb, William
Albert Wilson.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Caleb Gilmer
Cates, Walter Makepeace Curtis,
James E. B. Davis, Walter Monroe
Hammond, John Sprunt Hill, Thomas
Lake Moore, Aaron A. F. Seawell, Jr.,
Alexander Stronach, Clinton White
Toms, George Stockton Wills, Henry
Gilliam Wood.
Appendix.
809
Bachelor of Science — Hunter Lee Harris.
Master of Arts — William James Battle.
1890
Bachelors of Arts — John Dillard Bel-
lamy, John Wooten Graham, Ralph
Herschell Holland, Henry Johnston.
Alexander Mclver, Jr., Joseph Beattie
Philbeck, James Jones Philips, Charles
Alexander Rankin, Howard Burton
Shaw.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Gaston Battle,
Victor Silas Bryant, Julius Isaac
Foust, Hugh Lee Miller, Oscar Lamay
Sapp, William Francis Shaffner, Wil-
liam Seaton Snipes, George Hinton
Vance Tilley.
Bachelors of Science — James Craig
Braswell, Paul Lee Woodard.
Master of Arts — St. Clair Hester.
Doctor of Philosophy — William James
Battle.
1891
Bachelors of Arts — -William Johnston
Andrews, Francis Howard Batchelor,
Shepard Bryan, Jesse Lee Cuninggim.
Palmer Dalrymple, John Martin
Fleming, Edwin Roberson McKethan,
Charles Staples Mangum, William
Henry Wills.
Bachelors of Philosophy — McCord
Wright Ball, Wm. Watkins Davies,
Jr., Robert Ransom Eason, George
Mordecai Graham, Paul Cameron
Graham, Andrew Henry Patterson,
George Ransom, Seymour Columbus
Thompson.
Bachelors of Science— John Motley
Morehead, William Luther Spoon.
Bachelors of Letters — Will' am Willard
Ashe, George Hendon Currie.
Bachelors of Engineering — Joseph Vol-
ney Lewis, Andrew Henry Patterson,
Howard Burton Shaw, Wiiliam Luther
Spoon.
Bachelors of Laws — Edwin Wray Mar-
tin, Calvert Goosley Peebles, Robert
Burwell Redwine, Alexander Stronach.
Master of Arts — James Edward Fo-
gartie.
1892
Bachelors of Arts — -William Douglas
Buie, George Whitfield Connor, Wil-
liam Edward Darden, Bart Moore
Gatling, Frank Carter Mebane, Wal-
lace Eugene Rollins, Frederick LeRoy
Willcox.
Bachelors of Philosophy — George Henry
Crowell, Samuel Lee Davis, Charles
Felix Harvey.
Bachelor of Science — Charles Basker-
ville.
Bachelors of Letters — -Plato Collins,
Leonard Charles Van Xoppen.
Bachelors of Engineering — Thomas Ros-
well Foust, Richard Benjamin Hunter.
Bachelor of Laics — Alphonso Linwood
Gregory.
1893
Bachelors of Arts — Samuel Francis
Austin. John Morgan Cheek, Robert
Mayo Davis, James Archibald Jones.
Alexander Hamilton Koonce, James
Thomas Pugh, Edwin Mood Wilson.
Bachelors of Philosophy — James Craw-
ford Biggs, Perrin Busbee, Fordyce
Cunningham Harding, Elbert Alfred
Move, Jr., Howard Edward Rond-
thaler, William Boylan Snow, Victor
Emanuel Whitlock. Edward Payson
Willard, William Preston Wooten.
Bachelors of Science — Alfred Smith
Barnard, Arthur Joseph Edwards,
Herbert Reeves Ferguson.
Bachelors of Letters — Alexander Boyd
Andrews, Jr., Archie Hendon McFad-
yen, Zenobian Ilmer Walser.
Bachelor of Engineering — Michael Hoke.
Bachelor of Laws — Edwin Robeson
McKethan.
1894
Bachelors of Arts — Espy Watts Braw-
ley, William Pinkney Martin Currie.
Alexander Caswell Ellis, Ernest Eu-
gene Gillespie, Thomas Bailey Lee.
Jesse Morrow Oldham, Louis Melanc-
thon Swink, Thomas Jair.es Wilson,
Jr.
Bachelors of Philosophy — William Fred-
erick Harding, Simeon Addison Hod-
gin, George Roscoe Little, James Saw-
yer, Thomas Carlisle " Smith, Jr..
Eugene Malcolm Snipes, Nathan Toms.
Bachelors of Science — Hugh Hamilton
Atkinson, James Robert Harris, Wil-
liam Rand Kenan, Jr., George Edward
Petty, Charles Roberson, Charles
Henry White, Joseph Walker Yates.
Bachelors of Letters — Leslie Edwin
Barnes, Lyttle Nowlen Hickerson,
Thomas Scott Rollins, Charles Leon-
ard Van Noppen, Benjamin Wyche.
Bachelors of Laws — Victor Hugo Boy-
den, Claudius Dockery.
8io
History of University of North Carolina.
Master of Arts — James Thomas Pugh.
Doctor of Philosophy — Charles Basker-
ville.
1895
Bachelors of Arts — Herbert Bingham,
Lucius Moody Bristol, John Thomas
Farrell, William Alexander Graham,
Herman Harrell Home, William
Claudius McAlister, Daniel K. McRae,
John Allen Moore, Charles Root
Turner, Walter Crump Wicker, Mar-
shall Hill Yount.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Joe Eli Alex-
ander, Wilmot Brown Allen, Lautrec
Cranmer Brogden, George Humphrey
Carpenter, Frederick Louis Carr,
James Osbourne Carr, Harry Howell,
Ashbel Brown Kimball, John Worth
McAlister, Holland McTyeire Thomp-
son, Charles Fawcett Tomlinson, Les-
lie Weil, Robert Edward Zachary.
Bachelors of Science — Murray Borden,
Thomas Evans Westman Brown,
Henry Edward Cohen Bryant, James
Frierson Gaither, William Clarence
Kluttz, Dudley Lindsey, Thomas
Robinson Little, John Edward Mat-
tocks, Edward Warren Myers, John
Legerwood Patterson^ Robert Thomas
Stephen Steele.
Bachelors of Letters — -Augustus Lee
Quickel, William Levy Scott, William
Jackson Weaver.
Bachelors of Laws — -Henry Clark
Bridgers, George Mordecai Graham,
Fordyce Cunningham Harding, Guy
Carlton Lee.
Masters of Arts — -Herman Harrell
Home, Jesse Morrow Oldham, Mar-
shall Hill Yount.
1896
Bachelors of Arts — Richard Gold Alls-
brook, McKay Bernard Aston, Van
Astor Batchelor. Edward Parrish
Carr, John William Canada, John
Hamilton Coble, Leslie Ballard Evans,
Edwin Clarke Gregory, David Flowers
Nicholson, Westcott Roberson, William
Robert Webb, Jr.. James .Samuel
White, William Thomas Woodley, Jr.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Frederick Fries
Bahnson, Thomas Pleasant Braswell,
Jr., Daniel Rice Bryson, John Carlton
Eller, James Alfred Gwyn, Robert
Palemon Jenkins, Alfred Hargrave
Robbins, Thomas Allen Sharpe, Wil-
liam Cunningham Smith, George Gul-
lett Stephens.
Bachelors of Science — Walter Vernon
Brem, Jr., Thomas Clarke, Robert
Ervin Coker, George Hughes Kirby,
William Belo Lemly, Thomas Frank-
lin Sanford, John Francis Shaffner,
Jr., Benjamin Edward Stanly, Joseph
Harvey White, Walter Henderson
Woodson.
Bachelors of Letters — Charles Walter
Briles, James Gatling Hollowell, Ed-
ward Foy Rollins, Royal Graham
Shannonhouse.
Bachelor of Laics — Luther Thompson
Hartsell.
Masters of Arts — William Edward
Darden, Thomas James Wilson.
Masters of Philosophy — John Allen
Moore, George Stockton Wills.
Master of Science — John Edward Mat-
tocks.
1897
Bachelors of Arts — Burton Craige,
Thomas Judson Creekmore, William
Andrew Crinkley, Darius Eatman,
Ralph Henry Graves, William Daniel
Harward, Fabius Julius Haywood, Jr.,
William Johnston Horney, William
Cobb Lane, Samuel Tilden Liles, Wil-
liam Starr Myers, Sylvester Brown
Shepherd, Wingate Underhill, Robert
Vance Whitener, Albert Franklin Wil-
liams, Jr., Joseph Solon Williams, Joe
Suttle Wray.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Arch Turner
Allen, William Donald Carmichael,
Jr.. Allen Howard Edgerton, Reverson
Smith Fletcher, John Archie Long,
William Herbert McNairy, Oscar
Newby, David Baird Smith, Lionel
Weil.
Bachelors of Science — Percy Canaday,
Samuel Pearson Copple, Henry Groves
Connor, Jr., Stanford Hunter Harris,
Ira Nathaniel Howard, William John-
son Nichols, Bryan Whitfield Weston,
Robert Herring Wright, Thomas
Loftin Wright.
Bachelors of Letters — Arthur Williams
Belden, William Willis Boddie, Wil-
liam Stamps Howard, Ferdie Badger
Johnson, Jay Dick Lentz, Donald
Mclver, Adolphus Williamson Man-
mi m.
Appendix.
8ii
Bachelors of Laws — Lewis Lake Rose.
Edwin Sanders Smith.
Master of Arts — Daniel Johnson Currie.
Master of Science — Robert Ervin Coker.
1898
Bachelors of Arts — Edward Lawrence
Abbott, Ira Edgerton Dwight Andrews,
Richard Smith Busbee, Charles Stuart
Carr, Samuel Pearson Copple, Pleas-
ant Daniel Gold, Jr., Archibald Hen-
derson, Charles Hughes Johnston,
Richard Henry Lewis, Jr., John Gil-
christ McCormick, John Kenneth
Pfohl, Sallie Walker Stockard, Wil-
liam Thomas Usrv, John Frederick
Webb.
Bachelors of Philosophy — -Lorenzo James
Bell, Willis James Brogden, Calvert
Rogers Dey, Edward Kidder Graham.
Percy Wood McMullan. James Daniel
Parker, Edward Emmett Sams, Oscar
Milton Suttle.
Bachelors of Science — Vernon Luther
Brown, Robert Edward Follin. Fred
Wooten Foscue, John Wright Johnson,
Eddie Kevin Moize, Walter Ric2
Thompson, Herbert Dillon Walker.
Percy Du Ponceau Whitaker. Paul
Cameron Whitlock.
Bachelors of Letters — William Grimes
Haywood, Henry Faison Pierce.
Bachelors of Laics — Charles Exuni Best.
William Demsie Grimes, Samuel
Selden Lamb, Oliver Stockard Kewlin.
Masters of Arts — -Ralph Henry Graves,
John Knox Hair.
Doctor of Philosophy — Thomas James
Wilson.
1899
Bachelors of Arts — Charles Skinner
Alston, Edward Stephenson Askew.
Mardsden Bellamy, Jr., Charles Con-
nor Brown. Cameron Belo Buxton.
John Robert Carr, Julian Shakespeare
Carr, Jr., Francis William Coker, Wil-
liam Edward Cox, Walter Scott
Crawford, Claude Baker Denson, Jr..
John Donnelly, Jesse Knight Dozier.
John Mabry Greenfield, Jr., Junius
Daniel Grimes, Henry Patrick Hard
ing, Joseph Henry Hewitt, Howard
Braxton Holmes, Virgil Laurens
Jones, Warren Lawson Kluttz, Jr..
Edward Mayo Land, Benjamin Ben-
son Lane, Jr., Henry Mauger London,
John McLauchlin McFadyen, Francis
Moore Osborne, Joseph Murdon Sit-
ter son, Jr., George Davis Vick, Harry
Legare Watson, Louis Round Wilson,
Ernest Horatio Woodson.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Thomas Con-
tee Bowie, Edgar David Broadhurst,
Charles Stafford Canada, Robert Diggs
Wimberly Connor, Fred Jackson Cox.
Blanford Barnard Dougherty, Charles
Foust Harris, Eugene Fuller Hartley,
Robert Gilliam Kittrell, James Ed-
ward Latta, Henry McGilbert Wag-
staff, William Sidney Wilson.
Bachelors of Science — James Philips
Bunn, Julius Alexander Caldwell, Jr.,
Everett Augustine Lockett, Alexander
Clinton Miller, Edmund Vogler Pat-
terson, Thomas Gilbert Pearson,
Samuel Watson Reaves, Edward Jen-
ner Wood.
Bachelor of Laws — Thomas Davis War-
ren.
Graduates in Pharmacy — Charles Day-
ton Gruver. Charles Henry Smith.
Thomas William Kendrick, David
Clarence Swindell.
Masters of Arts — Katherine Cecilia
Ahern, Archibald Henderson, William
Johnston Horney, Mary Pearson Ken-
drick.
1900
Bachelors of Arts — Stonewall Jackson
Adams, Thomas Tillett Allison, Hal-
cott Anderson. Joseph Jennings As-
bury. Alfred Rives Berkeley, William
Stanley Bernard, Thaddeus Ainsley
Cheatham, Henry Clay Cowles, Jr..
Robert Green Singleton Davis, Peter
Harden Eley, Ernest Graves. John
Wesley Greening. Charles Franklin
Hoell, Thomas Hume. Jr.. Kemp
Plummer Lewis, James Alexander
Lockhart, Jr., James Buckner Massey.
David Preston Parker, Charles
Grandison Rose. Bessie Staley. Wil-
■ liam Gilmer Wharton.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Allen Johnson
Barwick, William Frank Bryan,
Thomas Jefferson Byerly, George Kel-
son Coffey, Nathaniel Cortland Curtis.
John Wetmore Hinsdale, Jr.. Frank
Whiteley Hollowell, Alice Edwards
Jones, Claude Lee Miller, John Augus-
tus Moore, Ernest Long Neville,
Henry Reynolds, Thomas Donnelly
8l2
History of University of North Carolina.
Rice, Charles Everett Thompson,
Needham Erastus Ward, Fonso Butler
Watkins, Henry Evan Davie Wilson.
Bachelors of Science — Lester VanNoy
Branch, George Chadbourn, Joseph
Erwin Gant, Isaac Foust Harris.
Williamson Edward Hearn, Augustus
Henry Jarratt, Thaddeus Winfleld
Jones, Jr., Marcia Louise Latham.
Bachelor of Letters — Graham Woodard.
Bachelors of Laws — James C. McRae,
Jr., Samuel Eakin Shull.
Masters of Arts — Charles Connor
Brown, Claude Baker Deiison, Thomas
Hume, Jr., Francis Moore Osborne,
Sallie Walker Stockard.
igoi
Bachelors of Arts — Eben Alexander. Jr.,
Joseph Emery Avent, Philip Hall
Busbee, Charles Paul Coble, James
Sion Cook, Calvin Duvall Cowles, Jr.,
Bayard Thurman Cowper, John Cris
topher Blucher Ehringliaus, Archibald
Wright Graham, Emmett Carlyle
Gudger, James King Hall, Wilton
Daniel Harrington, Metrah Makeley,
Jr., William Alexander Murphy, Na-
thaniel Gross Newman, Frank Bi saner
Rankin, William McLelland Steven
son, Kenneth Bayard Thigpen.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Edward Bar
ham Cobb, Palmer Cobb, James Robert
Conley, Royall Oscar Eugene Davis,
William Davis, Arthur Worth Hardin,
John Lory Harris, Robert Franklin
Jenkins, Luren Thomas Johnson.
Seaton Gales Lindsay, Claude Robert-
son Mclver, John Wesley Roberts, Jr..
Benjamin Smith Skinner, Nathaniel
Cooper Starke, Luke Leary Stevens
John Frank Stokes, Wiley Hampton
Swift, Dorman Steele Thompson, John
William Turrentine, Emmett Clive
Willis.
Bachelors of Science — Neill Robert
Blackmail, Baird Urquhart Brooks.
Robert Lindsay Ellington, Andrew
Allgood Holmes, John Gerald Murphy,
Aldert Smedes Root, Clarence Albert
Shore, Wesley Bethel Speas, David
Maxwell Swink, Herman Weil.
Bachelors of Laius — Plummer Stewart,
Orlando Hobson Sumpter, Kingsland
Van Winkle.
Masters of Arts — -Alfred Rives Berkeley,
Benjamin Benson Lane, James Ed-
ward Latta, David Preston Parker.
Doctors of Philosophy — Archibald Hen
derson, James Edward Mills.
1902
Bachelors of Arts — Walter Monroe
Brown, Christiana Busbee, Rufus Ben-
jamin Chastain, Joseph Blount
Cheshire, Jr., Brent Skinner Drane,
Richard Nixon Duffy, Julius Fletcher
Duncan, Louis Graves, Eugene Price
Gray, Quentin Gregory, Pinckney
Broadfield Groome, John Steele Hen-
derson, Jr., Alonzo Commodore Kerley,
Ivey Foreman Lewis, Robert Amsei
Merritt, Frank Abton Lunsford Reid,
Henry Blount Short, Jr., James
Thomas Smith, William Faris Staf-
ford, George Phifer Stevens, Reston
Stephenson, Buxton Barker Williams.
Robert Ransom Williams.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Thaddeus
Awasaw Adams, David Clark Ballard,
Tod Robinson Brem, Minna Curtis
Bynum, Simon Justus Everett, Gardi-
ner Marion Garren, Mary Groome,
Robert Stuart Hutchison, Charles An-
drews Jonas, James Harry Mclver,
Warren Stebbins Prior, Birdie Pritch-
ard, Henry Moring Robins, Guy Ver-
non Roberts, Edward Duncan Sallen-
ger, Marvin Hendrix Stacy, David
Pony Stern, John Edward Swain.
Bachelors of Science — Claude Oliver
Abernethy, Charles Metcalfe Byrnes,
Albert Marvin Carr, John Atkinson
Ferrell, Robert Linn Godwin, Fred
Henry Lemly, Robert Arthur Litchten-
thaeler, Eugene Grissom Moss, Thomas
Clifford Oliver, Thomas Clemson
Worth.
Bachelors of Laws — John Frazier Glenn,
Whitehead Kluttz, Edward Joseph
Nelson.
Graduate in Pharmacy — B enjamin
Franklin Page.
Masters of Arts — Minna Curtis Bynum,
Julius Fletcher Duncan, Jacob War-
shaw, Louis Round Wilson.
Masters of Science — Lester VanNoy
Branch, Clarence Albert Shore, John
William Turrentine.
Appendix.
8i3
1903
Bachelors of Arts — Graham Harris An-
drews, Green Ramsey Berkeley, Curtis
Ashley Bynum, Milton Calder, Newton
Fernando Far low, John Reston Giles,
William Jones Gordon, William Archi-
bald Graham, George Jackson Green,
Francis Sylvester Hassell, Bartholo-
mew Fuller Huske, Charles Earl John-
son, Jr., George Lyle Jones, Harry
Murray Jones, John Henry McAden,
Henry Richard McFayden, Rufus
Clegg Morrow, Arthur Lee Moser.
Lester Leonidas Parker, Edward Ray,
John Kirkland Ross, Braston Isaiah
Tart, Henry Gray Turner, Nathan
Wilson Walker, Harold Whitehurst.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Burke Hay-
wood Bridgers, William Frederick
Carr, Robert Beatty Collins, Preston
Cummings, Gaston Gilbert Galloway,
Thomas Jackson Gold, Thomas Lenoir
Gwyn, Frederick Moir Hanes, Robert
Withington Herring, Earle Pendleton
Holt, James Wiley Horner, Zebulon
Vance Judd, Charles Edward Mad-
dry, James Lathrop Morehead, Joseph
Edmund Pearson, Harry Pelham
Stevens, Roach Sydney Stewart,
George Robert Ward, Georse William
Willcox, Jesse Womble Willcox.
Bachelors of Science — -Hugh Hammond
Bennett, Edward Buehler Clement,
Reuben Oscar Everett, Thomas Bled-
soe Foust, Marshall Renfro Glenn,
George Washington Graham, Edmund
Alexander Hawes, Jr., Hazel Holland,
Joshua John Skinner, James Battle
Thorpe, Jacob Tomlinson, Hubert
Raymond Weller.
Bachelors of Lairs — Julius Fletcher
Duncan, John Christopher Blucher
Ehringhaus,' James Breeden Gibson,
Charles Upchurch Harris. William
Frank Smathers.
Graduates in Pharmacy — David Archie
Bulluck, John Edward Koonce, Wil-
liam Morgan Perry, Thomas Floyd
Rhodes.
Masters of Arts — John Kirkland Ross,
George Phifer Stevens, Reston Steven-
son.
Masters of Science — Isaac Foust Har-
ris, Ivey Foreman Lewis.
Doctor of Philosophy — Royall Oscar
Eugene Davis.
Doctors of Medicine — -Zebulon Marvin
Caveness. Willis Dowd Gilmore, Wil-
liam DeBerniere MacNider, Martin
Luther Matthews.
1904
Bachelors of Arts — Gray Archer,
Clarence Edward Betts, Addison Gor-
gas Brenizer, Jr., Albert Lyman Cox,
Edgar Samuel Williamson Dameron,
Erasmus Alston Daniel, Jr., William
Wooten Eagles, William Fisher, Jr.,
Fletcher Harrison Gregory, Severn
Green Haigh, Alfred Williams Hay-
wood, Jr., William Pickard Jacocks,
Graham Kenan, Wade Hampton Mann,
Robert Oliver Miller, George Willis
Oldham, Edgar Eugene Randolph,
Willie Calvin Rankin, Sidney Swaim
Robins, Lawrence Erastus Rudisill,
Charles Phillips Russell, Marshall
Cobb Staton, Theodore King Sutton,
James Horner Winston.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Ernest Frank-
lin Bohannon, Edward Augustus
Council, Virgil Clayton Daniels, Wil-
liam Dunn, Jr., Neill Ray Graham
Ralph Moore Harper, Thomas Felix
Hickerson, Rolanda Clarence Holton
Andrew Hall Johnston, Albert White
head Latta, Luther Bynum Lockhart
Walter Frederick McCanless, Evander
McNair Mclver, John Sprunt Newton
William Ewell Osborne, Ernest Lin-
wood Sawyer, Ernest Sifford, John
Henry Vaughan, William Afbury
Whitaker, Jr., Harry Wooding Win-
stead, Walter Poole Wood.
Bachelors of Science — Harry Barber
Frost, Lawrence Shackleford Holt, Jr.,
James Preston Irwin, George Ander-
son Johnston, Williams McKim Mar-
riott, Theodore Davidson Morrison,
Wesley Benton Owen. Jr., John Henry
Pearson, Jr., Welborn Earl Pharr.
Bachelors of Laics — Theodore Garfield
Britton, Robert Withington Herring,
Joseph Bunn Ramsey.
Graduates in Pharmacy — Numa Duncan
Bitting, John Gustavus Greene, John
Thomas Howell, John Bunyan LeGwin.
Masters of Arts — William Stanly Ber-
nard, Albert Lyman Cox, William
Jones Gordon, Joseph Bascomb Huff.
Alice Edward Jones, Marvin Hendrix
Stacv.
5i4
History of University of North Carolina.
Master of Science — Robert Arthur Lich-
tenthaeler.
Doctors of Medicine — Marshall Crapon
Guthrie, Frank Louis Sharpe, John
Haywood Stanley, Arthur Ponder
Willis.
1905
Bachelors of Arts — Samuel Bell Boone,
Lindo Brigman, Claiborn MacDowell
Carr, Walter Francis Cole, Francis
Augustus Cox, James Shepard Dun-
can, Charles James Hendley, Thomas
Bragg Higdon, Jasper Victor Howard.
Hamilton McRary Jones, Stroud Jor-
dan, Albert Hill King, Roger Gregory
Lewis. Frank McLean, Leonard
Walker Matthews, Austin Flint
Nichols, George Lucas Paddison, Otko
Bessent Ross, Louis Gustavus Roun-
tree, George Currie Singletary, New-
man Alexander Townsend, Charles
Manly Walters. George Thomas
Whitaker. Jonn Kenvon Wilson, Isaac
Clark Wright.
Bachelors of Philosophy — William Gray
Amick, Charles Carroll Barnhardt,
James Frederick Brower, William
Cecil Cathey, John Robert Cox. Hubert
Barnard Gudger, Julia Hamlet Har-
ris, Hubert Benbury Haywood, Penlie
Briscoe Ledbetter. Charles Walter
Miller, Andrew Jackson Moore, Albert
Morris Noble, Jr.. Walter Kenneth
Perrett, Rex William Perry, Judge
Buxton Robertson, Paul Hamilton
Rogers, Charles Henry Sloan. William
Miller Wilson, Clement Wren.
Bachelors of Science — Harry Ardell Al-
lard, Henry Wiley Davis, Julian Col-
gate Hines, Jr., Laughlin McLeod
Kelly, Robert Gilliam Lassiter. Henry
Stewart Lewis, George Mallett
MacNider, James Bumgardner Mur-
phy, Kemp Battle Nixon, Robert Prim-
rose Noble, Wade Hampton Oldham.
Henry Hyman Philips, William
Thomas Shore, George Leary Tabor,
John Jovner Tyson, Henry Venable
Worth.
Bachelors of Laws — Walter Clark, Jr.,
William Russell Clegg, Preston Sims
Cotten, Edward Holden Farris, Joseph
Branner Gilmer, Vannon Lamar
Gudger, Harry McMullan.
Graduates in Pharmacy — James Mack
Cutchins, Jr., Clarence Flagler, Leoni-
das Coleman Griffin, Alvis Patterson.
Masters of Arts — Virgil Clayton Daniels,
William Pickard Jacocks, Mabell
Shippin Clarke Pelton, Marion Timo-
thy Plyler, John Henry Vaughan.
Albert Carlton Whitehead, Isaac
Clark Wright.
Doctor of Philosophy — Louis Round
Wilson.
Doctors of Medicine — Charles Everett
Conwell, Quinton Henry Cooke, John
Bensell Cranmer, John Donnelly, Mont
Royall Farrar, Joseph Newitt Moore,
Leone Burns Newell, Ralph Sanders
Stevens, Lorenzo Stevenson Webb.
1906
Bachelors of Arts— Frederick Archer,
Barrie Bascom Blackwelder, Roy Mel-
ton Brown, Theophilus Parker
Cheshire, Frederick Mull Crawford.
Junius Blake Goslen, Ray Henry,
Hamilton Chamberlain Jones, Walter
Raleigh Jones, William Herbert Kib-
ler. Brownie Augusta Lambertsin.
Walter Bennett Love, Hugh White
McCain, Rufus William McCulloch.
Robert Henry McLain, William Henry
Lee Mann, Thomas Grier Miller.
Samuel Timothy Nicholson, Joseph
Ezekiel Pogue, Jr., Benjamin Franklin
Royal, Jacob Andrew Rudisill, Perry
Edgar Seagle, Victor Lee Stephenson.
William Merriman Upchurch, Benja-
min Earl Washburn, John Wallace
Winborne.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Agnew Hunter
Bahnson, Edmund Strudwick Burwell,
Archie Carter Dalton. Frank Parker
Drane, Ambrose Hill Hoyle, Henry
Ward Littleton, John Archibald
Parker, John Gilliam Wood, Jr.
Bachelors of Science — Eric Alonzo Aber-
nethy. LeRoy Franklin Abernethy,
Risden Tyler Allen, Robert Edward
Calder, William Lawrence Grimes,
Francis Marshall Weller.
Bachelors of Laws — Samuel Tilden An-
sell, Charles Clarke Loughlin, Jerome
Rea Moore, Henry Hyman Philips,
Thomas William Simmons, Edgar
Thomas Snipes, John Kenvon Wilson.
Graduates in Pharmacy — Numa Frank-
lin Marsh, Ira Winfield Rose.
Masters of Arts — John Turrentine Cobb,
James Moses Grainger, Edgar Eugene
Randolph, Otho Bessent Ross.
Appendix.
8i5
Master of Science — George Andrew
Johnson.
Doctors of Medicine — Claude Oliver
Abernethy, James Garrett Anderson,
Arthur Brown English, Logan Elmore
Farthing, Battle Applewhite Hocutt,
Harry Murray Jones, William Stona
Jordan, George Ammie. McLemore,
George Hamlet Merritt, Jesse Womble
Willcox, Charles Bemis Wilkerson.
1907
Bachelors of Arts — George Sitgreaves
Attmore, Jr., Marvin Arthur Bowers,
Clarence Victor Cannon, Numa Beid
Claytor, Ernest Leach Cole, Edwin
Erwin Connor, James Herron D'Alem-
berte. Boby Council Day, Thomas
Wyatt Dickson, William Samuel Dick-
son, William Henry Duls, Francis
Gillam, DeLeon Fillyaw Green, Oscar
Lawrence Hardin, *Bobinson Battle
Hardison, Oscar Vernon Hicks, Leon-
ard Boss Hoffman, Harvey Hatcher
Hughes, Norman Hughes, William
Shearer Hunter, Edwin Bedford Jef-
fress. Jr., William Adrian Jenkins.
Charles Jackson Katzenstein, Charles
Herbert Keel, Thomas Cleveland
Kerns, George Ferree Leonard, James
Thomas McAden, William Tillman
McGowan, George McFarland McKie,
William DeBoy McLean, Quincy
Sharpe Mills, Allen Turner Morrison,
Stuart Grayson Noble, John Johnston
Barker, Luther Wood Barker, John de
Jarnett Bemberton, Wiley Hassell
Marion Fittman, Samuel Wharton
Rankin, Percy Hoke Royster, Wilbur
High Boyster, Terry Donnell Sharpe,
Henry Lee Sloan, Thomas Howey Sut-
ton, Jr., Duncan Patterson Tillett,
Charles Lewis Weill, John Carroli
Wiggins, Victor Williams.
Bachelors of Philosophy — M!chael Benn
Cummings, Thomas Holt Haywood,
Ernest Clyde Herring, Edwin McKoy
Highsmith, James Burton James.
Stahle Linn, John Mosely Bobinson,
William Smith O'Brien Robinson, Jr.,
Kirby Cleveland Sidbury, - Stanley
Winborne.
Bachelors of Science — Daisy Burrows
Allen, William Jefferson Barker, Boy
Britchard Burns, Hampden Hill,
Hubert Hill, Thomas O'Berry, Charles
Cleveland Sharpe, Frederick Boothe
Stem.
Baclielors of Laws — Benjamin Kittrell
Lassiter, Bennett Hester Perry.
Graduates in Pharmacy — Charles
McDonald Andrews, Donah Josiah At-
kins, David Simeon Chapman, Balph
Emory Kibler, Andrew McDowd Se-
crest.
Masters of Arts — Thomas Felix Hicker-
son, George McFarland McKie. Frank
McLean, Bessie Lewis Whitaker.
Masters of Science — Frank Parker
Drane, Stroud Jordan, Joseph Ezekiel
Pogue, Jr.
Doctor of Philosophy — Edgar Eugene
Bandolph.
Doctors of Medicine — Julius ■ Jackson
Barefoot, Henry Blount Best, John
Atkinson Ferrell, Emmett Wightman
Gibbs, Bobert Brimrose Noble, Wilbur
Calhoun Bice, Ivey Alphonso Ward,
Alert Gideon Woodard, William Til-
son Woodward.
1908
Bachelors of Arts— Thomas Wingate
Andrews, Benjamin Leonidas Banks,
Jr., Bobert Bufus Bridgers, Wade
Hampton Britt, Edgar Whitson
Scherer Cobb, Julian Baxter Coghill,
Hubert Bascom Connor. William
Chambers Coughenour, Julia Mangum
Dameron, William Barham Davis.
Theophilus Randolph Eagles, Jr., Fred
Elliott, James Albert Fore. Jr.. George
Marion Fountain, James Alexander
Gray, Jr.. Herbert Brown Gunter.
John Lindsay Hathcock, Frederick
Byron Hendricks. John William
Hester, Thomas McEntyre Hines, Louis
Lyndon Hobbs, Frederick Lafayette
Huffman. John Quincy Jackson, Simon
Bae Logan, Howard Hoffman
McKeown, Luther Breston Matthews,
Basil Gantt Muse, David Zero New-
ton, Manlius Orr, John Brame Palmer,
James Melville Porter, Oscar Bipley
Band, Jr., Eldred Oscar Randolph,
Orestes Pearl Rhyne, Marmaduke
Robins, Ernest Cofield Ruffin, Beverly
Oscar Shannon, Thomas Levy Sim-
mons, Snowden Singletary, Jr., Jean-
nie Whewell Speas, Walter Parker
Stacy, Edward Latham Stewart, Fred-
erick Isler Sutton, Walter Williams
Umstead, Barnard Bee Vinson, George
8i6
History of University of North Carolina.
Thaddeus Whitley, Marion Murphy
Williams, Patrick Murphy Williams.
William Coleman Woodard, Jr..
Martin LeRoy Wright, Wortham
Wyatt, William Elmer Yelverton.
Bachelors of Philosophy — Zeno Hardy
Eose, Samuel Turner Stancell.
Bachelors of Science — Otis Oscar Cole,
Lloyd McCreight Ross, Drury McNeill
Phillips.
Bachelors of Laivs — Frank Lemuel
Dunlap, Henry Yeatman Heyer, John
Johnston Parker.
Graduates in Pharmacy — Lawrence Har-
ris Chewning, Wiltshire Griffith,
Robert Roscoe Herring, William Jacob
Hicks, Robert Milton McArthur,
Charles Remy Palmer, Henry Lennon
Pope, Charles Leon Ross, James Ben-
bow Whittington.
Masters of Arts — William Frank Bryan.
Frank Morton Hawley, Leonard Ross
Hoffman, Luther Wood Parker, Percy
Hoke Royster.
Masters of Science — Risden Tyler Allen.
Hubert Hill, William ' Tillman
McGowan, Lawrence Gedding South-
ard.
Doctors of Medicine — -James Marion
Buckner, William Willis Green, Jr.,
David Watson Harris, Evander MoNair
Mclver, Robert Gray MacPherson,
Julian Decatur Maynard, George Mon-
roe Monk, Austin Flint Nichols,
Everett Joseph Stuart Scofield, Albeit
Johnson Terrell, John Blois Watson.
Samplett Edgar Webb.
1909
Bachelors of Arts — Jerry Harrison Allen.
Thomas James Armstrong, Jr., Harvey
Clyde Barbee, Kemp Davis Battle,
George Urias Baucom, Jr., Chesley
Calhoun Bellamy, Hal Fullerton
Boatwright, Frank Kennon Borden.
Stuart Yann Bowen. Edward Cleve-
land Byerly, Henry Koopman Clonts.
Oscar Jackson Coffin, Jonas MacAulay
Costner, Jr., Oliver Cromwell Cox,
William David Cox, Clement Gibbon
Credle, Jerry Day. Yictor Clyde Ed-
wards, Cyrus Clifford Frazier, Wil-
liam Monroe Gaddy, Frank Porter
Graham, William Pressley Grier, Boi-
ling Hall, James Gordon Hanes,
Samuel Walker Hurdle. William Bor
den Jerman, Milo J. Jones, James
Arthur Leiger, Cleveland Fane Kirk-
patrick, Bruce Hufham Lewis, Abbott
Edward Lloyd, Jr., William Lunsford
Long, James Howard McLain, John
Hall Manning, Henry P. Masten, Wil-
liam Wilson Michaux, John Alexander
Moore, Eugene Joseph Newell, Wil-
liam Mercer Oates, David Dickson
Oliver, Henry Plant Osborne, Joseph
Allen Parker, Donald Fairfax Ray.
Jeremiah Bascom Reeves, Russell
Marable Robinson, George Oroon
Rogers, Colin Bradley Ruffin. James
Lawrence Simmons, Walter Gwynne
Sparkman, Charles Booker Spicar,
Norman Vaughn Stockton. Wallace
Headen Strowd, William George
Thomas, Julius Faison Thomson,
Charles Walter Tillett, Jr.. John Wes-
ley Umstead, Jr.. Harvey Bryan
Wadsworth, Charles Digby Wardlaw,
Norman Lee Willis, Robert McArthur
Wilson, Francis Edward Winslow.
Bachelors of Philosophy — William
Arthur Houck, James Franklin
Spruill.
Bachelors of Science — James Lafayette
Burgess. Benjamin Walton Jones,
Duncan MacRae, Joseph Spencer
Mann, Vincent Melanchthon Mont-
singer. William Joel Parish, Robert
McDowell Watt,
Bachelors of Laics — Martin Francis
Douglas, Cyrus Clifford Frazier, James
Lathrop Morehead.
Graduates in Pharmacy — John Grover
Beard, Myrtle Hall Cox, Hugh Alex-
ander Griffin, Lester Boyd Mullen,
Charles Harman Reed, William Louis
Wetzel 1.
Masters of Arts— David Leonidas Clarke,
Thomas Wyatt Dickson, Rosabelle
Simonton Faires, Claud Howard.
Harvev Hatcher Hughes, Ovid Win-
field 'jones, Orestes Pearl Rhyne,
Jeanie Whewell Speas, Adolf Vermont.
Benjamin Earl Washburn, George
Thaddeus Whitley.
Master of Science — Julian Colgate
Hines, Jr.
Doctor of Philosophy — Stroud Jordan.
Doctors of Medicine — Wade Hampton
Braddy, William Burdette Chapin,
Lucius Victor Dunlap, Charles Sidney
Eagles, Bayard Cleveland Johnson,
Appendix.
817
Braxton Bynum Lloyd, John Moses
Maness, Arthur Eugene Riggsbee,
Frederick Brunell Spencer, W illiam
Amick Strowd, John Samuel Talley.
John Melvin Thompson.
1910
Bachelors of Arts — Lenoir Thomas
Avery, Michael Seth Beam, John Heck
Boushall, Levi Ames Brown, Edwin
Wall Bryant, Sterling Ruffin Carring-
ton, Samuel Coopersmith, Harvey
Oscar Craver, James Earl Crosswell.
William Arthur Darden, Ernest Stan
hope DeLaney, Russell Conway Del-
linger, Robert Drane, Joseph Daniel
Eason, Jr., William Rufus Edmonds,
James Alphonso Everett, John Broad-
hurst Farrior, Baxter Lee Fentress,
William Haigler Ferguson, Edward
Lee Franck, William Henry Fry, Cecil
Clark Garrett, Adolphus Barte Green
wood, John Amos Guion, Oscar Alex-
ander Hamilton, William Penn Hen-
ley, James Albert Highsmith, Orren
Williams Hyman, William Lewis
Jeffries, Joseph Henry Johnston,
Ernest Jones, James Noah Joyner.
Langdon Chevis Kerr, John Wayne
Lasley, Jr., John Archable Leitch, Jr..
Orin Cottrell Lloyd, Robert Strange
McNeill, Donald Conroy MacBae,
Yutaka Minakuchi, Albert Rufus Mor-
gan, Thomas Palmer Nash, Jr., Joseph
Robert Nixon, James Southerland
Patterson, Nixon Sandy Plummer.
William Hoke Ramsaur, John Mercer
Reeves, Charles Oakley Robinson, Wil-
liam Blount Rodman, Jr., David
Bryan Sloan, William Marvin Snider,
Carroll Baxter Spencer, Horace Edney
Stacy, Leon Gladstone Stevens, Samuel
Bradley Stroup, David Lindsay
Struthers, Benjamin Franklin Taylor,
Lewis Nathaniel Taylor, Dossey Bat-
tle Teague, Samuel Farris Teague.
Hugh Alexander Thompson, Lee
Franklin Turlington, Richard Alex-
ander Urquhart, Charles Scott Ven-
able. John Manning Venable, Harold
VanPelt Vreeland, Edgar Strickland
Welborn, Ivey Willis, Adolphus Har-
rison Wolfe.
Bachelors of Science — Elden Bay ley,
Louis de Keyser Belden, Francisco
Virgilio Fuentes, David Samuel Har-
ris, Daniel Raymond Kramer, Leon
McCulloch, Marcus Salvador Rodri-
guez, Thomas Duncan Rose, Daniel
McGregor Williams.
Bachelors of Laws — Francis Eugene
Hester, Robert Ney McNeely, James
Franklin Spruill.
Masters of Arts — Fred Lee Blythe,
Percy Glyndon Gunter, Yutaka Mina-
kuchi, Eugene Joseph Newell, Joseph
Isaac Reece.
Master of Science — Virgil Clayton
Pritchett.
Graduates in Pharmacy — -Henry Moore
Gaddy, Miguel Alberto Porro, Luther
Wyatt Richardson, Robert Theodore
Upchurch, Walter Rodwell White.
Doctors of Medicine- — George Speight
Barbee, Mordecai Lee Barefoot, Arthur
Edward Brides, Alton Cook Camp-
bell, Oscar Eason, William LeRoy
Fleming, George Wesley Gentry,
Charles Fortune Gold, James Madison
Hooper, Joseph Robert Hester, Wil-
liam Dexter Moser, Adolfo Bartolome
Rodriguez, Jesse Armed Strickland,
Amos Monroe Wooten.
ign
Bachelors of Arts — Odom Alexander,
James Richard Allison, Karl Braswell
Bailey, Connie Cazette Baibee, John
Manning Battle, William Parks Belk,
William Patterson Bivens, Alexander
McNeill Blue, Daniel Bunyan Bryan,
Edward Robertson Buchan, Robert
Hume Claytor, Williamson Lee Cooper,
Jr., Joseph Sanford Cowles, Joseph
Green Dawson, William Archie Dees.
Paul Dickson, James Talmage Dobbins.
Ferdinand John Duls, Joshua Law-
rence Eason, Alexander Littlejohn
Feild, John Webster Freeman, Wesley
Critz George, George Graham, Wil
liam Conrad Guess, Charles Walker
Gunter, Roger Baker Hall, Osborne
Bennett Hardison, John Warton Har-
ris, William Henry Hathcock, Marga-
ret Bennett Horsfield, Israel Harding
Hughes, Fred Caldwell Hunter, Mary
Jarman, William Henry Jones, Wil-
liam Thomas Joyner, Burke Haywood
Knight, Joseph Raymond Lee, Samuel
Edwin Leonard, Henry Wise Lyon,
Edgar Franklin McCulloch, Jr., John
Archibald McGoo«an, Charles Eugena
History of University of North Carolina.
Mcintosh, John Archibald McKay,
Ernest Cobb McLean, Grover Carlisle
Mann, Ira Cleveland Moser, Naaraan
Spencer Mullican, Jack Cotten Oates,
James Frank Oliver, Gus Palmer,
William Murdock Parsley, George
Washington Rhodes, Hoyt Roberson,
John Montgomery Shields, Walter
Lowry Small, Henry Clark Smith,
Harry Meyer Solomon, Barney Cleve-
land Stewart, Richard Gordon Stock-
ton, Kenneth Spencer Tanner, Walter
Frank 'laylor, William Renn Thomas,
Cyrus Thompson, Jr., Gordon Wesley
Thompson, John Tillett, Benjamin
Carter Trotter, Edgar Willis Turling
ton, Charles Alexander Vogler, Joseph
Gabriel Walker, Eugene Carroll
Ward, Richard Thompson Webb, Elmer
James Wellons, Noel Elliott West,
Lyman Beckwith Whitaker, Moses
Andrew White, Floyd Gilbert Whit-
ney, James Rowland Wildman, Claw-
son Lee Williams, Edward Locke Wil-
liams, Louis Hicks Williams, Louise
Agatha Wilson, Isham Faison Wither-
ington, John Elliott Wood, Marshall
Boylan Wyatt, Algernon Augustus
Zollicoffer, Jere Perry Zollicoffer.
Bachelors of Science — Roy Tilson Brown,
William Burwell Ellis.' Jr., Robert Lee
Hunter, Junius Spaeth Koiner, Jr..
Felix Luciano Llorens, Francisco
Llorens, Tomas Vicente Llorens,
Herbert Lee Martin. Eduardo Fran-
cisco Rodriguez. William Augustus
Rndisill, Richard Raymond Smith.
Thaddeus Williams Voils, Charles
Wilson Williard.
Bachelor of Laws — James Allen Austin.
Masters of Arts — William Patterson
Bivens, Thomas Marcellus Broadfoot,
Levi Amos Brown, Jonas McAulay
Costner, Jr., Claude Cleveland Fon-
ville, Orron Williams Hyman, Shinjiro
Kitasawa, John Wayne Lasley, Jr.,
Abel Clarence Lineberger, Rufus Wil-
liam McCulloch, Thomas Palmer
Nash, Jr., Maude Pritchard, Charles
Scott Venable, William Franklin
Warren, Edgar Strickland Welborn.
Graduates in Pharmacy — Henry Grady
Coleman, Lee Davenport, Louis Euloe
Hesterly, Fabius Jefferson Hunnicutt.
Cader Rhodes, George Walter Waters,
Jr.
1912
Bachelors of Arts — Cleaton Otis Arm-
strong, Walter Dorsey Barbee, Frank
Pendleton Barker, Emmett Hargrove
Bellamy, Robert Willis Bobbitt, Caleb
Knight Burgess, Clyde Lucius Cates,
William Preston Cline, William Bat-
tle Cobb, Charles Spurgeon Cooke,
Charles Fowler Cowell, James Row-
land Craven, Henry Cleveland Craver,
William Jesse Crutchfield, James
Manly Daniel, Jr., Beecher Tate Den-
ton, Henry Ward Doub, Frederick
Blount Drane, William White Falk-
ener, James Paull Fenner, Alonzo Dil-
lard Folger, Robert Alexander Free-
man, Samuel Mallett Gattis, Jr.,
Alexander Hawkins Graham, Augus-
tus W. Graham, Jr., William
Graves, Price Henderson Gwynn, Jr.,
John Brevard Halliburton, Robert
March Hanes, Haines Hilsman Har-
grett, Vance Henry, Carlisle Higgins,
Angus James Hodgin, Frank Bruce
Hooker, Frederick William Hossfeld,
Jr., William Emil Hossfeld, Blake
Elliott Isley, Fairley Patterson James,
Clarence Walton Johnson, Leslie New-
curk Johnston, James Conrad Lanier,
Jr., Jesse Cleveland Lassiter, John
Clegg Lockhart, Joel Jenkins McAden,
Monroe Anderson Mclver, John Dun-
can McLean, Henry Burwell Marrow,
William Peter Moore, Lawrence Nel-
son Morgan, James Ward Morris, Jr.,
David Reid Murchison, Clarence Ed-
ward Norman, James Lawrence Orr,
Samuel Green Parker, Earl Victor
Patterson, James Dickson Phillips,
Columbus Washington Eagles Pitt-
man, Thomas Moore Price, Cary
Perry Quincy, James Hall Rand,
Hubert Roy Ray, James Thaddeus
Reece, Charles Abram Roberson, Wil-
liam White Rogers, Thomas Sampson
Royster, Howard Bently Shofner,
Jesse Richardson Sloan, Lucius Eugene
Stacy, Brevard Doty Stephenson,
Claude Edward Teague, Robert Linn
VanPoole, Lingoh Wang, Cyrus
Richard Wharton, John Clarke
Whitaker, Robert Watson Winston, Jr.
Bachelors of Science in Civil Engineer-
ing— John Burton Clingman, Charles
Randolph Thomas, Jr.
Appendix.
819
Bachelors of Science in Electrical Engi-
neering— Walter Carter, Robert Clay
McLean, Henry Lynch Parish, Jr.,
Thomas Bog Slade, Jr.
Bachelors of Science in Medicine — John
Fox Kendrick, Thaddeus Earl Wilker-
son, Jr.
Bachelors of haw — Baxter Lloyd Baker,
Edwin Ihomas Cansler, Jr., Lennox
Polk McLendon.
Graduates in Pharmacy — Kelly Edwin
Bennett, Alexander Grady Webb, Jef-
ferson Davis Whitehead, Jr.
Masters of Arts — John Napoleon Daily,
James Talmage Dobbins, Theophilus
Randolph Eagles. Wesley Critz George,
John Warton Harris, William Lewis
Jeffries, John Archibald McKay, Earl
Victor Patterson, William Walker
Rankin, Jr., Hubert Roy Ray, Wil-
liam Renn Thomas, John Elliott Wood.
Master of Science — Charles Wilson Wil-
liard.
War Classes
It was resolved to confer the degree of
A.B. on the surviving members of the
War Classes, 1S62 to 1868, inclusive.
The following received diplomas at
the Commencement of 1911.
Class of 1862 — Samuel Jay Andrews,
James M. Blain, Robert Warren Boyd,
Isaac W. Clark, James Madison Cov-
ington, Willie Becton Fort, John Wet-
more Hinsdale. Alfred Charles Briggs
Holt, William Elza Hunt, William H.
McLaurin, Thomas A. Morrow, An-
drew Jackson Moore, Matthew Joseph
Moore, Armistead Hill Patterson,
James H. Polk, Harry Hill Price,
Clement Lanier Richardson, Andrew
S. Routh, Angus Shaw, William J.
Smith, Thomas Wallace Taylor,
Thomas Shepherd Webb, Benjamin
Franklin Whitner.
Class of 1863 — Benjamin. Blake Adams,
Hugh M. Arnold, Thomas Badger,
David Samuel Barrett, Tim Ervin
Cooper, Moses Ashley Curtis, Henry
Clay Foscue, John A. Hall, Archibald
E. Henderson, Benjamin McC. Hord,
Benjamin S. Johnson, Gabriel John-
ston, John R. Joyner, Robert W.
Joyner, James Samuel Lucas, James
McKee, John Wright Mallett, Calvin
Yates Marshall, Charles F. Martin,
Robert Bruce Peebles, Mark Bennett
Pitt, George Decatur Pool, Lavender
R. Ray, Caleb Hazzard Richmond,
Robert M. Rogers, Joseph H. Scales,
Norman Leslie Shaw, Olin Wellborn,
James Fennimore Cooper Williams,
William Edmund Winston.
Class of 1864— John A. Baker, William
James Harris Bellamy, James Paul
Britt, Henry H. Bryan, Joseph Wil-
liams Chalmers, Thomas Barrett Ha-
good, Middleton Hays. Henderson D.
Judd, Richard Henry Lee, James Mon-
roe Long, James Isaac Metts, Charles
Motz, Joseph Bryan Oliver, Rufus J.
Polk, Mungo Tone Purnell, William
Richardson, Stanley Morehead Riggs-
bee, Robert Gilliam Russell, E. Doug-
las Sandford, Preston H. Sessoms,
Thomas Medicus Wiggins.
Class of 1865 — Thomas Owen Bunting,
William Henry Call, James Petigru
Carson, John Whitaker Cotten, Wil-
liam M. Davies, A. Branson Howard,
John Taylor Rankin, Richard H.
Sims, Robert Willoughby Williams.
Class of 1866 — Julian Shakespeare Carr,
Henry Ensley Coleman, David H. Ed-
wards, William Frederick Hargrave,
Ernest M. Lindsay, Francis Slade
Norfleet, A. Ferdinand Johnson, John
Burgwyn MacRae, George Walker
Wallace.
Class of 1861 — -Andrew J. Burton, Ed-
mund DeBerry Covington, John E.
Donalson, Frank Shepard Faison, John
Bowie Gray, Stephen Ferrand Lord,
James M. Means, Onslow Regan,
Benjamin D. Webb, Solomon Buxton
Williams.
Class of 1868. — Colin M. Hawkins, Ed-
mund Jones, Thomas D. Meares.
The following, who if living would have
received the degree at the same Com-
mencement, are recorded as having re-
ceived the degree of A.B. :
Class of 1861 — Edward C. Easterling.
Class of 1862 — James M. Adams, Ed-
ward H. Armstrong, Archibald H. Ar-
rington, Leonard W. Bartlett, Dossey
Battle, Marsden Bellamy, J. E. Ben-
bury, William Biggs, Octavius H.
Blocker, Thomas J. Burke, Edward J.
Chilton, William L. Church, Timothy
820
History of University of North Carolina.
W. Davis, James C. Doss, Alcee
Dupre, William T. Ennett, James H.
Exum, William M. Fetter, John C.
Gaines, Thomas W. D. Hardeman,
Aurelius C. Jones, Adolphe Lastrapes,
Julian A. Latham, Harrison P. Lyon,
Richardson Mallett, Henry McMillan,
William H. H. Mills, Albert G. Moore,
John D. Parker, Samuel P. Pool,
Eugene C. Rhodes. Samuel N. Richard-
son, Edwin H. Russell, Fletcher T.
Seymour, Thomas Gregory Skinner.
Samuel W. Smith, Samuel Snow, Law-
son W. Sykes, Henry H. Taylor, James
E. Townes. William B. Vande — r.
Henry C. Wall, William B. Whitfield,
Sidney Womack, William L. Yager.
Class of 1863 — James R. Bartee, Edward
\ / F. Bass, George P. Bass, W. Lewis
1/ Battle, George Bishop, James D.
Blanchard, Richard Bradley, William
A. Brown, Elias Bunn, Seaborn W.
Chisholm, George M. Clark, Joseph B.
Coggin, Kerr Craige, Virginius Cope-
land, Reuben R. de Jarnette, Samuel
Donelson, G. Ferdinand Farrow, Wil-
liam D. Ferguson, Jesse D. Franklin.
William P. Gill, Joseph J. D. Hodges.
Thomas J. Johns, John Willie Jones.
Kenneth R. Jones, Robert W. Joyner.
John M. Kelly, Neill R. Kelly,
Hyder A. Kennedy, William P. Lane,
Abner McAfee, Joseph A. McDermott.
Josiah J. Matthews, William N.
Mebane. James B. Mitchell, Julius C.
Mitchell, Randolph Mitchell, Augustus
M. Mcore, George B. Moore, R. Alex-
ander Morrow, John H. Parsons,
Benjamin L. Perry, Jesse H. Person,
Benj. T. Powell, Nymphas E. Price,
George A. Ramsey, Richard W. Res-
pass, William J. Robards, S. Garland
Ryan, Richard H. Smith, William T.
Smith, John F. Speight, Simmons B.
Staton, Felix Tankersley, Ruffin Thom-
son, G. Edwards Thurmond, Lucien P.
Tyson, G. Lawrence Washington.
Thomas R. Watkins, William J.
White, Mirandy Willi ford, George H.
Williamson, John A. Winston, Ernest
L. Wittich, Benjamin T. Worthing-
ton, Augustus P. Young.
Class of 1864 — Joseph H. Adams,
Samuel J. Arnold, Edward R. Atkin-
son, Willoughby F. Avery, James Bar-
rett, Charles H. Blocker, Carney P.
Bryan, Thomas Capehart, Montraville
D. Clegg, William H. Day, James W.
Draughon, F. Edgeworth Eve, Richard
M. Footman, John Garlington, Henry
A. Gordon, Samuel Wiley Gray, John
A. Green, William M. Gunnels, Wil-
liam T. Hargrave, Theophilus H.
Holmes, Edward L. Jeffreys, John M.
Johnson^ James C. Jones, William R.
Kenan, Thomas S. Lindsay, Neverson
C. Maner, Clarence D. Martin, Wil-
liam C. McDaniel, William R.
McKethan, John M. McNabb, Robert
C. McRee, John M. Moring, Daniel F.
Morrow, Bryant P. Morse, Edward A.
T. Nicholson, James A. Nicholson,
William J. Rhodes, James L. Rich-
mond, William T. Riggs, Henry L
Robertson, William T. Rogers, Da: 1
L. Russell, Thomas P. Savage, Am-
brose H. Sevier, Abraham K. Smei ',
Walter J. Smith, William N. Sn^e ,
Seth B. Speight, Fabius W. Sturl-
vant, John M. Sutton, Charles Vines,
William H. G. Webb, Octavius A. Wig-
gins, Stephen Winstead, James B.
Young, William H. Young.
Class of 1865 — Joseph H. Branch, Wil-
liam M. Chalmers, Henry Fetter, Alva
C. Hartsfleld, John R. Haughton,
Leroy Havens, Henry C. Miller,
Thomas L. Norwood, Napoleon B.
Owens. William Fletcher Parker, Ed-
ward L. Richardson, Nathan I. Sneed,
Washington Thomas.
Class of 1S66 — Walter B. Chambliss.
John B. Hussey, John Johnston, John
W. Laurence. John R. Mason, Joseph
C. Mickle, Frederick Nash, George
Simrall, Mark DeWolfe Stevenson.
Class of 1861— Braxton Bragg, William
A. B. Branch, George P. Burgwyn,
Hugh M. Caffey, Joseph Cotten, Wil-
liam W. Fleming, Richard G. Haden,
Herbert Mallett, Julius C. Mills, Hugh
H. Perry, James J. Philips, Alexander
H. Smith.
Class of 1868 — Maurice DeK. Thompson.
CORRECTION.
By a much regretted slip the portraits of Judge William S.
Bryan and Alonzo T. Jerkins are stated to be in the Dialectic
Hall. They are in the Philanthropic Hall. See pages 821,
822.
Appendix.
821
PORTRAITS IN THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Portraits in Oil
Edwin Anderson Alderman : President
successively of the University of
. North Carolina, Tulane University,
the University of Virginia.
Eugene M. Armfield : Bank President ;
Benefactor of the University.
Kemp Plummer Battle : State Treas-
urer; President of the University.
Rev. Joseph Caldwell, D.D. : President
of the University.
John C. Calhoun: U. S. Senator; Vice-
President of the United States.
Henry Clay: U. S. Senator from Ken-
tucky; Speaker of the National House
of Representatives.
Rev. Charles Force Deems, D.D. : Pro-
fessor in the University; Pastor of the
Church of the Strangers, New York
City ; Author of valuable works.
Joshua Walker Gore: Professor and
Dean of the University.
Rev. Shepherd K. Kollock: Professor in
the University.
John Manning: Representative in Con-
gress; Professor of Law in the Uni-
versity.
Rev. James P. Mason: Benefactor of the
University.
Mrs. Elizabeth Morgan Mason: Bene-
factor of the University.
Martha Mason : Benefactor of the Uni-
versity.
Varina Mason : Benefactor of the Uni-
versity.
David Lowry Swain : Superior Court
Judge; Governor; President of the
University.
Francis P. Venable: Professor of Chem-
istry; President of the University.
George T. Winston: President succes-
sively of the University of North
Carolina, the University of Texas, the
A. and M. College of North Carol na.
David Gaston Worth: Benefactor of the
University.
Jonathan Worth: Governor; Trustee for
many years.
Portraits Other Than Oil
George B. Anderson : Brigadier-General
C. S. A.
Tod R. Caldwell : Governor.
Daniel W. Courts : State Treasurer.
Armand J. DeRosset, M.D. : Commission
Merchant; long the oldest graduate.
Joseph Adolphus Engelhard: Major C.
S. A. ; Secretary of State.
Christopher Gale: Colonial Chief Jus-
tice.
John A. Gilmer, Jr.: Major C. S. A.;
Judge of the Superior Court.
William Hawkins : Governor.
Johnston B. Jones, M.D. : Eminent Phy-
sician of Chapel Hill and Charlotte.
Washington C. Kerr : State Geologist.
John Kerr : Superior Court Judge ; Rep-
resentative in Congress.
Albert R. Ledoux: State Chemist; Min-
ing Engineer and Metallurgist.
William Gaston Lewis: Brigadier-
General C. S. A.
Rev. Daniel A. Long, D.D.: President of
Antioch College, Ohio.
John W. Norwood : Prominent Lawyer
and Member of the General Assembly.
James Jeremiah Slade": Major C. S. A.;
Mayor of Columbus, Ga.
PORTRAITS IN THE DIALECTIC SOCIETY HALL
Portraits in Oil
George Edmund Badger; Superior Court
Judge; U. S. Senator; Secretary of
the Navy.
Rufus Barringer: Brigadier-General of
Cavalry, C. S. A.; Member of the Con-
vention of 1875.
Kemp Plummer Battle : State Treas-
urer; President of the University;
Professor of History; Author of the
History of the University.
William S. Bryan, Judge of the Court of
Appeals of Maryland.
-^Marion Butler : U. S. Senator.
Duncan Cameron : Superior Court
Julge; President of the State Bank.
Paul C. Cameron : State Senator ; long
an active Trustee.
''Julian Shakespeare Carr: Manufac-
turer; Major-General of Veterans:
Donor of the Carr Building and of
many scholarships.
822
History of University of North Carolina.
T. L. Clingman: Representative in Con-
gress; U. S. Senator; Brigadier-
General C. S. A.
William Richardson Davie: Governor;
Brigadier-General U. S. A.; the
"Father of the University."
William Alexander Graham: Governor;
U. S. Senator; Secretary of the Navy;
Confederate States Senator.
E. Burke Haywood, M.D. : Physician in
Raleigh; Surgeon C. S. A.; President
of the State Medical Society.
Rev. William Hooper, D.D. : Professor
in the University; Professor in S. C.
College; President of Wake Forest.
Thomas Michael Holt: State Senator;
Governor.
Alonzo T. Jerkins, Member of Legisla-
ture and Banker, New Bern, N. C.
William Johnston: Mayor of Charlotte;
President C. C. and A. R. R. Co.
Charles Duncan Mclver: Father of the
State Normal and Industrial College;
Promoter of Education.
Willie Person Mangum: Superior Court
Judge; U. S. Senator; President of
the U. S. Senate.
Charles Manly: Governor; Secretary
and Treasurer of the Board of Trus-
tees for forty-three years.
James Mebane: First President of the
Dialectic Society; Speaker of the
House of Commons.
John Motley Morehead: Governor;
President of the N. C. R. R.; President
Whig National Convention of 1848.
Archibald DeBow Murphey: Professor
in the University ; Supreme Court Re-
porter; Judge Superior and Supreme
Courts; Promoter of Public Schools.
John Owen: Governor; President of the
Whig National Convention of 1839.
Rev. Charles Phillips, D.D. : Professor
in the University; Professor in David-
son College; Eminent Divine.
Rev. James Phillips, D.D. : Professor in
the University; died while at Prayers
in Gerrard Hall.
Richmond M. Pearson: Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court.
James Knox Polk: Governor of Ten-
nessee; Speaker of the U. S. House of
Representatives; President of the
United States.
Abram Rencher: Representative in Con-
gress; Charge d' Affaires in Portugal;
Governor of New Mexico.
Thomas Ruffin : Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court; President State Bank.
Alfred M. Scales: Brigadier-General C.
S.. A. ; Representative in Congress ;
Governor.
James Strudwick Smith, M.D. : Repre-
sentative in Congress; Member of the
Convention of 1835.
Walter Leak Steele: Representative in
Congress; many years Active Trustee.
David Lowry Swain : Superior Court
Judge; Governor; President of the
University.
Zebulon B. Vance: Governor; U. S.
Senator.
of
Portraits Other Than Oil
Rev. William Barringer: President
Greensboro Female College.
Robert Paine Dick: Judge of the Su-
preme Court of North Carolina; U. S.
District Judge.
William Mercer Green, D.D. : Professor
in the University; Bishop of Missis-
sippi : Chancellor of the University of
the South.
Matthias Murray Marshall, D.D. : Rector
of Christ Church, Raleigh; President
of the Episcopal Convention of North
Carolina.
John Lindsay Morehead: Manufacturer,
capitalist.
Samuel Jones Person : Superior Court
Judge.
Waller R. Staples: Judge of the Court
of Appeals in Virginia.
Augustus VanWyck: Judge of the Su-
preme Court of New York.
PORTRAITS IN THE PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY HALL
Portraits in Oil
Johnston Blakeley: Captain in the Navy
in the War of 1812. Captured the
Reindeer.
John Branch : Governor, Secretary of
the Navy.
John Gray Bynum: Eminent Lawyer.
Robert R. Bridgers: Representative in
the Confederate Congress; President
of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad.
John Herritage Bryan: Representative
in Congress. Active Trustee.
Rev. Joseph Caldwell, D.D.; President
of the University.
Appendix.
823
William W. Cherry: Member of the
General Assembly; Author of Public
School Apportionment.
Walter Clark: Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court; Editor of the State
Records.
Charles Alston Cook: Judge of the Su-
preme Court.
Joseph John Daniel: Judge of the Su-
preme Court.
James C. Dobbin : Representative in
Congress; Secretary of the Navy.
Richard Spaight Donnell: Representa-
tive in Congress; Speaker of the House
of Commons.
^Benjamin Franklin: Savant and States-
man.
William Gaston: Representative in Con-
gress; Judge of the Supreme Court.
Active Trustee.
James Grant: Judge in Iowa; Benefac-
tor of the University.
Bryan Grimes : Major-General C. S. A.
Rev. Francis L. Hawks, D.D.: Eminent
Divine ; Author of '"A History of North
Carolina," and other works.
James Buckner Killebrew: Superintend-
ent of Public Instruction and later
Commissioner of Agriculture in Ten-
nessee; Author.
William R. King: U. S. Senator; Min-
ister to France; Vice-President of the
United States.
Thomas C. Manning: Brigadier General
C. S. A.; Chief Justice of Louisiana;
Minister to Mexico.
John Y. Mason: Secretary of the Navy;
Attorney-General of the United
States; Minister to France.
William Miller: Governor; Charge
d' Affaires in Guatemala.
Rev. Elisha Mitchell, D.D.: Professor in
the University; Author; Discoverer of
Mt. Mitchell.
Bartholomew F. Moore: Attorney-
General. Active Trustee; Benefactor
of University.
David Outlaw: Representative in Con-
gress; State Senator; State Solicitor.
James Johnston Pettigrew: Brigadier-
General C. S. A.
Fred Philips : Superior Court Judge.
William L. Saunders: Colonel C. S. A.;
Secretary of State; Editor of the Co-
lonial Records of North Carolina.
Charles Shepard: Representative in Con-
gress.
Charles Manly Stedman: Representative
in Congress; Major C. S. A.
Jacob Thompson: Governor of Missis-
sippi; Secretary of the Interior; Spe-
cial Agent C. S. A. in Canada.
Portraits Other Than Oil
William Augustus Blount: Major-
General of Militia.
Hugh L. Cole: Major C. S. A.; Assist-
ant Corporation Counsel New York
City.
Richard Benbury Creecy: Editor; for
many years the "Oldest Graduate."
Benjamin Franklin Grady: Representa-
tive in Congress.
Ralph Henry Graves, the elder: Tutor
in the University; Principal of a
prominent Academy.
Thomas Stephen Kenan: Attorney-
General; Clerk of the Supreme Court;
President of the Alumni Association.
Richard Henry Lewis, M.D. : Secretary
of the State Board of Health; Presi-
dent of the American Medical Society.
Edward Jones Mallett: Paymaster in
the U. S. Army; Consul-General to
Italy.
John Manning: Representative in Con-
gress ; Professor of Law in the Uni-
versity.
George Tayloe Winston: President of
the University; President of the Uni-
versity of Texas; President of the A.
and M. College of North Carolina.
824 History of University of North Carolina.
SPECIMENS OF THE DRAMATIC AND MUSICAL EFFORTS OF THE STUDENTS
Play by the University Dramatic Club, acted May 1, 1907.
Dramatis Personae:
Supreme Master of Introducing T. R. Eagles
The Wonderful Magician T. W. Dickson
Of Many Explanations H. H. Hughes
Philosopher and Literateur L. W. Parker
The Author Chas. L. Weill
Of Mass Meeting Fame L. W. Parker
From Patterson W. E. Yelverton
Upholder of the Fair Name and Fame of the University,
D. McN. Phillips
How It Looks to Him H. B. Gunter
Pudding Into Fame A. F. Jackson
His Jokes do Multiply L. W. Parker
Far Famed for Trousers W. E. Yelverton
Parson Johnsing E. S. W. Dameron
PROGRAM.
An Apology F. B. Rankin
Part I.
Music — Twostep, "In the Lead."
Anthropophysiameibomecbane.
Music — "Sliding Jim."
Sermon by Parson Josephus Johnsing. of Rabbit Shuffle.
Music — Selection from Red Mill.
Part II.
tit <1Tj 1 „ Faculty Meeting.
Music — Idaho. •> °
Officers of the Club:
L. W. Parker President
T. R. Eagles Vice-President
H. B. Gunter Secretary and Treasurer
F. B. Rankin Stage Manager
Sample Programs of the Orchestra and Glee Club Concerts
Part I.
1. Conqueror March Corey
Orchestra.
2. "We're True to the College Days" From "Peggy from Paris"
Glee Club.
3. Song for Cornet, "In Old Madrid"' Trotere
Mr. Goslen and Orchestra.
4. Carolina Quartette.
5. Selection from "Fantana" Hubbell
Orchestra.
Appendix. 825
Part IT
1. "Priscilla," Colonial Twostep Henry
2. "Dream, My Honey, Dream" Morrison
Glee Club.
3. Violin Solo — Sixth Air Yarie DeBeriot
Mr. Thomas.
4. Green Lemon Quartette in Short Spasms.
5. Twostep, "Peter Piper" Henry
Orchestra.
Part I.
1. Forty-seventh Regiment March Bryant
Orchestra.
2. "Hark the Sound of Loval Voices."
Glee Club.
3. Selection from "Prince of Pilsen" Luders
Orchestra.
4. Serenade — "Good-Night, Beloved, Good-night!" Tav and Oliver
Glee Club.
5. Song for Cornet — "In Old Madrid" Trotere
Mr. Goslen and Orchestra.
Part II.
1. Spanish Serenade — "La Paloma" Yradier
Orchestra.
2. A Series of Catastrophes Koerner
Mr. Worth and Glee Club.
3. Reading — Selected.
Mr. McKie.
4. The Sweetest Song of All Witmark
Glee Club.
5. "Hail Carolina" — Ensemble.
Hail Carolina, noble and strong,
To thee with loyal hearts we raise our song,
Swelling to heaven loud our praises ring,
Hail Carolina! of thee we sing.
Majesty as a crown rests on thy brow,
Pride, honor, glory, love, before thee bow.
Ne'er can thy spirit die, thy walls decay,
Hail Carolina! for thee we pray.
Hail Carolina! guide of our youth,
Lead thou thy children into light and truth,
Then when death warns us, others will praise —
Hail Carolina! thro' endless days.
826 History of University of North Carolina.
SPECIMEN PROGRAM CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL EXERCISES
The following is the program of one of the Confederate memorial exercises, held
in Gerrard Hall on May 10, 1905, under the auspices of the Leonidas Polk Chapter,
U. D. U. :
Prayer.
Music — "Lest We Forget."'
Introduction By Major Cain
Memorial Address By Dr. Hume
Call of the Koll of Honor, the names of our students who served in the Army of the
Confederacy.
Music — "Carolina." (Audience joins in the chorus.)
Music — "Dixie."
At the Cemetery.
Decorating of Soldiers' Graves.
Music — "Abide With Me."
Prayer.
Music — "Peace, Perfect Peace."
Benediction.
The proceedings were exceedingly touching. Major Cain had served in the ranks
and Dr. Hume as Chaplain of a regiment, and they spoke with the fervor of eye-
witnesses. Ihe music was given with deep feeling and the long line of children and
their elders on their way to the village cemetery, laden with the lovely flowers of
spring, to decorate the graves of the soldiers who had bravely laid down their lives
for the Lost Cause, was very impressive.
Appendix.
827
LIST OF THE ALUMNI IN THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, IN
ADDITION TO THOSE NAMED IN THE APPENDIX TO VOLUME I, WHO
HAVE HELD OR NOW HOLD (1912) HIGH POSITIONS
(Prepared by Hon. Walter Murphy, '89)
Assistant Postmaster-General
J. J. Britt.
Members of Congress
From North Carolina: E. W. Pou, G.
B. Patterson, R. N. Hackett, H. L.
Godwin, J. M. Morebead, D. M. For-
ney, Abram Rencber, D. L. Russell,
E. Y. Webb, John M. Faison, C. M.
Stedman.
From Georgia : D. L.. Clinch and Daniel
Newman.
United States District Judges
California: Olin Wellborn.
Florida: W. B. Shepherd.
Governors
North Carolina: W. W. Kitchin,
Locke Craig.
Lieutenant-Governors
North Carolina: F. D. Winston.
Florida: E. J. Vann.
Speaker State House of Representatives
North Carolina: S. M. Gattis and A.
W. Graham.
Washington: R. B. Albertson.
Chief Justices of Supreme Court
North Carolina: Walter Clark.
Nevada: A. L. Fitzgerald.
Mississippi: T. E. Cooper.
Associate Justices
North Carolina: P. D. Walker, C. A.
Cook, J. S. Manning.
Oklahoma: R. B. Boone.
Mississippi: A. H. Whitfield.
Reporters of Supreme Court
North Carolina: Z. V. Walser, J. C.
Biggs.
Superior Court Judges
North Carolina: E. B. Cline, W. J.
Adams, George Ward, N. B. Whitfield,
F. D. Winston, R. B. Peebles, J. C.
Biggs, J. D. Murphy, H. W. Whedbee,
F. A. Daniels, H. A. Foushee, Fred
Moore, and H. P. Lane.
Washington: R. B. Albertson.
Kentucky: R. W. Bingham.
New Jersey: W. Frank Smathers.
West Virginia: Thomas W. Taylor.
Solicitors
North Carolina: David Outlaw, Cad-
wallader Jones, N. A. Sinclair, Mark
W. Brown, Heriot Clarkson, W. M.
Shipp, Richard Allsbrook, W. J. Alex-
ander, W. W. Jones, George Ward, S.
P. Graves, W. C. Hammer, J. R. Don-
nell, F. E. Alley, J. V. Sherrod, M.
McGhee, H S. Ward, T. D. Bryson,
Jones Fuller, C. L. Abernethy, J. L.
Brown, J. R. Leigh, J. C. B. Ehring-
haus, G. W. Wilson, A. H. Johnson,
R. R. Reynolds, S. M. Gattis, and H.
E. Shaw.
Arkansas : G. G. Latta.
Missouri: Thomas Ruffin.
Mississippi: J. P. Walker.
South Carolina: J. W. Bonham.
District Attorneys
North Carolina: J. W. Sneed and H.
F. Seawell.
Florida: W. B. Shepherd.
Texas: J. J. Matthews.
Assistant District Attorneys
North Carolina: A. L. Coble, G. F.
Bason, A. H. Price, J. J. Britt, S. C.
Weill.
Attorney-General
North Carolina: T. W. Bickett.
Commissioner of Agriculture
North Carolina: W. A. Graham.
Secretaries of State
North Carolina: J. Bryan Grimes.
Tennessee: Daniel Graham.
Superintendents of Public Instruction
North Carolina: Alex Mclver, C. H.
Mebane, J. Y. Joyner.
Railroad Commissioners
North Carolina: J. W. Wilson, Thomas
W. Mason.
Alabama: W. H. Spencer, H. R. Shorter.
Bishop Protestant Episcopal Church
East Carolina: Robert Strange.
828
History of University of North Carolina.
Members of the Constitutional Conventions of North Carolina.
1835
David Outlaw, J. B. G. Roulhac, John
Owen, Fred J. Hill, D. L. Swain, D.
M. Barringer, James W. Bryan, N. A.
Lea, Calvin Graves, Hugh McQueen.
R. D. Spaight, John D. Toomer, J. A.
Hogan, J. L. Hargrave, H. J. G. Euffin,
R. B. Gilliam, J. M. Morehead, John
Branch, J. J. Daniel, John M. Young,
Charles Chalmers, Owen Holmes, J. L.
Bailey, John Giles, W. B. Means, Mat-
thew R. Moore.
1861
Giles Mebane, A. C. Stewart, J. A. Leak,
Thos. D. McDowell, Thos. D. Meares,
E. W. Jones, D. D. Ferebee, C. R.
Thomas, Bedford Brown, John Man-
ning, T. J. Merritt, Warren Winslow.
J. T. Rhodes, W. S. Battle, George
Howard, R. L. Patterson, S. X. John-
ston, Ralph Gorrell, R. P. Dick, R. H.
Smith, W. M. Shipp, Anderson
Mitchell, William Johnston, J. W. Os-
borne, R. H. Cowan, D. A. Barnes,
W. A. Graham. J. W. Cunningham,
Bryan Grimes, W. J. Long, A. G.
Foster, Walter L. Steele, Burton
Craige, H. C. Jones, John Hill, K. P.
Battle, W. S. Pettigrew, George V.
Strong, R. A. Caldwell. Robert
Strange.
1865
Giles Mebane, R. S. Donnell, Lewis
Thompson, John Pool, T. R. Caldwell,
R.~XT~ Patterson, Bedford Brown, D.
D. Ferebee; M. McGehee, R. H. Win-
borne, M. E. Manly, R. P. Buxton, D.
G. McRae, George Howard, P. H. Win-
ston, R. B. Gilliam, R. P. Dick, A.
Mclver, S. F. Phillips, S. S. Jackson,
Thomas Settle, A. A. McKoy, J. M.
McCorkle, S. H. Walkup, B. F. Moore,
William Eaton.
1868
J. W. Graham, C. C. Pool, W. B. Rod-
man.
1875
J. E. Shepherd, Thomas L. Clingman,
David Coleman, A. C. Avery, E. W.
Jones, E. B. Withers, John Manning,
Forney George, R. P. Buxton, F. C.
Robbins, J. N. Stallings, Rufus Bar-
ringer, Josiah Turner, J^W^Cunning-
ham, O. H. Dockery, J. T. Morehead,
F. E. Shober, J. S. Henderson, R. C.
Badger, R. W. Singletary.
Members of North Carolina and Other
State Legislatures-
North Carolina, 676; Virginia, 18; Ten-
nessee, 31; Alabama, 29; Texas, 16;
Florida, 10; Louisiana, 8; Georgia.
10; Mississippi, 8; Arkansas, 9; Mis-
souri, 6; South Carolina, 16; Wash-
ington, 2; California, 2; Iowa, 1;
New York, 2; Oklahoma, 4; Ken-
tucky, 3; Nevada, 2; Oregon, 4; West
Virginia, 2; Ohio, 2; Montana, 2;
Idaho, 2.
University Alumni in the Confederate
Service
Generals, 18; Colonels, 81; Lieutenant-
Colonels, 44; Majors, 71; Captains,
296; Lieutenants, 186; Surgeons, 84;
Chaplains, 14; all others, 663; total,
1,484.
Generals : Polk, Pettigrew, Grimes, Gat-
lin, Phifer, Barry, Scales, Ransom,
Anderson, Barringer, Johnston, Man-
ning, Clingman, Garrett, Lewis,
Branch, Spaight, Thompson (Inspector
General) .
INDEX
Page
Abbott, Edward L 811
Abbott, J. C 36, 785
Abbott, S. C 23
Abernethy, C. L 827
Abernetby, Claude 0 615, 652,
667, 709, 812, 815
Abernethy, Eric A 664, 814
Abernetby, LeRoy F.747, 751, 752, 814
Abernethy, N 749
Abrams, R. S 3
Academy of Science 730
Adams, Benjamin B 819
Adams, Henderson 26
Adams, James M 819
Adams, Joseph H 820
Adams, Robert L 785
Adams, Stonewall J 811
Adams, Thaddeus A 607, 614, 812
Adams, William 419
Adams, William J... 194, 235, 807, 827
Adrain, Robert 780
Advanced Medical Department
(Raleigh), 609, 621, 629, 642,
652, 663, 677, 709
Age at Entrance 611
Agricultural Experiment Station,
136-138, 205, 379, 591, 639, 727
Ahern, Katherine C 566, 811
Ahrens, Arthur G 625
Akers, W. D 355
Albertson, Robert B..194, 233, 235,
236, 656, 807, 827
Albright, W. G 794
Alderman, Edwin A. .189, 234, 237,
243, 244, 255, 289, 366, 433, 448,
454, 463, 471, 499, 503, 504. 505,
508, 518, 519, 526, 532-539, 541-
543, 550, 556, 557, 561, 562, 564,
571, 572, 575, 577, 587, 588, 591,
594, 640, 661, 713, 734, 735, 798,
807, 821
Alderman, William F 418
Alexander, Abner 790
Alexander, C. C 694
Alexander, Charles T 285
Alexander, Cyrus W 795
Alexander, Eben ...333, 388, 475,
477, 499, 503, 504, 540, 541, 561,
567, 575, 590, 597, 602, 618, 626,
647, 650, 662, 674, 694, 700, 797, 798
Page
Alexander, Eben, Jr 598, 812
Alexander, Eben, Mrs 797
Alexander, Edmund 368
Alexander, E. G 600
Alexander, Joseph E 497, 498.
523, 524, 810
Alexander, Mark 205
Alexander, Odom 817
Alexander, Sydenham B 306, 795
Alexander, S. P 798
Alexander, W. J 827
All University Baseball Team 753
All University Football Team 747
Allard, Harry A 639, 814
Allen, Alvis W 807
Allen, Arch T 529, 530, 545,
547, 555, 810
Allen, A. W 243, 252
Allen, Daisy B 670, 815
Allen, Jerry H 816
Allen, Risden T 656, 814, 816
Allen, William A 79
Allen. Wilmot B 810
Allen, W. R 789
Allen, W. T 420
Alley, F. E 827
Allison, David 171
Allison, James R 806, 817
Allison, Thomas T 565, 811
Allsbrook, Richard G 516, 524,
529, 530, 792, 810, 827
Alston, Charles S 811
Alston, J. A 794
Alumni Association. .. .46, 47, 48,
133, 205, 328, 360, 395, 424-438,
444, 462, 465, 471, 494, 500, 521,
534, 544, 574, 599, 622, 631, 632,
641, 644, 650. 659, 660, 666, 680,
688, 689, 701, 705, 712, 716, 719,
722, 726. 735
Alumni in High Positions 827-828
Alumni Monthly 727
Alumni Professorship of History —
See Chair of History.
Alumni Quarterly 503-515
Amick, William G 639, 649, 814
Amis, James S..51, 61, 65, 77, 116,
333, 786
Anderson, Albert 642
Anderson, A. L 79
830
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Anderson, G. A 744
Anderson, George B..320, 429, 821, 828
Anderson, Halcott 811
Anderson, James G 652, 815
Anderson, Robert W 419
Anderson, Walker 205
Andrews, Alexander B...246, 247,
252, 279, 788, 793, 795
Andrews, Alex. B., Jr 475, 497, 809
Andrews, Charles McD 815
Andrews, Ethan A 426
Andrews, Graham H 622, 813
Andrews, H. C 43
Andrews, I. E. D 811
Andrews, John H 547, 667
Andrews, Milton 36
Andrews, Samuel J 819
Andrews, Thomas W 665, 670,
676, 677, 683, 815
Andrews, William J 108, 463,
518, 689, 721, 727, 809
Angier, John C 156, 565, 796
Ansell, Samuel T 814
Appendix 785-828
Appropriation — See Legislature.
Archer, Frederick 814
Archer, Gray 635, 813
Arendell, W. L 557
Argo, F. H 454
Argo, Thomas M 31, 33, 46, 98, 422
Armfield, Eugene M..396, 397, 398,
444, 523, 599, 628, 647, 791, 808, 821
Armfield, Jesse L 792
Armfield, W. J 391
Armstrong, Cleaton 0 818
Armstrong, C. W 696
Armstrong, Edward H 819
Armstrong, Harvey 502
Armstrong, J. G 254
Armstrong, Thomas J., Jr 692, 816
Arnold, C. H 802
Arnold, Hugh M 819
Arnold, Samuel J 820
Arrington, Archibald H 565, 819
Arrington, Arthur ..113, 155, 156,
518, 523, 576, 807
Arrington, B. F 795
Arrington, George W 359, 364
Arrington, John, & Sons 795
Arrington, Richard 469, 515
Arrowood, R. S 160
Arthur, J. A., Jr 515
Asbury, Francis 131
Asbury, Joseph J 811
Ashe, Samuel 200, 259
Ashe, Samuel A 279, 795
Ashe, Samuel A., Jr 454, 475
Page
Ashe, Thomas S 175, 200, 406,
430, 519, 580, 787
Ashe, William W 463, 464, 682, 809
Ashley, Samuel S 4, 6, 7, 26, 34, 37
Ashley, Samuel S., Mrs 34
Askew, Edward S 811
Askew, George W 679
Aston, McKay B 516, 530, 810
Athletics ..204, 367, 462, 477, 510,
512-514, 527, 531, 548-550, 557,
569, 573, 581, 596, 620, 628,
695, 710, 747-763
Atkins, Donah J 815
Atkinson, A. M 759
Atkinson, Edward R 820
Atkinson, George F..335, 603, 619, 743
Atkinson, Hugh H 809
Atkinson, James 0 791
Atkinson, John W 366, 367
Atkinson, Joseph M 46, 194, 196
Atkinson, Joseph S 589
Atkinson, J. W., Jr 364
Atkinson, Thomas 36, 105, 169
Atkinson, William R 241, 261, 368
Attmore, George S., Jr 815
Atwater, Matthew 793
Austin, James A 725, 8jl8
Austin, R. H 795
Austin, Samuel F...473, 495, 497, 809
Avent, Joseph E 600, 812
Avery, Alphonso C..419, 429, 439,
789, 828
Avery, B. F., & Sons 203
Avery, Clark M 320
Avery, Isaac E 320
Avery, John M 196, 201, 235, 807
Avery, Lenoir T 817
Avery, Waightstill ..201, 318, 322, 779
Avery, William W 201, 320, 434, 519
Avery, Willoughby F 820
Axley, Felix 785
Aycock, B. F 493
Aycock, Charles B..154, 155, 156,
160, 195, 196, 197, 593, 594, 622,
627, 630, 667, 670, 709, 730, 786,
789, 791, 793, 796, 807
Babb, Thomas W 790
Baccalaureate Sermon ..130, 151,
194, 234, 254, 264, 283, 330, 360,
385, 395, 400, 447, 461, 471, 494,
500, 516, 528, 542, 552, 563, 574,
597, 615, 621, 629, 642, 652, 665,
678, 687, 701, 719, 733
Backus, John 388
Bacot, Daniel H., Jr 725, 736, 805
IXDEX.
831
Page
Badger, George E..141, 320, 321,
435, 635, 709, 797, 821
Badger, Richard C 4, 50, 828
Badger, Thomas 819
Badham, Henry A 5, 785
Baggett, John R 704
Bahnson, Agnew H 814
Bahnson, Frederick F 515, 810
Bahnson, Henry T 621, 798
Bailey, C. T 790
Bailey, J. L 828
Bailey, Joseph W 627
Bailey, Karl B 817
Bain, Charles W 706, 743, 744, 803
Baird, James 749
Baker, Baxter L 819
Baker, Daniel B 165
Baker, Francis, Mrs 528
Baker, John A 819
Baker, John B 322
Baker, Joseph H 367, 386, 808
Baker, Julian M 114, 133, 134,
576, 796, 807
Baker, Mary 581
Baker, Simmons J 322
Ball, Francis K 366, 525, 533
Ball, McCord W 463, 809
Ballard, David C 812
Bancroft, George 36
Bandy, J. M 160
Bank of North Carolina.. 8, 13, 15,
44, 49, 57, 61, 74
Banks, Benjamin L., Jr 815
Banks, Howard A 474, 475
Barbee, Algernon S..95, 421, 679, 701
Barbee, Christopher 261, 425, 770
Barbee, Connie C 817
Barbee, George S 817
Barbee, Harvey C 690, 816
Barbee, Seaton M. . . : 59, 245, 795
Barbee, Walter D 818
Barbee, William 770
Barefoot, Julius J 663, 815
Barefoot, Mordecai L 817
Barham, John. L 792
Barker, Frank P. 698, 726, 733, 737, 818
Barker, William J 815
Barlow, Julius S 412
Barnard, Alfred S..475. 497, 727,
751, 809
Barnes, Calvin 421
Barnes, David A. .45, 408, 430, 785,
792, 828
Barnes, Jesse S 419
Barnes, Leslie E 809
Barnhardt, Charles C.629, 643, 647, 814
Barrett, David S 819
Page
Barrett, James 820
Barringer, Daniel M..46, 320, 322,
519, 828
Barringer, John A 305, 792, 794
Barringer, L. W 795
Barringer, Morean 795
Barringer, Paul B 523, 605
Barringer, Rufus ..62, 408, ■ 449,
795, 796, 798, 821, 828
Barringer, Victor C 5, 6, 8, 414, 785
Barringer, William 323, 822
Barrow, Charles H 679
Barrow, F. T 134
Barrow, William 785
Barry, John D 828
Bartee, James R 820
Bartlett, Leonard W 819
Barwick, Allen J 565, 576, 704,
711, 811
Baseball — See Athletics.
Baseball Record 758
Baskerville, Charles 366, 475,
477, 502, 525, 526, 533, 541, 548,
567, 621, 632, 633, 742, 751, 752,
809, 810
Basketball — See Athletics.
Bason, G. F 795, 827
Bass, Edward F 820
Bass, George P 820
Batchelor, Frank H. .403, 451, 453,
460, 463, 464, 515, 809
Batchelor, Frank P 475
Batchelor, Joseph B 410, 429, 517
Batchelor, Oliver D..385, 391, 396,
397, 398, 518, 808
Batchelor, Van A 516, 529, 810
Battle, Dossey 819
Battle, Elisha 201
Battle, Gaston 451, 809
Battle, George G 574
Battle, Henry L 201
Battle, Herbert B..139, 201, 236,
314, 387, 796, 798, 807, 808
Battle, H. L 796
Battle, Jacob (1).80, 230, 493, 789, 796
Battle, Jacob (2) 469
Battle, James S 788, 794,795
Battle, Jesse M 798
Battle, John M 817
Battle, Junius C 421
Battle, Kemp D..670, 678, 690, 692, 816
Battle, Kemp P. .2, 46, 50, 51, 57,
59, 61, 62, 64, 65, 70, 71, 73,
74, 77, 85, 88, 89, 102, 103, 105,
109, 111, 112, 115-117, 120, 121,
130, 135-137, 139, 142, 145, 157,
160, 165, 170, 186, 198, 201,
832
History of University of. North Carolina.
Battle, Kemp P. Page
203, 207, 215, 223, 240, 242,
245, 257, 259, 267, 282, 287,
289-304, 324, 336, 337, 346, 351-
353, 375-377, 381, 414, 415, 424,
427, 437, 438, 449, 459, 461,
462, 465, 466, 468, 472, 497,
505, 506, 508, 512, 518, 526,
534, 535, 541, 550, 552, 561,
564, 572, 577, 580, 594, 597,
602, 606, 616, 618, 620-622, 627,
639, 640, 642, 647, 650, 655,
668, 671, 675, 681, 703, 707,
713, 717, 721, 723, 732, 740,
775, 786, 793, 795, 799, 821, 828
Battle, Kemp P., Jr. .174, 176, 182,
201, 314, 410, 565, 576, 610, 688,
796, 798, 807
Battle, Lewis J 363, 364, 796, 808
Battle, Richard H 62, 104, 107,
. 128, 177, 417, 447, 457, 461, 518,
523, 524, 580, 588, 630, 633, 643,
654, 688, 719, 732, 788, 793, 795-799
Battle, S. W 798
Battle, Thomas H..134, 195, 201,
314, 518, 523, 796, 798
Battle, William H..30, 36, 46, 50,
52, 86, 88, 89, 95, 97, 98, 104,
105, 117, 151, 166, 167, 169, 170,
173, 206, 321, 430, 435, 505, 579,
768, 778, 786, 793, 795
Battle, William J 357, 391, 396,
397, 398, 440, 505, 796, 799, 808, 809
Battle, W. Lewis 820
Battle, W. S 85, 228, 795, 828
Baucom, George U., Jr 816
Bauer, A. G 328
Eayley, Elden 817
Beall, Robert L 416, 788
Beam, Michael S 690, 817
Beaman, J. R 256
Beard, John G 692, 736, 805, 816
Beasom, J. W 364
Beckwith, Isbon T 80
Beckwith, Sidney T 808
Belcher & Taylor 203
Belden, Arthur W..747, 751, 752,
756, 810
Belden, Louis deK 817
Belk, William P 817
Bell, David 153, 794
Bell, Edward S 419
Bell, James M 708, 743, 804
Bell, Lorenzo J 811
Bellamy, Chesley C 816
Bellamy, Emmett H 818
Bellamy, John D 444, 451, 809
Bellamy, Joseph C 679
Page
Bellamy, Marsden ..421, 783, 789,
798, 819
Bellamy, Marsden, Jr 546,811
Bellamy, N. B 794
Bellamy, Russell 721
Bellamy, Spier C 666
Belt, W. H. G ' 355
Bellamy, W. J. H 798, 819
Bemis, Nettie 547
Benbury, J. E 819
Benjamin, Joseph 413
Bennehan, Richard 456
Bennett, 514
Bennett, D. N 794
Bennett, F. P 749
Bennett, Hugh H 603, 615, 813
Bennett, J. L. 793
Bennett, Kelly E 819
Bennett, Risden T 494
Bentheim, Charles 590
Benton, Thomas H 579
Berkeley, Alfred R 565, 811, 812
Berkeley, Greene R 663,813
Bernard, G 794
Bernard, William S..572, 589, 601,
603, 618, 649, 663, 704, 712, 727,
735, 802, 811, 813
Bernheim, G. D 105
Berry, James 676
Best, Charles E 555, 811
Best, Henry B 663, 815
Bethel, George W 364
Betts, Alexander D..96, 179, 258,
272, '516, 525, 630, 722, 788
Betts, Clarence E 813
Betts, William A 96, 180, 383,
647, 648, 807
Bickett, Thomas W 698,827
Biggs, J. Crawford... 464, 474, 475,
495, 497, 498, 558, 562, 566, 570,
680, 747, 750, 809, 827
Biggs, William 819
Bingham, Herbert ...500, 524, 740, 810
Bingham, Robert 46, 145, 158,
159, 164, 187, 200, 225, 242, 313,
355, 419, 428, 432, 580, 632, 651,
666, 727, 734, 796
Bingham, Robert W 450, 451, 827
Bingham, William (D...322, 323, 741
Bingham, William (2)... 46, 322,
323, 580
Bingham, William J 322, 414, 432
Bishop, George 820
Bitting, Joseph A 788, 798
Bitting, Numa D 813
Bivens, William P 726, 817, 818
Bivins, John A 650
INDEX.
833
Page
Bizzell, E. A 793
Black, W. S 789
Blackburn, E. Spencer 790
Blaekman, Neill R 600, 812
Blackstone Club 510
Blackwelder, Barrie B 655, 814
Blackwell, W. T 177, 254
Blain, James M 819
Blair, Francis P 579
Blair, Franklin S 187, 408
Blair, Jobn J 533
Blake, John C 795
Blake, Jobn R 158, 160
Blakely, Johnston 822
Blalock, M. E 759
Blanchard, James D 820
Blocker, Charles H 820
Blocker, Octavius H 819
Blount, George W 786
Blount, Samuel M 395, 514
Blount, Tbomas 136
Blount, William A 823
Blue, Alexander M 817
Blue, J 794
Blythe, Fred L 817
Board of Agriculture 137, 138.
139, 351, 352, 353, 375, 377, 379, 381
Board of Education.. 3 4, 7, 45,
307, 785
Board of Medical Examiners. .431, 540
Board of Trustees. .1-4, 7, 15, 26,
34, 41-44, 49, 50, 53, 61, 71, 77,
88, 109, 114, 116, 124, 126, 128,
137, 138, 215, 308, 315, 316, 327,
328, 332, 333, 374, 377-379, 386,
426, 452, 456, 457, 459, 461, 470,
489, 499, 512, 513, 514, 526, 527,
528, 532, 542, 543, 551, 552, 561,
564, 570, 572, 593, 594, 601, 602.
626, 633, 635, 644, 656, 657, 672,
674, 681, 690, 726, 731, 732, 785-793
Boatwright, Hal F 816
Bobbitt, James H 267
Bobbitt, Robert W. .725, 738, 806, 818
Boddie, Nicholas W 68, 794
Boddie, William W..529, 547, 667, 810
Bohannon, Ernest F 634, 813
Boice, Miss 287
Bond, Charles 95
Bond, Hugh L 15, 58, 59
Bond, Lewis 173
Bond, W. M 306, 795
Bond, William R 679
Bonham, J. W 827
Bonitz. J. A 455
Bonner, Walter 419
Bonner, William, Jr 383
53
Page
Booker, John M 693, 804
Boone, R. B 827
Boone, Samuel B 814
Boothe, Ben (colored) 455
Boozer, Albert M 422
Borden, E. B 364
Borden, Frank K. (1) 156
Borden, Frank K. (2) 816
Borden, John L 284, 688, 798, 808
Borden, Murray 810
Borden, William H 421
Bourne, Louis M 364, 367, 386,
387, 388, 808
Boushall, John H 696, 705, 817
Boutell, Henry S 647, 648
Bowditch, J. H -. 3, 786
Bowen, Stuart V 690, 816
Bower, W. H 795
Bowers, Marvin A 815
Bowie, Tbomas C..554, 565, 566,
569, 733, 811
Bowman. J. W 785
Bowman, William C 786
Boyd, James E 790
Boyd, Robert W 238, 819
Boyden, Nathaniel A 46, 418
Boyden, Victor H 462, 475, 809
Braddy, Wade H 816
Bradley. Richard 820
Bradshaw, G. Samuel 789
Bradshaw, J. S 211
Brady, James E 235, 237, 807
Bragaw, Stephen C 440, 513, 791
Bragg, John 165, 430, 519
Bragg, Braxton 820
Branch, John 822, 828
Branch, Joseph H 820
Branch, Lester V 546,812
Branch, L. O'B 429, 828
Branch, W. A. B 820
Braswell, Archibald, Jr.. 364, 396,
398, 808
Braswell. James C 451, 809
Braswell, Thomas P., Jr 810
Brawley, Espy W 809
Breese. William E 792, 793
Brem, Tod R 667, 812
Brem, Walter V., Jr 566, 810
Brenizer, Addison G., Jr 813
Brett, George A 416
Brewer, Fisk P 10, 25, 26, 43
Brewer, Josiah 26
Brides, Arthur E 817
Bridgers, Burke H 625, 813
Bridgers, Henry C 514, 810
Bridgers, John L 320, 519
Bridgers, Margaret 684
834
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Bridgers, Robert R..228, 314, 320,
452, 459, 519, 544, 788, 795, 796,
815, 822
Bridges, William A 187
Brief for University 223-230
Briggs, Thomas H 795
Brigman, Lindo 814
Briles, Charles W 810
Bristol, Lucius M 507, 523, 810
Britt, George W 576
Britt, James J 792, 827
Britt, James P 720, 819
Britt, Wade H 815
Britton, Theodore G 813
Broadfoot, Charles W.75, 720, 786, 795
Broadfoot, Thomas M 818
Broadhurst, Edgar D 554, 566,
569, 636, 639, 665, 811
Broadnax, John D 630
Broadus, John A 334
Brodie, Edmund G 421, 798
Brogden, Curtis H..5, 8, 37, 41,
61, 64, 95, 96, 786, 793
Brogden, Lautrec C..500, 501, 523,
524, 810
Brogden, Willis J 554, 555, 811
Brogden, William W 544
Brookins, W. M 156
Brooks, Baird U 589, 812
Brooks, George W 3, 15. 58, 786
Brooks, H. C 469
Brooks, James E 680, 716
Brooks, John R 363
Brooks, Thomas C 195, 807
Brower, James P 814
Brown, Bedford 320, 519, 828
Brown, Charles C 566, 811, 812
Brown, Clarence R 526, 533, 548
Brown, D. R 750
Brown, Elmer E 684
Brown, George H 692
Brown, Hugh T 419
Brown, J. E 798
Brown, John L 221, 827
Brown, John S 795
Brown, Joseph G 628
Brown, Kent J 736
Brown, Levi A 708, 817, 818
Brown, Mark W 827
Brown. O. E 613
Brown, R. H 794
Brown, Roy M 626, 643, 656, 814
Brown, Roy T 818
Brown, T. E. W 524, 784, 810
Brown, Vernon L 811
Brown, Wade H 725, 803
Brown, Walter M 812
Page
Brown, William A 820
Brown, William G 403, 423, 439
Broyles, Thomas T 422
Bruggman, William F 139
Bruner, James D 601, 602, 621,
626, 650, 671, 683, 696
Bryan, A. P 795
Bryan, Carnie P 820
Bryan, Daniel B 817
Bryan, Francis T 454, 557,797
Bryan, Henry H 819
Bryan, Heary R 653, 788
Bryan, James A. 256, 265, 331, 332, 808
Bryan, James W 165, 319, 322, 828
Bryan, John H 321, 653, 822
Bryan, Paul R 725, 736, 806
Bryan, Robert T 199, 241, 502, 807
Bryan, Shepard. .440, 444, 449, 450,
460, 463, 475, 653, 659, 721, 809
Bryan, Wm. F..546, 575, 669, 811, 816
Bryan, W. H 793
Bryan, William J 596
Bryan, William S 821
Bryant, Dixie L 505
Bryant, Edwin W 817
Bryant, Victor S 399, 451, 633,
791, 793, 809
Bryson, Daniel R 514,810
Bryson, T. D 827
Buchan, Edward R 817
Buckley, M. L 725
Buckner, James M 677, 816
Buie, William D 474, 809
Bulla, J. R 785
Bullock, George 421
Bullock, Richard A 679, 701
Bulluck, David A 813
Bunch, W. H 43
Bunn, Elias 820
Bunn, James P 811
Bunting, Thomas 0 819
Burgess, Caleb K...723, 725, 726,
730, 806, 818
Burgess, James L 816
Burgwyn, George P 820
Burgwyn, Hill .517, 523, 798
Burgwyn, W. H. S.. 411, 448, 588,
721, 788, 796, 798
Burke, Thomas J 819
Burkhead, L. S 99
Burney, W. B 423, 439
Burns, Roy P 815
Burns, Silas 41
Bursar's Duties 268
Bursarship Abolished 732
Burton, Andrew J 819
Burwell, Armistead 499
Index.
«35
Page
Burwell, Edmund S 814
Burwell, Robert 256
Burwell, Robert F 385
Burwell, Robert T..364, 386, 387,
388, 808
Burwell, William H 418, 419
Busbee, Cbarles M 68, 794
Busbee, Christiana 615,812
Busbee, Fabius H..104, 145, 173,
175, 205, 207, 252, 328, 457, 527,
613, 654, 683, 788, 795, 796, 798
Busbee, Perrin..477, 498, 514, 523,
633, 709, 734, 739, 791, 809
Busbee, Philip H 566, 600, 812
Busbee, Richard S 811
Busby, J. C 735, 737
Butler, George E 544, 790
Butler, George P 528, 570, 751
Butler, Marion.. 331, 332, 522, 654,
789, 793, 808, 821
Butler, Nicholas M 534, 537, 565
Butt, James A 516
Buttrick, Wallace '. 627, 689
Buxton, Cameron B 811
Buxton, J. C 306, 795, 798
Buxton, J. T 540
Buxton, Ralph P.. 5, 34, 430, 648,
785, 788, 795, 828
Buxton, Ralph P., Mrs 34
Byerly, Edward C 816
Byerly, Thomas J 811
Bynum, Curtis A... 606, 624, 625, 813
Bynum, Ernest T 541, 558, 567
Bynum, John G 822
Bynum, Minna C 615, 812
Bynum, Oliver C 362, 808
Bynum, William P 5, 34, 612,
644, 785
Bynum, William P., Jr 644,792
Byrnes, Charles M...601, 615, 661, 812
Cable, George W 620
Cable, J. N... 530
Caffey, Hugh M 820
Cain, James F 415
Cain, William. .452, 505, 526, 541,
590, 620, 742, 743, 800, 826
Calder, James W 567
Calder, Milton 813
Calder, Robert E 814
Caldwell, David F 246, 321
Caldwell, Ernest 93
Caldwell, Joseph 108, 135, 186,
206, 316, 317, 319, 322-325, 404,
405, 426, 428, 433, 434, 435, 552,
579, 731, 741, 742, 768, 821, 822
Page
Caldwell, J. P 789
Caldwell, Julius A 589, 811
Caldwell, Junius E 558
Caldwell, R. A 828
Caldwell, Robert E..113, 155, 160,
574, 576
Caldwell, Tod R..4, 8, 23, 36, 41,
46, 51, 58, 119, 320, 321, 408,
786, 793, 821, 828
Caldwell, Wilson (colored) 558
Cale, H 794
Calhoun, John C 80, 821
Call, William H 721, gl9
Cameron, Bennehan. .73, 523, 657, 789
Cameron, Duncan ...319, 321, 322, 821
Cameron, Frank H 88, 795
Cameron, John A 321
Cameron, John D..129, 170, 456,787
Cameron, John W 408
Cameron, Mildred C 57
Cameron, Paul C..50, 51, 53, 57,
59, 60, 61, 70, 71, 73, 74, 77,
83, 85, 88, 90, 95, 104, 107, 114,
117, 126, 128, 129, 132, 145, 162,
170, 171, 185, 205, 237, 245, 252,
279, 304, 314, 315, 317, 323-326,
360, 395, 404, 426, 434, 439, 456,
457, 467, 469, 778, 786, 793, 795, 821
Campbell, Alton C 817
Canada, Charles S 811
Canada, John W 507, 516. 529,
530, 531, 566, 810
Canaday, Percy 530, 810
Cannon, Clarence V 670, 815
Cannon, R. H 785
Cansler, Edwin T., Jr 819
Cantwell, Edward 5, 13, 14, 69,
785, 794
Capehart, Baldy A 416, 523
Capehart, Thomas 820
Capel, A. W. E 576
Carlisle, J. G 474
Carlyle, John B 627
Carmichael, William D 667, 810
Carnegie, Andrew ...357, 647, 654, 664
Carpenter, C. Hunter 751
Carpenter, George H 810
Carr, Albert M 812
Carr, Charles S 783, 811
Carr, Claiborn M 814
Carr, Edward P 530, 810
Carr, Enas 522, 786, 793, 795
Carr, Fred L..498, 524, 528, 647,
791, 810
Carr, James O..500, 501, 524, 727,
793, 810
Carr, John R 546, 783, 811
836
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Carr, John W 795
Carr, Julian S..104, 127, 151, 170,
177, 205, 207, 212, 213, 228, 245,
247, 254, 272, 313, 386, 433, 444,
448, 523, 552, 557, 559, 564, 568,
584, 588, 589, 591, 661, 689, 690,
721, 735, 787, 793, 795, 796, 798,
819, 821
Carr, Julian S., Jr 688, 811
Carr, 0. W 45
Carr, Titus M 422
Carr, William 695
Carr, William F 813
Carraway, D. S 364
Carrigan, A. H 519
Carrington, G. L 737
Carrington, Sterling R...707, 708, 817
Carroll, John L 363, 365, 421, 422
Carroll, William H 362, 808
Carson, James M 544
Carson, James P 819
Carson, John M 785
Carson, J. P 721
Carter, Carnie B 736, 806
Carter, David M. .50, 61, 65, 70, 73,
77, 79, 85, 88, 89, 91, 104, 116,
124, 127, 128, 170, 173, 206, 416,
580, 786, 793, 795
Carter, Frank C 469
Carter, H. W 794
Carter, J. W 471
Carter, Melville E 790
Carter, Walter 737, 819
Carter, William 785
Cartmell, N. J 758
Cashwell, Joseph 69, 794
Cates, Alonzo E 589
Cates, Caleb G 438, 808
Cates, Clyde L 737, 818
Cathey, William C 649
Caudle, Green (colored) 37
Cave, Jane 261
Caviness, Zebulon M 621, 813
Centennial of 1889... 399, 403-439. 798
Centennial of 1895 517-523, 582
Certificates — See Commencement.
Chadbourn, George 615, 812
Chadbourn, William H..386, 788,
790, 795
Chair of History 448, 449, 793
Chalmers, Charles 828
Chalmers, Joseph W 819
Chalmers, William M 820
Chambliss, Walter B 820
Chapel Hillian, The 454
Chapin, William B 816
Chapman, A. W 363
Page
Chapman, David S 815
Chapman, Robert H 741
Chapter I, 1; II, 64; III, 99; IV,
142; V, 272; VI, 351; VII, 459;
VIII, 590; IX, 764
Chase, Harry W 708, 728, 738,
743, 803
Chastain, Rufus B 812
Chatham, H. G 504
Cheatham, Thaddeus A 811
Cheek. James 377
Cheek, John M 498, 809
Cheek, Paul F 544
Cheek, T. M 493
Cherry, Tilman B 267
Cherry, William W 594, 823
Cheshire, John 695
Cheshire, Joseph B..190, 423, 452,
529, 599
Cheshire, Joseph B., Jr 667, 812
Cheshire, Theophilus P 814
Chewning, Lawrence H 816
Chilton, Edward J 819
Chisholm, Seeborn W 820
Chrisler. Vivian L 736, 805
Christberg, H. F 567
Church, William L 819
Clark, George M 820
Clark, Henry T 320, 321
Clark, Isaac W 819
Clark, Walter.. 107, 394, 422, 452,
557, 622, 709, 720, 723, 823, 827
Clark, Walter, Jr 792, 814
Clark, W. E. 794
Clark, William M 642
Clarke, David L 816
Clarke, Thomas.. 526, 530, 566, 568, 810
Clarkson, Heriot 444, 798, 827
Class Day.. 1880, 197; 1882, 243;
1883, 267; 1884, 280; 1886, 358;
1888, 391; 1889, 400; 1890, 444;
1891, 460; 1893 495; 1894, 500;
1896, 529; 1897, 543; 1898, 553;
1899, 564; 1900, 575; 1901, 598;
1902, 613; 1903, 622; 1904, 630;
1905, 643; 1906, 652; 1907, 663;
1908, 677; 1909, 686; 1910, 699;
1911, 717; 1912, 732
Class Reunion — See Reunion, Class
of.
Clay, Henry 821
Claytor, Numa R 670, 815
Claytor, Robert H 817
Claxton, Philander P 505, 526, 548
Clegg, Montraville D 820
Clegg, William G 814
Clement, Edward B 813
Index.
837
Page
Clement, Hayden 727
Clement, Herbert 400, 438, 440, 808
Clement, J. H 794
Clements, Guy R 706
Cleveland, Grover 517
Clifton, Lunsford C 565
Clinch, D. L 827
Cline, Edward B 362, 364, 808, 827
Cline, William P 154, 155, 807, 818
Clingman, John B 725, 806, 818
Clingman, Thomas L..36, 46, 158,
256, 405, 551, 822, 828
Clontz, Henry K 816
Closs, Morgan 43
Closs, William 99, 101, 689
Cloud. John M 5, 15, 786
Cobb, Charles C 157, 195, 807
Cobb. Collier.. 499, 505, 541, 548,
566, 602, 618, 620, 626, 637, 639,
650, 675, 676, 711, 739, 742, 743,
767, 800
Cobb, Edward B 812
Cobb, E'. W. S 815
Cobb, Frederick H 185
Cobb, Grace, Mrs 798
Cobb, John T 814
Cobb, Leila M 711
Cobb, Needham B...159, 160, 177, 187
Cobb, Palmer.. 589, 600, 601, 602,
603, 618, 669, 712, 798, 812
Cobb, William B...725, 738, 806, 818
Coble, Albert L. .195, 199, 287, 807, 827
Coble, Charles P 599, 600, 812
Coble, John H 810
Cochran, S. W 17
Coe, Emily M..158, 159, 160, 162.
187, 188
Coffey, George N..565, 566, 572,
575, 811
Coffin, James P 679
Coffin. Matilda 526, 548
Coffin, Oscar J 816
Coffin, R. L 798
Coggin, Joseph B 820
Coghill, Julian B 815
Coker, Francis W 566, 811
Coker, Lee 540
Coker, Robert E 507, 528, 548.
810, 811
Coker, William C..617, 621, 639,
682, 742, 743, 770, 801
Cole, Ernest L 656, 815
Cole, Hugh L 823
Cole, Otis 0 816
Cole, Walter F 814
Coleman, David C 786, 828
Coleman, D. P 355
Page
Coleman, Henry E 819
Coleman, Henry G 818
Coleman, William 5, 23, 58
College Department 609
Collier, Harris T 747-748, 752
Collins, Benjamin M 679
Collins, George 314, 796
Collins, Plato 473, 809
Collins, Robert B 813
Collum, Nicholas 730
Commencement 1869, 34-35;
1870, 35-36; 1876, 112-114; 1877,
129-135
1878,
151-157;
1879,
171-177
1880,
193-198;
1881,
233-238
1882,
253-256;
1883,
264-267
1884,
279-286;
1885,
329-332
1886,
360-364;
1887,
385-388
1888,
394-398;
1889,
399-440
1890,
447-452;
1891,
460-464
1892,
471-475;
1893,
494-499
1894,
499-502;
1895,
516-525
1896,
528-530;
1897,
542-547
1898,
552-555;
1899,
563-566
1900,
574-589;
1901,
597-601
1902,
613-615;
1903,
621-625
1904,
629-635;
1905,
642-649
1906,
652-656;
1907,
663-668
1908,
677-683;
1909,
686-692
1910,
699-708;
1911,
717-726, 819; 1912, 732-738
Commencement Advanced Medical
Department. .621, 629, 642, 652,
663, 677
Confederate Dead.. 317, 320, 327,
338, 428, 552, 591, 799, 819, 820
Confederate Memorial Program . . . 825
Conley, James R 600, 812
Connor, Edwin E 656, 815
Connor, George W..462, 463, 464,
469, 473, 681, 791, 809
Connor, Henry G. .306, 563, 606,
682, 795
Connor, Henry G„ Jr 529, 543, 810
Connor, Hubert B 815
Connor, R. D. W 554, 688, 689, 811
Contents vii
Conwell, Charles E 642, 814
Cook, Charles A 314, 457, 551,
789, 796, 823, 827
Cook, C. L 786
Cook, James S 812
Cooke, ■ 515
Cooke, Charles M 69, 208, 244,
272, 788, 791. 794
Cooke, Charles S 737, 818
Cooke, Quinton H . 814
Cooper, Claytor S 665
838
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Cooper, I. V 798
Cooper, J. W 795
Cooper, R. L • 367, 368
Cooper, T. Ervin 819, 827
Cooper, T. J 473
Cooper, Williamson L., Jr 817
Coopersniith, Samuel 708, 817
Copeland, Virginius 820
Copple, Samuel P 810, 811
Corcoran, W. W 129
Cordon, James H 452, 789, 793
Corrigenda et Addenda 778-783
Costner, James M 678, 682
Costner, Jonas M.( Jr 816, 818
Cotten, Bruce 515
Cotten, John W 721, 819
Cotten, Joseph 820
Cotten, Preston S 814
Coughenour, William C...670, 683, 815
Coulter, V. A 736, 737
Council, Edward A 813
Council, W. W 747, 748
County Superintendent's Associa-
tion 711
Courts, Daniel W 390, 821
Covington, Charles C 156, 523, 576
Covington, Edmund D 819
Covington, James M 819
Covington, Thomas T 196
Cowan, David S 200, 417, 795
Cowan, Hector 513
Cowan, R. H 828
Cowan, Thomas 419
Cowell, Charles F 818
Cowles, Calvin D., Jr 812
Cowles, Calvin J 786
Cowles, Henry C, Jr 811
Cowles, Joseph S 817
Cowper, Bayard T 812
Cowper, George V 575, 589
Cox, Albert L...635, 688, 696, 750, 813
Cox, Fred J 811
Cox, Frances A 814
Cox, John R 814
Cox, Myrtle H 816
Cox, Oliver C 680, 692
Cox, Pierre B 312, 363, 364, 808
Cox, Thomas A 395
Cox, William D 816
Cox, William E 564, 567, 811
Cox, William R. .187, 233, 517, 529, 798
Coxe, Fred J 791
Coyne, Frank 750
Craig, James 425
Craig, Locke... 173, 195, 198. 473,
522, 598, 719, 807, 828
Craige, Burton 320, 525, 810, 828
Page
Craige, Kerr 788, 798, 820
Craige, William F 785
Cranmer, John B 626, 642, 814
Craven, Braxton. . .36, 45, 105, 221, 435
Craven, James R 818
Craver, Harvey 0 817
Craver, Henry C 818
Crawford, Frederick M 814
Crawford, G. C 693
Crawford, Gudtavus C 663"
Crawford, L. W 606
Crawford, Walter S 566,811
Crawford, William T 454
Credle, Clement G 816
Creecy, Richard B..105, 662, 791,
795, 823
Creekmore, Thomas J 810
Crinkley, William A 667, 810
Cross Creek Odd Fellows 797
Cross, T. P 735
Crosswell, James E 817
Crouse, W. L 794
Crowell, Geo. H. .403, 440, 473, 474, 809
Crowell, John F 439, 513
Crowell, Lee 385
Crump, John P 312
Crutchfield, William J 818
Cumming, Preston, Jr 625, 813
Cummings, Michael P 815
Cuninggim, Jesse L..451, 463, 464, 809
Cuningham, Herbert 747, 748, 752
Cuningham, John S 790, 791, 798
Cunningham, John W...408, 794,
795, 828
Curriculum.. 19, 21, 22, 71, 72, 86,
123, 202, 224, 230, 239, 273, 326,
337, 339-342, 382. 4?<J, 508-510, 627
Currie, Daniel J 395, 398, 438,
440, 808, 811
Currie, George H 463, 809
Currie, John D 421, 789, 798
Currie, W. P. M 473, 518, 809
Curry, J. L. M..334, 403, 423, 436,
466, 534
Curtis, Moses A 720, 819
Curtis, Nathaniel C 635, 650, 811
Curtis, Walter M 438, 440, 688, 808
Cutchins, James M., Jr 600, 814
Cutlar, DuBrutz 518, 798
Dabney, Charles W... 139, 238, 335, 379
Daggett, Parker H..694, 706, 743, 804
Dail, W. J. B 396, 397, 398, 808
Daily, John N 819
D'Alemberte, James H...652, 656, 815
Dalrymple, Palmer.. 440, 463, 464, 809
Index.
839
Page
Dalton, Archie C...643, 653, 654,
656, 814
Dalton, D. N., Jr 798
Dameron, Edgar S. W..624, 625,
629, 630, 633, 634, 661, 688-690,
733, 813, 824
Dameron, Julia M 815
Dancy, Frank B 156, 185, 196,
201, 235, 313, 314, 796, 807
Dancy, Francis L 322
Dancy, Hyman & Co 795
Dancy, J. S 795
Dancy, William F 322
Daniel, Erasmus A., Jr 633, 813
Daniel, James M., Jr 733, 818
Daniel, Joseph J 429, 823, 828
Daniels, Frank A.. 671, 791, 796,
798, 827
Daniels, Josephus. . .279, 395, 404,
444, 446, 523, 599, 622, 647, 699,
705, 716, 791, 798
Daniels, Virgil C 649, 813, 814
Darden, William A 794, 817
Darden, William E..450, 473, 474,
809, 810
Davenport, Lee 818
Davidson, Allen T 785
Davidson, Allen T., Jr 194, 255, 807
Davidson, Theodore F 353, 794
Davie, Ambrose 420
Davie Poplar.. 29, 37, 38, 267, 460,
495, 500, 543, 554, 564, 576, 599,
619, 622, 630, 647, 653, 661, 664,
678, 718, 733
Davie, William R...135, 136, 318,
319, 321, 322, 325, 389, 426, 435,
495, 543, 664, 684, 765, 822
Davies, William M 819
Davies, William W..403, 463, 464,
721, 809
Davis, E. Hayne..77, 177, 417, 418, 786
Davis, George 105, 256, 519, 788
Davis, Hayne...396, 397, 398, 625, 808
Davis, Henry W 814
Davis, J. E. B 438, 440, 808
Davis, Jefferson 115
Davis, Johnson C 525
Davis, Joseph J. .51, 61, 71, 77, 233,
263, 388, 415, 416, 468, 494, 580, 786
Davis, J. W 540
Davis, Matthew S 418
Davis, Noah K 334
Davis, R. G. S 811
Davis, R. H 134
Davis, Robert M 498, 809
Davis, Royall O. E..600, 601, 603,
626, 665, 693, 742, 812, 813
Page
Davis, Samuel L 463, 518, 809
Davis, Thomas F 430
Davis, Thomas W 679, 701
Davis, Timothy W 820
Davis, William 812
Davis, William B 670, 683, 815
Dawson, Joseph G 817
Day, Jerry 816
Day, Roby C 655, 656, 668, 815
Day, William EL. 61, 104, 117, 118,
527, 780, 786, 820
Deak. James A 444
Deal, Roy L 700, 708
Death of —
Aycock, Charles B 593
Battle, Richard H 732
Battle, William H 167
Busbee, Fabius H 683
Cameron, Paul C 456
Clingman, Thomas L 551
Day, William H 780
DeRosset, Armand J 551
Gore, Joshua W 673
Graham, William A. (1) 84
Grandy, Carey D 256
Graves, Ralph H. (1) 111-112
Graves, Ralph H. (2) 440
Harris, Eugene L 620
Hilliard, Nancy Segur 38
Hooper, John DeBerniere 353
Hooper, William 108
Hume, Thomas 739
Kerr, Washington C 256
Linscott, Henry F 567
Mclver, Alexander 619
Mallett, William P 441
Mangum, Adolphus W 446
Manning, John 560-562
Mason, Mary Elizabeth 502
Means, Paul B 681
Moore, William H 780
Phillips, Charles 399
Saunders, William L 455
Smith, Mary Ann 457
Spencer, Cornelia Phillips 674
Swain, David L 778
Worth, David G 550
Deaver, J. P 794
Dedication iii
Dedication Medical Building 731
Deems, Charles F..105, 129, 130,
133, 191, 253, 277, 425, 427, 500,
623, 821
Deems, Frank M 238
Deems Fund. 191, 192, 277, 482-485, 568
Dees, William A 700, 708, 717, 817
DeGraff, E. V 267, 287
840
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Degrees Conferred in Course. .807-820
See also Commencement.
Degrees Conferred on War Classes
717, 819
Degrees, Honorary — see Honorary
Degrees.
DeJarnette, Reuben R 820
DeLaney, Ernest S 708, 817
Dellinger, Russell C 708, 817
DeMotte, John B 597, 620
Denny, Collins 719
Denson, Claude B 23
Denson, Claude B., Jr... 546, 566,
783, 811, 812
Denton, Beecher T 737, 818
Department Agriculture and Me-
chanic Arts.. 11, 20. 66, 71, 72,
79, 219, 274, 307, 335, 375, 377,
379, 381, 556
Department of Biology 508
Department of History 508
Department of Law. .126, 231, 239,
505, 556, 566, 609, 709, 736, 744
Department of Medicine. .166, 231,
453, 528, 540, 556, 609, 610, 621,
657, 660, 677, 744
Department of Mining 609
Department Pedagogy 508, 609
Department of Pharmacy. 203, 231,
453, 542, 556, 609, 610, 633, 744
DeRosset, Armand J 165, 404,
517, 551, 821
DeSchweinitz, Emile A. .242, 255,
287, 332, 512, 807, 808
Detwiler, G. H 629
Devereux, T. P 168
Dewey, Charles 58, 74
Dewey, H. P 652
Dews, Thomas 165
Dey, Calvert R 811
Dey, William M 802
Dey, William N 694
Dialectic Society. .54. 62, 98, 135,
153, 173, 194, 234, 269, 277, 280,
283, 293, 344, 356. 357, 364, 383,
392, 395, 398, 402, 434, 435, 442,
447, 450, 462, 463, 468, 473, 475,
497, 502, 503, 506, 510, 516, 544,
554, 565, 569, 574, 575, 598, 599,
605, 606, 607, 614, 622, 624, 629,
630, 643, 647, 648, 654, 665, 667,
678, 680, 690, 700, 705, 723, 735,
799, 821, 822
Dick, John M 321
Dick, Robert P. .15. 26, 34, 46, 112,
113, 140, 159, 397, 409, 427, 430,
498, 580, 771, 785, 822, 828
Page
Dickey, B. K 794
Dickson, James H 322, 431
Dickson, Paul 718, 817
Dickson, Thomas W..652, 656, 815,
816, 824
Dickson, William S 670, 815
Dillard, John H 175, 430, 792
Dix. Dorothy 311
Dixon, Amri C 157, 187, 189,687
Dixon. Benjamin P.. 534, 667, 690, 790
Dixon, Frank 362, 365, 808
Dixon, George 11
Dixon, Thomas 305, 794
Dobbin, James C 311, 579, 823
Dobbins, James T..726, 736, 737,
806, 817, 819
Dobson, J. F 795
Dobson, John H 113, 576
Dockery, Alfred 785
Dockery, Claudius. . .293, 294, 361,
364, 368, 386-388, 399, 544, 790,
793, 808, 809
Dockery, O. H 103, 828
Dockery, Settle 501
Doggett, G. B 80
Doherty, William H 9, 11
Dolley, David H 662, 673, 708, 742
Donaldson, Robert 42
Donalson, John E 819
Donelson. Samuel 820
Donnell, John R 321, 430, 827
Donnell, R. H 434
Donnell, Richard S 322, 823, 828
Donnelly, John.. 546, 566, 642, 695,
783, 811, 814
Dorland, Charles J 36
Dortch, Isaac T 793
Dortch, William T 256, 265
Doss, James C 820
Doub. Henry W 733, 818
Doub, W. C 187
Dougherty, Blanford B 811
Dougherty, John 326
Dougherty, J. B 328
Doughton, R. A. .375, 376, 462, 489, 789
Douglas, James M 711, 728, 738
Douglas, Martin F 816
Dowd, Clement 418, 795
Dowd, Joseph C 157, 172
Downing, Hugh 5, 785
Doyal, P. H 569
Dozier, Jesse K 567, 783,811
Dramatic and Musical Programs,
824, 825
Drane, Brent S..601, 603, 613, 667, 812
Drane, Frank P 656, 814, 815
Drane, Fred B 733, 818
Index.
841
Page
Drane, Robert 725, 817
Draughon, James W 820
Drew, Frank 397, 808
DuBois, A. J 452
Duckworth, R. H 785
Duerden, James B...617, 620, 621, 743
Duffy, Richard N...600, 601, 603,
615, 812
Dugger, John E...45, 51, 61, 73,
77, 90, 117, 144, 145, 158, 187,
199, 241, 257, 267, 268, 786
Duke, B. N 798
Duls, C. H 798
Duls, Ferdinand J 726, 817
Duls, William H 652, 664, 669, 815
Dumas, H. N 692
Duncan, James S 814
Duncan, Julius F 615, 812, 813
Duncan, V. V. D 696
Duncan, W. W 400
Dunlap, Frank L 816
Dunlap, J. J 794
Dunlap, Lucius V 816
Dunn, William, Jr 813
Dunston, Tom (colored) 631
Dunston, Walter S 330, 362, 808
Dupre, Alcee 820
Durham, Carter 480
Durham, Plato 701
Dusenbury, James L 786
Eagles, Charles S 816
Eagles, Theophilus R., Jr 678,
736, 738, 805, 815, 819, 824
Eagles, William W 813
Eason, Joseph D., Jr 708, 817
Eason, Oscar 817
Eason, Robert R 463, 809
Easterling, Edward C 819
Eastin, John 408
Eatman, Darius. .. .507, 515, 547,
667, 810
Eaton, Harry N 669
Eaton, John 381
Eaton, L. B 197
Eaton, Oscar B 283
Eaton, William 105, 519, 828
Eagerton, Allen H 547, 667, 810
Edgerton, J. H 525
Edmonds, William R 690, 692,
698, 699, 700, 817
Edmundson, E. K 720
Edmundson, Thomas 157
Edmundson, William E 361
Edwards, Arthur J 475, 498, 809
Edwards, David H 819
Page
Edwards, J. H 794
Edwards, Luther B 396, 397, 808
Edwards, Victor C 816
Egerton. M. W 387, 395, 398
Ehringhaus, J. C. B 600, 618,
654, 722, 727, 812, 813, 827
Eldridge, Joseph 1 663
Election of President. . .9, 114-120,
465-468, 532, 571
Election of Professors —
See Faculty.
Election of Trustees —
See Board of Trustees.
Eley, Peter H 546, 575, 783, 811
Eliot, Charles W 437
Eller, Adolphus H..283, 331, 427,
444, 518, 703, 791, 798, 808
Eller, F. P 462, 473
Eller, John C..498, 500, 529, 530,
531, 810
Ellington, Robert L 812
Elliott, Fred 815
Elliott, J. G 45
Elliott, Warren G 544, 790
Ellis, Alexander C 501, 533, 809
Ellis, John W 430
Ellis, Robert C 792
Ellis, William B., Jr 818
Emerson, Horace 756
Emerson, Isaac E 23, 178
Emmet, Thomas A 107
Emmons, Ebenezer 261, 743
Empie, Brook G 792
Engelhard, Edward B...134, 153.
205, 360, 796
Engelhard, John C 364
Engelhard, Joseph A 152, 320, 821
English, Arthur B 652, 815
English, N. C 199
English, Thomas R 622
Ennett, William T 819
Errata 784
Erwin, Alfred M. . 66, 793
Erwin, William E 807
Eskridge, Thomas J 396-398, 808
Etheridge, Joseph W 5, 785
Eure, Mills L 53, 420, 786, 795
Eure, Mills R. .400, 403, 438, 493, 808
Evans, Alminal & Co 595
Evans, Leslie B 810
Eve, F. Edgeworth 820
Everett, James A 817
Everett, Reuben 0 614, 687, 813
Everett, Simon J 599, 600, 812
Everett, William N 721,792
Ewing, William J 786
842
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Executive Committee. .3, 5, 6, 8,
13, 17, 41, 51, 70, 74, 77, 135,
136, 166, 170, 201, 327, 456, 457,
471, 683, 697, 732, 793
Exum, James H 820
Faculty 2, 9-12, 19, 31, 43, 77,
79-82, 91, 104, 128, 136, 157,
178, 238, 256, 257, 287, 309, 333,
337, 365, 380, 383, 398, 426, 427,
440, 442, 452, 467, 468, 470, 475,
497, 499, 513, 514, 525, 527, 528,
533, 535, 542, 555, 558, 561, 566,
572, 577, 584, 589, 601, 605-611,
617, 626, 633, 635, 636, 640, 662,
668, 681, 693, 706, 708, 709, 725,
735, 799-806
Faculty Publications 741-745
Fair, James Y 701
Faircloth, A. M 333
Faircloth, William T..51, 61, 65,
77, 88, 489, 524, 525, 786, 795
Faires, Rosabelle S 816
Faison, Frank S 721, 819
Faison, Henry E...172, 189, 196,
791, 807
Faison, James H 134, 155, 807
Faison, John M 827
Faison, William A 410
Falkener, William W 818
Farlow, Newton F 813
Farquhar, A. B 203
Farrar, Mont Royal 642, 814
Farrell, John T 524, 810
Farrior, John B 817
Farris, Edward H 814
Farrow, G. Ferdinand 820
Farthing, Logan E 652, 815
Fason, Joshua L 817
Faucette, Adolphus G 189
Feild, Alexander J.. 330, 518, 525,
703, 798, 808
Feild, Alexander L..692, 700, 703,
708, 725, 736, 737, 817
Felix, J. S 542
Fenner, James P 818
Fentress, Baxter L 696, 817
Ferebee, D. D 828
Ferebee, Nelson M 256, 792
Ferguson, Herbert R.463, 498, 792, 809
Ferguson, William D 820
Ferguson, William H 817
Ferrell, John A. .615, 663, 667, 812, 815
Fetter, Henry 820
Fetter, Manuel.. 23, 30, 31, 80, 411,
422, 427
Page
Fetter, William M 820
Fields, William C 23, 36, 66, 793
Finger, Sidney M..425, 454, 461,
463, 789, 793, 794
Finley, John H 634
Finley, W. W 687
First Woman Graduate 553
Fisher, Abiel W 785
Fisher, Boothe & Co 9
Fisher, William 690, 813
Fitts, J. W 80
Fitzgerald, A. L 827
Flagler, Clarence 814
Fleming, John M...420, 451, 464,
721, 809
Fleming, William L 817
Fleming, William W 820
Fletcher, Reverson S 530, 547,
667, 810
Foard, N. P 788
Fogartie, James E 464,809
Foil, A 794
Folger, Alonzo D 818
Folk, G. N 787
Follin, Robert E 557, 811
Fonville, Claude C 818
Football — See Athletics.
Football Record 753
Footman, Renard M 820
Forbis, James W 173
Fore, James A., Jr 670, 815
Forney, D. M 827
Fort, Joel B 642
Fort, Melville V 626
Fort, William B 720, 819
Foscue, Fred W 811
Foscue, Henry C 720, 819
Foster, A. G 828
Foster, Eugene C 596
Fountain, George M 760, 815
Foushee, H. A 827
Foushee, William L 626
Foust, Charles G...391, 392, 396,
397, 808
Foust, Edwin M 808
Foust, Frank L 618, 749
Foust, Julius I.. 451, 595, 626, 707, 809
Foust, Thomas B 813
Foust, Thomas R...475, 505, 526,
603, 619, 809
Fowle, Daniel G 129, 424, 439,
449, 786, 793
Foy, Joseph H 238
Franck, Edward L 817
Franklin, Benjamin 823
Franklin, Jesse D 820
Index.
843
Page
Fraternities.. 93, 136, 342, 343, 409,
470, 527, 642, 652, 670, 678, 687,
690, 692, 700, 708, 726, 737, 740,
780, 782
Prazier, Cyrus C 687, 816
Frazier, Rufus 786
Freeman, Job i W 817
Freeman, Robert A.. 723, 726, 732, 818
Freeman, T. J 793
Fremont, Frank M. .114, 133, 134, 807
French, John R 785
French, William F 68, 69, 794
Fries, H. E 798
Fries, John W. .127, 313, 314, 444,
574, 591, 601, 656, 779, 789, 795, 796
Frost, Harry B 625, 635, 813
Frost, Samuel M 20, 416
Fry, J. A. B 599
Fry, William H 805, 817
Fuentes, Francisco V 817
Fulghum, Caroline 505
Fulghum, Susie 696
Fuller, Edwin W 113, 412
Fuller, Jones 827
Fuller, Thomas C...36, 321, 494,
498, 519, 553
Fuller, W. P 737
Fulton, Maurice G 626
Furches, Daniel M 524, 525
Furman, R. M 789
Gadcly, Henry M 817
Gaddy, William M..680, 687, 692, 816
Gahagan, G. W 5, 785
Gailor, Thomas F 678
Gaines, John C 820
Gaither, James F 810
Gaither, William G 188
Gale, Christopher 821
Gales, Joseph 607
Gales, Seaton. ,50, 88, 109, 111, 117,
118, 125, 158, 160, 607, 786, 793
Gales, Weston R 607
Gallaway, Charles W 155, 807
Galloway, Alexander H 791
Galloway, Gaston G 813
Galloway, John M...305, 417, 461,
788, 794
Gannett, W. G. B 785
Gant, Joseph E 812
Gant, J. Q 504
Gardner, Charles S 642
Gardner, O. M 749
Garland, William H 408
Garlington, John 820
Garren, Gardiner M 615, 812
Page
Garrett, Cecil C 699, 700, 817
Garrett, Thomas M 416, 828
Garrett, W. R 603, 619
Garrott, Isham 407, 429
Gash, Thomas D 793
Gaston, William 319, 321, 739, 823
Gatlin, R. C 828
Gatling, Bart M 469, 809
Gatling, John 469, 795
Gattis, Samuel M..280, 284, 622,
632, 646, 688, 792, 808, 827
Gattis, Samuel M., Jr. 818
General Assembly — See Legisla-
ture.
Gentry, George W 817
Gentry, J. R 736
George, Forney 53, 786, 828
George, T. N. M 605
George, Wesley C..725, 736, 806,
817, 819
Gerrard, Charles 425
Gibbs, Emmett W 663, 815
Gibbs, N. M 747, 750
Gibson, James B 813
Gidney, Samuel E 361
Gildersleeve, B. L 120, 230
Giles, John 828
Giles, John R 600, 625, 813
Gill, William P 820
Gillam, Francis 815
Gillespie, Ernest E 501, 809
Gilliam, Donnell 194,196
Gilliam, Henry A 792
Gilliam, Henry A., Jr 403
Gilliam, Robert B 519, 828
Gilman, Daniel C..120, 424, 436,
439, 465
Gilmer, Ellison L 312
Gilmer, John A. (1) 46
Gilmer, John A. (2).. 51, 73, 77,
88, 117, 419, 420, 449, 461, 475,
786, 795, 798, 821
Gilmer, John A. (3) 475
Gilmer, Joseph B 814
Gilmer, R. D 789
Gilmore, Willis D 621, 813
Glenn, John F 812
Glenn, Marshall R 813
Glenn, Robert B 655, 667, 786, 793
Gienn, W. B 794
Godwin, H. L 827
Godwin, Robert L 812
Gold, Charles F 817
Gold, Pleasant D., Jr 544, 545,
547, 554, 555, 727, 790, 811
Gold, Thomas J 622, 624, 813
Goluck, A. G 628
844
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Goode, John 385
Goodloe, David S 420
Goodman, Erastus G 332, 808
Gordis, Warren S 736
Gordon, Henry A 820
Gordon, William J 625, 626, 813
Gordy, William F 547
Gore, Joshua W. .182, 257, 259, 275,
287, 298, 314, 336, 355, 368, 389,
399, 476, 499, 505, 512, 526, 541,
570, 597, 602, 618, 620, 663, 665,
673, 674, 688, 741, 742, 796, 821
Gorrell, Albert B 790, 798
Gorrell, Ralph 828
Goslen, Junius B...656, 814, 824, 825
Graduate Department 609
Graduates — See Commencement;
see also Appendix.
Grady, Benjamin P.... 51. 61, 77,
272, 518, 523, 666, 786, 823
Graham, Alexander. .266, 476, 505,
518, 523, 526, 533, 547, 574, 590,
591, 603, 619, 650, 798
Graham, Alexander H 733, 818
Graham, Archibald W 754, 756,
757, 812
Graham, Augustus W...307, 313,
314, 411, 689, 721, 795, 796, 827
Graham, Augustus W., Jr 726, 818
Graham, Daniel McL ..419, 827
Graham, Edward K. .366, 554, 570,
618, 626, 636, 650, 695, 713, 719,
729, 743, 783, 802, 811
Graham, Frank P 678, 686, 816
Graham, George 695, 798, 817
Graham, George A 785
Graham, George M. (1)..314, 464,
514, 796, 809, 810
Graham, George W. (1) 145
Graham, George W. (2) 813
Graham, James A.. 41, 50, 51, 52,
61, 71, 74, 77, 117, 786, 788
Graham, John W 52, 172, 237,
314, 419, 440, 580, 647, 654, 666,
674, 787, 793, 796, 828
Graham, John Wooten 451, 809
Graham, Joseph (1) 318, 319, 426
Graham, Joseph (2) 666, 798
Graham, Mary 0 738
Graham, Neill R...624, 630, 635, 813
Graham, Paul C 314, 464, 796, 809
Graham, William A. (1)..2, 38,
50-52, 59, 61, 64, 65, 70, 74, 75,
77, 83, 84, 104-106, 131, 132,
165, 206, 320, 321, 323, 325, 404,
434, 435, 517, 519, 572, 579, 778,
786, 796, 822, 828
Page
Graham, William A. (2).. 68, 69,
701, 794, 796, 827
Graham, William A. (3) 502, 810
Graham, Wm. Archibald 813
Grainger, H. F 788
Grainger, James M 669, 683, 696
Grandy, Albert S...175, 234, 243,
255, 807
Grandy, Carey D...104, 109, 128,
157, 158, 159, 174, 178, 182, 238,
256, 257, 322, 639
Grandy, Charles T 362, 808
Grandy, Luther B 362, 364, 808
Grant, Eliza, Mrs 178
Grant, Hiram L 790
Grant, James.. 152, 156, 321, 405,
426, 447, 448, 449, 796, 798, 823
Grant, J. W ' 794
Graves, Calvin 319, 320, 828
Graves, Ernest.. 441, 546, 752, 755, 811
Graves, J. F 786
Graves, Julia, Mrs 797
Graves, Louis.. 615, 618, 667, 751, 812
Graves, Ralph H. (l)...lll, 186,
• 322, 323, 427, 432, 772, 823
Graves, Ralph H. (2).. 79, 81, 88,
91, 92, 109, 157, 158, 186, 230,
238, 275, 314, 322, 335, 337, 440,
441, 447, 452, 512, 585, 638, 639,
742, 772, 797
Graves, Ralph H. (3)... 186, 543,
567, 574, 810, 811
Graves, Stephen P 790, 827
Graves, William 818
Gray, Eugene P 812
Gray, James A 798
Gray, James A., Jr 678, 815
Gray, John B 819
Gray, Robert P 267, 807
Gray, Robert T..200, 489, 564, 790, 793
Gray. Samuel W 820
Greeley, Clarence 499
Green, C. B 305, 794
Green, DeLeon F 815
Green, Fred A 403
Green, George 51, 77
Green, George E 755
Green, George J 813
Green, John A 820
Green, John F 546
Green, Wharton J 798
Green, William M..206, 237, 238,
316, 322, 323, 345, 427, 430, 604,
741, 822
Green, William W., Jr 677, 816
Greene, John G 813
Greene, Nathanael 108
Index.
84;
Page
Greenfield, John M., Jr 565, 811
Greening, John W 546, 575, 811
Greenlee, Edward T 234
Greenwood, Adolphus B 817
Gregg, Mary G 711
Gregory, Alphonzo L 809
Gregory, Edwin C..502, 530, 531,
750, 752, 755-757, 810
Gregory, Fletcher H 813
Gregory, Quentin 601, 812
Gresham, LeRoy 660, 675
drier, William P 816
Griffin, Hugh A 816
Griffin, Leonidas C 625, 814
Griffin, Malachi R 576
Griffith, G. R 796
Griffith, Wiltshire 816
Grigg, Decatur 785
Griggs, Mary G 728, 738
Grimes, Bryan.. 320, 414, 787, 796,
823, 828
Grimes, J. Bryan... 721, 792, 793,
798, 827
Grimes, Junius D 811
Grimes, Walter H 684, 694
Grimes, William D 811
Grimes, William L 656, 796, 814
Grimsley, George A 590, 603, 619
Grimsley, William P 5, 785
Grissom, Eugene 145, 200, 209,
279, 327, 788, 793, 797
Grissom, Robert G..386, 387, 388,
395, 797, 808
Groome, Mary 615, 812
Groome, Pinckney B 614, 812
Grosvenor, Edwin A 686
Grove, William B 620
Gruver, Charles D 811
Gudger, Emmett C 600, 812
Gudger, Henderson A 306, 307,
425, 698, 788, 793, 795, 798
Gudger, Hubert B 814
Gudger, James M., Jr 647
Gudger, Vannon L 814
Guess, William C 726, 817
Guion, Haywood W 320, 322, 323
Guion, John A 817
Guion. Louis I 748, 749, 752
Guion, Owen H 791
Gulick, William M 364
Gulley, N. Y 240, 257, 305
Gunnels, William M 820
Gunter, Charles W 817
Gunter, Herbert B..670, 677, 683,
815, 824
Gunter, Percy G 817
Guste, William T 730
Page
Guthrie, Hugh B 261, 778, 796
Guthrie, John 261
Guthrie, Marshall C 618, 629, 814
Guthrie, William A.. 633, 680, 733,
796, 798
Guthrie, AValter H 22, 23, 36
Guthrie, Walter S 35
Guthrie, William A. .422, 463, 469,
518, 522, 720
Gwyn, James A 529, 810
Gwyn, Thomas L 813
Gwynn, Price H., Jr. .726, 733, 737,
738, 818
Gymnasium 312, 513, 596, 612,
644, 796, 797
Hackett, R. F 307, 795
Hackett, Richard N. .386, 523, 782,
808, 827
Hackney, George 757
Haden, Richard C 820
Hadley, Arthur T 745
Hadley, Thomas J 518
Hagood, Thomas B 720, 819
Haigh, Charles 701
Haigh, Severn G 813
Haigh, Thomas D 414, 796
Hair, John K 811
Haizlip, James D 797, 807
Hale, Edward J 421, 518, 544,
701, 707, 791, 793
Hale, Peter 414
Haley, P. J 656
Hall, B. F 798
Hall, Boiling 816
Hall, Charles H 360
Hall, Edward 430
Hall, Edward P 806
Hall, James K..575, 600, 601, 603, 812
Hall, John A 819
Hall, Robert A 706, 743, 804
Hall, Roger B 817
Hall, William H 418
Halliburton, John B 818
Hamer, Missouri R..267, 284, 688, 807
Hamilton, G. H 786
Hamilton. J. G. deRoulhac. . .662.
671, 681, 683, 699, 710, 728, 738,
743, 744, 802
Hamilton, Oscar A.. 696, 708, 720, 817
Hammel, W. C. A 590, 626, 650
Hammer. W. C 827
Hammond, Walter M 438, 440, 808
Hampton, David A 807
Hancock, F. W 790
Hanes, Frederick M 621, 813
846
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Hanes, James G 816
Hanes, Lewis 36, 794
Hanes, Robert M 818
Hannah, John G., Jr 792
Hardnian, T. W. D 820
Hardin, Arthur W 812
Hardin, Edward J 421, 797
Hardin, Oscar L 656, 815
Hardin, William H 206
Harding, Fordyce C..473, 474, 497,
499, 809, 810
Harding, Henry P 566, 811
Harding, William F 497, 501, 809
Hardison, Osborne B 817
Hardiscn, Robinson B 669, 815
Hardy, Benjamin 787
Hardy, W. M 606
Hargett, Frederick 426
Hargrave, Alfred 794
Hargrave, J. L 828
Hargrave, William F 819
Hargrave, William T 820
Hargrett, Haines H 818
Hargrove, Tazewell L 41, 44
Harper, Francis M 364, 391,
396-398, 808
Harper, James M 710
Harper, James W 412
Harper, Ralph M 605, 813
Harper, W. R 534
Harrell, Eugene 798
Harrington, Karl P.. 475, 515, 541,
566, 567
Harrington, Wilton D 812
Harris, Andrew J... 285, 688, 798, 808
Harris, C. E " 550
Harris, Charles F 566, 811
Harris, Ceburn L 8,785
Harris, Charles U 813
Harris, David S 817
Harris, David W 677, 816
Harris, Eugene L..176, 241. 257,
267, 287, 355, 461, 507, 567, 620, 807
Harris, Hunter L...395, 400, 402,
438, 440, 475, 515, 625, 809
Harris, Isaac F 812, 813
Harris, James R 809
Harris, John L 812
Harris, John W 726, 738, 817, 819
Harris, Julie H 649, 814
Harris, Stanford H 810
Harris, Thomas W..158, 160, 166,
167, 178, 187, 203, 241, 245, 278,
347, 405, 407, 512, 609, 640, 728
Harris, W. N 4, 7
Harris, William S 105, 794
Harrison, N. H 305, 794
Page
Harrison, Thomas P 650, 711, 738
Harrison, W. P 233, 234
Harriss, Robert T 419
Harriss, W. W 408
Hart, B. Mabrey 696
Hart, Albert B 468
Hartley, Eugene F 811
Hartsell, Luther T 792, 810
Hartsfield, Alva C 820
Harvey, Addison 419
Harvey, Charles F 474,809
Harward, William D 810
Haskell, J. A 785
Hassell, Charles 649
Hassell, Cushing B 50, 71, 787
Hassell, Francis S 605, 614, 813
Hassell, Sylvester 80, 200
Hatcher, Benjamin W 187, 199
Hathcock, John L 670, 815
Hathcock, William H 817
Haughton, John R 820
Havens, Leroy 820
Hawes, Edmund A., Jr 813
Hawes, Jesse B..265, 267, 280, 284,
688, 808
Hawes, John R 688
Hawkins, Benjamin 318, 319, 321
Hawkins, Colin M 819
Hawkins, John D 320
Hawkins, Joseph W 320, 322
Hawkins, Marmaduke J 791
Hawkins, William. . .319, 320, 321, 821
Hawkins, William F 788
Hawkins, W. J 798
Hawks, A. W 596
Hawks, Cicero 430
Hawks, Francis H 408
Hawks, Francis L..206, 322, 323,
543, 579, 823
Hawley, Frank M 816
Hawthorne, J. B 280, 283
Hay, H. T 731
Hay, John 259
Hayes, A. H 794
Hayes, Orlin S 5, 785
Haynes, J. W. 656
Haynes, Lewis 788
Hays, John W., Jr 254
Hays, Middleton 819
Haywood, Alfred W. .523, 551, 630,
790, 813
Haywood, E. Burke.. 320, 439, 444,
798, 822
Haywood, Ernest. . .156, 195, 201,
322, 798, 807
Haywood, E. G 14, 44, 72
Haywood, Fabius J., Jr... 550, 759, 810
Index.
847
Page
Haywood, Hubert B 814
Haywood, John 136, 319, 322
Haywood, Joseph A 421
Haywood, Marshall DeL 798
Haywood, R. B 797
Haywood, T. Holt 664
Haywood, Thomas H 656, 815
Haywood, William 201
Haywood, William G 811
Headen, William E 396, 397, 808
Hearn, Williamson E 812
Heartt, Alice 798
Heartt, Dennis 798
Heath, Robert R 17
Heck, J. M 137, 796
Hedrick, Benjamin S 416, 744
Hedrick, J. D 367
Heitman, J. F 157, 162, 191, 234
Heitman, Numa F..237, 239, 266,
267, 807
Hellenian, The 511, 740
Henderson, Archibald 546, 547,
567, 570, 597, 617, 682, 727, 728,
742, 743, 783, 802, 811, 812
Henderson, Archibald E 720, 819
Henderson, Barbara 802
Henderson, Daniel S 175, 176
Henderson, John J 736
Henderson, John S 721, 787, 828
Henderson, John S., Jr.. 615, 667, 812
Henderson, Richard hi.... 93, 174,
410, 417, 565, 807
Henderson, William 408
Henderson, William F...5, 6, 168, 785
Hendley, Charles J 814
Hendon, Margaret 150
Hendren, J. F 721
Hendricks, Frederick B 815
Hendricks, John A 386
Hendrix, Eugene R 397, 665, 784
Henley, James A 313, 314, 797
Henley, William P 817
Henry, George K. G 694, 736, 805
Henry, James L 785
Henry, Morris H 388
Henry, Nelson B 334, 335, 360
Henry, Ray 814
Henry, R. M 785
Henry, Vance 818
Henry, W. R 797
Hentz, Nicholas M 742
Hepburn, Andrew D...2, 30, 164,
238, 264, 411, 679, 741
Herbert, Hilary A 614
Herring, Ernest C 815
Herring, John R., Jr 255, 265
Page
Herring, Robert R 683, 816
Herring, Robert W..606, 622, 625, 813
Herty, Chas. H..657, 681, 742, 743, 801
Herty, Frank R 502, 711
Herty, Holmes 711
Hester, Francis E 817
Hester, John W. .667, 677, 678, 683, 815
Hester, Joseph R 817
Hester, St. Clair 312, 391, 392,
396, 397, 398, 399, 453, 682, 808, 809
Hesterly, Louis E 818
Hewitt, Joseph H 566, 811
Heyer, Henry Y 816
Hickerson, Lytle N 497, 740, 809
Hickerson, Thomas F....625, 635,
658, 694, 706, 805, 813, 815
Hicks, Oscar V 664, 815
Hicks, William J ' 796, 815
Hiden, W. J. C 133
Higdon, Thomas B..634, 647, 649, 814
Higgins, Carlisle 818
Highsmith, Edwin M 655, 656,
668, 670, 815
Highsmith, James A. .690, 696, 700, 817
Hill, Atherton B 332, 808
Hill, Charles D 177
Hill, Charles G 474
Hill, Charles U 266, 807
Hill, Christopher D 807
Hill, Daniel H..36, 105, ,603, 618, 713 -<
Hill, Edward J 113, 155, 795, 807
Hill, Fred J 828
Hill, Hampden 670, 694,815
Hill, Hubert b69, 670, 815, 816
Hill, J. H 172
Hill, John 415, 828
Hill, John S..395, 398, 438, 440,
462, 622, 623, 632, 647, 661, 688,
689, 792, 798, 808
Hill, Thomas J 546, 604
Hill, William E 414, 785, 787, 797
Hill, William H 136, 426
Hill, William L. .130, 174, 176, 565, 807
Hilliard, Lewis 51, 419, 420,787
Hilliard, Nancy Segur 38, 261
Hines, Edward 422
Hines, Frank 560
Hines, Frank G 197, 201, 233, 807
Hines, Julian C, Jr 649, 814, 816
Hines, Peter E 414, 797
Hines, Peter E., Mrs 797
Hines, Richard 415
Hines, Thomas M 815
Hinsdale, John W 819
Hinsdale, John W., Jr... 546, 704,
792, 811
848
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Historical Society of North Caro-
lina. .36, 105, 129, 234, 380, 447,
510, 512, 740
Hobbs, Louis L 682, 755, 815
Hobgood, Franklin P 792
Hocutt, Battle A 652, 815
Hodges, J. J. D 820
Hodgin, Angus J 818
Hodgin, Simeon A 809
Hoell, Charles P 811
Hoffler, Thomas P 785
Hoffman, J. F 759
Hoffman. Leonard R 815, 816
Hogan, J. A 828
Hogan, John 425
Hogan, John T 790
Hoge, Moses D 172
Hoge, Peyton H 567
Hogg, James 426
Hogue, Cyrus D 729, 730, 806
Hogue, Richard W 699, 722
Hoke, Clarence B 736, 80S
Hoke, John F. . 787
Hoke, Michael (1) 318, 320,322
Hoke, Michael (2).. 477, 498, 515,
751, 809
Hoke, Robert F. .137, 245, 246, 252, 477
Hoke, William A 692
Holden, J. W 36
Holden, William W..3, 4, 33, 34,
35, 36, 129, 558, 785
Holland. Hazel 813
Holland, Ralph H..444, 450, 453, 809
Holland, William J 621, 622, 624
Holleman, Snas A 267
Holliday, Thomas C 666
Hollowell, C. W 788
Hollowell, Frank W 811
Hollowell, James G 810
Llolman, James 795
Holmes, Andrew A 812
Holmes, A. B 682
Holmes, Howard B 564, 566. 811
Holmes, Joseph A... 238, 242, 274,
314, 336, 344, 475, 505, 512, 523,
526, 533, 541, 548, 591, 602, 618,
636, 637, 692, 742, 743, 769, 797
Holmes, J. S 398
Holmes, Owen 828
Holmes, Samuel A 416
Holmes, Theophilus H 820
Holt, A. C. B 819
Holt, E. J 793
Holt, Earle P.. 625, 695, 752, 755, 813
Holt, Edwin M 796
Holt, J. Allen 186
Holt, John 246
Page
Holt, H. E 287
Holt, James A 791
Holt, Laurence S., Jr 813
Holt, M. H 493, 790
Holt, Robert L 364
Holt, Robert 0 199, 807
Holt, Thomas M 228, 245, 252,
305, 321, 457, 462, 465, 518, 522,
523, 524, 525, 526, 786, 788, 793,
796, 822
Holt, William R 206
Holton, Archie B 36
Holton, Rolanda C 813
Honorary Degrees. .20, 85, 114, 133,
156, 175, 196, 238, 256, 266, 286,
363, 388, 397, 438, 452, 498, 502,
524, 634, 649, 656, 662, 670, 682,
692, 707, 726, 731, 780, 798
Honors — See Commencement.
Hooker, Frank B 818
Hooker, F. E 793
Hooper, Archibald M 353
Hooper, J. DeBerniere. .80, 88, 89,
92, 108, 112, 114, 172, 186, 275,
314, 322, 323. 345, 353, 354, 427,
441, 552, 579, 585, 639, 741, 787, 797
Hooper, James M 817
Hooper, William.. 95, 96, 105, 108,
129, 186, 206, 322, 323, 354, 430,
552, 579, 741, 822
Hooper, William, Mrs 345
Hoover, J. T. B 790
Hopkiss, Arthur F 519
Hord, Benjamin McC 720, 819
Horn, William 201
Home, Ashley 798
Home, Herman H..498, 500, 501,
502, 506, 507, 522, 523, 524, 528,
533, 626, 650, 734, 810
Horner, J. C 574, 647
Horner, James H..187, 322, 409,
432, 580, 789
Horner, James W 813
Horner, Junius 567
Horner, William D 721
Horney, William J 547, 810, 811
Horsfield, Margaret B 817
Hossfeld, Frederick W., Jr 726, 818
Hossfeld, William E 726, 818
Hotchkiss, Jed ..157, 158, 159, 187,
188, 198, 199
Houck, William A 656, 816
Hough. Frank 708, 726
House of Representatives —
See Legislature.
Howard, A. Branson 721, 819
Howard, Claud 692, 694, 816
Index.
849
Page
Howard, C. W 160
Howard, George 505, 789, 796, 828
Howard, George, Jr 332, 519, 808
Howard, Ira N 667, 810
Howard, Jasper V 643, 814
Howard, William S 792, 810
Howe, George.. 366, 626, 650, 671,
696, 710, 728, 736, 738, 743, 744, 801
Howe, Mrs • 723
Howe, J. L 799
Howell, Edward V..542, 610, 652,
743, 800
Howell, George P 398, 440
Howell, Harry 524, 810
Howell, John T 813
Howell, Logan D...385, 398, 400,
402, 438, 518, 526, 548, 808
Howell, Robert P...421, 701, 796, 798
Howerton, William H 41, 786
Howie, George 683
Howze, Benjamin 1 5, 785
Hoyle, Ambrose H 814
Hoyt, Wayland 395
Hubbard, Fordyce M..30, 31, 105,
411, 427, 778
Hudgins, Daniel E 646
Hudgins, Daniel H 791
Huff, Joseph B 635, 813
Huffman, Frederick L 815
Huffman, R. 0 737
Hufham, J. D 217, 221
Hughes, Harvey H..625, 656, 669,
670, 815, 816, 824
Hughes, Israel H 718,817
Hughes, N. Collin 286
Hughes, Norman 815
Hughes, Thomas H 796
Hume, Thomas.. 333, 335, 355, 386,
452, 453, 473, 506, 526, 541, 548,
575, 602, 606, 617, 618, 627, 637,
658, 668, 671, 677, 686, 707, 739,
741, 799, 826
Hume, Thomas, Jr 811, 812
Humphrey, Mary 0 268,287
Hunnicutt, Fabius J 818
Hunt, J. M. B 720
Hunt, William E 819
Hunter, Cyrus L 105
Hunter, Fred C 817
Hunter, Richard B 809
Hunter, Robert L 818
Hunter, William S 670, 815
Hurdle, Samuel W 816
Huske, Bartholomew F..618, 624,
625, 813
Huske, Benjamin R 415, 416
Huske, Joseph C....114, 225, 430, 517
54
Page
Hussey, John B 820
Hutchins, John R...95, 205, 245,
416, 796
Hutchison, Robert S 667, 812
Hutson, E. Woodard 80
Hyman, Edwin W 687
Hyman, John D 787
Hyman, Orren W 692, 708, 817, 818
Hymn.. 96, 97, 154, 191, 258, 265,
324, 465, 517
Illustrations ix
Improvements 595, 729
Ingle, Julian E., Jr 475, 497
Ingram, Dixon 5, 785
Intercollegiate Debates. . .569, 572,
596, 605, 606, 607, 628, 676, 710,
730, 746
Inter-Society Debates — See Society
Representatives.
Iredell. James 321, 426
Irion, Alfred B 418
Irwin, James 794
Irwin, James P 634, 813
Isler, John N 67, 793
Isler, Simmons H 420
Isley, Blake E 733, 818
Isley, R. W 735
Jackman, Wilbur S 547
Jackson, Andrew 326
Jackson, A. F 824
Jackson, Herbert W..312, 363, 364,
721, 792, 808
Jackson, John Q 669, 815
Jackson, Jonathan W 242, 254,
666, 798. 807
Jackson, Max 332, 808
Jackson, Samuel S..362, 364, 808, 828
Jackson, Thos. J. (Stonewall)... 666
Jacocks, William P.. 635, 751, 813, 814
James, Fairley P 818
James, Fernando G 134, 493, 791
James, Hinton 661
James, J. Burton 756, 757, 815
Jarman, Mary 817
Jarratt, Augustus H 812
Jarvis, Thomas J 100, 151, 196,
208, 216, 217, 233, 235, 246, 247,
252, 279, 282, 286, 315, 317, 324,
327, 328, 377, 537, 786, 788, 793
Jefferson, Thomas 326
Jeffress, Edwin B 652, 670, 815
Jeffreys, Edward L 820
Jeffreys, M. D 259
85o
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Jeffreys, Z. M. L 798
Jeffries, William L..725, 736, 737,
806, 817, 819
Jenkins, David A 4, 41, 785, 796
Jenkins, Jesse 794
Jenkins, Joseph J. Jr. 285, 362, 365,
721, 808
Jenkins, Robert P 566, 600, 812
Jenkins, R. Palemon 529, 810
Jenkins, William A 322, 670, 815
Jenkins, W. H 794
Jerkins, Alonzo T 822
Jerman, William B 816
Jernigan, Thomas R 794
Jerome, Thomas J 791
Jessup,- S. McD 793
Jewett, Richard 797
Jimerson, Jim 440
John, Maxcy L 396, 397, 808
John, Palemon 36
John, Roderick B 173, 195, 807
Johns, Thomas J 820
Johnson, A. Ferdinand 819
Johnson, A. H 827
Johnson, Bayard C 816
Johnson, Benjamin S 819
Johnson, B. T 796
Johnson, Charles 200, 319
Johnson, Charles (colored) 559
Johnson, Charles E., Jr 813
Johnson, Charles W 818
Johnson, Perdie B 810
Johnson, Francis M 419, 679
Johnson, George A 815
Johnson, Hyams T 42
Johnson, Jacob C...361, 386, 387, 808
Johnson, John M 820
Johnson, John W 811
Johnson, Julius 79
Johnson, Leslie N 729
Johnson, Luren T 575, 812
Johnson, Stuart L 787
Johnston, Andrew H 624, 625,
628, 631, 634, 813
Johnston, C 368
Johnston, Charles H. .546, 554, 555, 811
Johnston, C. W 794,796
Johnston, F. M 788
Johnston, F. P 263
Johnston, Gabriel 499,819
Johnston, George A 634, 635, 813
Johnston, Henry 390, 451, 518,
523, 809
Johnston, John 820
Johnston, John S 793, 795
Johnston. Jones 201, 794
Page
Johnston, Joseph E 115,118
Johnston, Joseph H 705, 708, 817
Johnston, Julius 130
Johnston, Leslie N 818
Johnston, Margaret A... 603, 618,
626, 650
Johnston, Robert A 791
Johnston, Robert B 417,418
Johnston, Robert D 419, 798, 828
Johnston, R. H 514
Johnston, Samuel. . .318, 319, 321,
322, 426
Johnston, S. X 828
Johnston. Thomas D 421,798
Johnston, William. .320, 407, 434,
789, 798, 822, 828
Johnston, William H..77, 415, 416,
787, 796
Jonas, Charles A 812
Jones, Adolphus G 409, 715
Jones, Alfred D. .130, 155, 313, 314,
389, 797
Jones, Alice E 811, 813
Jones, A. J 162
Jones, Ashby 604
Jones, Aurelius C 820
Jones, Benjamin W 816
Jones, Cadwallader 407, 827
Jones, Calvin C 3, 785
Jones, Carter H 597
Jones, Charles E. J 792
Jones, E. B 305, 306
Jones, Edmund 425, 523, 790, 819
Jones, Edmund W 5, 786, 787, 828
Jones, E. Pendleton 604
Jones, Ernest 817
Jones, Francis 344
Jones, George L 622, 625, 749, 813
Jones, Halcott 151
Jones, H. C 828
Jones, Hamilton C..419, 429, 459,
462, 574, 789, 798, 814
Jones, Hamilton M 814
Jones, Harry M 652, 813, 815
Jones, H. J 540
Jones, James A 498, 809
Jones, James C 820
Jones, Jesse (colored) 734
Jones, Johnston B 821
Jones, J. P 707
Jones, John T 421, 666, 679
Jones, John W 820
Jones, Joseph S 108
Jones, J. William 599, 604, 605, 620
Jones, K. A 475
Jones, Kenneth R 820
Index.
851
Page
Jones, Lawrence O'B 475
Jones, Milo J 678, 680, 816
Jones, Nathaniel 390
Jones, Ovid W 816
Jones, R. H 409
Jones, Thaddeus W., Jr 812
Jones, Virgil L 566, 811
Jones, Walter R ...655, 656, 814
Jones, Wesley 390
Jones, William H 817
Jones, W. W 827
Jordan, David S 745
Jordan, Stroud 656, 669, 814-816
Jordan, Thomas M 710
Jordan, William S 652, 815
Joyce, A. H 786
Joyner, James N 817
Joyner, James P 197
Joyner, John R 819
Joyner, James Y.235, 236, 444, 454,
523, 591, 594, 622, 627, 647, 682,
705, 711, 727, 734, 735, 793, 798,
807, 827
Joyner, Robert W 819, 820
Joyner, William T 700, 708, 817
Judd, Henderson D 819
Judd, Zeb V 622, 782, 813
Jurney, R. C 736, 737
Justice, J. M 604
Katzenstein, Charles J 815
Keel, Charles H 652, 656, 815
Keiger, James A 816
Kell, Benjamin B 364
Kelly, John M 820
Kelly, Laughlin McL 649, 814
Kelly, Neill R 820
Kenan, Graham 643, 813
Kenan, James G 318, 319, 421
Kenan, Thomas S..104, 328, 419,
428, 457, 462, 465, 519, 523, 531,
534, 543, 599, 622, 630, 632, 644,
646, 654, 666, 680, 688, 689, 701,
704, 719, 788, 793, 798, 823
Kenan, Thomas S., Mrs 531
Kenan, William R 422, 791, 798, 820
Kenan, William R., Jr... 514, 528, 809
Kendrick, John F 819
Kendrick, Mary P 566, 811
Kendrick, Thomas W 811
Kennedy, David S...242, 255, 666, 807
Kennedy, B. W 267
Kennedy, F. H 737
Kennedy, Hyder A 820
Kennedy, J. T 795
Kent, A. A 731
Page
Keogh, Thomas B 790
Ker, David 94, 259, 601, 661, 740
Ker, Mary 318, 741
Kerfoot, F. H 175
Kerley, Alonzo C 600, 667, 812
Kerner, R. B 798
Kerns, Thomas C 815
Kerr, David 105
Kerr, Edwin W 69, 794
Kerr, John. .50, 61, 65, 88, 105, 117,
129, 133, 145, 787, 821
Kerr, James S 648, M9
Kerr, Mrs. J. T 1&9
Kerr, Langdon C 690, 705,1517
Kerr, Washington C 18, 34, 76,
105, 112, 122, 137, 144, 159, 178,
199, 212, 213, 256, 261, 323, 344,
411, 415, 416, 743, 796, 821
Kibler, Ralph E 670, 815
Kibler, William H 639, 656, 814
Killebrew, Joseph B..156, 418, 557,
622, 647, 823
Kimball, Ashbel B 524, 810
Kimberly, John 2, 79, 81, 91, 92
King, Albert H 643, &14
King, H. E 794
King, J. 1 795
King, Porter 569
King, R. W 785
King, William R 321, 322, 579, 823
Kingsbury, Theodore B 397
Kirby, Edmund (colored) 560
Kirby, George H 526, 530, 810
Kirby, Tom (colored) 560
Kirkland, J. H 502, 599
Kirkpatrick, Cleveland F 669,
692, 816
Kirksey, W. A 737
Kitasawa, Shinjiro 818
Kitchin, Thurman D 677
Kitchin, William W. .704, 705, 723,
737, 786, 793, 827
Kitchin, Mrs. W. W 723
Kittrell, Robert G 566, 811
Kline, W. P 797
Kluttz, Adam A 368
Kluttz, Warren L„ Jr 811
Kluttz, Whitehead... 605, 687, 690,
705, 733, 792, 812
Kluttz, William C 810
Knapp, Martin A 681
Knight, Burke H. . 726, 817
Knox, Augustus W 610, 797
Koehler, Herman J 750, 752
Koiner, Junius S., Jr 726, 818
Kollock, Shepherd K 821
Koonce, Alexander H 463, 497, 809
852
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Koonce, John E 813
Kramer, Daniel R 700, 817
Kron, F. J 3
Kron, J. C 786
Kruger, Gustav 617
Labberton, J. M 736, 737
LaConte, Paul (colored) 559
Ladd, John J.. 143, 147, 157, 162, 186
Laflin, Byron 785
L^e, Henry S 313, 514
L|fc, Ransom R 597
Lanrb, John 792
Lamb, Samuel S 569, 811
Lambertson, Brownie A 814
Lambeth, Harvey A 756
Lambeth, W. M 696
Land, Edward M 811
Land Grant Fund... 9, 12, 16, 18,
53, 61, 62, 64, 65, 70, 122, 216,
308, 311, 374-376, 381, 383, 425,
578, 793
Landreth, Ira 719
Lane, Benjamin B., Jr. . .546, 605,
811, 812
Lane, H. P 827
Lane, William C 530, 810
Lane, William P 820
Lanier, James C, Jr 738, 818
Lanier, Marcus V 363
Lanning, J. H 794
Lasley, John W., Jr.. 687, 692, 725,
736, 805, 817, 818
Lassiter, Benjamin K 815
Lassiter, James H 798
Lassiter, Jesse C 818
Lassiter, Robert G 601, 603, 814
Lassiter, Robert W..5, 15, 16, 34,
36, 52, 53, 56, 61, 785
Lastrapes, Adolphe 820
Latham, Heber A... 283, 444, 703, 808
Latham, Julian A 820
Latham, Louis C 117, 787
Latham, Marcia L 589, 812
Latham, William 785
Latta, Albert W 813
Latta, G. G 827
Latta, James E..546, 564, 565, 566,
572, 589, 601, 603, 618, 635, 650,
671, 681, 683, 693, 742, 811, 812
Latta, Joseph W 793
Laurence, John W 820
Lawing, John W 419
Lawrence, A. W 796
Lawrence, Miss 187
Page
Laws, George 796
Lawson, Robert B..573, 663, 682,
747, 753, 754-757, 804, 806
Lea, N. A 828
Leach, James M 174, 237, 788
Leach, James M., Jr. .153, 172, 173,
180, 235, 237, 434, 807
Leak, J. A 828
Leak, Walter F 320
Leatherman, Minnie W ...711, 728
Leazar, Augustus 267, 287, 305,
789, 794
Ledbetter, P. B 814
Ledley, Charles 603, 619
Ledoux, Albert R..137, 139, 205,
238, 256, 334, 336, 379, 449, 727,
798, 821
Ledoux Fellowship in Chemistry. . 727
Lee, Guy C 810
Lee, Henry 798
Lee, Joseph R 817
Lee, P. A 621
Lee, Raymond 755
Lee, Richard H 819
Lee, Robert E..433, 439, 494, 543,
571, 666, 685, 779
Lee, Thomas B 497, 501, 809
Lee, T. G 462
Lee, T. M 445, 515
Legislature. .2, 12, 14, 18, 27, 40,
49-52, 60, 64, 65, 99, 100, 103,
125, 139, 142, 167, 216, 220, 304-
312, 317, 333, 351, 374-378, 381,
425, 467, 470, 478-481, 493, 494,
534, 561, 571, 633, 647, 658, 672,
690, 703, 722, 793-795
LeGrand, W. D 753
LeGwin, John B 634
Lehman, Robert T 5, 785
Leigh, John H. J 312
Leigh, J. R 827
Leinbach, Robert F 618, 634, 639
Leitch, John A., Jr 708, 817
Lemly, Fred H 615, 812
Lemly, William B 810
Lemmert, John R 628
Lenoir, Thomas B 190, 200
Lenoir. William 200, 318, 319, 325
Lenoir, W. W 788
Lente, Frederick D 322
Lentz, Jay D 667, 810
Leonard, George F 670, 815
Leonard, Samuel E 726,817
Letters.. 29, 47, 149, 191, 485, 517, 644
Levy, Mark J 775
Lewis, Anna H 682
Index.
853
Page
Lewis, A. M 225, 333, 788, 793
Lewis, Bruce H 816
Lewis, David W 519
Lewis, E. B 526, 548
Lewis, G. F 9, 14, 16
Lewis, Henry S 629, 648, 649, 814
Lewis, Henry W 396, 397, 808
Lewis, Ivey F..177, 600, 601, 615,
618, 812, 813
Lewis, John B 113, 134, 155
Lewis, Julius 796
Lewis, J. Volney 440, 449, 450,
460, 464, 721, 809
Lewis, J. Warner 415
Lewis, Kemp P 546, 811
Lewis, R. F 795
Lewis, Richard H. (Kinston) .199,
258, 267, 287, 416, 799
Lewis, Richard H. (Raleigh) . .145,
313, 314, 513, 518, 523, 601, 610,
621, 627, 644, 665, 688, 702, 703,
705, 731, 732, 742, 789, 793, 796,
797, 823
Lewis, Richard H., Jr 558, 783, 811
Lewis, Roger G 649, 814
Lewis, W. Gaston 418, 444, 796, 828
Library.. 25, 54, 62, 278, .^356, 357,
494, 503, 504, 557, 568, 590, 632,
639, 647, 654, 660, 664, 672, 797, 821
Lichtenthaeler, Robert A 601,
603, 625, 634, 635, 812, 814
Liles, William T 810
Lillington, John A 407
Lindley, J. Van. 628
Lindsay, Dudley 524, 810
Lindsay, Ernest M 819
Lindsay, Seaton G 812
Lindsay, Thomas S 820
Lineberger, Abel C 725, 818
Linn, Stahle 655, 656, 665, 815
Linscott, Henry F..548, 558, 567,
620, 626
Linscott, H. W 596
Little, Blanche E 533
Little, Frank M 285, 362, 364, 808
Little, George 267
Little, George R 502, 809
Little, Julius A 312
Little, Lacy L..400, 438, 440, 454, 808
Little, Roscoe 749
Little, Thomas R 469, 524, 810
Little, William M..387, 388, 391,
396, 397, 398, 808
Littleton, Henry W 653, 814
Llorens, Felix L 726, 818
Llorens, Francisco 726, 818
Page
Llorens, Tomas V 726, 818
Lloyd, Abbott E., Jr 816
Lloyd, Arthur S 733
Lloyd, Braxton B 817
Lloyd, James T 790
Lloyd, Orin C 817
Lloyd, Thomas F 790
Lockett, Everett A 811
Lockhart, James A., Jr 647, 811
Lockhart, John C 737, 818
Lockhart, Luther B 626, 634, 813
Logan, G. W 786
Logan, Simon R 655, 682, 683, 815
London, Henry A... 404, 422, 423,
444, 518, 632, 646, 654, 656, 721, 791
London, Henry A., Jr 796
London, Henry M..558, 566, 567,
688, 689, 811
Long, Augustus W..283, 285, 423, 808
Long, Benjamin F 792
Long, Daniel A. .215, 256, 363, 787, 821
Long, George W 663
Long, Isaac H 134
Long, J. A 794
Long, James M 819
Long, Jane F 199, 241, 258
Long, John A 667, 810
Long, John S 444, 452
Long, Lillie W 268
Long, Paul J 792
Long, T. A 5, 785
Long, Vernon W 386, 808
Long, W. J 828
Long, William L 678, 686, 692, 816
Long, William S 729, 789
Long & Norwood 796
Lord, Stephen F 819
Lord, William C 419
Loughlin, Charles C 656, 814
Love, Edgar 403, 690
Love, James Lee 182, 255, 267,
280, 284, 285, 287, 335, 336, 346,
357, 366, 389, 398, 688-690, 741, 808
Love, Mrs. James Lee 149, 248
Love, Walter B..651, 653, 654, 655,
721, 814
Love, William J 418
Lovejoy, Jefferson M 45, 785
Lovill, E. F 305, 794
Lucas, James S 720, 819
Lunsford, Jennie 728
Lusk, Virgil S 568, 790, 793
Lustrat, 1 603, 619
Luther, J. E 604
Lyman, Theodore B..141, 200, 382,
388, 424
854
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Lynes, J. C 80
Lynch, James D 519
Lynch, L. W 382
Lynch, William B 787
Lyon, Harrison P 820
Lyon, Henry W 817
Lyon, James T 36
Lyon, William P 36
Lyon, Z. 1 796
MacNider, George M 814
MacNider, William DeB..621, 639,
657, 663, 589, 742, 744, 801, 813
MacPherson, Robert G 677, 816
MacRae, Donald 314, 797
MacRae, Donald C 696, 817
MacRae, Duncan 816
MacRae, Duncan K 213
MacRae, James C. .66, 67, 425, 499,
562, 566, 596, 605, 620, 627, 751,
752, 793, 796
MacRae, James C, Jr 812
MacRae, John B 819
MacRae, J. A 605
MacRae, J. P 177
McAboy, L. R 787
McAden, James T 815
McAden, Joel J 818
McAden, John H 813
McAfee, Abner 820
McAfee, Leroy M 420
McAlister, Alexander C 419
McAlister, Alexander W..197, 199,
218, 237, 243, 255, 807
McAlister, John W 810
McAlister, William C 810
McArthur, Robert M 816
McBrayer, R 787
McBryde, John M 636
McBryde, John M., Jr... 636, 639, 693
McCain, Hugh W 656, 814
McCalop, James J 793
McCanless, Walter P 635, 690, 813
McCarthy, William T 790
McCauley, C. M. T...68, 517, 521, 794
McCauley, David 245, 796
McCauley, Matthew 68, 425, 521
McClelland, C. C 794
McCorkle, George 129, 134, 155, 807
McCorkle, J. M 828
McCorkle, Samuel E 259, 775
McCormick, James G 553, 572
TlcCormick, John G..546, 547, 555, 811
Page
McCortney, J. D 606
McCubbins, J. S 793
McCulloch, Edgar F., Jr 817
McCulloch, Leon 687, 692, 817
McCulloch, Rufus W 814,818
McDade, P. H 778
McDaniel, William C 820
McDermott, Joseph A 820
McDonald, A. R 5, 785
McDonald, William H 364, 386,
387, 448, 798, 808
McDowell, Charles 546
McDowell, Thomas D 53, 787, 828
McDowell, Thos. 1 50
McEachern, Daniel P 263, 272,
420, 788
McEachern, R. A 550
McFadyen, Archie H 498, 809
McPadyen, Henry R. .618, 622, 782, 813
McFayden, John M 811
McGeachy, Robert S 710
McGee, J. P 794
McGee, James W., Jr 709
McGehee, Lucius P.. 332, 386, 387,
388, 562, 635, 695, 708, 734, 798,
803, 808
McGehee, Montford..4, 50, 85, 118,
212, 635, 709, 785, 787, 828
McGilvary, David 196
McGlothin, H. L 731
McGoogan, John A 726, 817
McGowan, William T 656, 669,
815, 816
McGuire, Hunter 388
McGuire, James 386, 808
Mcllheny, T. C 517
Mcintosh, Atwell C 709, '744, 803
Mcintosh, Charles E. .694, 718, 726, 818
Mcintosh, Milton 566
Mclver, A. A 68, 793
Mclver, Alexander. .10, 25, 36, 41,
43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 80, 144, 145,
147, 157, 186, 199, 240, 417, 619,
827, 828
Mclver, Alexander, Jr 398, 451, 809
Mclver, Allen 188
Mclver, Berrie C 267, 287, 330,
332, 808
Mclver, Charles D..149, 172, 175,
236, 454, 461, 462, 463, 471, 472,
499, 522, 523, 591, 593, 594, 599,
622, 627, 630, 632, 634, 640, 647,
649, 654, 688, 789, 793, 798, 807, 822
Mclver Claude R 812
Mclver, Donald 545, 547, 667, 810
Mclver, Evander McN 677, 813, 816
Index.
855
Page
Mclver, George W 23
Mclver, James H. . .615, 667, 789, 812
Mclver, John 77, 117, 787
Mclver, John Alton 175, 807
Mclver, John F 386, 387, 389, 808
Mclver, Monroe A 818
Mclver, William D 255, 285
McKay, John A. .700, 708, 726, 733,
818, 819
McKay, Neill.,4, 20, 36, 41, 45, 50,
61, 73, 77, 85, 88, 90, 104, 111,
117, 128, 225, 785, 787
McKee, James 709, 796, 819
McKee, John S 756, 757
McKelway, St. Clair 672
McKenzie, William W 515
McKeown, Howard H 815
McKethan, Edwin R 462, 464, 809
McKethan, William R 820
McKie, George M...366, 506, 566,
589, 590, 602, 618, 626, 639, 650,
669, 671, 682, 711, 728, 738, 784,
804, 815, 825
McKinne, Prank B 501, 515
McKinnon, L. M 221
McKinnon, Luther 363
McKoy, A. A 46, 430, 828
McLain, James H 669, 816
McLain, Robert H 543, 649, 814
McLaughlin, James A 547
McLaurin, William H 720, 819
McLean, Angus W 792
McLean, Charles E 196
McLean, Daniel H 791
McLean, Ernest C 818
McLean, Prank.. 649, 658, 670, 814, 815
McLean, John D 818
McLean, Neil A 156, 792
McLean, Robert C 737, 819
McLean, William D 815
McLemore, George A 652, 815
McLendon, Lennox P 730, 737, 819
McLeod, K. A 355
McMillan, Benjamin P 189
McMillan, Hamilton C 789, 794
McMillan, Henry 820
McMullan, Harry 814
McMullan, Percy W 546, 554, 811
McMurray, Charles A 547
McNabb, John M 820
McNair, Evander 114
McNair, John C 415, 425, 660, 745
McNair Lectures 745
McNairy, William H 667, 810
McNamee, Charles 790, 791
McNeely, Robert N 707, 817
McNeill, C. A 172
Page
McNeill, D. B 794
McNeill, D. H 703
McNeill, J. C 647
McNeill, James P 189
McNeill, J 113
McNeill, Neill 793
McNeill, Robert S 696, 817
McNeill, Theodore 1 156
McNeill, Thomas A 46,790
McNeill, William H..267, 386, 734, 808
McNider, James S 651
McQueen, Hugh 828
McRae, D. G 828
McRae, Daniel K 810
McRae, D. M., Jr 798
McRae, M 794
McRae, Roderick 807
McRee, Robert C 820
Mabie, Hamilton W 606
Maclaine, Archibald 318, 319, 354
Macon, Nathaniel 616, 620
Maddry, Charles E..604, 624, 625,
667, 674, 733, 735, 813
Madison, Robert L 792
Makely, Metrah, Jr 615, 812
Mallett, Edward 415, 769
Mallett, Edward J. .206, 233, 236, 823
Mallett, Herbert H 412, 820
Mallett, John W 150, 819
Mallett, Richardson 820
Mallett, William P...59, 150, 185,
441, 796
Maner, Neverson C 820
Maness, John M 817
Mangum, Addison G 792
Mangum, Adolphus G 697
Mangum, Adolphus W. (1) . .45, 80,
81, 88, 92, 93, 95, 97, 145, 157,
158, 160, 187, 238, 264, 275, 289,
322, 323, 324, 333, 347, 355, 446,
461, 585, 639
Mangum, Adolphus W. (2) . . .515,
550, 810
Mangum, Charles S..446, 464, 515,
528, 540, 542, 548, 590, 609, 626,
657, 663, 721, 747, 800, 809
Mangum, Ernest P.. 331, 332, 364,
366, 367, 590, 603, 619, 703, 799, 808
Mangum, Willie P.. 133, 206, 319,
320, 321, 414, 430, 435, 579, 616, 822
Manly, Charles 5, 6, 17, 50, 546,
579, 822
Manly, John 408
Manly, Matthias E..105, 165, 320,
321, 404, 430, 517, 579, 787, 828
856
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Mann, Grover C. .700, 707, 708, 726, 818
Mann, Horace 435
Mann, James 523
Mann, Joseph S 816
Mann, Julian S 332, 703, 808
Mann, Lee T 791
Mann, Samuel S 793
Mann, Wade H 635, 813
Mann, W. H. L 648, 656, 814
Manning, Isaac H..312, 314, 540,
601, 602, 609, 650, 657, 731, 800
Manning, James S..153, 156, 174,
176, 182, 410, 444, 512, 523, 559,
565, 576, 599, 681, 688, 791, 807, 827
Manning, John.. 51, 59, 71, 72, 73,
74, 77, 88, 111, 117, 151, 170,
178, 209, 225, 233, 237, 238, 239,
242, 245, 259, 266, 278, 281, 314,
324, 337, 399, 404, 415, 435, 448,
468, 505, 519, 523, 526, 550, 560-
562, 571, 602, 672, 701, 757, 797,
787, 796, 798, 821, 823, 828
Manning, John A 828
Manning, John H 696, 816
Manning, John M...130, 156, 173,
174, 176, 410, 512, 565, 576, 688, 807
Manning, Pierce B..330, 333, 362,
364, 808
Manning, Sallie S 571
Manning, Thomas C. .156, 206, 264,
519, 823
Markham, Hugh P 196
Marr, F. F 567
Marriott, Williams M 626, 634, 813
Marrow, Henry B 818
Marsh, Numa F 814
Marsh, Robert H 419, 679
Marshall, Calvin Y 819
Marshall, James C 787
Marshal], Matthias M 422, 822
Marshall, Nettie 162, 187
Marshall, William 1 241
Martin, C. H 80
Martin, Charles F 819
Martin, Charles W 649
Martin, Clarence D 820
Martin, Edwin W 809
Martin, Herbert L 726, 818
Martin, Thomas 793
Martin, Thomas D 596, 660
Martin, William F 787
Martin, William J 2, 30, 411, 439
Martling, James A 11, 26,34
Mason, J. A 136
Mason, James B 20, 26, 41, 54, 245
Mason, James P 191, 502, 766, 821
Page
Mason, J. B 759
Mason, John R 820
Mason, John Y 206, 579, 823
Mason, Martha 502, 821
Mason, Mary Elizabeth. . .318, 345,
425, 502, 503, 766, 821
Mason, Thomas W..419, 427, 459,
462, 596, 604, 622, 789, 795, 827
Mason, Varina 502, 821
Massey, James B 811
Masten, Henry P 696, 816
Matheson, J. E 603, 619
Matthews, Josiah J 820, 827
Matthews, Leonard W 814
Matthews, Luther P 682, 815
Matthews, Martin L 621, 813
Mattocks, John E 602, 810
Maultsby, John A 3, 785
Mauney, Lycurgus E 194
Maverick, George M 314, 797
Maverick, William H 314, 797
May, Edward 596
May, Samuel 504, 542, 557, 596
Mayhew, Thomas W 234
Maynard, E. P 172
Maynard, Julian D 677, 816
Meade, W. H 684
Meade, William M 561
Meadows, Edward H 790
Means, James M 819
Means, Paul B..51, 52, 61, 66, 77,
104, 116, 207, 263, 272, 304, 306,
311, 327, 518, 599, 681, 787, 793,
795-797
Means, W. B 828
Meares, Iredell 798
Meares, James C 267
Meares, Oliver P 414, 430
Meares, Thomas D 519, 819, 828
Mebane, Alexander 136, 321, 426
Mebane, Curtis H 827
Mebane, Frank C...451, 464, 473,
474, 809
Mebane, George A .256, 285
Mebane, Giles 404, 828
Mebane, James 319, 468, 822
Mebane, William N..66, 422, 425,
787, 793, 820
Mechling, Harry E 550, 555
Medals and Prizes —
See Commencement.
Medical Examiners, State Board..
677, 709
Meeting of Board of Trustees —
See Board of Trustees.
Meeting of Faculty — See Faculty.
Index.
857
Page
Memorial Hall. . .315-329, 338, 428,
447, 493, 552, 582, 591, 596, 697
Memorial of Colleges 220
Memorial Services... .129, 130-132,
446, 468, 472, 494, 550, 561, 605,
573, 674, 730, 825
Mendelsohn, S 266
Mendenhall, Nereus 36, 65, 105,
425, 793
Menninger, H. J 4, 785
Meredith, Henry 688
Merrimon, Augustus S...145, 169,
194, 286, 788, 796
Merritt, A. Hay wood.. 23, 211, 272,
418, 461, 788
Merritt, Eli (colored) 560
Merritt, George H 815
Merritt, John H 652
Merritt, Robert A... 615, 667, 734, 812
Merritt, T. J 828
Merritt, W. D 750
Metts, James 1 819
Metz, Charles 819
Meyers, J. H 287
Mial, Leonidas L 807
Michaux, R. V 785
Michaux, William W 680, 816
Mickle, Andrew.. 53, 59, 62, 79, 83,
161, 262, 414, 796
Mickle, Andrew D 69, 138
Mickle, Joseph C 820
Milburn, F. P 552, 784
Millard, Junius 567
Millard, R. W. . . 787
Millender, Marion C 237, 256
Miller, Alexander C 811
Miller, Charles W...629, 643, 649, 814
Miller, Claude L. 546, 811
Miller, Henry C 820
Miller, Henry W 519
Miller, Hugh L 445, 451, 523, 809
Miller, James D 285, 808
Miller. James P 419, 798
Miller, Robert 0 813
Miller, T. D 795
Miller, Thomas G 814
Miller, William 823
Miller, Willis M 5, 23, 785
Miller, W. S 569
Mills, Columbus 137
Mills, J. C 794
Mills, James E..601, 603, 618, 619,
626, 636, 657, 663, 708, 742, 812
Mills, John H 45, 162
Mills, Julius C 820
Mills, Quincey S 649, 652, 664, 815
Page
Mills, W. H. H 820
Milne, William J 547
Mims, Edwin... 627, 693, 730, 731,
744, 803
Minakuchi, Yutaka 817
Mitchell, Anderson 3, 430, 785, 828
Mitchell, Benjamin S 790
Mitchell, Elisha..35, 36, 178, 317,
322, 323, 336, 361, 407, 414, 426,
427, 458, 472, 512, 579, 650, 741-
743, 823
Mitchell, Ellen 472
Mitchell, James B 820
Mitchell, J. C 652
Mitchell, Randolph 820
Mitchell, S. C 698
Mitchell, Julius C 820
Mitchell Society 510, 51i, 581,740
Mitchell, T. J 287
Mitchell, T. T 793
Mock, T. A 793
Moffatt, J. W 145
Moffitt, Mrs. E. E 798
Moffitt, E. L 676
Moize, E. Nevin 811
Monch, J. C 786
Monk, George M 550, 677, 816
Monographs — See Sprunt Histori-
cal Monographs.
Monroe, Edward D..267, 284, 287, 808
Monroe, James R 285, 332, 808
Montcastle, George W 792
Montgomery, Walter A 524, 525
Montgomery, William J 418
Montsinger, Vincent M 816
Moody, James M 790
Moore, Albert G 820
Moore, Alfred 136, 259, 518
Moore, Andrew J. (1) 819
Moore, Andrew J. (2) 814
Moore, Augustus 165, 430, 435
Moore, Augustus M 820
Moore, Bartholomew F..45, 46, 50,
52, 70, 73, 74, 77, 85, 88, 89, 105,
109, 117, 170, 173, 206, 277, 322,
325, 425, 519, 787, 793, 796, 797,
823, 828
Moore, Bartholomew P., Jr 314
Moore, Benjamin R 418
Moore, Fred 827
Moore, George B 820
Moore, J. A. (1) 77
Moore, J. A. (2) 530
Moore, James 797
Moore, J. Edwin 788
Moore, Jerome R 814
858
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Moore, John Alexander 816
Moore, John Allen 810
Moore, John Augustus 811
Moore, John W .-. 698
Moore, Joseph N 642, 814
Moore, Larry 1 792
Moore, Leonidas J., Jr 792
Moore, Matthew J 819
Moore, Matthew R 206, 828
Moore, Thomas L 438, 440, 808
Moore, Van B 314, 797
Moore, Walter W 461
Moore, William A 20, 34, 36, 416
Moore, William H 780
Moore, William P 696, 818
Mordecai, S. F 62, 744
Morehead, Eugene L. .314, 322, 412,
796, 797
Morehead, James L 813, 816
Morehead, James T..68, 228, 419,
788, 794, 798
Morehead, John L...417, 796, 798, 822
Morehead, John Motley (1) . .206,
320, 321, 434, 435, 519, 579, 822, 828
Morehead, John Motley (2).. 363,
364, 793, 808, 827
Morehead, John Motley (3)... 463,
464, 809
Morehead, J. Turner. .421, 433, 434,
680, 796, 828
Morgan, Alfred R 817
Morgan, Lawrence N 692, 726,
737, 818
Morgan, Lemuel 779
Morgan, Mark 425, 503
Morgan, Samuel 779
Moring, John M 66, 797, 820
Morrill, Arthur B 626
Morrill, Justin S 381
Morris, James W., Jr 818
Morris, Joseph A 386, 387, 388,
389, 808
Morris, P. H 790
Morrison, Allen T 815
Morrison, P. W 725, 737
Morrison, James 323
Morrison, J . G 210
Morrison, M. G 670
Morrison, Robert H 206, 210
Morrison. Theodore D 635, 813
Morrow, Daniel F 820
Morrow, R. Alexander 820
Morrow, Rufus C bl5, 625, 813
Morrow, Thomas A 819
Morse, Bryant P 820
Mosely, A. G 793
Page
Mosely, William D 37, 319, 321
Moser, Arthur L 625, 813
Moser, Ira C 717, 718, 818
Moser, William D 817
Moses, -Edward P...257, 267, 547,
590, 603, 619
Moses, Hubert H 625
Moses, Susan W 600
Moss, Eugene G 615, 812
Moss, W. T. D ...628, 698
Mott, J. J 785
Moye, Elbert A 498, 809
Mullen, James M 789, 795
Mullen, Lester B 816
Mullican, Naaman S 717, 818
Mullin, F. N 793
Murchison, David R 818
Murchison, LA 795
Murchison, Kenneth 660
Murdoch, Francis J 500
Murphey, Archibald D...108, 206,
319, 321, 322, 429, 433, 435, 579,
591, 594, 822
Murphy, Edgar G 627
Murphy, Hansen M 385
Murphy, James B 814
Murphy, James D..194, 235, 236,
461, 518, 568, 789, 807, 827
Murphy, John G 812
Murphy, Patrick L 789, 797
Murphy, Walter. .667, 735, 747, 748, 791
Murphy, William A 600, 812
Murrill, Mrs. Charlotte D 268
Muse, Basil G 815
Musical and Dramatic Programs,
824, 825
Myers, E. A 475
Myers, Edward W 500, 524, 810
Myers, William S 543,810
Nash, Frederick 168, 321, 820
Nash, Thomas P., Jr. .687, 692, 817, 818
Neal, John W 807
Neal, Richard S 332, 808
Nelson, Edward J 812
Neville, Ernest L 811
Neville, Samuel G 688
Newby, George E 547, 555, 558
Newby, Oscar 810
Newcomb, Simon 257
Newell, Eugene J... 683, 692, 816, 817
Newell, J. F 562
Newell, Leone B 615, 626, 642,
657, 663, 814
Newell, M. A 257
Index.
859
Page
Newland, A. F 533
Newlin, Oliver S 811
Newman, Daniel 827
Newman, John U...256, 267, 332, 808
Newman, Nathaniel G 812
Newspaper Comment. . .28, 29, 31,
34, 97, 99, 102, 114, 118, 163,
165, 176, 182, 186, 188, 253, 384,
442, 475, 478, 479
Newton, C. C 287
Newton, David Z 815
Newton, J. Sprunt 690, 813
Nichols, Austin F...649, 677, 814, 816
Nichols, William J 810
Nicholson, A. O. P 430
Nicholson, D. B 211
Nicholson, David F 810
Nicholson, Edward A. T 820
Nicholson, James A 820
Nicholson, James M 154, 155, 807
Nicholson, Samuel T 656, 814
Nicholson, William . 785
Nixon, Alfred 236, 461, 807
Nixon, Edward J 547
Nixon, Henry B 155
Nixon, Joseph R 699, 708, 817
Nixon, Kemp B 461, 649, 814
Noble, Albert M., Jr 814
Noble, M.'C. S..155, 158, 173, 187,
258, 314, 444, 505, 526, 533, 534,
541, 547, 558, 570, 590, 591, 595,
597, 602, 618, 626, 636, 639, 650,
664, 674, 729, 797, 800
Noble, Robert P. 663, 695, 814, 815
Noble, Stuart G 668, 815
Noland, Madison 785
Norfleet, Francis S 819
Norfleet, James M 798
Norfleet, John 785, 796
Normal Department. . .14, 21, 142,
157, 186, 198, 240, 257, 263, 267,
2^341, 342, 374, 380, 610
Normal Scfibm — See Summer
Normal.
Norman, Clarence E 818
Norment, R. M 66, 793
Norris, Walter L 808
North, Harry M 446
Norton, E. L 590
Norwood, John W.46, 165, 404, 434, 821
Norwood, Thomas L 820
Nunn, Ilai 770
Nunn, Roscoe 463
Oaksmith, Appleton 793
Page
Gates, Jack C 818
Oates, William M 816
O'Berry, Thomas 656, 815
October 12th — See University Day.
Odum, Helen L 615
Oldham, George W 813
Oldham, Henderson (colored) .766, 772
Oldham, Jesse M 755, 809, 810
Oldham, Wade H 814
Old Poplar — See Davie Poplar.
Olds, Fred A 23
Olds, Lewis P 7. 18
Oliver, David D 678, 692, 816
Oliver, James F 718, 818
Oliver, Joseph B 720, 819
Oliver, Thomas C 812
Olmsted, Denison 426, 579, 742, 743
Opening of University 95
Orations of Graduates-
See Commencement.
Orr, James L 737, 818
Orr, Manlius 815
Osborne, Francis M..567, 574, 590,
603, 619, 688, 811, 812
Osborne, Henry P 678, 816
Osborne, James W 321, 430, 828
Osborne, Thomas S 285, 807
Osborne, William E 634, 635, 813
Otey, James H 430, 579, 767
Otts, J. M. P 5S7
Outlaw, David 165, 823, 827, 828
Overman, Lee S. .304, 305, 544, 622,
665, 789, 795
Overman, W. P 36
Owen, John 319-321, 822, 828
Owen, S. H 144, 145, 147, 157
Owen, William B., Jr 813
Owen, W. H , . . 427
Owens, Emma 728, 738
Owens, Napoleon B 820
Packard, Alton 620
Paddison, George L 649, 814
Page, Benjamin F...601, 603, 615, 812
Page, E. R 788
Page, M. W 793
Page, Walter H. .157, 187, 279, 465, 782
Palmer, Charles R 816
Palmer, Gus 818
Palmer, John B 655, 656, 815
Palmer, Malvern H..364, 391, 396,
397, 525, 808
Parish, C. E... 794
Parish, Henry L., Jr 737, 818, 819
Parish, William J 816
86o
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Parker, David P. .546, 565, 575, 811, 812
Parker, Frank M., Jr 389
Parker, Haywood 38t>-388, 793,
798, 808
Parker, James. .421, 518, 523, 789, 795
Parker, James D 544, 553, 554, 811
Parker, James H 796
Parker, John A.. 648, 653, 654, 793, 814
Parker, John D. (1) 820
Parker, John D. (2) 546
Parker, J. H 493
Parker, John J.. 649, 652, 656, 663,
667-670, 683, 734, 815, 816
Parker, Joseph A 816
Parker, Junius R 385, 701
Parker, Lester L 614, 615, 813
Parker, Luther W..656, 669, 815,
816, 824
Parker, Samuel G 818
Parker, William F 518, 820
Parrish, H. L., Jr 726
Parrott, I. F 793
Parsley, William M 818
Parsons, John H 820
Paschall, M. J 462
Pate, George M 555
Patrick, David S. .10, 20, 23, 24, 44,
345, 741
Patrick, George L..363, 364, 367, 808
Patrick, W. H 795
Patterson, Alvis 814
Patterson, Andrew H 460, 462,
463, 464, 681, 711, 721, 730, 741,
742, 802, 809
Patterson, Armistead H 819
Patterson, Earl V 759, 818, 819
Patterson, Edmund V 811
Patterson, Edward D 688
Patterson, Eva A 566
Patterson, Frank F 283,721
Patterson, George. . .133, 151, 155, 233
Patterson, Gilbert B. .330, 364, 368,
791, 808, 827
Patterson, H. H 346, 741
Patterson, J. Lindsay. .. .551, 601,
647, 681, 798
Patterson, James S 696, 817
Patterson, John L...515, 524, 790, 810
Patterson, Joseph F 625
Patterson, Louis M 175, 190, 200
Patterson, Rufus L..50, 61, 65, 68,
74, 75, 77, 116, 200, 320, 787,
796, 828
Patterson, S. L 518, 796
Patterson, William T 132, 262,
268, 287, 567, 694
Page
Patterson, W. W 628
Patton, E. L 80
Patton, Francis L 745
Patton, Mont 793
Payne, Robert L. .93, 113, 114, 117,
470, 576, 652, 690
Peabody, George 436
Pearsall, Matt J 450
Pearsall, Oscar 798
Pearson, John H., Jr 635, 813
Pearson, Joseph E 625, 813
Pearson, Richmond 305, 473, 795
Pearson, Richmond M..7, 15, 32,
46, 105, 206, 321, 430, 473, 786, 822
Pearson, Thomas G..558, 565, 603,
619, 811
Pearson, William S 792
Peckham, William G 261, 659
Peebles, Calvert G 809
Peebles, Robert B. .46, 77, 117, 244,
314, 518, 527, 787, 796, 797, 819, 827
Peebles, W. W 53, 61, 68, 794
Peele, William J 113, 174, 176,
410, 426, 447, 455, 559, 565, 576,
577, 583-587, 688, 782, 789, 807"
Pegram, George W 794
Pegram, W. H 187
Pell, Robert P.. 160, 173, 182, 190,
196, 199, 235, 236, 239, 241, 257,
634, 649, 807
Pelton, Mabell S. C 814
Pemberton, John deJ 656, 815
Pemberton, William D 807
Perret, Walter K 648, 814
Perry, Benjamin L 820
Perry, Bennett H 670, 815
Perry, Hugh H 820
Perry, James C 267
Perry, John M 419
Perry, Joshua 795
Perry, Rex W 814
Perry, William M 639, 813
Person, John H 820
Person, Samuel J 430, 822
Person, Thomas 425
Pescud, Mary T 241
Petree. P. A 725
Petteway, H. C 735
Petteway, W. R 735
Pettigrew, Charles 319, 323
Pettigrew, Ebenezer 322
Pettigrew, J. Johnston. . .206, 320,
327, 394, 413, 429, 435, 579, 689,
740, 823, 828
Pettigrew, W. S 828
Petty, George E 809
Index.
861
Page
Pfohl, Lewis L 811
Pharmacy, College of — See Depart-
ment of Pharmacy.
Pharr, Welborn E 630, 813
Pharr, Walter W 408
Phelps, William L 700
Phifer, L. A 747
Philanthropic Society.. 54, 62, 98,
135, 153, 173, 194, 234, 269, 277,
283, 356, 357, 364, 385, 392, 394,
395, 398, 402, 434, 435, 447, 450,
462, 463, 473, 475, 497, 501-503,
506, 510, 516, 544, 554, 565, 569,
575, 584, 598, 599, 605, 606, 614,
622, 624, 629, 630, 643, 647, 648,
654, 665, 667, 678, 680, 690, 700,
705, 721, 723, 735, 799, 822, 823
Philbeck, Joseph B 451, 809
Philips, Fred.. 420, 449, 599, 622,
632, €46, 789, 793, 796, 798, 823
Philips, Henry H 656, 814
Philips, James J. (1) 820
Philips, James J. (2) 451, 809
Philips, Walter E 797, 807
Philips, W. E 177
Phillips, Alexander L 175, 189,
195, 198, 201, 287, 399, 516, 525, 807
Phillips, Charles. .80, 86, 88, 91, 92,
93, 95, 96, 105, 109, 110, 111,
128, 136, 157, 184, 185, 186, 197,
322, 323, 324, 334, 345, 399, 411,
427, 447, 516, 579, 580, 584, 640,
713, 741, 742, 778, 822
Phillips, Drury McN 816, 824
Phillips, E. T 703
Phillips, James.. 30, 31, 36, 80, 317,
322, 323, 336, 399, 411, 413, 417,
426, 427, 504, 516, 579, 674, 742,
778, 779, 797, 822
Phillips, James D 818
Phillips, John L 200
Phillips, J. L , 737
Phillips, J. Y 305
Phillips, Samuel F..2, 26, 42, 46,
84, 127, 158, 160, 165, 173, 175,
178, 320, 322, 399, 505, 519, 580,
796, 828
Phillips, William B..113, 114, 133,
134, 138, 178, 187, 188, 199, 200,
241, 258, 334, 335, 336, 337, 390,
399, 512, 742, 797, 799, 807
Philological Club 510, 581, 739
Pickard, W. W 261
Pickett, J. F 175
Picot, Louis J 629, 791
Pierce, George F 36
Page
Pierce, Henry F 811
Pierce, Thomas B 791
Pierson, J. S 504, 797
Pinnix, Frank 525
Pinnix, Marshall H..420, 518, 787, 793
Pippen, W. M 796
Pitt, Mark B 819
Pittenger, I. McK 502
Pitt, Mark B 720
Pittman, C. W. E 725, 818
Pittman, W. H. M 759, 815
Pitts, John H 36
Planting Class Tree — See Tree
Planting.
Plaggemeyer, H. W 606
Pleasants, James 326
Plummer, E. H 203
Plummer, John F 704
Plummer, Kemp 168
Plummer, Nixon S 817
Plyler, Marion T 651, 814
Poe, Clarence H 700
Poems.. 28, 132, 146, 280, 359, 370,
392, 402, 406, 495-497, 520, 521,
531, 641, 676, 774-777
Pogue, Joseph E., Jr. .643, 656, 670,
814, 815
Polk, H. M 519
Polk, James H 819
Polk, James K. .206, 320; 321, 322,
435, 518, 579, 822
Polk, Leonidas. 327, 428, 430, 579
Polk, Leonidas L...137, 159, 160,
221, 374, 375, 376
Polk, Rufus J 819
Polk, William 325, 426, 635, 708
Polk, William M 828
Pollock, Mrs. Louise 199
Pollock, Susie 199
Pollock, William D 329, 808
Pool, C. C 785, 828
Pool, Eliza 505
Pool, George D 819
Pool, John... 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 26, 327,
505, 785, 828
Pool, S. D 51, 105
Pool, Samuel P 820
Pool, Solomon.. 5, 9, 12, 24, 25, 26,
32, 34, 36, 40, 52, 54, 394, 619, 785
Pool, Walter F 23, 36
Poole, Theo. W 795
Pope, Henry L 816
Porro, Miguel A 817
Porter, James M 670, 815
Portraits in Library and Society
Halls 821-823
862
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Post, W. N. .: 737
Poteat, William L 627, 656, 676
Potter, Ebs 448
Potter, Mrs. F. W 568
Potter, Irvin L 669
Pou, Edward W 785, 827
Pou, Edward W., Jr 283, 613
Pou, James H 305, 493
Powell, Benjamin T 820
Powell, Joseph C...114, 133, 134,
797, 807
Powell, R. J 79B
Pratt, Joseph H 366, 635, 698,
742-744, 801
Preface v, vi
Preparation of Students 611
President of University, Election
of—
Alderman, Edwin A 532
Battle, Kemp P 114-120
Pool, Solomon 9
Venable, Francis P 571
Winston, George T 465-468
President's Report... 25, 161, 219,
231, 263, 379, 526, 556, 570, 594,
607-613, 646, 657, 662, 672, 693, 743
Presson, Samuel 793
Preston, William 115
Price, A. H 827
Price, Charles 657, 788, 792, 798
Price, Harry H 819
Price, J. H 515
Price, Nymphas E 820
Price, Thomas M 818
Prior, Warren S 812
Pritchard, Birdie 812
Pritchard, Jeter C 678, 792, 795
Pritchard, Maude 818
Pritchard, Thomas H..23, 36, 45,
112, 113, 159, 160, 162, 200, 221,
334, 501, 789
Pritchett, Virgil C 817
Prizes and Medals — See Com-
mencement.
Prout, Edmund G 423
Prout, William C 423
Pruden, William D 789, 791
Pugh, James T..498, 502, 518, 526,
809, 810
Pugh, Jesse 736
Purcell, Archibald 787
Purefoy, George W 23, 36
Purnell, Mungo T 819
Quarles, William L 422
Quarter-Centennial 576-589
Page
Quickel, Augustus L 523, 810
Quincy, Cary P 818
Radcliffe, Thomas. . .254, 256, 266,
267, 807
Ragan, Robert R 516
Raines, Julia 650
Ramsaur, Thomas M 725, 736, 806
Ramsaur, William H 699, 700, 817
Ramsay, John A 790
Ramsey, George A 820
Ramsey, Joseph B 630, 813
Ramsey, Nathan A 414, 790
Ramsey, V. G 518-
Rand, James H 737, 818
Rand, Oscar R 417, 677
Rand, Oscar R., Jr.. 667, 670, 677,
683, 815
Randall, William G..280, 284, 382, 807
Randolph, Alfred M 621
Randolph, Edgar E 635, 813-815
Randolph, Eldred 0 815
Rankin, Charles A 450, 453, 809
Rankin, E. R 736
Rankin, Frank B...598, 792, 812, 824
Rankin, H. L 749
Rankin, John T 819
Rankin, Samuel W 815
Rankin, Watson S : . 711
Rankin, William C 618, 635, 813
Rankin, William W., Jr.. 736, 818, 819
Ransom, George 462-464, 809
Ransom, H. H 364
Ransom, Joseph E 156
Ransom, Matthew W..23, 115, 118,
206, 233, 238, 327, 394, 403, 413,
435, 505, 517, 519, 580, 796, 828
Ransom, Robert 175, 195, 197, 807
Ransom, T. R 256
Raper, Charles L 506, 590, 601,
602, 606, 620, 626, 639, 695, 707,
713, 744, 801
Ravenel, Henry W 363
Ray, Donald F 816
Ray, Edward 813
Ray, Hubert R 818, 819
Ray, Lavender R 720, 819
Rayhill, J. H 257
Reade, Edwin G..5, 13, 15, 34, 41,
46, 105, 109, 785
Reade, John 786
Reagan, Onslow 721
Reaves, Samuel W 811
Redd, Alexander F..80, 81, 92, 93,
95, 96, 127, 136, 137, 157, 166,
178, 188, 191, 796
Index.
863
Page
Redford, Minnie 526, 533,549
Redwine, Robert B..449, 671, 792,
798, 809
Reece, James T 818
Reece, Joseph 1 707, 817
Reece, Joshua M 255
Reece, W 368
Reed, Charles H 816
Reed, James 26
Reeves, Jeremiah B 816
Reeves, John M 696, 700, 817
Reeves, T. R 605
Regan, Onslow 819
Reid, D. S 36
Reid, Frank A. L 667, 812
Reid, Frank L 154, 221, 452
Reid, James 26, 41
Reid, James W 329, 795
Reid, J. Solrmon 793
Reid, Lewis H 452
Reid, Numa F 500
Reid, Reuben D 172, 792
Reilly, John 41, 42
Rencher, Abram 822, 827
Reorganization 6-8, 20, 26, 43,
71, 490
Report of Faculty — See Faculty.
Report of President —
See President's Report.
Representatives, Society —
See Society Representatives.
Resignation of President. .459, 532, 571
Resolutions. .85, 108, 112, 129, 169,
189, 327, 348, 457, 459, 532, 561,
572, 674, 681, 732, 739, 778
Respass, J. T 794
Respass, Richard W 820
Reunion, Class of... 1824, '27, '31,
404; '36, '40, 407; '41, 408; '42,
408, 472; '43, '44, 409; '45, '46,
410; '47, 413; '48, '49, 414; '50,
415; '51, '52, '53, 416; '54, 177,
417; '55, '56, 418; '57, 419, 666;
'58, 419, 679; '59, 420, 679; '60,
420, 679, 701; '61, 421, 679, 720;
'62, 421, 720, 734; '63, 421, 720;
'64, 422, 720; '65, 422, 721; '66,
'67, 721; '68, 411, 721; '70, 701;
'79, 410, 564, 688; '81, 461, 654;
'82, 473, 666; '84, 688; '85, 703;
'86, 721; '87, 734; '89, 462, 688;
'91, 654, 721; '92, 734; '96, 654;
'97, 667; '98, 680; '99, 688;
1900, 704; '01, 654, 721; '02,
667, 734; '03, 680; '04, 688; '06,
721; '07, 734
Page
Reunion of War Classes —
See War Classes.
Revival of University, Subscrip-
tions to 52, 74-77, 795
Reynolds, Charles A 534,544
Reynolds, Henry C 704, 81i.
Reynolds, R. R 827
Reynolds, W. A 558, 569
Rhodes, Cader 818
Rhodes, Eugene C 820
Rhodes, George W 726, 818
Rhodes, J. T 828
Rhodes, Thomas F 813
Rhodes, W. H 734
Rhodes, William J 820
Rhyne, Orestes P 692, 815, 816
Rice, Henry W 285, 364, 368
Rice, John 405
Rice, Theron H 687
Rice, Thomas D 589, 811
Rice, Wilbur C 663, 815
Rice, William H 808
Richardson, Clement L 819
Richardson, Edward E 196
Richardson, Edward L 820
Richardson, Luther W 817
Richardson, Samuel N 820
Richardson, William 720,819
Richmond, Caleb H 819
Richmond, James L 820
Richmond, John M 518
Riddick, Wallace C..332, 703, 793, 808
Riddick, William C 789
Riddle, Charles L 266, 368, 807
Ridley, Blomfield L 165
Riggs, E. H 795
Riggs, S. C 462
Riggs, William T 820
Riggsbee, Arthur E 817
Riggsbee, Stanley M 819
Rights, D. L 737
Riley, Franklin L 626, 650
Robards, William J 820
Robbins, Alfred H 810
Robbins, F. C 828
Robbins, Gaston A.. 174, 176, 565, 807
Robbins, William M 253
Roberson, Charles. . .515, 526, 540, 809
Roberson, Charles A 818
Roberson, Hoyt 726, 818
Roberson, Westcott 661, 810
Roberson, William S 398, 438,
440, 808
Roberts, G. R 736
Roberts, Guy V 599, 615, 667, 812
Roberts, James C...284, 285, 688,
797, 808
864
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Roberts, John J 156
Roberts, John W., Jr 812
Robertson, H. E 795
Robertson, Henry J 820
Robertson, Judge B 648, 649, 814
Robertson, T. M 493
Robertson, William R 514, 754, 757
Robins, Henry M...599, 613, 615,
667, 812
Robins, Marmaduke S 670, 787, 815
Robins, Sidney S...605, 615, 630,
634, 813
Robinson, Charles 0 817
Robinson, James L 208, 279, 788
Robinson, John 5, 208, 785
Robinson, John M. (1) 252
Robinson, John M. (2).. 652, 656, 815
Robinson, J. W. S 795
Robinson, Russell M 696, 816
Robinson, T. J 414
Robinson, W S. O'B., Jr. .652, 654,
664, 815
Rockwell, E 256
Rockwell, E. F 36
Rodman, William B. (1)..5, 7, 8,
15, 23, 34, 35, 46, 430, 580, 785, 828
Rodman, William B. (2) 444, 792
Rodman, William B. (3) 817
Rodriguez, Adolfo B 817
Rodriguez, Eduardo F 726,818
Rodriguez, Marcus S 817
Roe, Rev. Dr 165
Roebling, James A 791
Rogers, Frank 0 569, 751
Rogers, George 0 816
Rogers, J. F 256
Rogers, Mary 0 557
Rogers, Paul H 814
Rogers, Robert M 819
Rogers, Sion H 67
Rogers, William T 820
Rogers, William W..725, 737, 738.
806, 818
Rollins, Edward F 810
Rollins, Thomas S 501, 791, 809
Rollins, Wallace E 462, 473, 809
Rollins, Wallace W 790
Rondthaler, Edward 196, 200, 528
Rondthaler, Howard E..477, 495,
497, 567, 624, 713, 715, 809
Root, Aldert S 812
Rose, Charles G 575, 589, 704, 811
Rose, George M 792
Rose, Ira W 814
Rose, Lewis L 547, 811
Rose, Thomas D 817
Page
Rose, Zeno H 816
Ross, Charles G ..607, 622
Ross, Charles L 816
Ross, John K 625, 813
Ross, Lloyd McC 815
Ross, Otho B 634, 649, 814
Rothrock, Samuel 397
Roulhac, J. B. G 828
Roulhac, L 795
Rountree, F. M 795
Rountree, George 791
Rountree, Louis G 814
Rouse, Noah J. . .197, 235, 236, 790, 807
Rouse, Thomas R 284, 808
Routh. Andrew S 819
Royal, Benjamin F 653, 656, 814
Royall, William B 80, 200, 439, 677
Royster. Hubert A.. 606, 610, 621,
663, 677, 709, 716, 742
Royster, James F...668, 706, 744, 803
Royster, Percy H. . .649, 656, 669,
670, 815, 816
Royster, Thomas S 738, 818
Royster, Wilbur H 670, 736, 815
Royster, Wisconsin 1 610
Rudisill, Jacob A 814
Rudisill, Laurence E 633, 651, 813
Rudisill, William A 818
Ruffin, Colin B 816
Ruffin, Edmund 236, 256, 267, 807
Ruffin, Ernest C 815
Ruffin, H. J. G 828
Ruffin, James H 798, 807
Ruffin, Thomas (1)..238, 320, 321,
322, 572, 579, 822
Ruffin, Thomas (2).. 151, 238, 321,
430, 626, 635
Ruffin, Thomas (3).. 475, 562, 589,
626, 635, 708, 709
Rumbough, Henry T 807
Rumple, Jethro 256
Russell, Charles P. .625, 630, 634,
635, 813
Russell, Daniel L. .5, 534, 537, 544,
555, 785, 786, 788, 790, 793, 820, 827
Russell, Edwin H 820
Russell, Mrs. Lucy P 399
Russell, Robert G 819
Ryan, S. Garland 820
Sadler, Thomas 751
Sallenger, Edward D 599, 600,
615, 667, 812
Sams, Edward E 546, 558, 811
Sandford, E. Douglas 819
Index.
865
Page
Sanford, Thomas F 810
Sapp, Oscar L 451, 809
Satchwell, S. S 23, 36, 45, 187
Saunders, Joseph H 320, 323, 426
Saunders, Richard B 177
Saunders, Romulus M...320, 322,
430, 434
Saunders, Sheldon A 806
Saunders, William L..46, 51, 57,
61, 70, 73, 77, 85, 88, 98, 103,
104, 107, 116, 124, 125, 128, 170,
205, 216, 217, 268, 279, 314, 317,
323, 360, 378, 417, 439, 455, 461,
462, 472, 580, 584, 586, 787, 793,
797, 823
Savage, Thomas P 820
Sawyer, Ernest L 634, 635, 813
Sawyer, James 809
Sawyer, John H 576
Sayford, S. M 567
Scales, Alfred M. (1) 304, 320, 321,
324, 326, 352, 353, 375, 378, 394,
439, 468, 580, 786, 793, 798, 822, 828
Scales, Alfred M. (2) 633, 716, 791
Scales, Joseph H 720, 819
Scarborough, J. B 736, 737
Scarborough, John C 142, 158,
160, 186, 187, 200, 240, 257, 461,
491, 789, 793
Schenck, David 196, 798
Schenck, John F 362, 363, 364,
365, 721, 798, 808
Schmidt-Wartenburg, Hans 390
Scholarships . . 689
Schonwald, J. D 656
Schreiber, E. 0 6v6
Schulken, James B 791
Schweinitz, Lewis von 322
Scofield, Everett J. S 677, 816
Scott, H. E 794
Scott, H. R 210
Scott, J. E 797
Scott, J. L 795
Scott, R. H 605
Scott, Robert W 789
Scott, William L 502, 810
Scull, St. Leon 331, 332, 703, 808
Seagle, Perry E. .643, 653, 655, 656, 814
Sears, Barnas 142, 143, 149, 161
Seawell, A. A. P 438, 440, 808
Seawell, H. P 827
Secrest, Andrew M 815
Self, William A 359, 362, 365, 808
Senate — See Legislature.
Serviss, Garrett P 620
Sessoms, Isaac 201
Page
Sessoms, Preston H 819
Settle, Thomas 4, 5, 6, 34, 103,
104, 415, 430, 580, 786, 828
Sevier, Ambrose H 820
Seymour, Augustus S 502
Seymour, Fletcher T 820
Shaffner, Henry F 364, 386-388, 808
Shaffner, John F., Jr. .500, 530, 798, 810
Shaffner, William F 445, 450, 809
Shakespeare Society. .452, 510, 581, 739
Shamaskin, Arnold 692
Shannon, Beverly 0 670, 815
Shannonhouse, Royal G 810
Sharp, Thomas A 529, 530
Sharpe, Benjamin C 177, 807
Sharpe, Charles C 815
Sharpe, Prank L 629, 814
Sharpe, Terry D 815
Sharpe, Thomas A 810
Shaw, Angus R 239, 790, 819
Shaw, Howard B 451, 475, 809
Shaw, H. E 827
Shaw, John D 417
Shaw, Norman L 720, 819
Shaw, William B 61, 787
Shearer, John B 479, 480
Shelton, C. E 475
Shepard, Charles B 320, 322, 823
Shepard, James B 320
Shepard, John R. D 423
Shepard, William B 319, 320, 321
Shepherd, F. A 798
Shepherd, Henry E..198, 240, 266,
289, 423, 436, 466
Shepherd, James E..239, 439, 505,
523, 526, 562, 798, 828
Shepherd, Jesse G 321, 430, 434
Shepherd, S. Brown.. 529, 545, 547,
667, 810
Shepherd, W. B 827
Sherman, Franklin, Jr 603, 619
Sherrod, J. V 827
Shields, John M 818
Shields, Malcolm M..330, 362, 364,
365, 808
Shipp, Albert M 266, 407
Shipp, Bartlett 807
Shipp, William M..407, 430, 519,
827, 828
Shober, Francis E .416, 796, 828
Shoemaker, D. N 627
Shofner, Howard B 818
Shore, Clarence A... 589, 600-603,
618, 621, 812
Shore, William T 649, 814
Short, H. B. (1) 788, 797
55
866
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Short, H. B. (2) 812
Shorter, H. M 434
Shorter, Henry R 404, 417, 827
Shull, Samuel B 569,812
Sidbury, Kirby C. 815
Sifford, Ernest 634, 813
Sikes, E. W 676
Simmons, Professor 523
Simmons. Albert M. .332, 361, 364,
386, 387, 388, 793, 808
Simmons, James L 816
Simmons, P. H 795
Simmons, Thomas L 667, 680, 815
Simmons, Thomas W 654, 814
Simms, Edward D 165
Simonds, Frederick W...104, 105,
157, 166, 182, 187, 191, 200, 203,
639, 766, 783
Simrall, George 820
Sims, Richard H 721, 819
Sinclair, N. A 790, 827
Singletary, George C 814
Singletary, R. W 828
Singletary, Snowden, Jr 815
Singleton, Richard W 419
Sitterson, Joseph M 564, 811
Sitton, C. V 754, 755, 757
Skinner, Benjamin S 600, 812
Skinner, Frederick N 196, 241,
243, 255, 666, 668, 807
Skinner, Harry 790
Skinner, Joshua J 813
Skinner, Thomas E..207, 210, 284,
360, 413, 429, 430
Skinner. Thomas G 421, 820
Slade, James J 821
Slade, Jere J 416
Slade, Thomas B. (1) 323
Slade, Thomas B. (2) 737, 819
Slade, William B 195, 198, 807
Slade, W. R 160
Sledd, Benjamin 603, 619
Sloan, Charles H 814
Sloan, David B 696, 725, 806, 817
Sloan, Henry L 652, 815
Sloan, Jesse R 818
Sloan, Samuel 315, 316, 326, 328
Slocumb, John C 265, 285
Small, J. H 160
Small, Walter L 818
Smathers, William F 813, 827
Smedes, Abraham K 820
Smedes, Charles W 196, 256
Smedes, E. Bancker 807
Smedes, J. E. C 266
Smedes, Thomas W 807
Page
Smith, Alexander H 820
Smith, A. J 793
Smith, Aristides S 175
Smith, Benjamin 425
Smith, C. Alphonso..505, 533, 617,
620, 622, 627, 632, 638, 639, 647,
650, 651, 656, 661, 662, 670, 674,
676, 682, 693, 695, 729, 782
Smith, Charles F .704-706
Smith, Charles H 811
Smith, Charles Lee 793
Smith, Claude F 357, 364, 386,
387, 388, 808
Smith, David B. .529, 530, 543, 545,
547, 810
Smith, D. E 794
Smith, E. Chambers 448,667
Smith, Edgar F 731
Smith, Edwin S 811
Smith, Egbert W 679
Smith, Euler B 603
Smith, E. W 567
Smith, Farquhard 701
Smith, Francis H 745
Smith, Francis J 504, 797
Smith, Henry C 818
Smith, Henry L 627, 656
Smith, Hildreth H 30, 411, 500, 778
Smith, Hoke 499, 501, 502
Smith, H. W 569
Smith, J. Henry 134, 158, 159, 679
Smith, James S 321, 322, 822
Smith, James T 615, 812
Smith, Mary Ann... 318, 345, 425,
457, 458, 467
Smith, Mary Ruffin..318, 344, 425, 467
Smith, O. R 316
Smith, Peter E 416
Smith, Richard 457
Smith, Richard H..112, 405, 407,
434, 820, 828
Smith, Richard R 726, 818
Smith, Robert L 367, 396, 397, 808
Smith, Samuel W 820
Smith, Sidney 631
Smith, Thomas C, Jr 501, 809
Smith, Walter J 820
Smith, William C..502, 530, 541,
555, 675, 713, 714, 810
Smith, William E 793
Smith, William H 122
Smith, William J 819
Smith, William N. H 196, 423, 796
Smith, William T 820
Smith, W. R. L. .712, 718, 723, 730, 731
Smithdeal, G. M 355
Index.
867
Page
Sneath, George M 736, 805
Sneed, J. W 795, 827
Sneed, Nathan 1 820
Sneed, William N 820
Snider, William M 817
Snipes, Edgar T '. 814
Snipes, Eugene M 809
Snipes, William S 451, 809
Snow, George H 58
Snow, Samuel 820
Snow, William B 475, 498, 515, 809
Society Representatives. .113, 130,
153, 173, 194, 234, 254, 265, 283,
343, 361, 385, 395, 403, 449, 463,
473, 497, 500, 516, 529, 544, 554,
565, 574, 599, 614, 624, 629, 647,
655, 667
Solomon, Harry M.. 700, 708, 718,
726, 818
Solomon, W. J 80
Songs.. 249, 260, 328, 393, 400, 445,
521, 531, 728, 761, 825
South Bend Iron Works 203
Southard, Lawrence G 683,816
Southerland, R. J 475
Southgate, James 80
Southgate, James H 675, 798
Sowerby, Jonathan D 529
Spaight, A. W 828
Spaight, Mary 318, 741
Spaight, Richard Dobbs (1)..318,
319, 321, 741
Spaight, Richard Dobbs (2) . .321, 828
Sparkman, Walter G 692, 816
Sparrow, Thomas 788
Spear, Maria 344
Spears, John A 66, 793
Speas, Jeannie W 670, 683, 815, 816
Speas, Wesley B 598, 812
Special Certificates —
See Commencement.
Speeches of Graduates —
See Commencement.
Speight, James A 806
Speight, Jesse 405
Speight, John F 820
Speight, Mary Shepherd (Bryan),
318, 425
Speight, Seth B 820
Spencer, Carroll B 8i7
Spencer, Cornelia Phillips. .29, 30,
31, 38, 59, 69, 76, 95, 97, 105,
106, 108, 109, 110, 126, 135, 146,
149, 154, 162, 191, 197, 248, 260,
280, 318, 323, 328, 393, 399, 457,
466, 504, 517, 521, 524, 532, 543,
552, 674-676, 690, 713, 773, 778, 797
Page
Spencer, Frederick B 817
Spencer, Julia 248,249
Spencer, W. H 827
Spicer, Charles B 816
Spoon, William L 463, 721, 809
Springs, Alva C. .157, 174, 182, 565, 807
Spruill, Frank S 256, 789
Spruill, James F 816, 817
Spruill, S. B 794
Spruill, Thomas H 407
Sprunt Historical Monographs
475, 568, 572, 616, 620, 621, 642,
650, 671, 685, 744
Sprunt, James 568, 660, 791
Sprunt, James, Mrs 671
Sprunt, James M 156
Stacy, Horace E. .696, 699, 705, 708, 817
Stacy, Lucius E 818
Stacy, Marvin H 601, 603, 613,
614, 615, 617, 627, 650, 658, 663,
667, 671, 683, 696, 706, 710, 711,
716, 728, 735, 738, 744, 803, 806,
812, 813
Stacy, Walter P. .674, 676, 680, 683,
722, 815
Stafford, William F 601, 615, 812
Staley, Bessie 811
Staley, W. W 567
Stallings, J. N 828
Stamps, E. R 237
Stamps, Preston 256, 266, 807
Stamps, Thomas L 407
Stanback, David C 576
Stanbury, W. A 728
Stancell, Samuel T 692, 816
Stanford, John D 305, 795
Stanley, Benjamin E. .550, 756, 757, 810
Stanley, John H 629, 814
Staples, John N 208, 793, 794
Staples, Waller R 519, 822
Starbuck, D. A 3, 785
Starbuck, Henry R... 386-388, 798, 808
Starke, Nathaniel C 812
Starnes, John W 493, 789
Starr, H. W 730
Starr, Thomas G 196
State Board Medical Examiners,
677, 709
State Library Association 632
Staton, Joseph S 794
Staton, Marshall C 813
Staton, Simmons B 820
Staton, W. J 796
Stedman, Charles M. .473, 665, 666,
679, 680, 697, 791, 796, 823
Stedman, C. M 827
Stedman, Frank H 197
History of University of Xorth Carolina.
Page
Steele, John 620
Steele, R. T. S 810
Steele, Walter L..50, 51, 53, 57,
61, 65, 77, 99, 101, 104, 117, 129,
133, 237, 244, 252, 279, 281, 314,
322, 332, 333, 337, 395, 404, 409,
424, 433, 434, 444, 449, 461, 462,
495, 580, 787, 796-798, 822, 828
Steinen, E. von den 603, 612
Stem, Frederick B 670, 815
Stephens, George G..507, 528, 574,
647, 654, 667, 735, 747, 751, 752,
754, 755, 757, 791, 810
Stephens, Professor 45
Stephenson, Brevard D..708, 733,
737, 818
Stephenson, L. D 794
Stephenson, Victor L 634, 643,
648, 654, 700, 727, 814
Stern, David P.. 606, 613, 678, 680,
793, 812
Stevens, Alexander H 36
Stevens, Frank L 650
Stevens, Mrs. Frank L 650
Stevens, G. M 604
Stevens, George P. .615, 617, 812, 813
Stevens, Harry P 813
Stevens, Leon G 817
Stevens, Luke L 600, 812
Stevens, Ralph S 642, 710, 814
Stevenson, Adlai E 529
Stevenson, Mack deW 820
Stevenson, Reston 812, 813
Stevenson, William M 589, 812
Stewart, A. C 8^8
Stewart, Barney C...696, 698, 755, 818
Stewart, Edward L 665, 815
Stewart, J. L 263, 386, 489, 788
Stewart, Plummer 812
Stewart, Roach S...614, 615, 622,
625, 747, 748, 813
Stewart, William B 235, 807
Stickney, Joseph B 68
Stiles, Charles W 731
Stockard, Henry J 499, 531, 740
Stockard, Sallie W 554, 811, 812
Stockholders in Gymnasium Asso-
ciation 796
Stockton, Norman V 816
Stockton, Richard G 718, 818
Stokes, John F 600, 812
Stokes, Thomas D 197, 797, 798, 807
Stone, David 200, 259, 319, 321
Stone, Rev. Mr 258
Stone, Harry B 606
Story, Romey A 749, 752
Page
Stowe, J 794
Strange, Robert (1) 322
Strange, Robert (2) 828
Strange, Robert (3) . .153, 174, 176,
182, 410, 447, 525, 565, 730, 798,
807, 827
Strayhorn, Isaac R 411, 788
Strayhorn, J. T 254, 255
Street, Nathaniel H..134, 154, 155, 807
Strickland, Edward F 33~0
Strickland, Jesse A 817
Strickley, Givens B 574
Stronach, Alexander. .438, 440, 444,
462, 514, 808, 809
Strong, Geo. V. (1) 66, 67, 105, 170,
425, 439, 519, 788, 793, 794, 796, 828
Strong, George V. (2) 759
Stroud, W. F 245
Stroup, Samuel B 817
Strowd, Robert L 721
Strowd, Wallace H 816
Strowd, William B 817
Strudwick, Fred N 251
Strudwick, Nan S 669, 806
Struthers, David L 696, 817
Students' Council 78, 203, 204, 698
Sturdivant, Fabius W 820
Subscriptions to Alumni Hall.... 523
Subscriptions to Endowment of
Chair of History 448, 449, 798
Subscriptions to Revival of Uni-
versity in 1875 52, 74-77, 795
Sugg, Josiah 794
Suggs, Charles 36
Summer, R. E 670
Summer Normal 1877, 142-149;
1878, 157-165; 1879, 186-190;
1880, 198-200; 1881, 240-242;
1882, 257, 258; 1883, 267, 268;
1884, 287, 288; 504-505; 1895,
526; 1896, 533; 541; 1897, 547,-
548; 1898, 555; 1900, 590; 1901,
602-603; 610; 1902, 618, 619;
1903, 626-627; 1905, 650; 1907,
671; 1908, 683; 1909, 696; 1910,
710; 1911, 728; 1912, 738; 744
Summer School of Biology 506
Summer School of Geology 505
Summer School of Law 709
Summer Term of University 590
Summerell, Joseph J 472
Sumner, Edwin V 141
Sumpter, Orlando H 812
Supporters of the University in
the General Assembly at Criti-
cal Times 793-795
Index.
869
Page
Suttle, Oscar M 811
Sutton, Frederick 1 815
Sutton, John M 820
Sutton, Theodore K 813
Sutton, Thomas H., Jr 815
Swain, David L..1, 4, 5, 6, 36, 39,
50, 128, 131, 132. 135, 172, 204,
206, 316, 3±7, 319, 321, 322, 323,
325, 326, 345, 360, 411, 423, 426,
427, 428, 435, 457, 519, 543, 552,
579, 616, 714, 741, 778, 821, 822, 828
Swain, Edward 615
Swain, Eleanor H. . .37, 57, 105-108, 741
Swain, John E 812
Swain, Wilson (colored) 84
Swift, Wiley H..598, 599, 600, 605,
687, 721, 727, 735, 812
Swindell, David C 811
Swindell, F. D 494
Swing, Louis M 497
Swink, David M 589, 598, 600, 812
Swink, Gilbert R 554
Swink, Louis M 502, 809
Sykes, Lawson W 820
Sykes, Robert H 688, 727, 735
Tabor, George L 649, 814
Talley, John S 817
Tankersley, Felix 820
Tanner, Kenneth S 818
Tar Heel, The 455, 511, 552, 652
Tart, Braston 1 813
Tate, Alexander C 267
Tate, Samuel McD. .61, 65, 66, 304,
787, 794, 795
Tate, W. L 795
Tayloe, David T 788
Taylor, Benjamin F 817
Taylor, Charles E..423, 435, 436,
439, 465
Taylor, Hannis 452, 474, 554, 716
Taylor, Henry H 820
Taylor, Isaac M..94, 174, 176, 410,
565, 576, 688, 807
Taylor, James C..93, 94, 133, 134,
138, 565, 576, 599, 632, 807
Taylor, James F. .5, 35, 36, 37, 414,
778, 786
Taylor, James P 420
Taylor, John 186, 772
Taylor, John D 417
Taylor, L. C ". 410
Taylor, Lewis N 817
Taylor, Matchett 5, 785
Taylor, R. S. (colored) 306, 795
Page
Taylor, Thomas W 720, 819, 827
Taylor, Walter F 700, 705, 708,
726, 818
Teague, Claude E 723, 726, 730,
733, 818
Teague, Dossey B...676, 699, 700,
727, 817
Teague, Samuel F 708, 817
Tenney, Abdel K , 20
Tennis — See Athletics.
Terrell, Albert J 677, 816
Thaxton, John W 187
Thigpen, James R 796
Thigpen, Kenneth B 600, 812
Thomas, Belle 533
Thomas, Charles R. (1) 5, 785
Thomas, Charles R. (2) . .173, 235,
236, 646, 788, 797, 807
Thomas, Charles R. (3).. 450, 737, 818
Thomas, George G..411, 429, 431,
677
Thomas, H. Clay 88
Thomas, James.. 285, 330, 332, 362,
365, 434, 435, 444, 808
Thomas, J. M 790
Thomas, John S 450, 784
Thomas, Pride J
Thomas, Washington
Thomas, William G 816
Thomas, William R..696, 725, 726,
737, 806, 818, 819
Thompson, Charles E 704, 812
Thompson, Cyrus (1) 306,790
Thompson, Cyrus (2) 818
Thompson, Dorman S....575, 589,
599-601, 603, 618, 812
Thompson, George N 789, 795
Thompson, Gordon W 700, 705,
708, 726, 818
Thompson, Henry C 33
Thompson, Henry E 237, 807
Thompson, Holland M...500, 524, 810
Thompson, Hugh 146
Thompson, Hugh A 817
Thompson, Hugh M 563, 739
Thompson, Jacob 320, 322, 519,
823, 828
Thompson, John M..695, 755, 757, 817
Thompson, Jenny 69
Thompson, Lewis 320, 828
Thompson, Mack M 242
Thompson, Matt 606
Thompson, Maurice D 820
Thompson, Percy 525
Thompson, Seymour C 463, 809
Thompson, Susan G 69
797
787
502
820
8;o
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Thompson, Thomas W 796
Thompson, W A 794
Thompson, Walter R 811
Thompson, William 408
Thompson, William H 417
Thompson, W. R 713, 715, 747
Thomson, Julius P 692, 816
Thomson, Ruffin 820
Thorp, Benoni 396-398, 808
Thorp, John H 53, 77, 116, 787
Thorpe, James B 625
Thorpe, John H 701
Thorpe, Joseph J 813
Thurman, A. G 133, 172
Thurmond, G. Edwards 820
Tillett, Charles W 730
Tillett, Charles W., Jr... 678, 687,
690, 698, 816
Tillett, Duncan P 815
Tillett, John 696, 818
Tillett, Wilbur P 187, 552, 553
Tilley, George V 451, 809
Tillinghast, John H 666
Tison, P. L 569
Toasts.. 208-213, 424-438, 462, 477,
522, 544, 622, 630, 632, 643, 654,
667, 689, 704
Toch, Maximilian 659
Todd, James W 789
Tolman, Herbert C. T...499, 525,
740, 782
Tomlinson, Charles P 523, 524, 810
Tomlinson, Jacob 625, 813
Tomlinson, Julius L. .144, 145, 148,
186, 187, 199, 240, 287
Toms, Charles F 525, 792
Toms, Clinton W...438, 440, 541,
547, 808
Toms, Nathan 809
Toomer, John D 430, 828
Toon, T. P 504
Tourgee, Albion W...5. 8, 13, 14,
24, 52, 103, 785
Towles, Oliver 694, 804
Townes, James E 820
Townsend, J 737
Townsend, Newman A... 643, 649,
750, 814
Toy, Crawford H. . .334, 423, 437, 439
Toy, Walter D..334, 335, 390, 505,
526, 533, 548, 567, 590, 601, 602,
627, 650, 659, 671, 674, 683, 696,
799, 806
Track Athletics — See Athletics.
Track Record 759
Treasurer's Report... 8, 27, 57, 61,
117, 214
Page
Tree Planting 197, 267, 280, 391
Triplett, Jesse B 237
Trotter, Benjamin C 818
Troy, John C 576
Troy, W. C 307, 796
Trustees Since Reopening 786-793
Trustees Under Constitution of
1868 785
Tucker, H. H 194
Tucker, H. McKee 709
Tucker, Rufus S 212, 228, 796
Tucker, W. H. & R. S 796
Tucker, William R..312, 367, 386, 808
Turlington, Edgar W 700, 705,
707, 708, 818
Turlington, Ira T 266, 807
Turlington, Lee P 708, 725, 806, 817
Turnbull, Lennox B 328, 534
Turner, Charles R 524, 526, 810
Turner, Henry G 813
Turner, J. A 795
Turner, Josiah 519, 828
Turner, V. E 667
Turrentine, John W 600, 615, bi2
Turrentine, Samuel B 255, 267,
284, 285, 387, 567, 807, 808
Twitty, T. B 795
Twitty, William L 177, 787
Tyson, Benjamin P 364
Tyson, John J 814
Tyson, Lucien P 820
. . . . 689
683,
692, 816
815
. ... 810
Umstead, John W ,
Umstead, John W., Jr... 680,
686,
Umstead, Walter W
Underhill, Wingate
University Athletics — See
Athletics.
University Day 135, 189, 243,
258, 366, 389, 441, 454, 476, 591,
603, 620, 632, 638-642, 650, 660,
672, 684, 697, 712, 729, 744
University Inn 657
University Magazine 169, 260,
348, 370, 389, 441, 447, 450, 471,
506, 511, 552, 559, 569, 615, 625,
631, 718, 739
University Press 511
University Publications. .685, 728,
744-745
University Railroad 33, 89,
245-252, 442
University Record 561, 577
Upchurch, Robert T 817
Upchurch, W. G 796
Index.
871
Page
Upchurch, William M 814
Urquhart, Richard A 682, 817
Usry, William T 811
Utley, Foster 55, 83, 474
Uzzell, John R 234
Uzzell, Kirby S 364, 808
Uzzell, Robert L 364, 398, 808
Valentine, T. W 398
Vance, James 1 629
Vance, James J 241
Vance, Robert B 36, 235, 236, 788
Vance, Thomas M 234, 256
Vance, Zebulon B..4, 65, 75, 77, 95,
97, 105, 112, 117, 126, 130, 132,
135, 144, 154, 158, 160, 164, 170,
206, 233, 321, 346, 347, 416, 435,
452, 505, 552, 564, 580, 586, 732,
740, 785, 787, 796, 822
Vance, Mrs. Z. B 314, 797
Vanderbilt, William H...192, 277,
425, 623
Vandeveer, William B 820
Vandiver, Walter W 256
Van Dyke, Henry 745
Vann, E. J 827
Vann, Livingston 254
Van Noppen, Charles L...501, 502, 809
Van Noppen, Leonard C..473, 474,
740, 809
Van Poole, Robert L 818
Van Winkle, Kingsland 812
Van Wyck, Augustus 360, 574, 796
Van Wyck, William 796
Vass, L. C 388
Vaughan, John H...634, 635, 649,
670, 813, 814
Vaughan, Latimer C 195, 807
Venable, Charles S. (1)..403, 423,
435 439 571
Venable, Charles S. (2).. 687' 692^
707, 760, 817, 818
Venable, Francis P.. 203, 232, 238,
262, 274, 287, 314, 336, 366, 437,
448, 477, 512, 513, 541, 568, 571,
590-593, 594, 597, 599, 601, 602,
604, 607-613, 618, 620, 622, 626,
632, 633, 638-641, 644, 646, 647,
650, 654, 655, 660-662, 667, 668,
672, 674, 675, 677, 679-681, 683-
685, 688, 689, 691, 697, 700, 704,
705, 706, 712, 716, 722-724, 729-
731, 735, 738, 741, 742, 743, 797,
798, 799, 821
Venable, Mrs 723
Page
Venable, John M 696, 817
Vermont, Adolf 711, 728, 729,
738, 816
verner, Samuel P 620
Vick, George D 557, 811
Viles, George B 706, 725, 805
Vines, Charles 820
Vinson, Barnard B 683, 815
Visiting Committee Ill, 151.
170, 232, 244, 263, 272, 316, 332,
386, 461, 489, 551, 568, 601, 632,
633, 656, 657, 671, 697
Vogler, Charles A 806, 818
Voils, Thaddeus W 726, 818
Vreeland, Harold V. P 708, 817
Waddell, Alfred M.. . .113, 145, 390,
455, 472, 518, 524, 525
Waddell, Hugh 173
Waddell, Leigh R 68, 794
Wade, Jane C 268
Wadsworth, Harvey B 816
Wagstaff, Henry M.. . .669, 688, 695,
712, 802, 811
Waite, Morrison R 58
Walker, Herbert D 811
Walker, James A 419
Walker, Joseph T 818
Walker, J. P 827
Walker, Piatt D..66, 682, 791, 794,
798 827
Walker, John M 197, 233^ 807
Walker, Lucien H 157, 235, 807
Walker, Nathan W. . .625, 657, 683,
696, 711, 728, 738, 744, 801, 813
Walker, T. A 493
Walkup, Samuel H 828
Wall, Henry C 421, 791, 820
Wallace, George W 819
Walser, Zebulon V.. . .265, 294, 463,
671, 716, 790, 793, 827
Walser, Zenobian 1 497, 809
Walters, Charles M 814
Walton, William M 328, 546, 555
Wang, Lingoh 737, 818
War Classes. 679, 717, 719, 720, 819, 820
Ward, Alfred D.. .331, 493, 703, 705, 808
Ward, Eugene C 726, 818
Ward, George 827
Ward, George R 625, 813
Ward, H. S 827
Ward, Ivey A 663, 815
Ward, John 769
Ward, Needham E 565, 589, 812
Ward, Vernon A 649
872
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Wardlaw, Charles D 663, 692, 816
Ware, John N 805
Waring, R. T 305, 795
Warlick, Lee M.. 284, 285, 807
Warnecke, W 138
Warren, Edward 286
Warren, Julius A 732, 806
Warren, Thomas D. . .498, 561, 727,
792, 811
Warren, T. 1 498
Warren, William F 818
Warshaw, Jacob 812
Washburn, Benjamin E...656, 669,
814, 816
Washington, G. Lawrence 820
Washington, J. A 798
Waters, George W., Jr 818
Watkins, E. W 355
Watkins, Ponso B 812
Watkins, Henry T.93, 130, 155, 798, 807
Watkins, John S 286
Watkins, Thomas R 820
Watkins, Warner M 422
Watson, Harry L 811
Watson, J. B 795
Watson, John B 816
Watson, J. Madison 157, 158, 159
Watson, John B 677
Watson, John H 261
Watson, Jones 245, 778, 796
Watson, J. W. B 796
Watson, Neill McK 682
Watt, Robert M 816
Watters, S. Paxson 418
Watterson, Henry 281
Watts, George 622
Watts, G. W 798
Watts, Samuel W 20, 34, 785
Weatherby, J. M 199
Weaver, C. H 445
Weaver, Fleming R 806
Weaver, J 500
Weaver, Jordan (colored) 631
Weaver, William J 524, 547, 810
Webb, Alexander G 819
Webb, Benjamin D 721, 819
Webb, Charles A 398, 400, 401,
438, 440, 808
Webb, E. Y 827
Webb, John 798
Webb, John F 811
Webb, John M 107, 175
Webb, Lorenzo S 642, 814
Webb, Louis H 669
Webb, Richard T 818
Webb, Samplett E 677, 816
Page
Webb, Thomas S 819
Webb, W. H. G 820
Webb, W. M. B 429
Webb, William R., Jr 507, 530,
531, 548, 555
Webster, J. R 211
Weeks, Stephen B 285, 355, 358,
362, 364, 387, 396, 399, 518, 740,
799, 808
Weeks, W. R 596
Weil, Henry 504, 568, 647, 798
Weil, Herman 812
Weil, Leslie 810
Weil, Lionel 667, 810
Weill, Charles L 656, 670, 815, 824
Weill. Solomon C 267, 331, 332,
333, 354, 368, 518, 703, 789, 798,
808, 827
Welborn, Edgar S 692, 817, 818
Welch. William H 690
Wellborn, Olin 819, 827
Weller, Francis M 643, 649, 814
Weller, Hubert R 615, 813
Wellons, Elmer J 818
Wells, W. B 794
Wendling, George 620
Wesson, W. J. B 156
West, Andrew F 669
West, Jesse P 331, 808
West, Noel E 818
Weston, Bryan W 810
Weston, John P 80
Westray, S. E 796
Wetmore, George B 787
Wetmore, William R 417
Wetzell, William M 816
Wharton, Cyrus R 723, 725, 733,
806, 818
Wharton, Turner A 254, 256
Wharton, William G 811
Wheat, J. T 519
Wheat, Thomas 427
Whedbee, Charles 792, 793
Whedbee, H. W 827
Wheeler, Alvin S 602, 618, 627,
706, 735, 742, 744, 804
Wheeler, A. W 366
Wheeler, B. L 557
Wheeler, John H 35, 36, 80, 105,
155, 322, 323
Wheeler, W. H 68, 794
Whitaker, Bessie L 566, 685, 815
Whitaker, DeBerniere H 499
Whitaker, George T 814
Whitaker, Joel D., Jr 688, 747, 753
Whitaker, John C 733, 818
IXDEX.
87;
Page
Whitaker, Lyman B 818
Whitaker, Percy D. P 811
Whitaker, Spier 680, 794
Whitaker, William A 798
Whitaker, William A., Jr 634, 813
White and Blue 455, 511
White, Benjamin F 808
White, Charles H 501, 740, 809
White, Andrew D 335
White, Benjamin F 285, 287
White, Charles H 502
White, David R 290
White, Elihu A 790
White, James S 810
White, Joseph H 810
White, Moses A 818
White, Richard S 807
White, Walter R 698, 817
White, W. E 790
White, W. Hinton 596
White, William J 820
Whitehead, Albert C 814
Whitehead, Frances 797
Whitehead, Jefferson D., Jr 819
Whitehead, Richard H 346, 453,
542, 609, 657, 692, 731, 741, 742
Whitehurst, Harold 625, 813
Whitener, Robert V 547, 667, 810
Whitfield, A. H 827
Whitfield, Bryan 414
Whitfield, Nathan B 666, 827
Whitfield, Theo. B 173, 177
Whitfield, William B 820
Whiting, Seymour W 283
Whitley, George T 670, 683, 692,
711, 728, 738, 816
Whitley, Michael 794
Whitlock, Paul C 544, 554, 680, 811
Whitlock, Victor E 497, 498, 809
Whitner, Benjamin F 819
Whitney, Floyd G 818
Whitsett, George W 666, 807
Whitsett, William T. .395, 398, 641, 792
Whitted, William D 41, 785, 795
Whitted, W. S 42
Whittington, James B 816
Wicker, Walter C 810
Wiggins, John C 815
Wiggins, Octavius 422, 820
Wiggins, Thomas M 720, 819
Wilborn, A 267
Wilcox, G 795
Wilcox, Maurice H 170
Wilder, Burt G 335
Wildman, James R 818
Wildman, J. W 651, 674
Page
Wiley, Calvin H. .105, 111, 117, 128,
159, 170, 225, 232, 238, 433, 435,
591, 594, 787
Wilkerson, Charles B 652, 815
Wilkerson, Thaddeus E., Jr 806, 819
Wilkes, H. Frank 518
Wilkes, John 797
Wilkes, John F 256, 267, 807
Wilkerson, Miss 187
Wilkinson, William S 361, 364,
386, 387, 388, 808
Willard, Edward P...462, 495, 498.
515, 809
Willcox, Frederick L 474, 498, 809
Willcox, George W 813
Willcox, Jesse W 652, 813, 815
Williams, A. H. A 795
Williams, Alfred F., Jr 525, 547,
558, 810
Williams, Buxton B 615, 812
Williams, Clawson L..705, 713, 715,
718, 818
Williams. Daniel M 817
Williams, D. M 134, 798
Williams, Edward L 725, 745, 818
Williams, H. C 795
Williams, Henry H. . .189, 196, 239,
261, 266, 267, 461, 477, 506, 541,
597, 633, 639, 666, 718, 730, 768,
800, 807
Williams, John A 798
Williams, John D„ Jr 796
Williams, Joseph 117, 787
- Williams, J. F. C 819
Williams, Joseph S 810
Williams, J. W. M 674, 772
Williams, Louis H 818
Williams, Marion M 816
Williams, Patrick M 667, 680, 816
Williams, Robert R...606, 613-615,
678, 812
Williams, Robert W 819
Williams, Roy 550
Williams, Solomon B 819
Williams, Victor 815
Williams, William H 418
Williams, Willis R 307, 795
Williamson, George 788, 794, 820
Williamson, H. D 789
Williamson, Hugh 259
Williamson, J. A 794
Williamson, John L 409, 544
Williamson, W. P 794
Williard, Charles W 806, 818, 819
Williford, Mirandy 820
Willis, Arthur P 629, 814
874
History of University of North Carolina.
Page
Willis, Emmett C 599, 812
Willis, Ivey 817
Willis, Norman L 692, 816
Wills, George S.. .395, 400, 401, 438,
440, 462, 507, 523, 526, 590, 808, 810
Wills, Helen 797
Wills, William H 462, 463, 809
Wilson, Alexander 323
Wilson, A. W 329, 330
Wilson, C. L 144, 158, 159, 187,
241, 287
Wilson, D. Tate 386, 387, 388, 808
Wilson, D. T. S 474
Wilson, Edwin M. (1) 616
Wilson, Edwin M. (2) 475, 497, 809
Wilson, Eugene H 144, 158, 179,
187, 258
Wilson, George G 242, 255, 807
Wilson, George P 736, 806
Wilson, G. W 827
Wilson, H. E. D 589, 812
Wilson, Henry V 475, 506, 508,
617, 621, 639, 657, 663, 730, 743,
744, 800
Wilson, James W...416, 789, 791,
793, 827
Wilson, John 80
Wilson, John K 629, 634, 643,
727, 793, 814
Wilson, Joseph R 385
Wilson, Louis R 566, 601, 603,
634, 643, 649, 650, 683, 688, 696,
700, 711, 735, 738, 744, 804, 806,
811, 812, 814
Wilson, Louise A 728, 818
Wilson, N. H. D. (1) . .244, 543, 550, 788
Wilson, N. H. D. (2) . .363, 364, 365,
518, 523, 808
Wilson, Peter M 313, 314, 797, 798
Wilson, R. Don 3, 785
Wilson, Robert M 816
Wilson, S. Otho 790
Wilson, Thomas J., Jr 498, 501,
526, 548, 589, 590, 601, 602, 618,
695, 700, 803, 806, 809, 810, 811
Wilson, William A 808
Wilson, William L 545
Wilson, William M 814
Wilson, William S 599, 811
Wilson, Woodrow 385, 626, 685,
722-724, 726
Wilson, W. A 438
Wilson, William M 759
Wimberly, George L 798
Winborne, B. B 667
Winborne, John W 656, 814
Page
Winborne, Robert H 413, 517, 828
Winborne, Robert W. .177, 236, 427,
428, 523, 795, 807
Winborne, Stanley 815
Winder, J. H 797
Wing, James P 329
Wingate, Rev. Dr 45
Winslow, Francis E..678, 686, 692, 816
Winslow, Warren 828
Winstead, C. S 62
Winstead, Harry W 813
Winstead, Stephen 820
Winston, Francis D 94, 95, 130,
174, 176, 410, 459, 518, 523, 552,
564, 565, 576, 622, 630, 631, 647,
648, 664, 688, 689, 705, 709, 716,
722, 723, 779, 789, 807, 827
Winston, George T. . .80, 82, 91, 92,
109, 114, 136, 144, 145, 148, 158,
159, 160, 182, 191, 223, 242, 259,
275, 313, 314, 325, 329, 336, 337,
356, 383, 386, 391, 399, 423, 437,
441, 448, 462, 465-468, 470, 471,
475-477, 480-493, 497, 503, 505,
508, 510, 526, 532, 534, 552, 569,
577-583, 585, 595, 632, 639, 701,
702, 704, 707, 713, 739, 740, 773,
779, 797, 798, 821, 823
Winston, James H 95, 410, 624,
633, 635, 813
Winston, John A 820
Winston, Joseph 318
Winston, Patrick H. (1) . .320, 505,
519 779 828
Winston, Patrick H. (2).. 68, 117^ 787
Winston, Patrick H. (3) . . .60, 736, 802
Winston, Robert W. . .153, 174, 175,
176, 410, 448, 522, 565, 642, 688,
689, 779, 795, 798, 807
Winston, Robert W., Jr.. . .751, 755,
757, 759, 818
Winston, William E 819
Wiseman, J. W 795
Wishard, L. D 355, 356
Witherington, Isham F 818
Withers, E. B 420, 828
Withers, Eugene P...396, 397, 398, 808
Witherspoon, John 723
Wittich, Ernest L 820
Wolfe, Adolphus H...687, 692, 698,
699, 817
Woltz, Albert E 694, 806
Womack, Sidney 820
Womack, T. B 305, 795
Wood, Edward J 558, 811
Wood, Frank 157, 314, 797
Index.
875
Page
Wood, Henry G 398, 438, 440, 808
Wood, John E 805, 818, 819
Wood, John G., Jr 656, 814
Wood, John Q. A 36
Wood, John W 808
Wood, Julian 256, 284, 808
Wood, M. L 286
Wood, Thomas F 452, 492, 494,
504, 673, 797
Wood, Thomas F., Mrs 797
Wood, Walter P 813
Woodard, Alert G 663, 815
Woodard, Frederick A 792
Woodard, Graham 575, 704, 812
Woodard, John E 789, 795
Woodard, Paul L 809
Woodard, William C, Jr. 669, 816
Woodburn, John A 162
Woodley, William T., Jr 529, 810
Woodruff, Carl 667
Woodson, Charles W 566, 704
Woodson, Ernest H 555, 566, 811
Woodson, R. S 367
Woodson, Walter H 529, 810
Woodward, F. C 193, 439
Woodward, Paul L 451
Woodward, William T 663, 815
Woolcott, Philip 759
Woollen, Charles T...694, 729, 798, 806
Wooten, Amos M 817
Wooten, Emmett R 792
Wooten, William P...473, 474, 495,
497, 498, 809
Worth, B. G 798
Worth, Charles W 249, 633, 666,
798 807
Worth, David G. .178, 313, 417, 444,'
448, 489, 523, 543, 550, 591, 789,
797, 798, 821
Worth, Henry V 814
Worth, Jonathan. 281, 320, 321, 550, 821
Worth, Thomas C 812
Worthington, Benjamin T 820
Worthington, D 795
Worthy, K. H 794
Page
Wray, Joe S 507, 667, 810
Wren, Clement 649, 814
Wright, C. G 798
Wright, Isaac C 628, 643, 648, 814
Wright, Joshua G 421
Wright, Martin L 677, 816
Wright, Robert H 529, 634, 713,
714, 749, 752, 810
Wright, Thomas L 547, 810
Wright, William A 796
Wyatt, Marshall B 818
Wyatt, Wortham 816
Wyche, Benjamin 503, 809
Wyche, Charles 625
Wyche, Cyril T 189
Wynne, Richard 1 5, 6, 785
Tackety Yaclc 506, 740, 769
Yager, William L 820
Yancey, Bartlett 319, 321, 594, 744
Yates, Joseph W 809
Yates, William J 36, 279, 788
Yeargin, Benjamin 425, 768
Yelverton, William E.670, 683, 816, 824
York, B 36
York, R. W 23
Young, Augustus P 820
Young, David S 419
Young, James B 820
Young, John G 798
Young, John M 828
Young Men's Christian Association
276, 453, 493, 506, 507, 510, 567,
604, 612, 620, 622-624, 629, 642,
652, 663, 665, 671, 678, 687, 701,
710, 716, 719, 730, 733, 739
Young, William H 820
Yount, Marshall H 810
Zachary, Robert E 530, 540, 810
Zollicoffer, Algernon A 818
Zollicoffer, A. C 798
Zollicoffer, Jere P 818
«•*.
SUPPLEMENT TO VOL. II
of
BATTLE'S HISTORY
of the
University of North Carolina
To My Readees:
I give my readers, with, nearly all of whom I am personally
acquainted, an explanation, and as far as possible, reparation.
When the manuscript of Vol. 2 of my "History of the University
of North Carolina" was nearly finished, the friends of the book
became eager that I should go to press. In an evil hour I consented,,
thinking that I could easily keep ahead of the printers. This proved
a miscalculation. The search for information, and the verification of
statements in the reports of exercises, consumed so much time that
I was unable to make such careful review as was essential to per-
fect accuracy. Then, too, it was necessary to read proof too hastily,
and so it resulted that errors and omissions occurred, partly by my
own oversight, partly by that of others.
When I came in sight of the end, it was found to my horror that,
in order to have the book of the size of volume 1, I must discard
much which I had written. In doing this I was forced to sacrifice
considerable part of my labors.
Far be it from me to do injustice willingly to any one, and I
therefore forward to every owner of my book, whose address is
known to me, without charge, the following supplement to Volume
2, containing a correction of such errors as I have noticed or have
been called to my attention. Kemp P. Battle.
Page 720. There is here a regrettable omission. It occurs also in
the newspaper account and in the University Record. In the men-
tion of the alumni of the "war class of 1861," who were present at the
Semi-centennial Reunion in 1911, Captain J. M. B. Hunt, of Gran-
ville, and Lt.-Col. A. H. Edmonson, of Tennessee, were mentioned,
but not Captain Thomas H. Haughton, of Charlotte. Captain
■ Haughton was the only member of the class present who received
his diploma in 1861, his father having persuaded him that there
would be abundant opportunities of fighting after graduation.
This, of course, proved to be a true prophecy as he had a soldier's
arduous experiences of four years, reaching the grade of Captain
in Major J. C. MacRae's battalion. His diploma is signed by Gov-
ernors Swain, Ellis, Morehead, Manly and Bragg, by two Judges
of the Supreme Court, Ruffin and Battle, and Paul C. Cameron,
John H. Bryan, Daniel M. Barringer and Nicholas L. Williams.
His comrades, Webb and Hunt, and all other Confederate War
students, were voted special diplomas at the Reunion. Captain
Haughton and the two others made short extempore addresses,
which were not reported.
Page 105. Dr. F. W. Simonds resigned in the Fall of 1881.
Page 136. The Zeta Psi is omitted in the list of Fraternities, but is
mentioned in the same paragraph as having a Fraternity house.
Page 258. A. D. Betts should be his son, Wm. A. Betts, now a minis-
ter of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Florida. He was
so active in religious duties that the students called him "Bishop
Betts." He was particularly helpful in instructing his fellows in
sacred music.
Page 389. At this commencement (1887) President Battle felt it
his duty to leave town before the exercises of the last day were
over, Rev. Dr. A. W. Mangum presiding in his absence. He
had been appointed by President Cleveland at the instance of
General W. R. Cox, a Representative in Congress, one of the Vis-
itors to the United States Military Academy at West Point. He
concurred with the Board, of which General Francis T. Nichols
of Louisiana, afterwards Governor, was President, in reporting
the institution, then under charge of General Wesley Merritt, to
be in a remarkable state of efficiency. The Board recommended
new buildings, which have since been erected. General Nichols
did heroic work in crushing the Louisiana lottery, as well as in
the War between the States.
Page 438. Daniel G. Currie should be Daniel J. Currie.
Page 455. I am taken to task for killing Ben Boothe too soon. He
lived at least ten years after 1891. As there is no monument to
his memory, and there is no contemporary notice of his death,
so far as I know, we must be content with this statement.
Page 507. Dr. F. P. Venable is not an only son. He has a half-
brother, Dr. Charles S. Venable, a prominent physician of San
Antonio, Texas.
Page 529. Gen. W. R. Cox is said to be Chief Clerk of the Senate.
This is an error. He was Secretary of the Senate, its highest
officer. He has had a distinguished career. Brigadier-General
in the "war between the States," State Solicitor afterwards, and
a Judge, then a Representative in Congress for six years. He
was wounded in the war thirteen times and commanded his bri-
gade in the last firing at Appomattox.
Page 544. Paul Finley Cheek should be Paul Tinsley Cheek.
Page 575. It is stated that the Dialectic Society won the debate.
The Record and newspaper accounts are silent on this subject
and I made the statement on the authority of one who was pres-
ent at the discussion. I find that my informant was mistaken.
The Philanthropies won, but the prize, $20, was divided between
Dorman S. Thompson, Di., and George V. Cowper, Phi., adjudged
to be the best speakers and equal.
Page 619. Exercises in memoriam of President McKinley were held
in Gerrard Hall September 10, 1902. Messrs. Whitehead Kluttz
and Rev. Dr. J. Wm. Jones made touching addresses. Judge
James C. MacRae read resolutions expressive of regard for the
late President and regret for his cruel murder.
Page 631. I find that I was misinformed as to the author of the
joke narrated on this page. He was not ex-Judge Francis D.
Winston. It is unnecessary to give his name. Certainly no dis-
respect, but only fun, was intended.
Page 647. The Honorary Degrees mentioned here were conferred
in 1904. See page 634.
Page 656. This was the last Commencement attended by the dis-
tinguished educator, Charles Duncan Mclver, LL.D. He died
September 17, 1906, in the plenitude of his powers at the early-
age of 46 suddenly, on a railroad car, on his way to labor for the
advancement of our youth. He was a Trustee and member of
the Executive Committee.
Page 668. The full title of J. J. Parker's speech was "Democracy—
A New Unfolding of Human Power."
Page G87. The Toastmaster of the Inter-Society banquet was
Charles W. Tiilett, Junior, son of the prominent lawyer of Char-
lotte, of the same name. The son was very successful in his
studies and as a speaker. He was, moreover, a foremost athlete.
Page 698. Judge James Cameron MacRae, the learned Dean of the
Law Department, died suddenly on the 17th day of October, 1909.
Memorial Services in his honor were held in Gerrard Hall, De-
cember 5, 1909. Prayer was offered by his rector, Rev. R. W,
Hogue. This was followed by a Quartette, "Lead Kindly Light."
Ex-Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, James
E. Shepherd, who presided over the meeting, delivered the Intro-
ductory Address. Then Dr. Thomas Ruffin, Professor of Law,
spoke for the Faculty, followed by Mr. Kemp Davis Battle for
the Law classes. Mr. Waiter H. Grimes, of the Raleigh Bar,
spoke for the older students of Judge MacRae. The last and most
elaborate address was by Justice Piatt D. Walker, of the Supreme
Court. He portrayed in strong and eloquent language the pure
and consistent character of Judge MacRae, his eminent services to
Church and State, utterly fearless in the discharge of duty, able
lawyer, learned judge, a careful, sympathetic and inspiring
teacher. An outline of his public career may be found on page
562. After Judge Walker's address, the Quartette beautifully
sang, "I heard the voice of Jesus say," and Rev. Dr. Thomas Hume
offered the closing prayer and pronounced the benediction. All
the addresses were of a very high order.
Page 699. On February 7, 1910, passed away the ex-Professor of
Law, the learned Judge, inspiring teacher, and high-toned gentle-
man, James E. Shepherd, at the age of 63 years. He was a resi-
dent in Chapel Hill during many summers, and endeared himself
to all in the University and village circles.
Page 746. As the debaters in the Inter-collegiate contests were
picked men I conclude to publish their names. It will be inter-
esting to observe their careers in the contests of the great world.
List of Debaters of U. N. C. ix Ixtes-collegiate Debates.
(Copied from YacJcety Yack.)
1897. vs. University of Georgia — H. G. Connor and D. B. Smith. IT.
N. C. lost.
1898. vs. U. of Georgia— W. J. Brogden and E. K. Graham. U. N. C,
won.
1899. vs. U. of Georgia— E. D. Broadhurst and T. C. Bowie. U. N.
C. won.
1900. vs. Vanderbilt U — W. S. Bernard and Whitehead Kluttz. U.
N. C. won.
1900. vs. U. of Georgia— W. H. Swift and P. Parker. U. N. C. won.
1901. vs. Vanderbilt U. — B. B. Lane and W. H. Swift U. N. C.
won.
1901. vs. U. of Georgia— D. P. Stern and R. R. Williams. U. N. C.
lost.
1902. vs. Vanderbilt U. — T. A. Adams and C. Ross. U. N. C. won.
1902. vs. U. of Georgia— C. A Bynum and R. W. Herring. U. N. C.
lost.
1903. vs. Johns Hopkins U. — D. P. Stern and R. R. Williams. U. N.
C. won.
1903. vs. Johns Hopkins U. — S. S. Robins and R. O. Everett. U. N.
C. won.
1904. vs. U. of Georgia— I. C. Wright and A. H. Johnston. U. N. C.
won.
1905. vs. Washington and Lee IT. — I. C. Wright and A. H. King. U.
N. C. lost
1905. vs. IT. of Georgia— H. S. Lewis and C. C. Earnhardt. U. N. C.
lost
190G. vs. U. of Georgia— W. B. Love and J. J. Parker. IT. N. C.
won.
1907. vs. U. of Virginia— J. J. Parker and E. S. W. Dameron. U. N.
C. won.
1907. vs. Geo. Washington IT.— V7. P. Stacy and R. C, Day. U. N. C.
lost.
1907. vs. IT. of Georgia — L. P. Matthews and C. J. Katzenstein. U.
N. C. won.
1907. vs. IT. of Pennsylvania — P. M. Williams and T. M. Andrews.
U. N. C. lost.
1908. vs. Geo. Washington IT.— W. P. Stacy and T. W. Andrews. U.
N. C. won.
1908. vs. U. of Georgia— C. TV Tillett, Jr., and O. R. Rand. IT. N.
C. won.
1908. vs. U. of Virginia — J. T. Johnston and J. W. Hester. U. N. C.
won.
1908. vs. U. of Pennsylvania — J. W. Umstead, Jr., and K. D. Bat-
tle. U. N. C. won.
1909. vs. IT. of Virginia — J. W. Ulmstead, Jr., and J. C. M. Vann.
U. N. C. lost.
1909. vs. IT. of Georgia— D. B. Teague and W. P. Grier. IT. N. C.
lost
1909. vs. Tulane U — H. E. Stacy and L. P. Matthews. U. N. C.
won.
1909. vs. U. of Pennsylvania — E. M. Highsmith and E. E. Barnett.
U. N. C. won.
1910. vs. U. of Pennsylvania— W. F. Taylor and C. L. Williams. U.
N. C. won.
1910. vs. U. of Georgia— D. A. Lynch and L. C. Moser. U. N. C.
won.
1910. vs. U. of Virginia— W. A. Dees and W. T. Joyner. U. N. C.
lost.
1911. vs. U of Pennsylvania — P. P. Barker and C. R. Wharton. U.
N. C. won.
1911. vs. Tulane U. — C. K. Burgess and L. P. McLendon. U. N. C.
won.
1911. vs. Vanderbilt U— C. D. Hogue and C. E. Teague, U. N. C.
won.
1912. vs. U. of Virginia— J. C. Busby and W. F. Taylor. U. N. C.
won.
1912. vs. Johns Hopkins U— W. S. Tillett and F. P. Graham. U. N.
C. won.
Page 775. At the close of my description of places of interest in
and around Chapel Hill should be mentioned the lovely Arbore-
tum, the work of Dr. Wm. C. Coker. Pie has converted a barren
pipe-clay, worn out old field, the first cleared land within the
limits of Chapel Hili, into a garden of flowers and shrubs and
winding paths. By a generous donation of Mrs. Margaret Shipp
he has erected, parallel to Cameron Avenue, a Pergola, on which
vines are beginning to trail. When completed it will be a favorite
resort of belles and beaux.
Page 813. Since the publication of my second volume I learn that
the name of Mr. Haz~ll Holland has been changed by law at hii
instance to William Rankin Holland.
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